10 “When people succeed, it is because of hard work. Luck has nothing to do with success.” Do you agree or disagree with the quotation above? Use specific reasons and examples to explain your position.

Sample Essay
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I fully agree with the claim that there is no correlation between success and luck. Moreover, I understand success to refer to one’s ability to achieve the predominant part of his goals in his lifetime, which in turn leads to a correlation between success and income since the accomplishment of such a natural goal as to provide a good future for your loved ones demands the means. What is the simplest and most lawful way to earn enough to consider yourself a successful person? To receive a good education and to find a good job. Both receiving an education and making a career presuppose one’s readiness to work hard, and success without hard work is simply not possible for the vast majority of the world's population. The reasons and examples listed below will strengthen my point of view.
First of all, considering an education and a career as key factors of success, one will choose to pursue a degree from a college or a university. One wishing to be admitted to the university will have to take several tests. It is doubtful that someone will be so lucky that knowing nothing, he could pass the test with a high score. A low score means failure, and that test taker will not likely be admitted.  Therefore, in order to be successful, one should prepare for the tests and work hard, because a good education will provide him with a good job and an opportunity to accomplish some of his goals and dreams.  In my lifetime, I have never met a person who could graduate from a college without working hard.

Secondly, it is impossible to make a career if one is indolent and lacking knowledge, at least in developed countries. Luck plays no role in achieving this success. Even if someone was unbelievably lucky enough to become a manager not being qualified enough, he will be asked to resign in the near future because of his inability due to lack of knowledge and experience to make right decisions. For instance, I used to work for a very small company owned by a friend. This company was later closed because of bankruptcy. The cause of bankruptcy was wrong strategies and decisions made by the owner. After the failure, he went to a university and worked for another company so that he could obtain experience and become a successful businessman. Nowadays, he considers himself a successful person because he had turned into reality his two biggest dreams of producing consumer goods of high quality and making charitable donations to needy people.

In sum, as long as someone understands success as an ability to turn into reality some of his dreams and goals, he will have to work hard because he will need money. And his chances to earn that money will remarkably increase if he could graduate from a college and make a career. All of these things are simply not possible without hard work. Luck has no place in such a scheme of events.

11 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Universities should give the same amount of money to their students’ sports activities as they give to their university libraries. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.

Sample Essay

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Some people claim that universities should give the same sum of money to their students' sports activities as to their university libraries. They point out that universities should attract more students to exercise, because a healthy body can make a student bear the heavy studies. On the other hand, most people, like me, strongly disagree with it. In the following paragraphs, I will explain some main reasons.

In the first place, an obvious advantage to spend more money on libraries is that enormous libraries can help us save a huge amount of money, paper resource and the time to seek study materials from a far bookstore. As we all known, the prices of books are more expensive than before, while we have to read more books to catch up with the high-tech era. Moreover, now many students are still too poor to go to school, therefore libraries become the cheapest places to provide useful knowledge for them. Just imagine these poor persons can enjoy a varieties of books in a comfortable environment with enough light and a quiet study atmosphere. How happy they are!

Secondly, another reason why I disagree is that the chief goal of university education is to teach students working skills. Obviously, libraries provide more useful information to students than sports activities do. For example, more and more libraries are also equipped with computers which can encourage students to surf the Net to widen their horizons. Without the Internet, there will be less chances to make friend with the foreigners and catch the latest worldwide information. On the contrary, sports activities are just limited in a small area and a few of friends in some degree.

However, I don not deny that sports activities can provide chances to develop some good characteristics, such as cooperation. But frankly speaking, it is a bit wasteful to spend too much money on sports activities, when we can attain enough free exercises, such as running, which gain the same advantages as well. Furthermore, students are easily obsessed by the activities and overlook their studies. For instant, I once used so much study time to play basketball that I failed to go up to the next grade. Although I earned some awards of basketball matches at that time, I feel very regret. In fact, numerous students have the similar stories because of the attraction of the sports activities.

In conclusion, I firmly disagree with the idea that universities should give the same sum of money to their students' sports activities as they give to their university libraries. Nevertheless we are sure that both universities libraries and proper sports activities are valuable. Anyway, to avoid students playing overtime and ignoring their homework should be concerned. Is it wise to spend more money on universities libraries?




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I disagree with the statement that universities should offer the same amount of funding for sports activities as they provide for studies. The word 'studies' means a wide range of activities that a student should follow in order to be graduated at a university or a college (in this case). Studies include reading for new knowledge, conducting experiments with invaluable equipments in high-tech labs, finding literature, writing research reports, etc.

In contrast, sports are not a must for students who study another specific subject stream. Therefore, it should not require that much of dedicating work and money because it is actually based on physical training that can be achieved during the spare time of such a student. It is obvious that the sports activities are essential for well-balanced healthier life not only for students, but also for each and every human. However, if we balance the cost and benefit of regular studies and sports, studies always rank first because of its high cost as well as the higher benefits than achieving through sports.

Undoubtedly, studies require large amounts of money to support a student. For an example if we take a student who study biotechnology. She/he should conduct her research in air-conditioned labs with fine equipments. The chemicals used to run a gel, such as polyacrylamide gel are very expensive. She/He will have to use these expensive chemicals many times. Moreover, the uses of energy for high-tech equipments are very high. Let's assume that the university scholarship bear all these expenses. But the point is that if the university gives the same amount to practice basketball for that student, it is a waste of money because the student's major concern is his/her studies than practicing basketball. The important conclusion is that this student does not need to study basketball in depth because she/he is not reading for a sports technology degree. If one student needs to follow such a degree it doesn't matter to fund him/her in big amount for sports. Therefore my opinion is that university should have flexible criteria to provide only the adequate amount of money for a specific program without assigning the same amount for both most and least important programs.

In the world there are many poor students who have excellent abilities in different fields of studies. Universities can absorb those intelligent students if they have good plans of funding that are mainly focused on studies while assigning only an adequate/less amount for sports. Administrative officers should be aware of all these factors when they spend money on students' support.

13 Some people prefer to eat at food stands or restaurants. Other people prefer to prepare and eat food at home. Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

Sample Essay
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People may have two choices to eat, either they go out to fast food stands or restaurants, or they prepare food at home, whatever suitable to them. In my case I prefer to go out to eat, as it is easy to get, it saves my time, and I can try variety of interesting food of  different countries.
  
   Being a working person, with all day long office work and driving long way, it becomes difficult to do all preparation for making food. For me easy way to get food is restaurant, where I can get prepared food at home or office by just ordering on phone, Along with that another comfort is, that when ever I have to eat together with my so many friends, I can always  go to a restaurant, otherwise it’s difficult to prepare food at home  for so many people and don’t get time to talk and having fun. So I always find it a easier way to eat out, apart from that It make my other outdoor activities possible   because I don’t have to bother about food wherever I go, to any fun place or theater or traveling, restaurants are always there throughout  city and it becomes easy every time to get food whenever and whenever I need according to other activities.

Besides that I can save a lot of time by getting food from restaurant as, I don’t have to go for vegetables and grocery shopping, I don’t need to clean, cut and fry  food and do a lot kitchen work , doing dishes etc., instead  I can get fresh food  delivered in minutes.
Along with that  when I eat at restaurant I have more time to do other things like reading, watching TV, and listening music, going out theatre, or having fun with friends, that don’t make me tired or boring and I feel refreshed for next day work, so by going to restaurant  I can manage a lot more activities instead preparing food.

In addition, in restaurant I get a variety of food choice, I can have taste of different regions, for example  Indian restaurant I can get varied food from North Indian to South Indian  Punjabi, Bengali, Madrasi, Maharashtrian, etc. at one place.
Likewise, I can taste world wide food variety like  pasta dishes  in   Italian restaurant , tortilla and barito dishes  in  Mexican, pizza, and burger items  in American, noodles in Chinese, etc. and can enjoy  various vegetarian, non vegetarian  dishes which are specialty of different countries.
Not only that, in restaurant the food is served with beautiful garnishing, that tempt for eating and is worth of paying. I find it very interesting to experience varied food in different restaurants.
To conclude I am fond of going stands and restaurants for eating that is suitable for me because of convenient, quick and variety of tasty food, which I enjoy very much and make my routine easier and interesting.




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As people get more and more busy with their life stlyle and career, they tend to go out and eat food from restuarants or other food stall. But I for one still prefer to come home, prepare and eat my food at home.

I have always enjoyed  cooking for other people and let them praise me for it. It has been an extra bonus because I find cooking theraputic as well. After coming from a exhausting day of work from the office, it is fun to be your own boss in the kitchen. I can do whatever I want to do and do not have to ask for any permission or worry about if I am doing everything right. It is the fact that I know what I am good at it makes me feel exuberant.

But apart from this, cooking at home and eating with the rest of the family at the end of the day has been a tradition in the old generation. A tradition that more and more people are forgetting these days. We are so busy with our own lives that we are no longer interested with the lives or our near and dear ones. So I think the best way to catch up with the rest of the family with over a nice cosy dinner and sipping warm wine.

Eating at one of those classy resturants means that you have to be dressed properly with black jacket and white shirt. If you go to one of the chinese resturants that is just round the corner, it is always noisy when all you want is quite and peace around you. Sometimes the food is not even up to standard, sometimes your favourite dish is not available any more.

Then there is a question of hygiene. How well cooked is the food at the resturant? Have they been washed properly before cooking? If food is eaten at home, you are sure that it will be cleaned and washed properly becasue hygiene, to you, is the most important thing.

Even if some people think of cooking as a hassle nowadays, with microwave, oven and other different kitchen gadgets, cooking can be done with no probelm at all.

last but not the least, it's very cheap when you eat at home. A person might not be able to afford chinese 30 days a month, and 12 months a year.

So based on all the above mentioned point, I think it is better to eat at home

14 Some people believe that university students should be required to attend classes. Others believe that going to classes should be optional for students. Which point of view do you agree with? Use specific reasons and details to explain your answer.

Sample Essay
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Optional attendance to classes at universities has been an increasingly popular way for students to study for several years in quite a few countries. However, it has not yet had its intended results as it had been hoped. In fact, today, this system seems to be one of the reasons for the corruption of university education. In my opinion, compulsory attendance is better than having no requirement to attend all the lessons on-campus.

There are two points of view to this question. First, one side will say that university students are adults and should be able to manage their time as they see fit. This point of view says that sometimes, in today’s busy world, people need flexibility to manage their lives. For example, many single parents who are trying to earn their college degrees will sometimes need to skip a class because of the demands of their other responsibilities. However, I believe that the great majority of college students are young and single, and have few responsibilities, and that they need the discipline and structure of a system that requires attendance. Young people who have just gone off to college are notorious for the excesses to which they enjoy their freedom.

There are many negative situations caused by the free-attendance system. The most harmful one is the economic waste for both universities and students. Many students who do not attend classes regularly are likely to suffer decreased performance on their exams and therefore waste their time in college. They, generally, do not feel panic because of the failures or restudying the same subjects for the second time. However, this sometimes costs a fortune to both parents and the government that have created tax-funded subsidies for education for each student every year. Not only are the university fees wasted, but also the money for accommodations and other spending are also wasted.

On the other hand, students who are required to attend classes regularly have no time to waste in pubs or clubs. Nor can they spend these young years, which are more valuable to them to learn and think than any other period in their lives, on gambling or drinking. I do not mean they are only to study without any break or entertainment. Their social life is as necessary as studying during the hard academic years, yet, the amount of each should be balanced well. More spare time than necessary encourages the young to ignore studying and classes. Thus, neither the universities nor the students do their best if the students have too much freedom not to study.

To sum up, many teenagers are not able to think sensibly to decide when to study and when to enjoy with friends. A scheduled chart of classes which have a huge number of options that are necessary to identify the best fitting one for each student, will help them to construct an ideal campus life including leisure activities. In addition, this will stop the waste of time and money and is likely to reevaluate the higher education system in several years. In short, I believe that the majority of college students are too young to manage their time responsibly and that universities should therefore impose strict rules on attendance.

15 Neighbors are the people who live near us. In your opinion, what are the qualities of a good neighbor? Use specific details and examples in your answer.

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From the very beginning of the development of the society people live in small groups. This helps them to face any problem easier.
In my opinion a neighbor must be first and foremost a good friend, secondly a person with good manners and finally a sober-minded one. I will prove the importance of these qualities one by one so you could understand my position.
The importance of a neighbor to be also a good friend can be proved by the following example. This week, one of my neighbors was hit by a car. When this happend I was staying at the balchony with my father, so we rushed out of the house and took our neighbor to the hospital. If we came ten minutes later she would had died. That's why I think a neighbor must be a good friend that would always help you.
If you have a neighbor with good manners, being neighbors becomes a pleasure for both of you. A day begins batter if you get a "Good morning" from a smiling and nice person.
And finally, if your neighbor is a wise person you can always get a good advice from him; he can always help you with to solve some difficult problem.
In conclusion, a neighbor must be an example of a man from a developed society, because only then he can represent all the qualities mentioned above.  




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Neighbours are the people who live closest to us, so close that their maybe only a cemented wall separating their abodes.Therefore, i believe that a person has many responsibilities towards his neighbours. in my opinion the qualities of a good neighbour are, that he should be helpful, friendly understanding and trustworthy,
   I would like to quote a personal example here. this incident just happened last year when a couple of my relatives came with arms to threaten my father.Me and my mother were on the door and screaming our lungs out at them. Hearing our voices my neighbour, a very pious lady, came to our house with her guards and sons. She helped us to get our relatives reported to the police and thats not it she walked beside my family in every trial concerning this issue. Now that truly is a quality of a good neighbour! she turned better then our relatives also, a helpful and faithful friend, indeed.
  Another quality of a good neighbour is to be trustworthy. A neighbour always has some knowledge about what is going on in the four boundaries of a house. This is because he lives so close to you, he can hear voice, see your appearences, observe who comes to your house and who goes; at what time. Basically, a neighbour can gossip about half of the things happening in your klife. that is where the quality of a good neighbour comes in. A good neighbiur should be tryustworthy and sensible enough to not leak out one's family secrets.   
   I believe that neighbours are very close people and being a good neighbour is a duty that everyone should fulfil. iIt higlights the basic concept of give and take. As a neighbour is the nearest person to one in the darkest hour of the night also,therefore one should always be a good neighbour so that he is also treated in the same manner when he is need.




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   Neighbors are part of our daily lives. They are part of the process of socialization. Socialization is the process in which we interact with other people. In our lives we are always trying to look for a good area to live, a nice house, and most important of all good neighbors. this will influence in the decision of either moving to the area, or star looking for another area. In my opinion a good neighbor will be those who are respectful, friendly, and helpful.

    The first quality that good neighbors should have is to be respectful. respect is the most important aspect of being good neighbor. Neighbors should respect your space and privacy in order to live in a peacful environment. Being a respectful neighbor means not invading your personal space as well as your property. Another example will be to maintain a quiet environment not allowing loud music, or noise that will bother others. Respect to one another is the most important quality that a neighbor should have in order to live in harmony.

     Another quality of a good neighbor is that it shoud be friendly. All people should be friendly to one another, but this quality is most important when it comes to neighbors. Neighbors are close to you, to your home, property and most important to your family. You might not see them every day, but they live next to you all the time. These are the reasons why they should be friendly. One of the ways to be frienly is by showing they care about you, and they should welcome you to their neihgborhood. Friendly neighbors make a good and united society.
      The last quality of good neighbor is that it should be helpful. Neighbors as well as everyone should be helpful to one another. Helpfulness is a characteristic that everyone should have. A helpful neighbor is that, that in the times of need is there for you. For example, if a person is in a situation where he/she need a moral support for the lost a loving family member, the neighbor should give this person all the support he/she might need and encourage he/she that they can count on them no matter what.
     Overall good neighbors are those whom are respectful in every way. Friendly, that every time you see them they greet you with a good smile. And good neighbors are those whom are helpful when ever you need a supporting hand.

16  It has recently been announced that a new restaurant may be built in your neighborhood. Do you support or oppose this plan? Why? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.

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Ours is a locality which has a dearth of good restaurants.Eating out at a good place necessitates a long drive of one hour.Hence

I personally welcome the proposal to build a new restaurant in my locality.
   Ours is a family which likes to eat out often.We enjoy trying out different cuisines.We treat a visit to a restaurant as a family get-together.

However since the closure of our favourite restaurant a few months ago we have had to cut down our visits to restaurants.Hence the opening of this new restaurant which plans to offer five different cuisines is like a godsend for us.We are all eagerly awaitng the inaguration of this restaurant.

   Every one likes to eat out once in a way.Nowadays one hardly gets time to spend with his family.Gone are the days when the entire family
used to sit together for dinner.Hence a visit to a restaurant is treated as a special get together wherin the entire family can spend time together.However an hour long drive is enough to put off anyone from going to a restaurant.
   
Thus I would conclude by saying that the presence of a good restaurant in my locality is long overdue and I am eagerly looking forward to the resumption of our frequent visits to the restaurant.      




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When  thinking about a place where people can gather and talk, I feel it a great thing for the community. A restaurant, to me, is a great idea for my neighborhood. Not only it a place that everyone can go to on special occasions, but also it is good that people around my neighborhood have new kind of food; since there is only one restaurant around my neighborhood. I really like this plan because it really gives people a different restaurant to go to and another place where new food can be found.

Around my  neighborhood, there are only one Chinese restaurant for many years. I, myself, were tired of Chinese food and really wanted another menu. One of my friends said no to me immediately when I asked him to go to the Chinese restaurant. People around my neighborhood like changes. Last week, a new shopping mall was opened and on the newspaper survey of how people think about the new shopping place, everyone agreed that they liked it. A new restaurant, to me, will be welcomed by my community.

A place where people around neighborhood can go to socialize with good food is very important. The new ideas of the restaurant will give my neighbors another place to come for business,  special occasion, and much more. As I mentioned earlier, the Chinese foods are very bland and almost everyone hates it; the new restaurant may have a different menu that can give everyone  a fresh taste.

The new restaurant is perfect for my neighborhood, which likes changes and loves to go to place to talk and to eat tasty food. This restaurant will take part to bring people together as a family and as a community. The more people go to the restaurant, the more exciting and fun the place will become. The restaurant may has many success and can leads to more commercial building to be  built.




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It has been recently reported by the local newspaper that a new restaurant is going to be bulilt in our neighbourhood (which is located in the country side of a big city). Some neighbors oppose the building of the new restaurant. I however (likemost of the neighbors), believe that the new restaurant can contribute a lot to our neighborhood, as well as offer new opportunities to the neighbors.


One reason for supporting the building of the new restaurant is that after the the retaurant will be bulilt, I will not have to spend a lot of time in order to go to a restaurnat. Since my neibourhood is pretty far from the city's center I have to drive several hours until I find a good restaurant. The result is that I, as well as the other members of the neighborhood, go only to retaurants only in special occasions (for instance, in birthdates). When the restaurant will be built I will have the opportunity to go to restaurants more often, the way other people from other neigborhoods do.


In addition, the restaurant may offer work for the students who live in our neighborhood. If the restaurant will be successfull, it will naturally need a lot of waiters. The students in my neighborhood, who need to work in a working place that allows flexible working hours, would love finding a job where thaey can earn some money. Therefore, if the restaurant will hire them as waiters, it might help them a lot. I can take myself as a good example: when I was a student I lived in another neighborhood where two restaurants were located. I used to work as a waiter in one of these retaurants, earning money for the university's tuition fees.


In conclusion, I strongly support building the new restaurants in our neighborhood. The restaurant will allow me (as well as to the other neighbors) to eat in a restaurants more often. The new restaurant might also offer job opportunities to the students of the neighborhood.

17 Some people think that they can learn better by themselves than with a teacher. Others think that it is always better to have a teacher. Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons to develop your essay.


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Depending upon their abilities and demands of the subject people plan to study, different people have different ideas about the need of teachers.

Some people think that they can learn better with the help of books and computers. Certainly, modern technology has made our lives easier in every aspect. Today, computers have almost eliminated the need of most paperback books. Students can get the study materials over the Internet now. But in my opinion, no matter how advance the technologies may become, the need of a good teacher can't ever be over-stated.

Whenever we are reading a new topic or new subject, questions regarding that topic start to appear in our minds. We need someone to answer them all and tell us more about them. At those moments, we actually need a concerned teacher who can help us by answer those questions based upon his own experiences.

In fact, a teacher can be a person who knows things better than us. For example, in my opinion parents are the best teachers throughout our lives. They teach us from taking the first steps to good manners, learning lessons from life to the accumulation of knowledge. No one can deny their important part in building our characters.

In old times of kingdoms, royalties were provided with the best teachers of their times to make them expert in every field of life. Even today, many intelligent students are taught, by teachers, at home.

What could be a good example of the need of a teacher that God almighty sent his prophets to teach people about his teachings. Prophets were the selected persons from common people to guide people towards righteousness.

It is an old saying that the knowledge from experience is far more relevant than the knowledge from books. Books make you see the lines only whereas a teacher can take you beyond those lines in to a practical world.

So, in the light of the above discussion, it can be safely said that no matter how advance we may become in the technology, the need for good teachers will always remain. However, again, it may depend on a student's own choice.




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Some people think that they can learn better by themselves
than with a teacher. Others think that it is always
better to have a teacher. In my opinion, I prefer to have
a teacher or instructor so that my learning will
become more efficient and the knowledge I gain will
last longer in my mind.
  
Having a teacher always makes the learning easy and
efficient. When you make a mistake, the teacher can
immediately point it out to you so that you won't do
the same thing again later. This is obvious while you
are learning a language. You will never know if you
have any mistakes in your pronounciation if there
weren't a teacher beside you, teaching you to pronounce
in the correct way. Since the teacher is keeping on
track of your studying, he or she will know what
your weaknesses are, and thus finding a way to help
you out. Interacting with a teacher while studying makes
the learning fun. The teacher might tell you his/her
own experience, how he or she becomes successful in
the subject you are studying, or even the mistakes he/she
has made, telling you not to make the same mistake again.
You will sure learn a lot from them.

  This is my own experience: if I am studying by myself,
I will always forget what I learn right away. When I
first began to study English myself, remembering what a
word means was probably the most difficult thing to me.
Usually I had to look up the same word in the dictionary
over five times a day in order to memorize it. But
when I took an English course in school, I would remember
a word easily after the teacher had explained it to me
once. See, learning with a teacher really DOES make a difference!

  In conclusion, having a teacher while learning is
easier, more effective and fun, and most importantly,
the knowledge will be long-lasting!





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      I personally feel that only a brilliant student can study himself without the guidance of a teacher.Most people require the guidance of a teacher to direct his studies in a fixed direction.
I belong to the latter category.

       To begin this discussion,let me introduce myself.I come from India and at present I am doing my engineering in computer science. When I joined Grad school I was overwhelmed by the enormous size of the syllabus which was to be covered in  a short period of  six months i.e one semester.In most
cases even the syllabus is not clearly defined.In such a case it becomes essential for an individual like me to have a guiding force who can give a sense of direction to my studies.Also the concepts to be learned in Grad school are no longer simple
but rather complex.It becomes frustrating if one has to cover everything all by himself.In such  a situation the role of a teacher becomes very crucial.However I would like to state that the quality of teaching has to be very good otherwise it contributes to further frustration.
In the above situation it becomes imperative to the student to do everything himself.

       Another aspect why teachers are required is to keep a check on the activities of the students.Some students who opt to teach themselves may actually utilize the time spent studying in college on other activities like games,parties etc.This may lower the grades of these students.Not all of us mature enough
to realise our responsibilities.We may take advantage of our freedom(i.e no teachers) in indulging ourselves in unwarranted activities which may ultimately bring about our downfall.For instance I know of a student who never attended lectures in college but instead watched movies during college hours.A student like him who was in the
top ten in school failed miserably in Grad school.

       Thus I would conclude by saying that teachers play an important role in the all round development
of an individual and hence I feel that I cannot do without their services.        

      



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   I support the view that teachers should be a part of the learning process. Below are several beneficial reasons for which I feel that teachers are needed in while learning. Below are also some of the the problems that come up without their presence.

Primarily teachers are there for guidance in a particular field or subject. They give you a systematic and better way to approach a subject. A teacher normally teaches a subject in which he or she has expertise in. Hence that person has made a study of the subject and can guide you in order to help you approach the subject in a better way. This guidance may be in the form of giving you names of reference books or giving you notes. Without a teacher it would be extremely cumbersome to go through large libraries for a certain topic. Besides this the teacher could provide you help with any sort of problem that you come across while studying. The teacher could provide you strategies that help you solve a problem. Without a teacher, this problem would take up a lot of your valuable time or remain unsolved. Teachers can also point out when you are going wrong. They point out our mistakes and suggest ways for us to correct them.

In the end it does depend on the individual person to finally getting down to learn a subject. The actual studying has to be done by the individual. But the learning process can be made much simpler with the proper and continuous guidance of teachers. Hence it better to learn with the help of a teacher rather than learning by yourself.

18 What are some important qualities of a good supervisor (boss)? Use specific details and examples to explain why these qualities are important.

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A good supervisor is always rated according to his qualities. Some of the qualities in a Supervisor that make him a good boss include like punctuality, cooperativeness, being supportive to subordinates, good in communicating and be a motivator. He should be dedicated to his work.

A Good supervisor should be able to supervise all the subordinates in all the aspects. A good supervisor should be punctual in his work. The employees whom he will supervise will work according to his punctuality. If he's not punctual, obviously the subordinates  will also not be punctual. The employees go in the foot-steps of their boss and they will be irregular in work if boss is late to work and is not dedicated to his work.

Supervisor should be very cooperative and should be good in communication skills. If he is authoritative and not kind to his subordinates, the rapport between the employees and supervisor will not remain good. There may be some misunderstandings between them and so the relations will be effected. Praising the work of employees and encouraging them to do some more good work, giving them increments for their good work make employees feel happy at their work. And make them feel good about their supevisor. So, one of the important qualities of a supervisor is that he should be encouraging the people under him in their work to get out their hidden skills.

      So, supervisor could be good in the eyes of his sub-ordinates if he's really good to them, not being rude to them.






5
    A good supervisor is one who can manage his team of people well. Some of the most important qualities to be found in a good supervisor are courtesy , leadership , patience , composure and responsibility.

    Most people would not like to work for an ill mannered boss. It is most essential that he or she be courteous and polite. Every person expects to be treated with respect. Some people might leave a job for the single reason that they were not being respected as a person. This might result in the loss of manpower for the most simple reason. A good supervisor will posses good leadership skills. He or she should be able to command respect and lead a team of people through the task at hand. Employees will not do good work under a person who they dont respect or recognize as a leader. A firm hand is indeed required from time to time to counter slack and laziness, but on the other hand an iron fist would only lead to diaster.

      Patience and composure are mutual. Supervisors are expected to be patient and maintain their composure at all times. There may be a time when something outrageous might have happened. It is up to the supervisor to maintain his composure and be patient at such times. This is necessary to perform panic measures and damage control activities. Problems are inevitable in the course of work. A good boss should be able to absorb the tension arising from these problems and maintain his image.

      Responsibility is the key to good supervision. The person looked up to as the supervisor should be able to take on responsibility for any and all activities performed under him. There are cases when the supervisor resigns taking full responsibility for the actions that took place under his supervision. He or she should be brave enough to take responsibility in the event of the mishap. On the other hand he or she should also share the good will obtained from a job well done. Recognition is something everyone looks for in a good job. It is the supervisors job hence to recognise and award good work.

       Every supervisor is different because every person is different. Leadership , patience , courtesy composure and resposibity are just some of the few qualities that constitute a good supervisor. Similar to a problem that is solved using a compbination of techniques a good supervisor is a mix of various qualities that make him or her a winner.





5
That is a great pleasure and a rear fortune to have a boss you enjoy working with. Having more then ten years of working experience, I have had the opportunity to observe different kinds and shapes of bosses in real life and, therefore, can determine for myself which characteristics of my supervisor I would describe as mandatory.In short, that would be professional erudition and extraordinary people skills.

     The reason why I put professional erudition on the first place is that, as far as I am conserned, the boss' deep knowlege in the particulare field of work is a mandatory detail of his characteristic. In the other worlds, the reason this particular person has been assigned to supervise others is his extraordinally professional erudition and experience.Fortunately, I have never had a boss who did not have the level of knowlege necessary to lead and supervise work of others and that was the main thing we admired him.

    The next one, people skills, is as important as an erudition, because that is what the boss or the team leader supposes to do - supervise people. From his ability to motivate his team, organase its work and divide the task between the right people,depends how succesful the project will go. I have only positive experience because I was lucky enough to have resonably wise supervisors who were able to explain me the reason why I have to do my best at work.

   Summarising all the above, I would like to say that the idial supervisor for me would be an person who would be able to demonstrate the combination of deep professional knowledgive and extraordinary personal skills. As far as I am concerned, this combination makes a member of the team its leader.





5.5
What are the qualities of a good supervisor? Every one of us might have supervisors during her life. We spend a lot of time with them, work for them and generally, try to make them satisfy with our work. Usually we don't have the opportunity to choose our supervisors. But what if we could? what would be the most important qualities of a good supervisor?

The first important quality of a good supervisor is that a good a supervisor should have good interpersonal relations with his employees. This includes being interested in the employees' professional work as well as in their personal feelings. Take for example the case of my supervisor, Tom. When I don't feel well because of personal troubles, Tom asks me about my feelings, trying to give me good advice that will solve the problem. I know that my personal troubles are not related to my work. Even though, it is really good to know that the person you are working for takes care about your feelings and not only about your productivity.

The second important quality of a good supervisor is that a good supervisor should correct your mistakes, trying to explain you what is the right way to implement the assignment you have. For instance, when my supervisor saw that the report I prepared was written inpropertly, he called me to his office, explained my mistakes and told me how to write it propertly. I am sure that in the next time I write such a report, I will do it propertly...

In conclusion, a good supervisor should have two important qualities: he should have good interpersonal relations with his employees and he shoud explain them how to fulfill proprtly an assignment they have. In an organization that is based on a team work ,good supervisor might mean good employees and good team always usually means good productivity.






5.5
     I am a person who sincerely believes in Elton Mayo's Human Resource approach to management.Acoording to him the key assets of an organization are it's employees.
Hence I personally believe that one of the most important quality that boss should possess should be to guarantee employee satisfaction.

     An organization is as good as it's employees.Hence the supervisor should have the knack of selecting the best possible employees.He should be able to identify talent when he sees it.He should create a good working atmosphere for his employees so that they can give their best.
He should also offer appropriate remuneration packages to keep his employees motivated.He should follow an open door policy wherein the employees are encouraged to come forward with their suggestions and grievances.There should not be a barrier of any sort between the employee and the boss.

The employee who is part of an organization whic follows the above policies will feel motivated to give his best which in turn will prove instrumental in the success of the organization.Mr Narayan Murthy CEO of Infosys,a software consultancy firm in India has all the above qualities.Hence his organization has been voted  the best organization in India for three years running.

     A boss should also have the tactical acumen to take the right decisions at the right time.After all the success of the oragnization depends on the kind of decisions he takes.

He should also have the leadership capabilities to command the respect of his employees.He should lead by example.He should be prepared to accept his mistakes.
   
Thus I would conclude by saying that a boss should be a person who inspires his employees to give their 100 percent and also should be able to take the right decisions at the right time.





6.0
It's surely not so easy to be a good supervisor because you have to manage so many things and to deal with a lot of people, including your employees. In my opinion, the most important qualities a good supervisor should have are discretion, finesse and impartiality.

Since a supervisor is usually responsible for a company, project, or business, etc., he will certainly meet many difficulties and problems and require him to make correct decisions. If a supervisor has not discretion and hesitate to solve the problems, he, of course, can't deal with them well, and he maybe lose some chances of business or cause greater damage because of his hesitation.

Besides discretion, I think a good supervisor should have finesse and impartiality. Usually a supervisor will supervise several employees. It is common there is some conflict of interest among the employees. How to make the employees get along with one another well is a task for a good supervisor. Generally speaking, if a supervisor treats his employees impartially, he can reduce or avoid the conflict of interest among the employees and make them work hard. Jinny was a supervisor in my company, when there was a chance of promotion in her department, she gave the chance to a employee who worked very hard, not to her relative who also worked in her department. All employees said nothing bad about the promotion but respected her.

As a supervisor, a person has to not only do his work well, but also manage his company or team well. In order to be a good supervisor, the most important qualities he should have are discretion, finesse and impartiality.

19 Should governments spend more money on improving roads and highways, or should governments spend more money on improving public transportation (buses, trains, subways)? Why? Use specific reasons and details to develop your essay.



5
     There is an unresolved controversy what is more important for the city - convenient public transport or the well developed net of highways and roads. That is really a hard question because while each of the ways brings some advancement in the standard of leaving, it also has its own weaknesses. Nevertheless, I personally believe, that public transport is an essential part of the modern city so it has to get support from the government. I will try to prove my point by the following ideas.

      Firstly, public transport decreases the amount of the vehicles on the city's roads and thus, reduces the harmful pollution. For instance, I have grown up in the big city with the population over eight million people. Fortunately, not that many people could afford the personal car back than, so we did not really have any noticeable problems with the quality of the air. But nowadays, when car became a prevalent convenience for every middle-income family, city faces a real problem. The enormous amount of the cars in the streets create traffic problems, roads in the downtown are absolutely solid during the rush hours. Apparently, the pollution of the air reached the critical point and government has to urgently find the solution. I think that public transport can significantly benefit the environment.

      On the other hand, well-developed and convenient net of public transport will drastically increase the safety of the city's roads. Obviously, when the professional drivers are in charge the collisions happen not that often. Furthermore, during the rush hours, especially in the evening, when people are in a hurry to get home after the working day, they do not pay much attention to their driving. On the other hand, the professional drivers that have been trained to deal with the stress on the roads are able to concentrate better. So, more people leave their cars at the garages in the morning, less collisions we will have during the day.

     Resuming the above, I would like to say that if I were the government I would pay more support and attention to the public transport's condition then that to the highways and roads. The convenient net of the public transport is able to benefit environment and increase safety on the roads. My personal opinion is that the public transport is an essential element of the modern city.   







5
  Transportation is very important to a big city, people go to work or school rely on the public transportation such as bus, train or car every day. The convenience of transportation will have great impacts of people's life and the economic potentiality of a city. A good transportation can shorten the distance and improve the efficience.

  Government know the importance of transportation to a city so they spend a lot of money in it every year. Some people think government should spend money on improving roads and highways, others think they should spend money on improving public transportation. I agree improving public transportation is more important than improving roads and highways. The reasons are public transportation can save energy and reduce pollution, besides, it is also a way to save money and sometimes faster than drive.

  Improving roads and highways too much will encourage more people go out by driving cars. It might be convenient sometime but is inconvenient in rush hours. Besides, Parking is also a big problem to those who drive.

  From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that improving public transportation has more advantages to people, it saves money and reduces pollutions. I think government should pay more attention on it and let people like take bus and train in their life.

      






5.5

Yes the government should spend more money in improving public transport facility. In country like India where people like to travel in transport facilities provided by the govt. mostly due to inability of possessing a vehicle or inconvenience of driving to place of work depend highly on these transport facilities to go to work.

Public transport forms lifeline of travelers and workers. Public transport is analogous to blood in our body. As blood constantly nourishes various parts of our body public transport provides industries and services with a fresh supply of work force to carry out it operation uninterruptedly.   
The majority of work force depends on public services for its daily conveyance to its work place be a factory or office catering to essential services. An improvement in these services on only enhances the accessibility of the place but also improves the productivity of the workplace, thus causing enhancement of socio-economic growth of the nation.

Public transport is some times the only means of transport to a remote region, the increase in trips to the region would make reach essential services like medication and healing to reach in time. This improvement of transport may improve the economic condition of the region thus accelerating the process of development of the region which would other wise have taken a longer stretch of time.

Improvement of public transport would enhance the productivity and development, as improvement of transportation would remove the tension from the person’s mind about his probability of reaching home if he missed his ride back home thus allowing him to concentrate more on his job.

Thus I would support the development in public transport rather than improvement of roads as transportation would comfort the work force who depend on it and on whom the nations development is dependent.   








6.0
All means of transportation should be kept in good conditions.  However, I believe it would be most beneficial for a country or city, if its govenerment spent more money on improving public transporattion. This would result in substantial standard of living improvements.

The volume of cars and trucks hitting the higways is dramatically rising every year. As a result, the number of traffic jams, accidents and carbon monoxide emissions are doing too.  All these factors have a detrimental effect on our quality of life.  Expanding subway lines and railroads and developing an effective plan to combine buses and subways routes, would eventually lead to a reduction in poluttion levels, less trafic jams and less stress for the people.

If subway lines reached every corner of a city, people would not need to use their cars to commute.  Less cars on the road, means less carbon monoxide emissions into the atmosphere; therefore, the air we breathe would be more pure.  Less cars also means less trafiic jams, which translates into less stress for drivers and better living conditions.

Not every country has a well developed railroad system.  Consequently, they have to rely on trucks and buses for ground transporattion of passengers and freight.  Expanding and upgrading railroad systems will result in fewer trucks and buses on the highways.  Removing this kind of traffic from the highways and encouraging the use of trains, would be another way to reduce congestion on the freeways.  The reduction of traffic, represents less maintenance costs for the government.  This surplus of money could be use for other purposes.  For example, a forest recovery program or a national campaign against pollution.

Highways, roads and public tranportation all require maintenance funds, but I think it is more important to think about the future and how to make our countries or cities better places to live in.  Improving public transportation, will help reduce traffic jams, accidents and air pollution.  A safer, healthier and more enjoyable place to live awaits for us in the future.