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发表于 2011-11-5 00:13:21
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(一)Exercise2 中第一篇阅读第三题D选项中的“but it fails to explain the diversity of mental experience”是怎么看出来的啊?
原文:By 1950, the results of attempts to relate brain processes to mental experience appeared rather discouraging. Herring suggested that different modes of Line sensation, such as pain, taste, and color, might be correlated with the discharge of specific kinds of nervous energy. However, subsequently developed methods of recording and analyzing nerve potentials failed to reveal any such qualitative diversity. Although qualitative variance among nerve energies was never rigidly disproved, the doctrine was generally abandoned in favor of the opposing view, namely, that nerve impulses are essentially homogeneous in quality and are transmitted as ―common currency‖ throughout the nervous system. According to this theory, it is not the quality of the sensory nerve impulses that determines the diverse conscious sensations they produce, but rather the different areas of the brain into which they discharge, and there is some evidence for this view. In one experiment, when an electric stimulus was applied to a given sensory field of the cerebral cortex of a conscious human subject, it produced a sensation of the appropriate modality for that particular locus, that is, a visual sensation from the visual cortex, an auditory sensation from the auditory cortex, and so on. However, cortical locus, in itself, turned out to have little explanatory value.
题目:3. Which of the following best summarizes the author‘s opinion of the suggestion that different areas of the brain determine perceptions produced
by sensory nerve impulses?
(A) It is a plausible explanation, but it has not been completely proved.
(B) It is the best explanation of brain processes currently available.
(C) It is disproved by the fact that the various areas of the brain are physiologically very similar.
(D) There is some evidence to support it, but it fails to explain the diversity of mental experience.
(E) There is experimental evidence that confirms its correctness
(二)还是第二套,第二篇阅读,第五题,我选的是D,为什么不对?
原文:A Marxist sociologist has argued that racism stems from the class struggle that is unique to the capitalist system—that racial prejudice is generated by capitalists Line as a means of controlling workers. His thesis works 5 relatively well when applied to discrimination against Blacks in the United States, but his definition of racial prejudice as ―racially-based negative prejudgments against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of ethnic competition,‖ can be interpreted 10 as also including hostility toward such ethnic groups as the Chinese in California and the Jews in medieval Europe. However, since prejudice against these latter peoples was not inspired by capitalists, he has to reason that such antagonisms were not really based on race. 15 He disposes thusly (albeit unconvincingly) of both the intolerance faced by Jews before the rise of capitalism and the early twentieth-century discrimination against Oriental people in California, which, inconveniently, was instigated by workers.
题目:5. According to the passage, the Marxist sociologist‘s chain of reasoning required him to assert that prejudice toward Oriental people in California was
(A) directed primarily against the Chinese
(B) similar in origin to prejudice against the Jews
(C) understood by Oriental people as ethnic competition
(D) provoked by workers
(E) nonracial in character
(三) Execise 6中第一篇阅读中第二题,严重不懂……
原文:Some modern anthropologists hold that biological evolution has shaped not only human morphology but also human behavior. The role those anthropologists Line ascribe to evolution is not of dictating the details of 5 human behavior but one of imposing constraints— ways of feeling, thinking, and acting that ―come natu- rally‖ in archetypal situations in any culture. Our ―frailties‖ –emotions and motives such as rage, fear, greed, gluttony, joy, lust, love—may be a very mixed 10 assortment, but they share at least one immediate quality: we are, as we say, ―in the grip‖ of them. And thus they give us our sense of constraints. Unhappily, some of those frailties—our need for ever-increasing security among them—are presently 15 maladaptive. Yet beneath the overlay of cultural detail, they, too, are said to be biological in direction, and therefore as natural to us as are our appendixes. We would need to comprehend thoroughly their adaptive origins in order to understand how badly they 20 guide us now. And we might then begin to resist their pressure.
题目:2. It can be inferred that in his discussion of maladaptive frailties the author assumes that
(A) evolution does not favor the emergence of adaptive characteristics over the emergence of maladaptive ones
(B) any structure or behavior not positively adaptive is regarded as transitory in evolutionary theory
(C) maladaptive characteristics, once fixed, make the emergence of other maladaptive characteristics more likely
(D) the designation of a characteristic as being maladaptive must always remain highly tentative
(E) changes in the total human environment can outpace evolutionary change |
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