返回列表 回复 发帖

一些词汇总结分享

有我的总结,也有收集来的东西
' a. v4 s- d; R6 n* H1 a! y! q; E5 R; e( A9 f: j( m4 A) Q
容易混淆的同源形容词
  [1 @8 r; V6 U6 j
" S; i8 J* O- x% Y★historic与historical- x& M4 H" ?) G/ P  b) N" j) {
historic: famous in history, 历史上著名的 associated with past times 与过去时代有关的1 Z1 O! y% ~9 A+ s: z0 e3 v# C& Q& z
a ~ event/speech/spot
0 x) T) p  b; t) C. ^, v1 Chistorical: belong to history 历史上的" P. ^$ |  C; t( z
a ~ people/novel/play/film/painting" _, y" z5 U3 G. W% I( F7 i
~ trend9 `( H' C; F! R+ u2 ~

+ ?# _; o* d+ k& n3 B* c- {★electric与electrical
4 }- ]9 H1 s5 [- Telectrical: worked by, changed with, producing electricity 用电的,带电的, 有电的
9 F5 d5 B1 i9 A& s# \& v* y' L~ current/cable
/ q' N6 J3 W, gelectrical: relating to electricity, an idea of a less close connection with electricity
% j, d: b4 S7 _0 o4 z6 y  h~ engineering/apparatus9 X; O  R6 a- J6 [. x/ V

1 i: I2 M: m! C" a! R1 A★economic与economical" R+ c/ I% ?1 b% c! C2 ~
economic: of economics1 j& u/ q3 c+ G, K* f
~ policy/geography/crisis/crops
& x+ t5 }$ `6 v3 x- D& q/ y/ Z3 L! h7 Qeconomical: careful in the spending of money and time, not waste 经济的,节俭的+ y+ t2 p4 n5 I0 Z* B# \4 L+ u
an ~ housewife/store4 y* x. M* A! N" m3 W$ W( j9 B4 ]

6 c/ F; B2 K. t* {+ b! p* W& G★industrial与industrious
8 W. Q8 j# l" X! K& [) jindustrial: of industries 工业的
6 F3 \' y% Z; [2 @the ~ revolution/products/system
2 G  G! ~  l8 M, F2 n4 d! B( G3 D4 aindustrious: hard-working, diligent
' y/ m0 R% o5 c# {* ?~ people
3 h6 F# e- P! Q- p3 B2 Y  B- \( S) _. I7 ~/ a; w: c# A: X& L4 F
★considerable与considerate$ F% A6 F$ |1 O! q6 I, v
considerable: great much 相当多(大)的
' Y* R/ ~1 k/ A% b+ Ga ~ income/distance# Y2 e: n5 t: t
considerate: thoughtful 体谅的, 体贴的 周到的
* W) U) [5 n* H) a. k% LShe is ~ to others.
3 d6 s1 m) d9 O7 h% a3 g( U& R/ A
★sensible与sensitive
2 X0 K- o6 O% h# E& }- j3 V: Fsensible: reasonable, having good sense 实用的, 明知的1 d. @5 K, P+ w( p# v
a ~ woman/idea/ 豁达的妇女/明知的观点" M" x& l( |2 A9 F5 P0 z2 Y2 V1 I
~ clothes 实用的衣服# N: U0 P9 s$ q- \  }
sensitive: quick to receive impression 敏感的
6 w0 [1 L9 W# Z" Q* I( Ha ~ skin
. d' g2 ^1 X1 p! _/ A+ N% N: I~ paper 感光纸* u* C6 [0 O0 M" F! d2 d( s
8 ~% d. t4 Z4 f/ Q  m3 W& m& m
★continual与continuous' n$ L# Y  a' K% u9 B* E
continual: going on all the time without stopping or with only short breaks, stop and go repeatedly, 连续的,断断续续的
( f+ Y& H7 [% X7 R3 Y! G~ rain/noise
) r# k: \9 j* ^1 x; {! Econtinuous: going on without a break, an uninterrupted flow 连续不断的
2 S1 x2 y9 C4 L. L2 f~ fight/work8 `3 P/ U# ~: j2 K: M
! [0 p: Q- m+ {- B# e/ w6 _+ S
★intense与intensive
7 z+ |, H! w& r8 Kintense: high in degree 强烈的, 剧烈的,高度的& r6 v. v* {( x; S! i
~ heat炽热/pain- F7 Q+ m2 B7 B, q5 y2 Y
an ~ lady 热情的女子4 c- R8 u4 Q1 ]  V
intensive: deep and thorough 精深的, 集中的
: m' y- y/ A/ X) k, X0 S2 V~ reading/study彻底研究/agriculture密集农业/ x  X$ h, ^, q+ ?

9 W) E) w& ~( w( G★respectable、respective与respectful
% [; O0 m: [( Y0 j5 ]& krespectable: deserving respect, 值得尊敬的,有名望的2 j. D& h1 D! j+ g! t, Q( B
a ~ man/profession
! l7 m1 z* X6 h/ M( Rrespectful: showing respect 尊敬人的,有礼貌的,
! R9 H. x3 W  I9 r9 M  gHe is always ~to the elders.3 }# N; @, V  i3 M3 s
respective: belongs to each of these 分别的,各自的
( |6 b  D9 C( OThey sat on their ~ chairs.! Z8 O& u) s  j8 A4 c

8 V; }% }# o. K* s★imaginable、imaginary与imaginative
9 D. Q! z( D5 `5 t+ M* |; X" Uimaginable:: that can be imagined 可象想的$ C  P: S- `% x* s7 \
~ difficulties
  q( J9 v. x* a$ l0 L. nimaginary: existing only in the mind, unreal 想象中的,不真实的
6 e9 C, o2 s2 l  g3 I~ figure
: L8 u# {2 d6 @3 Himaginative: of, having, using imagination 有想象力的,运用想象力的
0 [+ a% R3 q' p) Sa ~ writer* ?$ b, \4 q; v+ d* o7 Z
# L" p" m" j( |
★intelligent、intelligible与intellectual
4 c8 N# K. [4 J0 @; K% }: Kintelligent: having, showing intelligence, clever 有才智的, 聪明的& p) h* E2 z) o( }( |, n+ p1 ?
an ~ looking girl ~ answer4 y; E* L$ E8 \! p; a3 V* u
intelligible: clear to mind, that can be easily understood. 易了解的, 易领悟的
& h* w& ]6 S! L( ?4 ?. L( P# ?! san ~ speech/explanation
3 E$ P; J# [! }' R- e" Q: Eintellectual: possessing a great deal of knowledge 知识的, 智力的
' P% p" b3 G$ F2 t* e" ^) k! t" L6 `; U4 K
★contemptible与contemptuous' O/ h: w4 v/ O; @# L. ]9 m
contemptible: deserving contempt 可卑的' s5 M( x8 R( ]4 E6 @' H7 g
a ~ lie5 y/ q7 l$ t9 a+ G3 o4 W
contemptuous: showing contempt 表示轻视的3 a4 M. E. F) [
a ~ look
5 o! |& r2 |6 S+ ]! c2 J
5 ~: k" t2 [& N  m6 Y: y★credible、credulous与creditable
5 V! ]  n6 N' o+ `credible: that can be believed 可信的, 可靠的
$ j, s, [5 d( ^" E1 \1 a: g6 |a ~ witness5 M# k; [) k( j( {2 U. N
credulous: too ready to believe things. 轻易相信的,易上当的5 \4 P3 U1 s" A/ r2 F6 M% a
He always cheats ~ people.7 ^" k$ S4 g. _9 N
creditable: that brings credit. 可称赞的
$ c' K# w  O7 K6 ?' d8 aa ~ record/deed/effort2 g; r4 G% `: R5 H1 {

4 d( O$ S$ L2 \7 u' ^★alternate与alternative9 Z5 ?0 F( n- ]* u" O- R5 f
alternate: changing by turns 轮流的, 交替的; i9 r$ [- h- V  k( H* w( E* p% P
alternative: giving a choice between two things 选择的,两者选一的
2 T. A3 J, s# f, S) L4 q0 p) K6 P) K! a4 Y. r9 {, X& f4 U( N
★comparable与comparative3 z; f( C* A+ g6 j) R- c
comparable 可比较的, 有类似之处的
# A, u7 S" g& @, N2 c* |- o5 UThere is no scenery comparable to that of the West lake.0 y& a* A6 w! Q4 G- F+ v
comparative 比较而言的, 相当的
7 Y1 l, L* q/ S1 UHe lived in comparative comfort recently.; e$ B' v: D, G% w' V7 ~
  m% a+ S* H8 J, ^3 \# g3 Q1 W
★politic与political+ y' d; J8 g& t9 M
politic 精明的
& p/ p2 b  L, G: A7 k9 m- Bpolitical 政治的( ?7 \2 A  W- s& h' B

8 P; u* x5 {5 L& W' E, ~★beneficial与beneficent
# ?- u$ o% W* r% n- i- {4 b" ~0 Rbeneficial 有益的1 F; M' E+ J4 Z. n2 @1 w) n
beneficent 多多行善的
* F* G# u$ g# L5 n7 B# x
2 F; A; H6 R3 t* y★official与officious( X) G) X( Z3 k4 p: R9 m8 O  P0 E
official 官方的, q1 v( t3 a- u, Z" G7 n
officious 多管闲事的& w! p/ s, y3 w  V% t  R' L( X

  `1 Y; L' `: J; l; Z★potent与potential2 ~% B1 P; ~9 \5 J* }4 R
potent 强有力的/ k* z) ]  m6 {1 B; U* V
potential 潜在的, 可能的! E( I4 L7 N% X

  G3 w0 a0 k7 D★confident与confidential
1 U( U" u* k/ F* M0 Vconfident 有信心的, 自信的% ?- Y% v+ Q' ?1 g# A8 n+ j' R# {
confidential 机密的& E. }7 o% H4 L1 W  h/ G* |: o
4 p2 @% k( q9 V1 n2 i  p
★negligent与negligible
9 @8 l4 l, x: l# qnegligent 忽视的, 粗心大意的+ o( [6 {$ f) I  l6 w  [
negligible 可忽视的; ?7 W& y0 V2 C3 ]1 |, B

7 J+ F. ]: ]5 ^4 J3 s★momentary与momentous
) t' L6 h) t: |0 j) W& v6 {! Vmomentary 瞬时的, 短时的* G* \" D3 l; {
momentous 重大的
2 B* ^& H, _* p5 u7 K% }5 D5 [/ K3 v/ }8 n7 B9 ?# n+ D: s
★memorable与memorial
* o) X# s  Q- R7 n- B+ l5 [. Nmemorable 值得记忆的, 不能忘却的% h) J# z3 ~% Y2 z
memorial 纪念的
3 j) i8 Z- h, m/ p9 }9 o+ |& A  U) e/ `+ t
. I3 w, n4 N/ E" q* A★social与sociable
# e" H+ U! {9 ^# c$ }$ lsocial 社会的' u, F3 d# z% k
sociable 善社交的
9 G5 |# u  N. N; Z& W
3 v' P1 J9 w  k; B1 o; {  J& J; b★childish与childlike; U! O& f$ I# o, Z
childish 幼稚的# c% i$ k6 R8 @
childlike 孩子般的
% q: e2 d+ i) K
( u$ T$ q1 V' D$ I2 t; A, ?★distinct与distinctive
! I  r% R+ U# Q0 u/ J. S- @distinct: clear 明显的, 清晰的  d. \$ l2 g$ @: D& T. w
distinctive: characteristic 独特的, 有区别的8 m' F5 y. K% `) u* R  F4 v( e# H
1 C% o$ r; D- r1 p* P& ^) n) J
★classic与classical$ t3 p  f' X1 g  s4 C# ~$ F6 e% p
classic 一流的
' L' {7 f! l- h. N, G( r+ ^, H7 Wclassical 古典的
, G  c6 B* l4 z8 {: O# I3 G! P
6 s' {9 K; \, f★comprehensible与comprehensive9 F$ x' D! O* `
comprehensible 可理解的
$ E! x4 o4 _* S+ Scomprehensive 全面的, 综合的) X- ?- @$ C4 G3 {% _4 I: _
4 D! K# \2 s3 M' a: _1 C
★disinterested与uninterested& G/ z" a" u- N+ r# w
disinterested 公平的
2 ~4 }; K+ F2 j. v& e+ I. ]) kuninterested 冷淡的
5 r* o+ X: j, a2 y1 \0 S" _, ?4 |' J; u/ R
★earthly与earthy
' g% _& B* V. z6 V& a' F$ Pearthly 人间的, 尘世的) Y7 {$ {3 ?% c2 K* y! [
earthy 泥土似的5 y# L! B! J2 l8 _7 o* O
* G* s% |2 n& N+ @6 ~) q
★effective 有效的
- e7 J# i+ o( l  ^3 Iefficient 有效率的
7 W; _3 v5 l; C- G0 Seffectual 奏效的- W% @4 L( L: q! w5 P* y

; K: F5 m7 n" m" S4 X★exceptionable与exceptionable
. V: S, p* S' D! lexceptionable 反对的8 U+ u1 I- S1 j
exceptionable 非凡的# u' l0 [, P. k

( n2 |* E2 C3 O. p& F★fatal与fateful& X* o2 H# w+ ]1 C( ^. g; g
fatal 致命的% Z+ F/ A8 f8 s" u/ J
fateful 决定性的  i9 u5 Z+ R4 @

1 i% Y$ T, ]0 M9 G0 z1 G★fleshly与fleshy1 i3 t# T9 _+ z7 s  X, ~& h- c% ~
fleshly 肉体的
3 J: i, z" s  ]. Pfleshy 肥胖的
$ V- p4 F! J) s8 V( ~+ |2 ]6 g2 l2 U
★homely与homelike
# c  f( [( Y7 K; `; khomely 家常的, A( L% w# Z/ L* F3 d+ Y
homelike 象家的
& I3 F7 M9 Q1 y3 I( H
3 y  A* R, d, ^. i★im(un)practical与impracticable
" ~2 J6 \* {9 X; b* n- Sim(un)practical 不切合实际的
" q  q7 b; E- R3 d  mimpracticable 无法使用的
' z: w8 E& f& e, C5 j) M
: Y9 ?) }* B( J* Z3 R★ingenious与ingenuous
. W. Y/ w& k8 |ingenious 有独创性的' f- f' U9 D6 t4 p1 J
ingenuous 直率的, 天真的
! d/ y, G% M1 u) `1 c" [6 R9 B9 z  s  A0 J) d: G! \" w
★manly、masculine与male
" E$ G6 Y1 p0 m5 H8 W! Amanly 男人气派的/ E$ R( A+ q: h" [
male 男的' S! c* d3 C0 [
masculine 男性的
# e- p' |) I3 \0 \' ~) m
+ f; l. ]# N/ _/ J★movable与mobile
% R" p* E+ Z1 \$ S. ^movable 可移动的, 变动的' e8 U5 j0 P8 ~( l2 p
mobile 可动的,活动地4 N2 C0 A. Q8 }. E" W: Q
6 m! l5 f7 ]! S# i" A8 E
★mysterious与mystical0 B7 F& o2 W) ?- ~1 x( Q! b9 H4 U
mysterious 神秘的
. M/ d- m8 `: B9 B, c9 m& gmystical 奥妙的
) T8 w. A$ w& S
" `' b  e: `, m; _3 J  Q$ `% u★notable与noted
4 c" X" h: Q4 I  Unotable 著名的(指事)
' L4 \/ X" G8 P: @noted 著名的(指人)3 M/ V% s) o) x% {/ B9 D+ S

  G0 H4 g# p- `8 E★practical与practicable
- O! D. Z. u2 A( tpractical 实际的" x8 o% z9 @" c1 j+ r
practicable 可行的, 通行的
) W6 m9 g4 f, n0 v
( t; N: |3 L' H) A★regretful与regrettable0 C, k( k& q8 C! ?6 q1 q
regretful 遗憾的 (指人)
& @) t: l  U" H7 e- \. Tregrettable 遗憾的 (指事)1 E+ a5 U4 I; H) e( U" Z- ]

) }0 v4 l$ l( T0 M/ Q( W( X★seasonable与seasonal
/ [/ s( {9 U6 fseasonable 及时的! p9 ]! X6 C; g: a
seasonal 季节的+ [1 K7 F- r% h: ?! L

+ p+ }0 }6 b9 ?) R+ n* N★spiritual与spirituous9 M( V! M- v9 e, B9 ], ^
spiritual 精神的+ @2 S" M1 y3 z: q
spirituous 酒精的  S; @3 n1 r+ W
) a$ Y- k0 v( B" m( W* e
★tortuous与torturous
* }- }2 Z# _( B" K( J( dtortuous 弯曲的
$ D& T% q1 u, U; B( l- Itorturous 受刑的
7 [- {5 f" W9 C  O' d$ v
! T# y" O) o; @# g1 V. l★transitory与transient
3 A9 S' o  f' X# C0 V1 q- |transitory 短时间的 (指事)
' [$ d  m9 X3 O$ F% @* Ftransient 瞬时的 (指人)& X, M6 L4 ?6 C# U0 O& Q
+ c( P% Q1 q$ X. z$ ], }
★elementary与elemental! d7 V4 j0 K- m3 n. v  E# |( X$ _
elementary 基本的. T% @9 ?4 g, i/ A3 @& w
elemental 自然的7 k3 {& T0 _7 T) w+ q6 a1 I/ G

- v6 O* \3 \2 v, ^' j★healthy与healthful
( R4 ^! U8 o& Q& T& hhealthy 健康的$ g* h, V0 ?' c
healthful 有易于健康的6 k0 P' X6 {0 E

0 Q+ X' V+ ]* p4 C( ?3 s( G★likely与likable& _5 u0 ~+ P! T( k
likely 可能的
* y8 W1 u' i! f8 `" J4 j4 R# jlikable 可爱的
; i6 e8 e5 G4 e0 p( L+ K$ N* ]) i
, J/ O& \# {3 |6 h" y/ _★desirable与desirous2 i& w+ p4 Q' H  i. N
desirable 合意的
4 F: {3 J* w1 b; h/ N) _+ Wdesirous 渴望的4 C( d4 n2 _: j% h

# Q( L. u4 A9 f  B7 `& t0 s4 O★clean与cleanly
  W+ n- x% J  s8 x. s8 bclean 干净的
" H, Z' |$ a  }- R, z% w$ tcleanly 有干净习惯的 Are cats cleanly animals?
$ f# L, R/ j% u' B0 F7 `. P" [! U$ s6 v2 b% v9 v. S2 p, A# R
★kind与kindly
" R8 b5 T" y0 Q$ ykind 慈善地* _2 J" K; E; C' p' b* I
kindly 友好的,亲切的5 U$ b$ h" ^+ ?8 H
, q1 \1 z/ w8 Y
★temporal与temporary6 X. U) r- |/ {) M1 j3 Q- }
temporal 一时的, 暂时的, 世俗的
$ [0 d" ]1 |6 i* a2 C  n' }/ ptemporary 暂时的, 临时的
All the art of living lies in a fine mingling of letting go and holding on

一些易理解错的复合词汇

American cloth 做台布用的彩色防水布
0 h+ S, _* [  f5 DAmerican plan 旅馆之供膳制
# `6 ?3 K  |( e2 \0 NBritish warm 英国军官穿的双排钮扣的短大衣- y; Q8 L* m8 ~, j
Dutch comfort 退一步着想而得到的安慰, t1 H. {" Y+ d9 H7 M1 Z8 n1 I9 }% l
Dutch courage 酒后之勇,一时的虚勇
' b* ]8 P) M# H" ?# p, M/ gDutch door 上下两部分可各自分别开关的门;杂志中的夹页广告1 R% n* c' @% A4 u1 i& h
Dutch treat 各人自己付钱的聚餐或娱乐! E4 A$ T- e+ m. S8 f6 \$ ~  Y
Dutch uncle 啼啼叨叨训人的人$ q. i9 d+ p; n3 H
Dutch wife 藤或竹制的睡眠用具
3 a" Z1 X% D( @4 H2 OFrench leave 不告而别
" w; Q+ b  R2 w1 L$ {French chalk 滑石粉/ A% c1 m& N6 {9 m2 |
French dressing 一种由橄榄油,醋、盐,香料等制成的生菜调味品" k" f" C% x. H% W9 r4 m1 z8 Z
French grey 浅灰色
7 @# H) R& D3 z# w  Z; xFrench window 落地长窗
) O/ x+ [1 z6 |2 RGerman measles 风疹- J4 C( Y1 \) _: v
German shepherd 牧羊犬,狼犬
* X& T3 o2 m2 H- P% a9 `Indian meal 玉米粉
0 t' H% W) \5 n2 TIndian summer 小阳春;愉快宁静的晚年- i1 E  z+ m9 W% i  r* Z- J
Indian weed 烟草
& B$ ~8 N) y" Y$ q' n, JItalian hand 暗中干预& N, u' d# }  P5 I
Italian iron 圆筒形熨斗1 U( c8 f/ n( a3 n4 U2 t+ I
Russian Blue 瘦长。大耳的毛色蓝灰的猫, q1 r% @. Y+ m8 l, S
Russian blue 蓝灰色,浅蓝色" t9 ~. T3 t! }( H4 U
Russian boot 长统靴0 ?+ K* @* c- p. c- H7 j* s7 I
Russian dressing 加辣酱油的蛋黄酱(种色拉佐料)' C) u2 W3 {% }6 F) o. [- G. W
Russian olive 沙枣
$ U  m) y( @9 T+ pSpanish athlete 吹牛的人
0 e% |$ H( S8 a' H! nSpanish bayonet 丝兰属植物;条千手兰
# N3 z  g4 U: i2 lTurkish delight 拌砂软糖
: h: I$ L, K3 C, l值得一提的是许多由"China","Chinese"与其它名词一道构成的复合词,如:2 @- m# B; ~- J! j! o, W
China aster 翠菊0 L/ g0 v# E+ d  h9 K& L5 p; [
China berry 株树
8 R, W# N: r& |9 J  g# L4 \China grass 芒麻. j; S  d( A/ e" H0 F
China ink 墨
; `8 M( \0 z$ u7 d# L9 VChina orange 橙! q/ R$ _- h( N& f' ]/ M' h
China plate 好友4 Y) Z2 P! S) k/ w7 C# n
China rose 月季
" q7 o8 l+ x' ]9 |+ x( ?China stone 做瓷器的矿物(如瓷土或白墩子)& D5 `  E2 U" s1 m
Chinese calendar 农历
& C. Q' S* m; O  M5 V- P* \Chinese copy 与原物一模一样的复制品7 |) p& W- c3 }( {
Chinese dragon 腆磷/ t5 x, d% r6 L6 c* e# u
Chinese lantern 灯笼
4 n: K& S4 s* HChinese puzzle 难答之事,难解之谜, P  z! o2 R5 F& T8 Z& ^) i
Chinese red 朱红色,橘红色
) P1 S- y! A% H. c$ U" _Chinese Wall 长城" E/ z* p( t) |7 ^3 Q, N: S9 |2 H
Chinese watermelon 冬瓜
/ B* Y" S$ K6 v9 ~  D9 v! oChinese wisteria 紫藤% i) ]0 P/ q- p$ r$ {
Chinese wood oil 桐油
All the art of living lies in a fine mingling of letting go and holding on

生态学词汇总结

absolute reproductive value绝对生殖值9 }5 i# n& ?: \& S6 P
abundance 多度# k7 y+ N$ J; h4 A0 H: F) {- M
abyssal zone 深海带; r3 j' ^1 [$ ^* m  x! ~* Q
acclimation 驯化
0 d( n( U, {; E7 Y% R# jaccumulation horizon 淀积层
$ Q' t) e( |* W0 paestivation 夏眠9 j4 @0 H7 o1 Y- M$ @9 }
age structure 年龄结构: r# i0 \3 J( |) C( k- V
age-specific life table 特定年龄生命表: J  U0 _: F( N5 S) ], q% c( E3 v$ n
agroecosystem 农业生态系统
; ^1 E$ t7 e( X* q0 ?7 Xalleles 等位基因
/ Z. P3 q" z0 Vallelochemic 异种信息素/种间外激素
2 t8 B" f# b$ A; O9 G0 wAllen’s rule 阿伦法则
% _1 V3 l/ E9 e/ ~6 Gallogenic succession 异发演替
' a& G' j* |/ H& _( _1 p7 y( K6 Rallopatric speciation 异域性物种$ W6 C/ t: z  \  B8 ]7 }
altruism 利他行为
7 P4 m3 n4 {" W. K) V4 S+ B" x5 G, dasexual reproduction 无性生殖
- m( N4 {7 {2 _association group 群丛组, K& K) {3 A7 |
association table 群丛表
; I) a9 O3 M- p& O3 `& _association unit theory 群丛单位理论
2 G: x" s& o& Zassociation 群丛
8 P2 N  h7 E8 e0 t2 z% D( Aassociations 群丛
! `/ _* g: C# ~# R7 jAutecology 个体生态学
4 g& m1 s, g% Y' Jautogenic succession 自发演替+ f6 `/ A# h6 q/ ~
autotrophs 自养生物( t" C( Y& U/ v/ p# B- d
Acid precipitation 酸沉降% e/ Z& K& Y! L& l
Acid rain 酸雨
; F  U" d+ |6 W' S" t& QAgricultural eco-engineering 农业生态工程: d) `( t" \% J& i5 a( Y
Agricultural ecology, agroecology 农业生态学' y' |2 U/ B( {: g) n/ s, b  Q6 ~) y
Agricultural economical zoning 农业经济区位
0 d3 }) _; n1 B- w3 N$ ~$ V; K+ F
Agricultural resources 农业资源
0 ?. w# A" [; a) A8 N- SAgroecosystem 农业生态系统
. l& c" }( ?7 Q" bAgroforestry 农林业系统
) C% |7 |; V0 C# X+ UAllee’s principle 阿利氏群聚原则
0 {) M  x2 l# }8 X) u% K6 jAllelochemicals 化感物质3 i2 O& F1 G4 v* |- K  |4 z
Allelopathy 化感作用
+ d% L1 m8 f( x- O- s( Y1 Z8 ?8 JArtificial auxiliary energy 人工辅助能  {0 R+ E' f. K8 p
Artificial direct regulation 人工直接调控
9 E3 r" }. [3 l, B) A  X8 BArtificial information flow 人工信息流
! X1 s! d5 ], _% R& k" V: QAuxiliary energy 辅助能
& O6 g+ C2 V; d# B/ ~) xbalancing selection hypothesize 平衡说, f, `, j- L3 D. W
basal area 底面积
& M7 A4 B; J! Z! q! D# vBergman’s rule 贝格曼规律# k% ?0 ?6 ]) O; J; X
bethal zone 半深海带
! j5 v2 k, z) |biocoenosis 生物群落6 o! x: `2 h7 d( D9 F0 H
bioconcentration 生物浓缩
  s+ e3 u6 D8 Z  A/ @biological enrichment 生物富集
& |5 d$ @$ D0 ]/ obiomagnification 生物放大' K( v6 Z, e9 m: n# K! f& \, e
biomass 生物量
0 E. g4 @& L3 F. ?& }- n# ~biome 生物带
' y/ k/ Z8 Y; ^2 Z2 S" E+ f5 z+ ]bionomic strategy 生态对策( _* E8 y/ _1 |
biosphere生物圈
/ \! \, W9 S* ?& @Biodynamic agriculture 生物动力农业8 P( Q+ F9 T1 N5 {; V$ i# r, v
Biogecochemical cycle 生物地球化学循环
5 O- G2 j) X7 J. Q9 e4 g8 yBiological agriculture 生物农业
2 X# Y7 u7 O+ b% y0 o4 |Biological control 生物防治1 A3 o+ K8 I  [% G3 U
Biological energy subsidies 生物辅助能5 d& `% f* i0 y) T' c0 r3 J* Q' X% ?
Biological oxygen demand (BOD) 生化需氧量(生化耗氧量)
$ }/ J( h( w8 u; D6 FBiomass 生物量4 s2 g9 h7 _% T: y# x
Bionomic strategies 生态对策/ f  M9 _" F; [/ z9 x6 h/ n4 j
Biological micro-cycle 生物小循环! A9 d% H% g; p( h) @/ d
bottle neck 瓶颈
' X$ u5 D9 p* \: m- \$ }  T2 HC3 plant C3植物3 e$ I9 \% R9 ^( |; |! ]
C4 plant C4 植物7 N: t) L' T4 ]* f. H
CAM plant CAM植物) o" V+ N/ J: Y; {( F) T
Capital flow 资金流
: M0 f0 h* V3 o- W, lCarrying capacity 环境容纳量
! R! \' b; g) B1 X$ {Chemical ecology 化学生态学( S0 E" H. p/ `! Z, t% R6 U! h+ m
Chemical oxygen demand (COD) 化学耗氧量3 W/ P& T+ i/ S3 U9 @+ S
Chinese Ecological Agriculture 中国生态农业
* [6 c" f2 n1 v7 c: p; g( `Climax 顶极群落- J6 C3 J+ e. C: }% T+ }5 X) v1 B
Coase’s theory 高斯理论
3 W- s0 S% K/ L8 |3 qCoevolution 协同进化
; X7 r/ A! v% R$ }5 L6 p3 `& pCommensalisms 偏利作用9 D: @6 m, K5 L* j# @
Community 群落
7 H6 X8 ]) x: \4 C" Q3 I  \4 `Competition 竞争
: @; J$ v8 c7 e/ o3 @# D$ ACompetition exclusion principle 竞争排斥原理* ]' b8 `" Q& T, h& ~1 D
Components structure 组分结构2 S, X, N! s2 e0 y. {2 Y
Controlled availability fertilizers, CAFs 控效肥料. Q9 r# h0 ?* p4 Z
Crop productivity potential 作物生产潜力3 {$ G% i9 K$ _# w9 S! x( @2 j
cannibalism 同种相食
  I) d% J/ J) g1 B9 gcarnivores 食肉动物3 A. J) @7 `  }+ U0 y  i. T/ b
carring capacity 负荷量( i  V( y0 s: V$ C" a0 @
catastrophic 灾难性因素2 {. y( `2 V9 h0 _- |& S
chamaephytes(Ch) 地上芽植物
0 ^( f; N$ ]  D/ ]/ J1 f; Vcharacter displacement 特征替代( m: M, F/ b& O2 u0 }' o* q; w- u5 ?
cheliophytes 阴性植物
$ p" F  f4 v/ y" m# u/ f5 \: sclimate climax 气候顶级
. ^8 j3 X5 B9 a# [, Qclimate school 气候学派
6 P  j9 J6 I8 e; |climax community 顶级群落( M/ ]/ F% P; W8 X) w
climax 顶级群落9 I/ I* r( m/ v
cline 渐变群6 l7 ^: _2 u9 J0 E) ^  j& V
closed community 封闭群落! I  Y5 M3 c3 W" O; f+ Q6 B
clumped 集群分布6 b; \$ ]$ R$ G" M$ h1 |
coadapted system 协同适应系统
$ {" b, A% o0 g  z) ~) h2 U, z+ Bcoarse grained 粗粒性分布& d! ^! N: i4 U# W. b. A) n0 a
co-dynamics 相互动态
  V0 S5 d1 t. G, A9 [co-evolution 协同进化0 |6 S7 q, s" L$ u9 Z
cohort 同生群1 I; r% f6 I% U- }1 \
cold desert 冷荒漠0 z! z. y5 b* W  m+ J' v1 _
colonization 定居, 建群
) `7 n' L" k# C4 o. icoloration 色泽
; V& N9 W6 s* Y* O# \3 `, ucommunities in littoral zone 沿岸生物群落
" O3 E' _/ A. E% t; _7 kcommunities in the limnetic zone 湖沼带生物群落5 |  t3 [- H- g; A. U. d
communities in the profundal zone 深水带生物群落) N, a% B* X2 q5 H' b& F+ X
Community ecology 群落生态学9 L0 J# Y- Z- T. y
community matrix 群落矩阵9 }6 \8 B: T0 X. n
community organization 群落组织
$ M; e9 M- f9 n$ rcommunity 群落
, @# V4 S" ~1 v$ o% J, L& `0 Ycompanion species 伴生种
# l: D2 f3 R+ t- h) ~compen-satory predation 补偿性捕食
1 V& r* Y! }  W! `  n3 acompetition coefficient 竞争系数
3 m% E& k9 c4 T5 z- a+ p, Zcompetition hypothesis 竞争假说& m; a, T; Z/ e
competitive exclusion 竞争排除
7 A4 o' O- b  ocompetive lottery 抽彩式竞争
. X' `3 O2 @2 R% ^" vconservation 保守主义者7 a3 @  Y4 \. ~3 o% @1 k+ j
conspicuousness 显著度) L$ e% F- D. ?+ `* `* V
constancy 恒有度7 z3 u# y! s7 H
contest competition 干扰竞争
, Z% f% @5 U# mcontest type of competition 争夺型竞争2 a$ {; @+ w, a
continental rise 大陆隆
2 y- S: q0 ~: ~5 u  Pcontinental shelf 大陆架
0 B6 I$ d9 {) N6 m. R1 r5 acontinental slope 大陆坡
7 P' W1 F: k9 n) C& }) Lconvergent adaptation 趋同适应
8 Q  z( s1 u  ~* n5 ^% jconvergent oscillation 趋同波动& F; N! u% l; E+ \: E) U$ P
cost of gene recombination 基因重组价. {, u# w) k5 r' m+ c6 G
cost of mating 交配价, ]9 d" e: @1 v- G5 v, T( c4 L
cost of meiosis 减数分裂价
( Q% X7 Z7 o( ^' U. }4 A3 Zcourtship behavior 求偶行为
+ L8 `. ?- T0 M! r) ?coverage 盖度
+ s2 Z* _7 [% w" Y. K; T) tcrude density 原始密度
5 i4 K& d" K5 u9 q  Pcryptophytes(Cr) 隐芽植物, O" {7 [* j9 r1 J6 _
Decomposer 分解者- d$ e% ^. I" t  t, R1 _
Desertification 土地沙漠化
( W/ k. C/ X! h) h2 @2 d& TDetritus food chain 腐食食物链
5 P; G& F4 y  |4 @6 Odecomposition 分解作用0 x7 E: [8 G# x4 Z8 |) S
delayed density dependence 延后密度制约  H/ _2 g! I8 s8 y# Y7 K# N6 ^
density effect 密度效应
% T  i" o5 @% C4 G# ddensity ratio 密度比
" h% [  O" Z3 n6 \- h# X3 V; B8 ndensity-dependent 密度制约) j& x, u" n$ A4 M/ i8 [
density-independent 非密度制约3 O" f' d* ~( j
deterministic model 决定模型- |, B; C- G, u% a, A1 U
detrial food chain 碎 食物链  V7 y9 L1 w: x) v. C. a. m
detritus feeder 食碎生物8 ?# S: j4 _( |3 H
development 发育
9 Y! F" {1 c/ g: |. d5 E7 xdiagrammatic life table 图解式生命表6 i& A0 i, Q" O( U
diapause 滞育. w% U+ K6 d$ g# }# [( u4 ^3 {
differential species 区别种
' d& D4 _2 k& g' V9 V& \8 [8 N, y. wdiffuse competition 分散竞争1 b, t) I% O, _% |5 O
diominant-submissive 支配—从属
6 u6 }' M( Z! S: f7 Ldirectional selection 定向选择
" _2 v0 ^6 N. K$ L/ @/ j5 X) t8 vdiscrete generation 离散世代 2 v' p  Q1 c5 {. O# ?) ]
disruptive selection 分裂选择* A- z% h  z, @! `7 p
disturbance climax/disclimax 偏途顶级9 c  q: u6 r7 l
divergent oscillation 趋异波动
0 o9 o% S2 u9 H& d, Tdominance 优势度
. R* d. ~1 E8 w( Y% Adominant species 建群种" w* Q) O% t& w+ b2 E% ~  I
dominant species 优势种8 W1 U$ C1 E1 B6 u6 q$ L8 Q9 i
dominant-submissive 支配—从属关系
& U( o8 e- D0 A# e9 ddry desert 干荒漠
. M6 R0 d3 O1 ^5 Fdynamic classification 动态分类系统
; x5 n' n' Z  s" U  x- b. jdynamic life table 动态生命表
; h+ |  y. `2 b, H$ a# qdynamic-composite life table 动态混合生命表
1 h, T7 M" p; v$ l; p) O) e' A  c" b3 Rearth nucleus 地幔
- _3 ~! r& U0 L: Rearth’s crust 地核
- t7 s8 Z7 s6 b# u3 @9 y$ IEcological amplitude 生态幅0 S& p8 d+ d# G; B" @
ecological density 生态密度9 r  O, F3 g# w9 ^9 J
ecological dominance 生态优势$ T7 J1 N3 H' W7 E8 d8 S
ecological environment 生态环境
0 i5 V0 v! A9 i% g% x) m1 Tecological equivalent 生态等值种3 Z) d  A1 m( K% O
ecological factor 生态因子) z$ B7 v9 I6 [8 k4 a' @
ecological force 生态力
& N3 Y" R$ W: Z# ~) U5 {" L( hecological invasion 生态入侵* C1 |+ G" M/ q* u, b/ N
ecological natality 生态出生率, O: Y" D4 H8 D4 l
ecological release 生态释放
8 [: d( D" v! e- U" D" jEcology生态学7 H* H8 y6 v! Z! k
ecosystem development 生态系统的发育& d0 v+ g8 G! |7 y4 J1 |
Ecosystem ecology 生态系统生态学
  O' m4 i: V* \. V! ]' jecosystem 生态系统
4 u, d/ D! I$ g9 cecotone hypothesis 生态交错带假说
4 r% c% `# a+ j7 oecotype 生态型
4 q6 ?5 q( s8 f8 Z, c+ dectotherm 外温动物
9 {3 I% r5 W0 R5 n9 Ledge effect 边缘效应% K2 O4 S. F& H+ U
eitolation phenomenon 黄化现象4 ~) X6 ]# ?. M3 _
emergy 能值- w0 w7 g" z. `! C+ J- b
emigration 迁出
0 g( E0 b% n1 xendogenous migration 内因性迁移% u# \' _* h* E7 d
endotherm 内温动物
  ]1 y8 u$ G  @1 H8 e* Senvironment hormone 环境激素  R% O: V# x% i
environment 环境
6 O3 c  I' o: o% C0 x8 [equilibrium theory 平衡理论8 _) J- H- q: b) _
euphotic zone 透光带
2 r! t' x7 P( D* v+ U" K  Eeuryecious 广栖的
4 F3 Z7 A$ d) D8 K8 U- @euryhaline 广盐性的  J& d6 C! s/ K! a
euryhydric 广水性的8 H$ U, y* B- {/ v% z
euryphagic 广食性的8 H4 r) e1 [7 g3 ^
eurythermal 广温性的
2 V' x" Y% M, O' [  `( reurytopic species 广适种# m" b/ g( u+ U* W( h* E. R
eutrophication 富营养化
( Y/ t2 H1 b* oevergreen hardwood forest 常绿硬材林" l# H" Y. v$ ~- l! x! T- O
Evolution ecology 进化生态学
( a  S7 p; N( Cevolution force 进化力
; E# A. ~9 Y4 H2 k$ ~exogenous migration 外因性迁移
/ `* x% g% m6 yexploitive competition 利用竞争
6 c- b& ?" Q# g0 M  r+ O* pexponetial growth 指数增长1 N+ T) ]% b$ @$ S1 b. n# |) q8 A' }
Eco-economical zoning 生态经济区位( L, {" Z2 B! S/ V/ P. X
Ecological agriculture 生态农业
, [$ a+ V9 t# HEcological agriculture model (pattern) 生态农业模式9 i+ y1 z2 S) |
Ecological density 生态密度/ T5 l# G3 {- ^2 c! l; O
Ecological effect 生态效益
0 O8 \1 x4 L  P" _4 c( a9 nEcological efficiency 生态效率2 M4 f3 j: Z4 g: G: _8 G4 W5 `
Ecological factor 生态因子
  p) E/ W3 _5 Q4 d& O  OEcological engineering 生态工程- C2 \( v& ^# u* X4 N
Ecological pyramid 生态金字塔(生态锥体)! [2 f. P  O+ o8 s3 I3 L
Ecological succession 演替
) g# X2 R. x1 dEcological sustainability 生态持续性, e4 I  }8 @& t. x7 ?) }# z; ]
Ecology 生态学
- {6 d7 N$ R% L  ?Economic effect 经济效益
  p# M; n3 U6 |# \Economic externality 经济外部性2 z# a" |* h. g8 ]/ a) L' N
Ecosystem 生态系统
( Y: E5 x- i) B' `4 n% D1 J, |Ecotone 群落交错区(生态交错区)2 B- C8 Y1 j! R$ H
Ecotope 景观元素(生态点)
+ t, ^" D) A% `  Z# nEcotype 生态型; }8 a+ Z0 [- L0 E* |" Q% N
Edge effect 边缘效应7 Y2 [3 o& l5 }
Embodied energy 内含能
0 j# \6 h5 K: n6 CEmergent property of system 系统的整合特性
* N$ Z. O+ p* ^3 x2 Y5 W) GEnergy 能值+ m# }0 D) ^- o8 _" p
Energy analysis 能流分析
7 |9 c: t! `5 r8 t( {9 ^, o7 jEnergy flow chart 能流图- x$ i3 T. Y. E9 _+ i
Energy flow path 能流路径4 K! H2 J% Z4 a$ S5 V
Energy flow structure 能流结构
  z5 k6 J3 s$ ^4 zEnergy flowing 能量流& e  Y" V  E) W9 W
Entropy 熵3 g! C# h/ L$ y9 m! z* i
Eutrophication 富营养化
0 O8 A+ ?. t. U: o2 P1 Q; sExponential growth form 种群指数增长模式
6 J  j' p+ i& {/ a; t& y1 dExternal benefit 收益外泄
# T+ t+ `1 w# zExternal cost 成本外摊9 I& K" {. U8 @# A- V& y, I. k
Feed back 反馈作用% M4 a# X( g0 o  d/ {3 A% v
First law of thermodynamics 热力学第一定律
  g" x* D; v" i, u, bFish pond-dike system 基塘系统
( c" `* k% e5 Y5 I- _Flow 流
. J6 R0 b% q4 ^  h# ?Food chain 食物链# i) p2 T* s# f
Food chain structure 食物链结构! c' A  d, Z2 q0 P
Food web 食物网
! U/ o0 O" y/ B5 sFree energy 自由能) m6 V) y% |2 s( q3 m0 x
First law of resources economic资源经济学第一定律& ]' @: r4 P8 k1 z% L& F, n
Functional component adundence 功能组分冗余
7 A- s1 t* _0 Nfacultative parthenogenesis 孤雌生殖/ ?8 A: S( w% _* j; }
facultative parthenogenesis 兼性孤雌生殖& o+ e; _' p* A8 L% ^: a! |
facultative 兼性因素
7 Y) O4 L9 M' I" hfamily selection 家庭选择$ X0 a6 E" k; j, ]& h" L. p4 T1 a* h
farmland ecosystem 农田生态系统
, n2 L& P& l* B% `fecundity schedule 生育力表5 v/ f  x5 }" H- e
fecundity 生育力
* m( @, }- M; s" rfeedback 反馈* T' z2 }' h! L# m$ ~
feeding niches 取食生态位
0 L# [* ~& O) }4 w" Kfilter food 滤食性生物/ X# s) w6 O5 i
fine grained 细粒性分布- s' a; \% R: b# V3 {& s8 g
finite rate of increase 周限增长率
% v; J; w/ i! G" k7 Q  Hfitness 合适度( y& t, K# u4 t) v9 [$ G
floristic-structural classification 植物区系—结构分类系统
" r6 v) T2 m! q: j# efluctuation 波动
& M* @7 D' Q1 O6 y6 P2 rfood chain 食物链
( t* t- A- n# k7 p2 ~4 I" `: T! Q9 e# iformation group 群系组
$ n$ f" d- f1 g6 U8 c; B* Kformation 群系, _# I4 P$ ~8 @( f) ^" z
formation 植物群系
4 d0 T1 Z) k9 c, Q8 }! kfoundational niche 基础生态龛- o. z# q) Q9 V& t+ o
freshwater ecology 淡水生态学+ k; S9 {% L0 M& S5 S- A" J
freshwater ecosystem 淡水生态系统: q! k! l/ ~8 ?5 d2 [, q) ?
function response 功能反应
1 O& L! H& @& q8 ]7 R9 fgamete selection 配子选择
. P  b3 n/ i8 z& l; Igaps 缺口7 |1 f  }- U; a  @  o3 D
gaseous cycle 气体循环
8 P1 Q8 Q) k& e6 f8 b3 k% d4 hgeng pool 基因库
) B9 P6 x# g9 {) {. P, h0 wgeographic variation 地理变异
5 A' w9 R( [  b* sgeographical theory of speciation 物种形成
4 b9 G( }6 f4 Q4 E# ngeometric growth 几何级数增长
4 b1 \; d3 s" ^! X6 cgeophytes(G) 地下芽植物
* S/ F) c( E  S8 E9 f8 t2 Aglobal ecology 全球生态2 X: V# c/ i" L4 ]+ g: r
gradient hypothesis 梯度假说
" x* p* Y) M4 q3 Z( A: b( Wgrain 粒性) L7 ~1 b3 g  F; y% b2 [
grazer 牧食生物+ Q: E; `8 s& ?
grazing food chain 捕食食物链  s8 V7 M2 a+ l+ Z6 Z' E! s
greenhouse effect 温室效应
# Z4 l! m# }7 Q7 ogregarization pheromone 聚集信息素7 P% R0 z1 U" Q, _
gross primary production 总初级生产力0 }0 L3 G1 Q5 C" |8 a' I  a
group selection 群体选择
0 l+ E9 j' K- k9 M3 Qgroup selection 群体选择9 t- b9 Y6 [: D# @
group selection 群选择
. R& T  o6 F; K% lgrowth form 生长型
, r; u: {0 F* q$ k3 sguild 同资源团- P0 m: u# g. t/ ?/ s& n
habal zone 深渊带* b" O- p/ t! D& d7 ?+ |4 P
habitat 生境8 h! b" |8 G# M9 y3 f( V) u
heath 石楠群丛0 p$ w2 P1 U1 v1 ]
height 高度
. h3 E! F0 u2 w& F4 T) f+ Lhemicryptophytes(He) 地面芽植物
. ]6 N5 T( ?# P. X& ?$ i5 Zherbivore 植食
* p$ `$ Q* ~4 }, ~8 L6 dherbivores 植食动物3 w: ?' R/ o9 R# z5 U( L. D
heterotrophic succession 异养演替
1 ?6 S  E7 X' s+ T2 N; q5 y$ Rheterotrophs 异养生物
  P- m! ~0 r( x6 ehibernation 冬眠/ J( a% _' u4 [" G) X% f
homeostasis 内稳态2 s- ~* _; l3 G; M+ L2 }1 H# e* C
homeostasis 自调节稳态+ V8 W- y1 t) @  A
homeostatic organism 内稳态生物, n0 p! i' s3 F9 U0 I6 X; E
homeostatic process 内稳定过程4 d# }# p0 K* {' d8 G' f
human demography 人口统计学
$ `; y2 ]* E: ^+ y, D8 THuman ecology 人类生态学, R) [6 x) ?( R
humus 腐殖质& ~) n2 @1 ~* N. |% ?( Z6 b
hydrarch succession 水生演替: G  i8 j/ b% a  g: v! D
hydrosere 水生演替系列
+ q) a9 u- [  G5 a# i5 ]. A; Pimmigration 迁入) K: D6 M4 r% _* s- D0 z
importance value 重要值
  r! V4 C' u( F( M5 z* hindividual converse rate 个体转化率
. U+ m8 r* ]" s, D: m9 iindustrial melanism 工业黑化现象$ f1 s7 W; R# D3 C8 [. Y
inner capacity increase 内禀增长力
+ U  |2 @; B0 C3 V$ ninner-environment 内环境
* f- C+ ]7 z$ i3 a- Y7 ]. Finstantaneous rate of increase 瞬间增长率1 \) t0 X) ~; f: B  o6 [3 k
intensity 强度
& x, e3 f8 V: `  |1 q: Jinterference competition 干扰竞争# \! l8 G: A# K' g" E
interference competition 干扰竞争
% ]" v; s% p" Gintermediate disturbance hypothesis 中度干扰假说
3 a/ x% Q/ S5 B( k, e8 pinternal distribution pattern 内分布型3 I" L8 [* `* U3 ?
interspecfic relationship 种间关系
5 j. N) R- h( J2 ?6 E, ~! Eintertidal zone 潮间带
; P+ k2 Y7 y5 I- Y! A2 p. l, zintraspecific relationship 种内关系: i1 Y6 J0 r- d& u' g6 L* K
inversely density dependent 反密度制约3 m, U( p' T) A
Island ecology 岛屿生态学3 Y" Y, I0 Q$ k  Z. m6 m$ E
iteroparity 多次繁殖生物
$ p+ c5 X2 u3 f, n: j! U% A/ S" fiteroparous 多次生殖6 b; ~  a& {1 c% ^$ u
Jordan’s rule 约丹定律
' B% Q& n  S. z+ G; P( C0 {* A4 ikeystone species 关键种
$ Z. ]1 p- B6 n& u( ]kin selection 亲属选择5 p4 s( F, ~4 m5 d& ?
kin selection 亲属选择
# E8 y; c( y& T8 L, L, [k-strategists k-策略者
7 B3 w6 G: C5 _land cover 土地覆盖
8 ~. T  O. d$ \. {" cland use 土地利用5 a  C4 L2 a4 ~$ I0 H
Landscape ecology 景观生态学0 h! }; `# ^4 m( f* g2 l
law of constant final yield 最后产量衡值法则
" ?% ^. r; @: a: M, Claw of the minimum 最小因子法则: {6 w7 y9 Q( b; \3 S' [5 j* d
law of tolerance 耐受性法则4 \. v/ Y) e- `( u1 D
layer 层
4 r: p& O) s; H/ {, D- ~leached layer 淋溶层
* g3 H1 k! X2 v2 Vleaf area index 叶面积指数4 `, J1 D/ M7 d6 R, \
leaf area index(LAS) 叶面积指数5 H' ]* F! u: A  Z
lentic ecosystem 静水生态系统
# |  D$ a  u( Q6 Blife cycle 生活周期# I1 X& e4 B+ K7 z" ~( {7 s
life expectancy 生命期望
- C# w: q& K, k9 elife form spectrum 生活型谱
6 R! Q6 M! ?8 i6 i, Mlife form 生活型
" A2 v. T$ D. s2 p" jlife history strategy 生活史对策. f# d4 M, Q# D/ A1 P
life history 生活史6 W* H# H) z3 A: a4 ]0 O* M
lifespan 生活年限
3 w. G5 ?% q2 K5 m' Q' l6 \6 Ulifetime 寿命. E, S4 [3 }- v# n5 x
limit of tolerance 忍受性限度) p4 C$ j% d) g+ e$ w4 B
littoral zone 沿岸带
! r3 k9 v# Z- N# A. o, E& Tlotic ecosystem 流水生态系统
! U/ p" v- O; V  w: _macroclimate 大气候8 N/ f" Q$ b! E; n# [7 T5 e
macrofauna 大型生物/ [+ G( x0 j( b; T! a1 [
Marine ecology 海洋生态学
% e  }! i% s  Y3 t2 c* W" Q8 mmarine ecosystem 海洋生态系统
/ D. d( L/ @% n) Z& }$ R6 q$ bmaximum natality 最大出生率
2 ^$ L/ I: p7 L# t0 Nmaximum sustained yield 最大持续生产量
  p- _" |* N' |3 j% c- T1 Rmegafauna 巨型生物
" {" x1 F3 \$ ~; imexofauna 中型生物
$ \* e! `% [; R+ d9 Kmicroclimate 小气候
* c6 G0 a$ Z5 ]% q/ S4 V0 L5 B1 hmicrocolony 微菌落
' W2 @. Y3 N! b$ `microcommunities 小群落
) [1 q" @* a  s: ~( R& Kmicro-ecosystem 微生态系统6 f! ~3 G% a' C/ v9 Y
micro-environment 微环境. z7 I0 [, A5 p; l( u) E
microfauna 小型生物4 W( Q% ~$ g" ]! K- _
microplankton 小型浮游生物
. U2 @# v" S% e! \# r% L) kmigration 迁徙
( R6 T' K/ n7 N0 I, vmigration 迁移# I( q1 T; C, d
modular organism 构件生物5 e2 Q- K1 L* M+ T) q
modules 构件% q, w$ S! E- o1 ^/ ]6 n
Molecular ecology 分子生态学
3 t. z4 X0 D) emonoclimax theory 单元演替顶级
7 }. q% Z! t; cmonocultute 单种养殖
1 Q5 [5 {. \: y3 N( `: R/ Dmonogamy 单配偶制
2 F' ]! w1 M! T  w$ U% ]monpohagous 单食性
3 W; v, g) T& f" M6 I9 a# Mmonsoon forest 季风林) C4 {4 V& K7 ~" O! R; z* M* A4 Z  s
mortality curve 死亡曲线
5 f0 \( N/ D! z2 q% fmortality 死亡率
3 h  g( ^. [. I4 y  u/ ^mosaic 镶嵌性- f" H1 L/ Q( M! d' H6 ~7 R: m
natality 出生率
* k# O. _$ D9 C: X( pn-dimensional niche n维生态龛
$ Q- O$ v6 R+ {( q' J7 mnegative feedback 负反馈( \  A4 ^2 H! W  @4 U! E
net primary production(GP) 净初级生产力
5 Z/ W! p$ w9 t2 Q3 [2 Fneutrality controversy 中性说论战
8 y( O) u0 ^, w) a( j3 Gniche compression 生态位压缩
3 a4 B# o& }! M! i4 _3 _4 [niche separation 生态位分离6 ?. B. z  c& I
niche shift 生态位分离
9 `% B' n4 f" w7 ~+ Q. }- R( W& Z$ Hniche 生态位
, Y6 i  T7 K+ q8 r/ E1 J; g' [1 }' Dnon-equilibrium theory 非平衡理论$ f/ }! L$ i/ j0 K
non-homeostatic organism 非内稳态生物
# g2 o& `' j  X- t: Bobiotic component 非生物成分
/ |* x  f  u  M# G) Nocean-current 洋流
- N; i0 o0 c# |( w; T, lohort life table 同群生命表) H* ^  E5 d+ c* t7 K6 ]( S
omnivores 杂食动物
% G/ \3 b) {9 E- I! Sopen community 开放群落
& y! x  k7 c/ O: y/ Popen shrublands 稀疏灌丛
% R; |# p! v" f! ]. Eopportunist 机会主义者! q3 |  j) w7 {% p, A) p' ]
ordination 排序
9 u2 l) j! J/ J, n4 @; gornamentation 修饰
5 v( H/ u. v! A! j8 {panclimax 泛顶级% T& {0 M7 o: k3 D" n2 j% p' G
pantropical 泛热带区3 r, u: d) w* d. J  A- X) ~8 o
parabiosphere 副生物圈
+ @. H. ~: l6 h) w* ?) \4 yparasites 寄生生物! J! K9 K( z0 Y8 w& H6 u: @
parasitoidism 拟寄生
  `8 s6 Q& L3 Y1 e  t" Hparent material 母质层' ]6 n# c( T8 m# x, H, @. |; I4 U
parental care 亲代关怀
/ o" N0 p' t6 q3 H# E+ R; d! Eparental investment 亲本投资3 ^1 U/ o* y/ p; |
patchiness 斑块性$ y' y& o- C0 U# t' q' T8 ?
per capita growth rate 每员增长率; Z$ K1 K3 M8 I6 X6 p* q# q- n
perclimax 前顶级& |- p5 K/ r/ L  A
peritrophic mycorrhizae 周边营养性菌根
# B4 g" {/ `" z- bphanerophytes(Ph) 高位芽植物7 E* _$ B+ e4 a# a7 y
phenotype 表现型% S* R8 x7 Z9 j
photoperiodism 光周期现象3 r1 h8 ?+ b+ K
phyplankton 浮游植物
. P7 k) e  {6 [6 g. Ephysiognomy 外貌* N* b9 r  ^$ o' a' c5 m
Physiological ecology 生理生态学! j( `9 \# R6 E) U- t) Q5 A
physiological natality 生理出生率! e  ]8 G/ @: }5 `; W% p) _
phytochrom 色素
2 J, F% C0 a, B' z7 K" N: zpioneer community 先锋群落
  x4 x3 X9 P8 kpjarapatric speciation 邻域性物种9 j) J8 |5 I: P/ `0 V7 v; @$ ?
plankon 浮游生物
7 s$ c# ~( b+ v# v2 Y; ?Poission distribution 泊松分布
1 V9 f. b) q' H2 cpolyandry 一雌多雄制
  ?: {, o0 A9 h& p; Jpolyclimax theory 多元顶级理论
0 \% r- o& Q4 t+ Ppolygamy 多配偶制
( e* g$ _- t/ z$ L7 t2 ^polygyny 一雄多雌制
9 M( B9 T% \8 N. s1 c2 Hpolymorphism 多型现象: C6 x# X+ E+ q; \+ w( F. ~
polyphagous 多食性的& k$ |$ g( K6 O
Population ecology 种群生态学% q) X' H* \8 t# C/ K$ |
population 种群
& S2 K& w3 P+ O! tporosity 粒间空隙8 ~3 ^7 D% F& s( K' V; ]- R
positive feedback 正反馈. I+ i$ a- z( d# u
postclimax 超顶级
0 \* z. F* b5 Z% p3 Z  v7 kpredation 捕食者
3 L( g/ a! e* I* i! l6 }predator 捕食者
8 y) u9 N- ?- v' j7 `$ g$ ?present reproductive value 当年繁殖价值
+ L% T; A0 ~+ B) p" l, uprevail climax 优势顶级
$ i9 b7 x( c0 F- Kprey 猎物
8 l: a: e, f( Q$ c4 l5 ]/ N" ^prezygotic mechanism 合子前隔离
& N( N1 z" F. I3 l# ^7 i" p5 V$ [primary production 初级生产8 L0 v2 B4 H! ?( k6 w4 q
primary succession 初级演替' R8 Y9 b9 l% n, F6 X
primary succession 原生演替8 W* u0 x% b4 ^4 C: C$ d9 a
principle of allocation 分配原理
( O, n6 g) o" F: aprinciple of competitive exclusion 竞争互斥原理
2 p- k; g# o7 M: Y" y0 E: K& I4 sproduction rate 生产率# N8 O0 ]7 `% @$ @  W6 `- i( {2 f
production 生产量% p# O* H- q+ Q) m- x6 |
productivity 生产力4 H1 ]9 @2 E6 Q: F& ?% n
progressive succession 进展演替1 y! z$ c) W+ A
protogynous hermaphriodism 雌雄同体
- ]+ ~' n/ D- L' ipyramid of energy 能量金字塔3 E" Z% u+ j& r1 O
radiation adaptation 趋异适应& L7 e$ G8 C4 l6 C( {
random 随机分布3 l( U6 D/ f- a8 [' Z3 Y
rare species 偶见种
5 I: p9 J, {8 L  Creaction time lag 反应滞时
% q* ?+ \7 x, }3 Areactive species 反映性物种
( l5 B5 e+ o; Arealized natality 实际出生率7 B: A7 |6 U) i/ g! p# Q; u' C
realized nick 实际生态龛
, z9 x5 E% j6 L1 Z; p; Q% T7 Yregressive succession 逆行演替
) |1 O2 U! }5 Rrelative frequency 相对频度
' X9 j/ H0 ]& s1 C; ]; s4 a) rrelative reproductive value相对生殖值
& a0 Y4 l3 _3 b0 t2 u* [  y0 X5 Lreproduction effect 生殖成效
6 J7 N: C! I" Z8 T" o* c4 c2 K' q% Xreproductive cost 繁殖成本& e# |4 N9 y! \& K8 r
reproductive pattern 生殖格局
( X' {* B: K$ G* {# x& E( ^7 _reproductive time lag 生殖滞时, W! h) \6 {& V$ |& v9 [
reproductive value 生殖值  [  d  {1 ?% V7 y
residual reproductive value 剩余繁殖价值! T' J" F8 J; g. l
resilient stability 恢复稳定性% ?- ^8 W) |2 _4 w& X
resistant stability 抵抗稳定性
5 B# j, n! j3 Z. XRestoration ecology 恢复生态学8 @. J* ]$ f3 {8 J- c
richness 丰度
& Y& m( Q5 A5 lr-k continuum of strategies r-k 策略连续系统
4 ]$ Q+ C9 u3 u( `) kr-strategists r-策略者
5 F' }% J# p- Y$ B! ssaprovores 食腐者
* M1 s$ _9 |3 E# b' t1 @9 }savanna woodland 热带稀树草原林地
3 n/ D" Z3 o0 T; B8 uscavenger 食腐者3 n6 ]3 T* R# F# [- x5 b
sciophytes 阳性植物
5 H+ h1 f* t7 P! L; T0 R$ rscramble competition 利用竞争
; N& g1 l& E! Z0 f+ kscramble type of competition 分摊型竞争$ Y+ u5 b' v5 O) y% w) T
secondary metabolites 次生代谢物质
" b* i4 B, T: R3 d. Ssecondary production 次级生产力
/ m3 Z6 \, y2 i5 E2 p# N! Esecondary succession 次生演替
- T7 l2 B+ s: `  T; c7 q4 usecondary 次级演替
7 W4 _4 N0 P6 J) h. lsedimentary cycle 沉积循环. A& G6 |& @8 h: X3 r
selective fertilization 选择受精
* B/ t0 X7 o$ F8 w7 v! o6 r9 Aself-destructive 自我破坏
% B0 @7 J* S- V6 ^. a8 ~% {3 Zsemelparity 一次繁殖生物1 @  ^& v/ u+ ^  _& ^
semelparous 一次生殖7 K1 H5 {1 ~! U: c( [3 e
sex ratio 性比8 ^( D3 p- f: I  S
sexual dimorphism   雌雄二形现象
! `0 U8 s6 Y* k' ^* f; M" \& N3 e9 qsexual reproduction 有性生殖8 W( F; L4 H/ ~" c4 I: C
sexual selection 性选择
$ M9 \2 c0 a5 K% F" S/ Qsexual selection 性选择
0 I7 b5 f0 s6 H. s7 }shade plants 耐阴性植物
/ s6 C+ B2 A2 |5 U3 U2 DShannon-Weiner index 香农—威纳指数4 W; p, n' \# P3 x) t0 @8 M( @$ K
sieve selection hypothesis 筛选说
6 j6 k; M7 l% P9 }1 nsimilarity 相似度3 R9 @8 y  e- `: R
Simpson’s diversity index 辛普森多样性指数
# _1 f- E0 d% V7 D$ O/ tsocial group 社群
* Z9 e) N, @% {, r6 {; M" w  m' `( asocial hierarchy 社会等级
  I, V6 u) L( g! W$ D' gsocial-economic-natural complex ecosystem ; m! X- |& _/ ^9 L$ N1 x
社会--经济--自然复合系统
2 k' J! N+ g3 g! psolar emergy 太阳能值$ A" c4 x/ I4 K8 Y  b
solar emjoules 太阳能焦耳
& G" @5 D( ]0 x2 Hsolar transformity 太阳能值转换率8 e  z0 t( W! ?$ u. u" J/ u8 f2 D
spatial pattern 空间格局" F. [: K* Z4 Z2 P  m0 I: B
special heterogeneity 空间异质性
. P% E" ?) E) L8 O/ X. [2 _speciation 物种形成' l2 ?: B, Z/ v
species area curve 物种面积曲线/ R, v& |9 I8 P0 p! \
species diversity 物种多样性1 V: s' M3 ^8 v' M' i
species evenness or equitability 种的均匀度
' j( \3 v4 V$ ~( Z  pspecies heterogeneity 种的不齐性
5 u( E% J7 i6 x! f  p/ U! C) ospecies turnover rate 种的周转率- T3 R' t/ I2 g- K6 ^
spore reproduction 孢子生殖. L8 \! j7 o0 T! U
stability-resilience 稳定恢复力7 |" @" ~3 y0 y2 B% k# ^
stabilizing selection 稳定选择
9 ?0 Z& k/ e$ pstanding crop 现存量) `- @8 `! ]" z8 e  s. ~) ?
static life table 静态生命表
$ O- D: m. c" J6 X5 a3 Q* Dstenoecious 窄栖性的" M/ t( r1 b" w0 D4 d) ~$ [4 L
stenohaline 窄盐性的
2 A8 q1 ?9 d# n- b7 `4 xstenohydric 窄水性的
; }0 W2 |1 L4 `* k) q/ v1 kstenophagic 窄食性的* o/ Y$ ~$ h" j. }  ]% t, L
stenothermal 窄温性的
% b' r. A# R$ B" ?3 X. Dsteppe and semideserty 干草原和半荒漠1 r: c: N+ W2 n% h
stochastic model 随机模型% [7 M5 {/ x9 a$ T& I
stratification 成层现象0 Q- @; ?- Y! L4 o
subassociation 亚群丛组
1 O4 n  j  s- E& \4 C5 B' r$ Dsubdominant 亚优势种
$ X, ]- z- H+ v; a/ S# o8 osubformation 亚群系
- j, X2 n# A  r. p$ Lsuccession 演替
* ]6 C; L* l$ q6 p; Ysucculent 肉质植物
: |: {, X  O1 j6 ?succulent 肉质植物7 k0 R+ g- m: T: n3 p
summed dominance ratio(SDR)综合优势比7 L8 X4 s, w5 j/ @5 @7 D- n( Y1 G# e
summer-green deciduous forest 夏绿落叶林  @3 N. S, G+ U( x9 f( X6 |* A
survivorship curve 存活曲线
% H) p# P- L! D: ^sympatric speciation 同域性物种
4 q# M4 Q* E$ K( v( C0 {Synecology 群落生态学
$ \2 X; m* B& esynusia 层片4 g+ \3 m/ }4 U, Q( Y% t5 q6 `5 {
Terrestrial ecology 陆地生态学
8 X  q& R0 H' G$ Dterritorial behavior 领域行为7 [! [  u, A- v0 k: @& V) p  d7 e
territoriality 领域性+ t: y# E. i6 F/ T
the –2/3 thinning law –2/3自疏法则
7 o6 g! c( `3 I) F9 \the effect of neighbours 邻接效应
% `, G, Y1 G  Xtherophytes (Th) 一年生植物% c: p" m; \* R/ C+ e! G2 {
thertnoperiodism 温周期现象; y! [+ ?7 `2 N8 {- K; @
thorn forest and scrub 多刺森林和密灌丛. e3 M8 n) t9 @* H, e9 ~- K
time-specific life table 特定时间生命表' I4 b/ w8 r- l( K+ \
torpor 蛰伏
* d  W0 ^6 U3 L; o' R6 ~- p2 Z( Mtotal neutrality hypothesis 中性说6 z) N5 Z- V$ Q
trophic level 营养级
0 g: Z' }1 A3 n6 j4 O3 |" {trophic relationship 营养的联系
/ P6 c( `9 y& X, jtrophic relationship 营养联系
! ?2 ^' x. t3 R% C8 Qtundra and cold forest 苔原和冷森林
" O4 e, W7 W8 f: nuniform 均匀分布
7 K# A4 x# j1 Nunitary organism 单体生物; T2 p- S5 t6 T! I! u1 \) w
univoltine insects 一化性的昆虫$ E8 N( v/ u" K) n
upper horizon 覆盖层+ a- |2 Y6 m# U9 b6 j$ B9 a/ b
Urban ecology 城市生态学
3 m9 P  v- T% k3 ?. D# Jvegetation subtype 植被亚型
  s4 Z" S6 ~& Q  A; p* S# `vegetation type group 植被型组% u2 s( Q6 c8 e) W( [9 N) W* N8 f
vegetation type 植被型$ Q2 t, Z* U# T2 V- A
vegetative propagation 营养生殖; z+ f) r- a( u9 F8 M, u
volume 体积1 r$ N+ _6 m& O  m" F# W
water cycle 水循环
( g. W/ u) f/ W4 B' }; Eweight 重量
7 F% |& ^& s0 |  Oxerarch succession 旱生演替3 j+ M) F  R2 k9 Q/ y6 `+ t1 k
xerophytes 旱生植物/ F$ [" T. @! a7 e
zero net growth isoline(ZNGI)零增长线( m1 l+ ]$ \. L* O& |
zone of emergent vegetation 挺水植物带7 W7 R8 E% b5 N. w- L$ c
zooplankton 浮游动物
All the art of living lies in a fine mingling of letting go and holding on

再发一篇我做的阅读积累

材料来自国家地理官网, 做为GRE的补充阅读,主要是为了积累词汇用的。后面有我的对词汇的注解和补充.
' B1 g6 H& }/ d2 T  e. ~( H& ~  c7 l: d5 R/ z- e+ T

5 w$ B$ t" U, C) T! j- F- r% }
5 Y9 ?) y1 n# J1 K! t+ s1 c! NPrzewalski's Horse Profile
) y9 W' v9 K7 r- u9 A2 f3 j4 C蒙古矮种马概况- t4 E/ W( m3 I) n0 r9 [" ]
8 @9 F! d4 U5 T, k
Przewalski's horses are the last surviving subspecies of wild horse. First described scientifically in the late 19th century by Russian explorer N. M. Przewalski, for whom the horse is named, the horse once freely roamed the steppe along the Mongolia-China border. Never again seen in the wild, Przewalski’s horses have since been kept and bred in captivity and have recently been reintroduced in Mongolia.
1 c* ~, Z8 _/ O) X
2 a' C  d* N1 p, A) AWith a short, muscular body, Przewalski’s horses are smaller than most domesticated horses. They have a pale belly and beige to reddish brown coat that is short during summer and thicker and longer in winter. Their muzzle is white, and they don an erect and dark mane that lines their large head and neck. They stand about 12 to 14 hands tall at the shoulder, or about 48 to 56 inches (122 to 142 centimeters), and weigh about 440 to 750 pounds (200 to 340 kilograms).
/ h  o0 k0 h8 E7 a  x+ X0 c) Y; R; B1 G0 E
While extant in the wild, these horses ate grasses and other vegetation on the steppe, shrublands, and plains of western Mongolia and northern China. Herds observed at reintroduction sites appear to be affectionate. Females, or mares, and foals live in family groups with a dominant stallion, while younger males live in bachelor groups. Mares give birth to a single foal after an 11- to 12-month pregnancy. 6 A: Y- Z4 h/ v, o4 p- f- a

3 w9 W) s3 |8 Z6 D& Q3 r( ?Considered a wild subspecies because its ancestors were never domesticated, the extinction in the wild of the Przewalski’s horse was due primarily to interbreeding with other domesticated horses. About 1,500 exist today, a large number living in zoos, but many also making up herds that have been reintroduced at several sites in Mongolia. / i$ ^& o4 w( H3 _" X' Z

2 m, U. q0 u9 H7 ^9 t9 KWhile their greatest threats today include a loss of genetic diversity, their extinction in the wild was also brought on by hunting, loss of habitat, and loss of water sources to domestic animals.
* z5 ]) p6 E* `, V6 D$ ?0 ^/ ]9 U  E9 F8 G
单词:
9 u1 K4 r2 T( ^( ^% y1 X1.Przewalski's Horse:蒙古矮种马,蒙古野马,普氏野马
9 \( G- G" j. Q+ f: W* sMule 骡子/ horse 雄马/ mare 母马/ pony 矮马/ colt 4岁以前的雄马/ filly 4岁以前的雌马/neigh 马嘶声/clap-clap马蹄声
7 f- l- N: j; B& }8 @  NPony 矮种马,小马/ 小型的东西She drank a pony of brandy./ a1 U) n* w8 w* P+ P6 A( G
Pony tail 马尾辫
  x) M$ V6 m" j$ X/ @) O1 b8 D1 Z; }0 C7 o$ _- k6 U. h. l
2.Profile 名词--简介,概况,(侧面)轮廓 / 动词--描绘轮廓
, E9 x- b& f6 Z2 s+ P, y- ?. ~Temperature profile 温度曲线图: X& J9 G; N. J9 L' t1 e" l

% Y7 [6 H, f4 W' Q; U5 X4 B3.Subspecies 名词--亚种
) R7 n' n" e! K% p6 J亚种是生物分类法正式分类单元中地位最低的分类等级。' l$ G8 K9 U: u' k
是比种小的单位,即种内个体在地理上和生殖上充分隔离后,形成的一类种群;它是一个种内的地理种群,或生理、生态种群,并具有地理分布上或生态上的不同。+ x3 w+ [* @9 g$ c  F

. F- p+ d$ _1 d7 l6 s3.Muzzle 名词--(狗,狐等)鼻口部分;(动物的)口套,口络,笼头;枪口;炮口;喷口;喷嘴/ 动词--给...戴上口络;使缄默;封锁...的言论# O9 i; M# E! T6 Y! `0 L
Horse items 马具/ Halter 马笼头,缰绳;绞索,绞刑;给…套上缰绳;绞死;束缚/ Blinders眼罩/ whip鞭子/ Saddlery 马具/ Horse collars 马轭; Z( v- ^: S- Z/ \

3 u- z. v8 t/ Q* c- V( A4.Don 名词—先生,阁下,西班牙人/ 动词—穿上,披上,穿着
3 v1 V0 e# M$ B8 C! JCon 动词—欺诈,指挥开船,精读/ 形容词—欺诈的,反面的/ 副词—反面地
7 X7 @( {: Z9 T: ]" j2 A+ f0 A+ m
5.Belly 名词—肚子,腹部,胃,食欲;物体鼓起部分,内部the belly of a ship/ 动词—鼓起,涨满,爬行
1 H' H2 p2 [8 v, `& u5 l: g- m2 W9 \Belle 美女(一个鞋的牌子叫“百丽”就是这个词)/ bell 铃,钟,门铃;动词--鸣钟/ Bel.(Belgium)比利时/ bel贝尔(音量比率之单位)
$ r& W# W$ {9 v% E" M. K# E
) u* G9 Q, Q# y1 w6 T; o+ h% X' P0 C# ^6.Reddish 形容词—带红色的,淡红的
( O  j/ e, I! J9 l5 d8 _Opal 蛋白石,猫眼石,乳白色/ royal blue 水蓝色/ khaki 卡其色(的)/ maroon 褐紫红色(的);逃亡黑奴,孤立无援的人/ Beige 名词/形容词—米色(的);灰棕色(的)2 D0 @; K4 l5 C) L, f& }& `
5 e3 @' Z& [8 F
7.Steppe 名词—(西伯利亚一带没树木的)大草原;干草原9 o9 e  F# |6 D- N7 A$ y( q
plateau; tablelands; highlands高原/ freshet(入海的)淡水水流
3 I6 V4 \1 W7 W; e7 `2 w" K. ^9 ]/ j  h  L
8.Beige 名词/形容词—米色(的);灰棕色(的)! y1 s/ c9 g+ K' \/ W

3 @3 a6 G; B" p( Y. l  C- N9.Shrublands 名词—稀疏灌丛
- @  a8 A5 x  e' [: R" I( [- Lparasites 寄生生物/ parasitoidism 拟寄生/ abyssal zone 深海带/ biocoenosis 生物群落/ biosphere生物圈/ Community 群落/ climax 顶级群落/ cline 渐变群
2 W& t7 H  {  ?# ]+ w  i% {* y6 |* x5 p
10.Affectionate 形容词—充满深情的,温柔亲切的,慈爱的
, `4 E9 Y% p1 AAffection 影响,属性;疾病,感染;爱,爱慕/ affectional 属于感情方面(的)
( v' I, [$ _2 v0 D; M  U+ l9 W8 N. B5 P0 c5 @
11.Stallion 名词—种马8 r) ?+ I6 Z& R! O- O

# |( \. B! X) H5 R& l9 ]12.Foal 名词—(马,驴的)仔/ 动词—生仔
All the art of living lies in a fine mingling of letting go and holding on
好东西,收下了,谢谢楼主!
Hope is a good thing,maybe the best of things.And no good thing ever
dies.
谢谢LZ
赞一个
好东西,谢谢 lz 分享
OK
高级东西~谢谢了~
我靠!!太强!!不由得我不佩服!!
返回列表