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[备考小组] Argument 50 evaluate the effectiveness of lavender pillow to cure insomnia [复制链接]

zsczsl
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电梯直达

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发表于 2014-12-19 21:35:46 |只看该作者 |倒序浏览

本帖最后由 zsczsl 于 2014-12-19 13:48 编辑

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50. An ancient, traditional remedy for insomnia—the scent of lavender flowers—has now been proved effective. In a recent study, 30 volunteers with chronic insomnia slept each night for three weeks on lavender-scented pillows in a controlled room where their sleep was monitored electronically. During the first week, volunteers continued to take their usual sleeping medication. They slept soundly but wakened feeling tired. At the beginning of the second week, the volunteers discontinued their sleeping medication. During that week, they slept less soundly than the previous week and felt even more tired. During the third week, the volunteers slept longer and more soundly than in the previous two weeks. Therefore, the study proves that lavender cures insomnia within a short period of time.

Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.

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zsczsl
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沙发

发表于 2014-12-19 21:36:27 |只看该作者

本帖最后由 zsczsl 于 2014-12-19 13:49 编辑

2 列出argument的结论和主要证据
claim或结论：An ancient, traditional remedy for insomnia—the scent of lavender flowers—has now been proved effective.

证据01 In a recent study, 30 volunteers with chronic insomnia slept each night for three weeks on lavender-scented pillows in a controlled room where their sleep was monitored electronically.
证据02 During the first week, volunteers continued to take their usual sleeping medication. They slept soundly but wakened feeling tired.
证据03 At the beginning of the second week, the volunteers discontinued their sleeping medication. During that week, they slept less soundly than the previous week and felt even more tired.
证据04 During the third week, the volunteers slept longer and more soundly than in the previous two weeks.

3 写第一段
TS (pt1, pt2, pt3, pt4): In this argument, the author claims that the lavender flower scent can efficaciously and immediately cure people’s insomnia. To corroborate her conclusion, she mainly described the process of a recent scientific study. However, there should be more relevant details proving or disproving the efficacy of lavender flower scent.

4. 写出中间段的主题句（英语）用汉语解释主要讨论的点
中间第一段
ts (pt1): To begin with, the writer needs to prove that the 30-person sample is large enough to represent all patients of chronic insomnia in the nation, the state, or the city. 作者最好提供所研究区域里所有失眠症患者的人数，如果该区域很小，只是一个城市，里面只有不到百人失眠，那么30人的样本已经足够代表全体患者的情况了，研究结果可信。然而要是所研究区域是一个大国，其中有上百万人失眠，那么区区30人根本不能代表所有患者的情况，那么研究结果自然是缺乏说服力的。
中间第二段
ts (pt2): Even if the number of subjects is sufficient, the reader still wants to know whether the three weeks period is suitable for the research on the treatment of insomnia. 因此作者得提供失眠症一般的治疗周期。如果通常失眠在数周之内就可治好的话，那么三周足以验证疗效。然而失眠若是需要一年半载才能治愈，那么仅过三周就言疗效，太过草率。
中间第三段
ts (pt3): The next piece of essential evidence is about volunteers’ response to the controlled surrounding. 从房间里的布置，床的柔软度，到监控病人脑电波的仪器，都有可能影响患者的睡眠质量。因此，作者最好请独立调查机构，通过全面而又科学的面试或问卷，了解病人的感受，进而决定是否是其它因素影响了患者的睡眠。例如，病人觉得实验室的床比她原来的床硬，致使她刚开始更加睡不着，那么后来的情况也许表明the lavender flowers scent的确功效强大。反之，如果患者觉得实验室安静的环境很能促进她睡眠，那么the lavender flowers scent的功效就得打折扣了。
中间第四段
ts (pt4): Finally, the author should evince that the higher quality of sleep in the third week results from the lavender-scented pillow instead of patients’ previous sleeping medication. 作者必须提供证据来说明这种药的特征，最好引用是一份病人单独使用该药时的情况。比如说，原本此药服用之后两至三周才能起效，那么最后的睡眠改善就很可能源于该药，而非lavender-scented pillow。反之，倘若此药服用当晚就起效，而且效果不会延续到两天后，lavender-scented pillow的效果就明显了。又如，单独服用该药时，患者slept soundly而且 wakened 并不feeling tired，那么lavender-scented pillow大概就是促成feeling tired的因素了，第二周的情况更能作为证明，结论被推翻。要是单独服用该药时，患者并不slept soundly唯有 wakened feeling tired，那么lavender-scented pillow大概就是促成slept soundly的因素了，第二周的情况也许是原先那药的后遗症，结论被巩固。

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tesolchina
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板凳

发表于 2014-12-19 22:28:35 |只看该作者

zsczsl 发表于 2014-12-19 21:36
2 列出argument的结论和主要证据
claim或结论：An ancient, traditional remedy for insomnia—the scent ...

我觉得你这个提纲似乎错过了原题中的重点
首先这30个人样本的问题人数的多少其实不是关键  而是在于这个样品是否具有代表性也就是说他们的年龄、性别、病情等各方面是否和整个insomnia患者群体接近志愿者都是chronic 那如果是acute的呢即使慢性是不是还分severe  moderate 和mild的呢

关于环境的改变可能影响睡眠质量这个点是可以的也就是说睡得好了可能不是枕头而是环境

还有一个问题就是安眠药的药效会否超过一周的问题也许第二周吃的药到第三周还有作用？
（这个你有提）

另外也许第三周睡得比较好是因为前两周太累了

最后第三周睡得好不代表第四周还会睡得好啊也许第四周回到家里又打回原形了

而且注意文中说第三周睡得时间长一些好些但没说醒来累不累呢  。。。

我还没有很认真地考虑这道题大概看了这几点你再想想

加油！

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zsczsl
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地板

发表于 2014-12-20 01:09:25 |只看该作者

tesolchina 发表于 2014-12-19 14:28
我觉得你这个提纲似乎错过了原题中的重点
首先这30个人样本的问题人数的多少其实不是关键而是在于这 ...

谢谢老师鼓励，我会继续思考的。

这个题目本身就够让人急性失眠了。:dizzy:

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zsczsl
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5楼

发表于 2014-12-20 02:35:13 |只看该作者

王老师好，我按您的意见修改了大纲，您看够全面了吗？谢谢！

4. 写出中间段的主题句（英语）用汉语解释主要讨论的点
中间第一段
ts (pt1): To begin with, the writer needs to prove that the 30-person sample is able to represent all patients of insomnia in the area. 作者最好提供所研究区域里所有失眠症患者的总体人数、失眠症类型、年龄结构等等。如果该区域内大多数失眠者患的是急性失眠，那么抽30个慢性失眠病人来研究显然不合适。还有，如果失眠的人大多数是中老年人，而志愿者恰好全是年轻人，那么30人的样本也不能代表全体患者的情况，那么研究结果自然是缺乏说服力的。然而要是所研究区域内大多数失眠者得的是慢性失眠，而且他们的年龄与30个志愿者相仿，那么样本可以代表所有患者的情况，研究结果可信。
中间第二段
ts (pt2): Even if the chosen subjects is sufficient, the reader still wants to know whether the three weeks period is suitable for the research on the treatment of insomnia. 因此作者得提供失眠症一般的治疗周期。如果通常失眠在数周之内就可治好的话，那么三周足以验证疗效。然而失眠若是需要一年半载才能治愈，那么仅过三周就言疗效，太过草率，也许到了第四周、第五周失眠症又复发了，那么作者最好提供这些病人睡眠的长期跟踪报告。
中间第三段
ts (pt3): The next pieces of essential evidence are about volunteers’ response to the controlled surrounding and their activities before sleeping. 从房间里的布置，床的柔软度，到监控病人脑电波的仪器，都有可能影响患者的睡眠质量。因此，作者最好请独立调查机构，通过全面而又科学的面试或问卷，了解病人的感受，进而决定是否是其它因素影响了患者的睡眠。例如，病人觉得实验室的床比她原来的床硬，致使她刚开始更加睡不着，那么后来的情况也许表明the lavender flowers scent的确功效强大。反之，如果患者觉得实验室安静的环境很能促进她睡眠，那么the lavender flowers scent的功效就得打折扣了。还有志愿者在这三周睡前的行动也会影响睡眠质量，除非三周内他们睡觉前的活动量都维持在同一水平，否则lavender的效果无法被证明。比如说前两周他们睡前没什么剧烈的脑力、体力活动，只有在第三周他们才在从事了大量脑力工作或是剧烈运动过后睡觉，那么导致最后睡长、睡好的可就不一定是lavender了。
中间第四段
ts (pt4): Finally, the author should evince that the higher quality of sleep in the third week results from the lavender-scented pillow instead of patients’ previous sleeping medication. 作者必须提供证据来说明这种药的特征，最好引用是一份病人单独使用该药时的情况。比如说，原本此药服用之后两至三周才能起效，那么最后的睡眠改善就很可能源于该药，而非lavender-scented pillow。反之，倘若此药服用当晚就起效，而且效果不会延续到两天后，lavender-scented pillow的效果就明显了。又如，单独服用该药时，患者slept soundly而且 wakened 并不feeling tired，那么lavender-scented pillow大概就是促成feeling tired的因素了，第二周的情况更能作为证明，结论被推翻。要是单独服用该药时，患者并不slept soundly唯有 wakened feeling tired，那么lavender-scented pillow大概就是促成slept soundly的因素了，第二周的情况也许是原先那药的后遗症，结论被巩固。而且最后作者没有提及第三周志愿者醒来后觉得累不累，只说他们睡得沉、睡得长，与前两周衡量效果的标准都变了。所以作者应该证明第三周患者醒来后不累，以支持自己的结论，否则lavender效果存疑。

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6楼

发表于 2015-2-12 00:19:38 |只看该作者

本帖最后由 ee_stone 于 2015-2-12 00:25 编辑

50. An ancient, traditional remedy for insomnia—the scent of lavender flowers—has now been proved effective. In a recent study, 30 volunteers with chronic insomnia slept each night for three weeks on lavender-scented pillows in a controlled room where their sleep was monitored electronically. During the first week, volunteers continued to take their usual sleeping medication. They slept soundly but wakened feeling tired. At the beginning of the second week, the volunteers discontinued their sleeping medication. During that week, they slept less soundly than the previous week and felt even more tired. During the third week, the volunteers slept longer and more soundly than in the previous two weeks. Therefore, the study proves that lavender cures insomnia within a short period of time.

Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.

---------------题目分割线----------------------------------------------------------------

Based on a seemingly well controlled experiments, the statement claims the effectiveness of the scent of lavender flowers to cure insomnia. The duration and soundness of volunteers' sleep are kept and compared in the experiment. However, to evaluate the soundness of the argument, we need to collect more evidence of the experiment, about the activities of the volunteers during the day time, their sleep in daily lives before the experiment, and their status in the following weeks.

Firstly, there is no description of the activities the volunteers do during the day time in the experiment, which is quite important to the validity of the claim. As we all know, after doing some sports, people will feel more tired and have sounder sleep during the night. On the contrary, taking exams or watching horrifying movies usually make people feel nervous and more difficult to fall asleep. If volunteers watch the Saws everyday in the second week, and play basketball for one hour everyday in the third week, the improvement of the quality of sleep may not be attributed to the magic lavender flowers. Thus, as the essential information, what volunteers do during the day time should be kept and presented in more details, so that we can preclude the potential impact of these activities on the sleep status.

Moreover, the quality of sleep in volunteers' daily lives should be studied so that we can build a baseline for the comparison in the experiment. In the argument, the comparison is only among the data of three weeks during the experiment, which can only provides the ideas on how the sleep is improved relatively. If the volunteers sleep longer than previous two week but still shorter than in their daily lives, we still can't claim the scent helps to cure insomnia.

Last but not least, the statement only shows the status of sleep of two weeks after the scent of lavender flower replaces the medication, which is not enough to claim that the insomnia is cured. There are some cases in which when the body gets used to a scent, the magical effect just disappears. We may need more data for the following weeks during which volunteers use lavender pillow instead of sleeping medication, to see if the improvement of sleep maintains or disappears, so that we can further tell if lavender flower can take the place of the medication.

In summary, the statement needs more information about the activities of volunteers, their previous sleeping status, and data in the following weeks to corroborate the claim. Otherwise, the claim is not solid enough.

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