brainstorm 之我见
本帖最后由 wdassfm 于 2009-7-31 16:37 编辑一直以来，觉得自己写作打不开思路，虽然学习了部分追星箭的特训，但是疏于练习，今天下午照着新东方修锐老师的主题分类提纲又把题库的题看了一遍，收获良多，拿出来跟大家分享一下：
修锐老师的这种分类与一般的题材分类不同，他是按照写作的破题思路把ISSUE分成了8类：
1、当务之急与百年大计
2、个体与整体
3、技术进步对人类的影响
4、理性与感性
5、不同领域的交流
6、统一与分歧
7、理想与现实
8、新与旧
在每类的提纲中只是抽出了题目的用来支持主题观点的原句，所以不会因为参杂了个人观点而潜在的抑制大家自己的想法，真没想到ETS不同题目的思想放在一起有这么强大的brainstorming的威力。
这么说似乎有点泛泛之谈，附上一段提纲，大家看看吧：
E. 不同领域的交流
话题:study/education/nation/history/law
是：∵indirect experience is richer and broader than direct experience/
∵
outsiders bring knowledge, experience(avoid mistakes) /
learn only facts without ideas that help explain those facts is useless
∵ unique reverence for a field impedes progress/ people in different times and places share same problems/
∴ reveal the otherwise hidden ideas and impulses of a society/ satisfying human needs that are not addressed by one field
非：∵ distance between different fields causes specialists unable to influence each other/ knowing about the past is helpless to make decisions today/accept a theory without experiencing it is to learn nothing/
∵ each field operates on its own assumptions and has its own special habits of thinking/
people could learn more by studying on their own
这样的话，把按照题材分类看过的题目再重新看一遍，会有很多新的收获。且不问他这么分类是不是合理，毕竟，人与人的思维方式是不同的，你越是认为不合理的地方，可能恰恰是你思维的疆界之处，尝试着向这种分类方式靠拢的过程中，其实，又是一次brainstorm。
拿“统一与分歧”提纲中的ISSUE235来说，一开始，我真的是没有想到loyalty还可以从critical和compromise的角度来写！！！
还是新手，一点心得，不妥之处还望大家多多指正，声明一下，绝对没有做广告的意思哦~
由于传不了附件，下面附上修锐老师的主题提纲，希望对大家有所帮助！O(∩_∩)O~
ps：分类提纲的题号——
1、当务之急与百年大计
3/56/20/31/44/190/121/242/211/193/243/118/64
2、个体与整体
6/63/10/72/203/229/165/60/71/
62/22/113/145/200/48/93/156/162/136/61/67/208/97/123/83/15/19/105/170/8/167
/108/9/218/29/161/185/45/24/89/160/79/77/179/230/234/171/140/175/199/181/214/43/169/212/152/231/82/224
3、技术进步对人类的影响
7/38/155/150/237/16/166/196/119/30/124/66/69/88/107/151/183/205/215/219/233/114/129/135/149/159/
4、理性与感性
12/91/110/112/182/47/134/126/115/127/177/178/157/184/192/216/33/109/206
5、不同领域的交流
4/138/50/154/81/94/131/132/158/176/197/41/220/221/54/243/74/57/204/28/174/180/39/
6、统一与分歧
1/5/17/18/35/37/46/52/65/68/78/92/95/96/122/142/172/143/144/14/153/163/168/194/198/201/
209/213/225/227/228/235/238/239/240/11/13/111/116/85/101/32/55/100
7、理想与现实
14/49/73/186/80/51/86/90/34/99/106/130/148/164/191/210/232/236
8、新与旧
26/27/84/70/75/87/98/102/103/120/125/189/128/104/147/173/76/187/188/217/207/226/133/139/36/241
Issue主题分类提纲
(Version 2008-11)
分类和提纲皆纯手工原创，请尊重版权。
分类提纲目的：整合题库和提供思路，仅供参考，不是束缚你自己的思路或者仅限于这些来自ETS题库的思路。
主题分类提纲、4种论证过程、搭桥法结合（题库＋逻辑链＋展开分析）
篇幅原因，大量意思重复语言不同的题目选择了精炼的表达，每个人在看题库的时候注意建立联系。
由于题目的复杂性和人的思维方式会有多元理解，如果对下列素材的因果排序有自己的诠释，只要符合逻辑能自圆其说都可以。
a. 当务之急和百年大计
Today
是：∵immediate
need to survive
非：∵not immediate
without reference to survival（注：题库中没有题目直接问及非的方面）
Future
是：∵good investment
the most lasting significance
help future generation
anticipated problem
非：∵controversial result
expense to humans
Example:
all the potential uses of effort, time and financial well-being
social programs and services
adults /hungry/out of work/lack the basic skills
medical or ethical
children/arts/endangered species
b. 个体和整体
①通过个体了解整体
6/63/10/72/203/229/165/60/71
话题：know a culture/society
∵ to study details in depth/ youth/ one other culture/ major cities/ heroes or heroines/
leading voices different from the majority
②通过整体了解个体
62/22/113/145/200/48/93/156/162/136/61/67/208/97/123/83
话题：self-knowledge /self-improvement/defines us and our attitudes/
∵ develop a sense of the whole/ identification with social groups/adapt to changing social conventions/interaction with others
∵ people are intrincially deficient/group make history/ society controls our life/others affect our thinking and behaviour
③集中 vs. 民主 15/19/105/170/8/167/108/9/218/29/161/185/45/24/89/160/79/77/179/230/234/171/140/175/199/181/214/43/169/212/152/231/82/224
话题：thrive a society, policy decisions，academic disciplines/ art
民主
是：∵ watching government proceedings can help people to know the issues that affect their lives/
∵ compromise/tolerate challenges from it's own citizens/
∵ a wider audience makes ideas useful/understandable to most people to have merit/
∵ restraint of power/ethnical and moral standards/ scandal /
∵ general welfare of people/ demands create leaders/team work out details/personalities interpret facts different/
非：∵ people are interested in public figures’ privacies/
media scrutiny will diminish reputation
集中
是：∵ withhold information from the public/
censorship/impossible for an effective political leader to tell the truth all the time/
∵ government should rely on its own judgment /committed to principles and objectives/
∵ respond to the extremes of human behavior/ put its own overall success before the well-being of its individual citizens/
∵ more informed/better judgment and perspective
∵ satisfacions come from the good of the group/
achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists indicate great nations/
∵ people prefer following directions to risks/
∵ individual innovation weakened by group/
非：∵ high profiles fail to recognize the majority/great social achievements result in discontent c. 技术进步影响人类
是：∵efficiency/conveniences /
∵more leisure time/accurate documentation/more and improved ways of life-long learning more (places, original works)
或者∵quality of life/luxuries/comfortable
例子：video camera/ television / worldwide computer connections/instant foods, instant communication, faster transportation
非：∵damage the quality of life/
∵distract from real learning/not strong and independent individuals
∵rushed and frantic pace/
hasty opinions / no thoughtful communication /less able to focus extensively on a single issue over a long time/ less comprehensible, but more complex and more mysterious
unable to compete with the quantity of information/bombardment of visual images
例子：tourism/ reading books/
customs and ethics/
war, violence, and poverty/
environmental problems/
d. 理性和感性
理性
是：∵stubborn facts、 situation or surroundings、reality or truth 、data
→ objective pursuit/rational choice
→ precise measurement、 cognitive skills、 reasoning and logic、
mental agility/rhetorical skill
→ alter the way to perceive the world
control people's behavior、planning、think of the possible consequences
非：∵dangerous to trust only intelligence
→ creative enterprise、 no purely objective observation、never know the truth/past but interpreting evidence、cannot reform human nature/ hearts and minds、
感性
是：∵guided by the observer's expectations/desires、 internal characteristic、explore emotions、sincerity and conviction of beliefs、
chances/risks/ accidental、take action 、
appealing image、feel better about themselves
非：∵facts cannot be altered by
wishes/inclinations/passions
↓
理性（是）stubborn facts… 本帖最后由 wdassfm 于 2009-7-31 16:01 编辑
E. 不同领域的交流
话题:study/education/nation/history/law
是：∵indirect experience is richer and broader than direct experience/
∵ outsiders bring knowledge, experience(avoid mistakes) /
learn only facts without ideas that help explain those facts is useless
∵ unique reverence for a field impedes progress/ people in different times and places share same problems/
∴ reveal the otherwise hidden ideas and impulses of a society/ satisfying human needs that are not addressed by one field
非：∵ distance between different fields causes specialists unable to influence each other/ knowing about the past is helpless to make decisions today/accept a theory without experiencing it is to learn nothing/
∵ each field operates on its own assumptions and has its own special habits of thinking/
people could learn more by studying on their own
f. 统一和分歧（大量的题目重复）
话题：study/society/art/ law
统一
是：∵ cooperation motivates people more productively/
∵ to defend an idea against the doubts and contrasting views of others discovers the value of that idea/
∵ meaningful similarities among ideas, individuals, and groups/ interconnectedness of all human beings /
∴eliminate wars, cultural clashes, and other forms of conflict /
非：∵ it is unhelpful or harmful to look for similarities between different things/
∵ Conformity leads to a deadening of individual creativity and energy/
∵each field operates on its own assumptions and has its own special habits of thinking/
或者a 'fact' should be mistrusted since it may be proven false in the future
分歧
是：∵question authority can enhance society/
∵ Progress is best made through discussion among people who have contrasting views./
∵People who are the most committed to an idea are the most critical of it./
∵ to ignore established boundaries and challenge long-standing assumptions to remain vigorous/
∵ make use of a very limited portion of the resources available to them until they face a great problem or crisis/
∴make the choices that are best for them/
非：∵ question and criticize does not promote harmony/
∵ suspicion and mistrust/
∵ Criticism tends to undermine and constrain the artist's creativity/
∵ disagreement can cause stress and inhibit learning/
g.现实和理想
话题：education
现实
是：∵ Socialized people/productive workers determine the destiny of society
∵ necessary in today's increasingly work-oriented society/
∵ pragmatic behavior guarantees survival/
∵ the needs of the economy, the relative
ease of finding a job, and the salary they can expect to make
非：∵ a decreased emphasis on academic subjects/individual interests/belief…
∵ seek immediate fame and recognition
理想
是：∵ to pursue long-term goals/ a value system, a standard, a set of ideas
∵ to choose… based on natural talents or interests
∵ …is effective when designed to meet the individual needs and interests
∵ focus on important ideas without being held back by practical concerns
非：∵ Encouraging people that they can accomplish great things if they try hard enough is both misleading and harmful. /
∵ idealism leads to disappointment or trouble/
(Learning for learning's sake) has no clear goals
h.新和旧
新
是：∵ revitalization/ revising the ideas, beliefs, and values people held in the past/
∵ much greater relevance for daily lives/
Or
To be profound and creative is out of step with time and society/
∵ Success is to survive in and change a new environment/
∵ new generations redefine 'right' and 'wrong'/
people can be judged by those who live after them and they are objective evaluators
非：∵ difficult to accept the way new ideas are put into practice
旧
是：∵ a valuable record of society's past/
(if no) a diminished sense of who they are/
∵ any contribution is first influenced by past achievements/
∵ to learn what contributions remain to be made to innovate/perceiving and coordinating the talents and skills of others/ putting old ideas together in new ways/
∵ people are as complex and challenging as their predecessors
非：∵ conforming to conventional practices and ways of thinking can achieve no success/
∵ the past provides no guidance because today is new and complex/
∵ restrain minds and spirits/ perpetuate the ideas it favors and discredit the ideas it fears 本帖最后由 wdassfm 于 2009-7-31 16:02 编辑
THE END 本帖最后由 草木也知愁 于 2009-7-31 16:20 编辑
恩 以彼之计还施彼身的方法很长时间就有了
用issue topic转型作为自己的论点是寻找思路的一个很好方式 而且也是ETS当初选题目做题库工作的一个逆推
不过能做到LZ这么用心 实属不易 大赞一下
这样一来思路由了很多 而且这样做一遍可以对题目以及逻辑上的系统性有一个很好的提升
希望可以坚持下去~
此篇加精~
P.S.提醒几点：
做这个的人其实也不少所以要适量
每个topic之间虽然可以相互提点思路但是每个topic都是自成体系的一个逻辑，有的貌似正反两面的题目会成为陷阱；同时每个topic都是比较大的，真正行文的时候尽量别做的太空~ 7# 草木也知愁
呵呵，多谢提点，会多注意的~刚刚匆忙忘记附上分类的题号了，马上加上。。。 =0= 楼楼好用心~ 加油↖(^ω^)↗
仔细拜读一下去 >3< 不错 恩 以彼之计还施彼身的方法很长时间就有了
用issue topic转型作为自己的论点是寻找思路的一个很好方式 而且也是ETS当初选题目做题库工作的一个逆推
不过能做到LZ这么用心 实属不易 大赞一下
这样一来思路由 ...
草木也知愁 发表于 2009-7-31 16:14 https://bbs.gter.net/bbs/images/common/back.gif
版主从来都是这么清醒，赞
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