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本帖最后由 tracywlz 于 2009-4-10 22:09 编辑
51"Education will be truly effective only when it is specifically designed to meet the individual needs and interests of each student."
生物和哲学
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52"Education encourages students to question and criticize, and therefore does little to promote social harmony."
bioethics需要不断批判
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53"College and university education should be free for all students, fully financed by the government."
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54"History teaches us only one thing: knowing about the past cannot help people to make important decisions today."
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55"Competition for high grades seriously limits the quality of learning at all levels of education."
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56"Governments should focus more on solving the immediate problems of today rather than trying to solve the anticipated problems of the future."
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57"The depth of knowledge to be gained from books is much richer and broader than what can be learned from direct experience."
哲和生的两者结合
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58"The increasingly rapid pace of life today causes more problems than it solves."
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59"Too much emphasis is placed on role models. Instead of copying others, people should learn to think and act independently and thus make the choices that are best for them."
bioethics的出现
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60"The media—and society in general—mistakenly expect an individual to speak for a particular group, whether or not that individual truly represents the views of the entire group."
名人对bioethics的看法不一定代表了大众的。他们站在自己的利益上说的。例如有些同性恋名人~~
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61"High-profile awards such as the Nobel Prize are actually damaging to society because they suggest that only a few people deserve such recognition."
bioethics中的获得奖的支持不少吧~~随便举几个,然后说,他们获奖的原因是提供给人们更好的生活,或者更好生活的机会。
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62"The widespread idea that people should make self-improvement a primary goal in their lives is problematic because it assumes that people are intrinsically deficient."
bioethics是人类一种寻求自我进步的方式
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63"To truly understand your own culture—no matter how you define it—requires personal knowledge of at least one other culture, one that is distinctly different from your own."
bioethics是多种文化的交叉
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64"Many people know how to attain success, but few know how to make the best use of it."
如何利用bioethics,例如转基因~
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65"People have been so encouraged by society to focus on apparent differences that they fail to see meaningful similarities among ideas, individuals, and groups."
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66"As people rely more and more on technology to solve problems, the ability of humans to think for themselves will surely deteriorate."
技术使我们思考更多,例如bioethics使我们更加关注一些本质的东西。
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67"Colleges should require students to engage in public-service activities in order to assure that each student receives a balanced, well-rounded education."
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68"People make the mistake of treating experts with suspicion and mistrust, no matter how valuable their contributions might be."
许多人不信任基因改造的作物
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69"Government should place few, if any, restrictions on scientific research and development"
如果说政府对待研究有3方面,拨款,提供场所,法律限制。那么都可以用bioethic中大部分内容解释。第1个不用说,第2个广义上来讲某些具有高危性的研究政府可以控制其地方,例如病毒~,核,武器等等。3,法律可以限制,大家应该不难想到现在的热点话题,胚胎干细胞,安乐死~等等------------------
70"In any profession—business, politics, education, government—those in power should step down after five years. The surest path to success for any enterprise is revitalization through new leadership."
(科技领域)
71"Spending time alone makes one a better companion to others."
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72"One can best understand the most important characteristics of a society by studying its major cities."
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73"In most professions and academic fields, imagination is more important than knowledge."
DNA双螺旋的发现~
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74"The most effective way to communicate an idea or value to large groups of people is through the use of images, not language."
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75"The people who make important contributions to society are generally not those who develop their own new ideas, but those who are most gifted at perceiving and coordinating the talents and skills of others."
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76"Truly profound thinkers and highly creative artists are always out of step with their time and their society."
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77"People today are too individualistic. Instead of pursuing self-centered, separate goals, people need to understand that satisfaction comes from working for the greater good of the family, the community, or society as a whole."
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78"Schools should be required to teach the essential interconnectedness of all human beings and thus help eliminate wars, cultural clashes, and other forms of conflict."
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79"Major policy decisions should always be left to politicians and other government experts, who are more informed and thus have better judgment and perspective than do members of the general public."
关于计划生育。
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80"All students should be required to take courses in the sciences, even if they have no interest in science."
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81"Patriotic reverence for the history of a nation often does more to impede than to encourage progress."
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82"Government should never censor the artistic works or historical displays that a museum wishes to exhibit."
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83"Government should preserve publicly owned wilderness areas in their natural state, even though these areas are often extremely remote and thus accessible to only a few people."
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84"In any field of endeavor, it is impossible to make a significant contribution without first being strongly influenced by past achievements within that field."
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85"Government funding of the arts threatens the integrity of the arts."
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86"Young people should be encouraged to pursue long-term, realistic goals rather than seek immediate fame and recognition."
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87"In any field of inquiry, the beginner is more likely than the expert to make important discoveries."
DNA螺旋分子的发现者当时只有30来岁,他们成功第一个从以前科学家的惯性思维中脱离出来,不再考虑平面,考虑立体~
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88"Technologies not only influence but actually determine social customs and ethics."
我就是这道题想到去了解bioethics的.
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89"Leaders are created primarily by the demands that are placed upon them."
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90"College students should be encouraged to pursue subjects that interest them rather than seek programs that promise entry into the job market."
2者是可以结合的,例如生物和伦理学。前者很热门,而且后者相对冷门。
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91"Most people think that their deeply held values are the result of rational choice, but reason often has little to do with the way people form values."
?感觉可以提到些,但是不确定。(理性使我们觉得不能协助别人自杀,但是价值观使我们觉得不能让别人过于痛苦~)
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92"In any academic area or professional field, it is just as important to recognize the limits of our knowledge and understanding as it is to acquire new facts and information."
纳米科技在未成型前不也是科幻小说家的一种幻想么?
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93"The concept of 'individual responsibility' is a necessary fiction. Although societies must hold individuals accountable for their own actions, people's behavior is largely determined by forces not of their own making."
科学家必须对他们的所作所为负责,他们必须清楚的知道为这个世界带来了什么。例如,人工参与到生物的繁殖和进化过程。
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94"Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student's field of study because acquiring knowledge of various academic disciplines is the best way to become truly educated."
正因为学生物的人去了解了哲学,伦理学方面的知识,才能更好的思考自己的所作所为的客观性,是否符合大部分人的价值观。反之~
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95"People work more productively in teams than individually. Teamwork requires cooperation, which motivates people much more than individual competition does."
DNA双螺旋的发现是一个团队的功劳。
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96"Although, critics who write about the arts tend to deny the existence of any objective standards for evaluating works of art, they have a responsibility to establish standards by which works of art can be judged."
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97"It is unfortunate but true that political decisions and activities affect all aspects of people's lives."
政府关于人口控制的决定大大的影响了我们的生活,甚至还改变了某些人的价值观。
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98"Colleges and universities should offer more courses on popular music, film, advertising, and television because contemporary culture has much greater relevance for students than do arts and literature of the past."
生命科学难道就没有和我们的生活息息相关吗?例如生物伦理学,正在影响我们的思想~
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99"In any realm of life—whether academic, social, business, or political—the only way to succeed is to take a practical, rather than an idealistic, point of view. Pragmatic behavior guarantees survival, whereas idealistic views tend to be superceded by simpler, more immediate options."
纳米科技在未成型前不也是科幻小说家的一种幻想么?
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100"The pressure to achieve high grades in school seriously limits the quality of learning. An educational environment without grades would promote more genuine intellectual development."
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101"Governments should provide funding for artists so that the arts can flourish and be available to all people."
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102"For better or worse, education is a process that involves revising the ideas, beliefs, and values people held in the past."
教育本身就是矛盾的存在体,例如,关于保护动物和生物实验中的大量推崇使用小白鼠的好处~~
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103"The study of history has value only to the extent that it is relevant to our daily lives."
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104"It is primarily through formal education that a culture tries to perpetuate the ideas it favors and discredit the ideas it fears."
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105"The true strength of a country is best demonstrated by the willingness of its government to tolerate challenges from it's own citizens."
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106"All students should be required to take at least one course in ethics, even if taking the course means a decreased emphasis on academic subjects."
未必会影响啊。例如生物和道德~~
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107"Instant communication systems encourage people to form hasty opinions and give quick replies rather than take the time to develop thoughtful, well-reasoned points of view."
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108"In many countries it is now possible to turn on the television and view government at work. Watching these proceedings can help people understand the issues that affect their lives. The more kinds of government proceedings—trials, debates, meetings, etc—that are televised, the more society will benefit."
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109"The purpose of many advertisements is to make consumers want to buy a product so that they will 'be like' the person in the ad. This practice is effective because it not only sells products but also helps people feel better about themselves."
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110"When we concern ourselves with the study of history, we become storytellers. Because we can never know the past directly but must construct it by interpreting evidence, exploring history is more of a creative enterprise than it is an objective pursuit. All historians are storytellers."
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111"The worldwide distribution of television programs and advertisements is seriously diminishing the differences among cultures."
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112"Some educational systems emphasize the development of students' capacity for reasoning and logical thinking, but students would benefit more from an education that also taught them to explore their own emotions."
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113"It is primarily through our identification with social groups that we define ourselves."
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114"Humanity has made little real progress over the past century or so. Technological innovations have taken place, but the overall condition of humanity is no better. War, violence, and poverty are still with us. Technology cannot change the condition of humanity."
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115"It is through the use of logic and of precise, careful measurement that we become aware of our progress. Without such tools, we have no reference points to indicate how far we have advanced or retreated."
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116"With the growth of global networks in such areas as economics and communication, there is no doubt that every aspect of society—including education, politics, the arts, and the sciences—will benefit greatly from international influences."
我们做一项研究,不能仅仅考虑自己所处的环境里人们的看法,还的考虑对世界的影响。例如,关于自杀的研究,在批准安乐死和反对自杀的国家就有完全不同的效果。
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117"The depth of knowledge to be gained from books is richer and broader than what can be learned from direct experience."
如果不通过书本学习到分子生物的基本知识,我们怎么去研究DNA?
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118"In any field of endeavor—the sciences, the humanities, the social sciences, industry, etc.—it is not the attainment of a goal that matters, but rather the ideas and discoveries that are encountered on the way to the goal."
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119"When research priorities are being set for science, education, or any other area, the most important question to consider is: How many people's lives will be improved if the results are successful?"
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120"So much is new and complex today that looking back for an understanding of the past provides little guidance for living in the present."
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