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[问答] 几道机经逻辑题求解 [复制链接]

hamble_0321
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电梯直达

楼主

发表于 2017-8-17 19:52:25 |只看该作者 |倒序浏览

本帖最后由 hamble_0321 于 2017-8-17 19:55 编辑

（一）Normally, seeds of Emmenathe penduliflora stay dormant for years and germinate only when a fire burns through their habitat.Nitrogen dioxide in the smoke induces the seeds to germinate. Fires clear the brush, allowing germinating seeds to receive the sunlight they need to grow.The plants mature quickly, produce seeds, and then die. In areas with heavy automobile traffic, however, the seed germinates in the absence of fire, with automobile exhaust supplying the required nitrogen dioxide.

1. The information given, if accurate, most strongly supports which of the following hypotheses?

A. Fires in the habitat of E. Penduliflora do not entirely destroy theplant’s seeds even in the places where the fires burn most intensely.

B. The nitrogen dioxide in automobile exhaust cannot harm plants of E.Penduliflora after germination.

C. If human intervention decreases the number of fires in the habitatof E. Penduliflora, automobile exhaust can replicate the conditions the plantrequires in order to thrive.

D. Within the habitat of E. Penduliflora, natural fires aresignificantly more frequent in areas with heavy automobile traffic than theyare in other areas.

E. Unless E. Penduliflora seeds that have germinated can survive in theshade, automobile exhaust threatens the long-term survival of the plant in areaswith heavy automobile traffic.

答案选E 抓不到逻辑- -！

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hamble_0321
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沙发

发表于 2017-8-17 19:56:14 |只看该作者

（二）Benovians set their clocks back an hour for the winter. The result is that, during winter’s short days, it is light when most commuters drive to work, but dark when they drive back home. Darkness contributes to accidents. Changing the clocks, however, does not actually increase the amount of driving done in the dark, so it is unlikely to have any effect on Benovia’s automoile accident rate.

1. Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument relies?

A. The average number of hours that Benovians drive when it is dark is greater for days during the
winter than for days during other times of the year.

B. In Benovia, hazards to safe driving that are made worse by darkness are as likely to occur in the
morning as in the evening.

C. The majority of cars on Benovia’s roads during a given day are those of people commuting to or
from work.

D. The majority of automobile accidents in Benovia take place when it is dark.

E. Driving conditions are no worse in Benovia in the winter than during the rest of the year.
答案选B

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hamble_0321
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板凳

发表于 2017-8-19 10:47:24 |只看该作者

没人吗

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hamble_0321
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地板

发表于 2017-8-19 11:30:26 |只看该作者

本帖最后由 hamble_0321 于 2017-8-19 11:32 编辑

（三）Shoreland County recently purchased an area of wilderness land in the county to prevent it from being developed. In doing so, the county has forfeited all future property taxes on this land. Property taxes are assessed on market value, and if developed, the land would have contributed significantly to the county’s overall annual tax revenue. Because of the purchase, therefore, overall annual tax revenue will be lower than it would have been if development had occurred。

1. Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

A. The money the county would have had to expend for services to residences or industry developed on the wilderness land would have exceeded the tax revenue from the developed land.

B. The market value of undeveloped properties in Shoreland County will not increase significantly in the foreseeable future.

C. The property taxes received by Shoreland County from the previous owners of the wilderness area were insignificant relative to the county’s overall annual tax revenue.

D. Land near the area bought by the county will not increase significantly in market value as a result of being near wilderness that is protected from development.

E. Shoreland County will not in the foreseeable future prevent the development of any other land in the county.
答案选D B为什么不行呢？

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hamble_0321
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5楼

发表于 2017-8-19 11:34:33 |只看该作者

hamble_0321 发表于 2017-8-19 11:30
（三）Shoreland County recently purchased an area of wilderness land in the county to prevent it fro ...

我好像明白了 Property taxes are assessed on market value → D. Land near the area bought by the county will not increase significantly in market value → therefore, overall annual tax revenue will be lower than it would have been if development had occurred.:D

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我Me是个好人
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6楼

发表于 2017-8-19 14:24:25 |只看该作者

本帖最后由我Me是个好人于 2017-8-19 14:38 编辑

（1）

E的意思是, 除非E.P.的seeds能在阴凉处存活, (否则)在有heavy automobile traffic的areas中, 汽车尾气会威胁这种植物的长期生存.
其实换句话说就成了, 只要E.P.的seeds能在阴凉处存活, 那么即便是在有heavy automobile traffic的areas中, 汽车尾气也不会威胁这种植物的长期生存, 也就是说阳光不照也可以.

接着回读文章: ...Nitrogen dioxide in the smoke induces the seeds to germinate. Fires clear the brush, allowing germinating seeds to receive the sunlight they need to grow. ...但在however之后的叙述中我们发现, 只有nitrogen dioxide被满足了, 而sunlight却消失了.

而E就很好地解决了供需之间的矛盾: In areas with heavy automobile traffic, even without sunlight, the condition of such plant will be fine.

选E.

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我Me是个好人
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7楼

发表于 2017-8-19 14:52:57 |只看该作者

（2）

大意是说B地人冬天的时候会把闹钟提前一个小时. 冬天日短, 大多数人commuters(指那些上下班往返的人, 所以对我们的解题不构成影响)会选择白天工作, 晚上回家. 而设置提前闹钟这种做法却没有减少人们黑夜开车(回家)的频率, 所以就对B地的车祸率没有影响.
所以整个的argument就成了: 白天工作, 晚上回家→提前起床对黑夜开车没有影响→B地的车祸率不变.

但注意, assumption题意味着这个argument中间的思路一定是存在gap的: 回家要开车, 那么去工作的时候就不开车l了吗? 提前起床对晚上开车没有影响, 那么对早上开车有没有影响呢? 如果有, 这个argument不就不成立了吗?

接着来看B, In Benovia, hazards to safe driving that are made worse by darkness are as likely to occur in the morning as in the evening. 也就是说在B地, darkness在早晨对safe driving造成的hazards是与在晚上对其造成的hazards是一样的.

这里我们不用考虑B地的morning到底是亮锃锃的还是黑漆漆的, 我们只要确定它可以解决这之间的gap就可以了, 即无论早上开车和晚上开车, 其出事故的频率是一样的.

选B.

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