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荣誉版主 AW小组活动奖 IBT Smart Scorpio天蝎座 GRE守护之星

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发表于 2009-6-6 16:02:06 |只看该作者 |倒序浏览
本帖最后由 草木也知愁 于 2009-6-21 16:33 编辑




汇总列表：

0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】汇总贴 & DAY I 主谓一致
0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】第二期——情态动词
0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】第三期——冠词、数词
0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】第四期——虚拟语气
0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】第五期——倒装
0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】第六期——从句
0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】第七期——名词
0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】第八期——代词
0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】第九期——动词的时态
0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】第十期——连词
0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】第十一期——动词、动词语态
0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】第十二期——动词不定式、分词、动名词
0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】第十三期——独立主格、特殊词

前言：

得从句者得天下？有些过了，不过失从句者，必失AW。

SU SY SO的精髓，很大程度上，在于此

GRE级别的阅读让广大同学头疼的两个主要原因——嵌套格式过多

但是，ETS也是不容易的，要在很短的篇幅内做好信息压缩，所以他们采用了比用的两个办法：

也就是“文章信息密度如何压缩”的答案——通过深度词汇 or 通过从句嵌套

没有要求同学们都在自己的文章中写超级嵌套句型

但是对从句，尤其是高级应用的熟悉，对于英语语感思维的养成，以及写作阅读实力的提升，是有充分且必要联系的

改过很多的文章，往往从第一段就可以看出作者的基础扎实与否，很大一个原因但就是句子松散，明显是凌乱堆砌而成

为什么呢？并非简单的词汇句式或者思维出卖了这个作者

实在是因为其句子实在是没有把握好从句的应用。

rater的水平自然是要比我高很多，想必要是想判断这个，应该会更厉害

同时，从句对于文章中思维的传递，也是有很大关系的

中国人的思维远远不是简单句可以承载

这也就是为什么很多很多同学写文章有茶壶里煮饺子的感觉

从句驾驭得当，可以五彩缤纷，如果和虚拟、倒装等用法结合，更是满足SU SY SO的精髓

不废话了

大家自己好好看，务必熟知基础用法，同时结合例句去揣摩

有了一定基础之后，通过GRE长难句教程的合理训练

不多时你的文章就可以发生很奇妙的变化的

when you be there, you'll see~

by 草木也知愁

=====================
=====================

从句

从句是相对于主句而言的，即它是从属于某一个主句，而不能单独作一个句子。在英语中，主要有三大从句，即名词性从句（包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）、形容词性从句（即定语从句）、副词性从句（即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等）。

名词性从句主语从句1. 主语从句可直接位于主语的位置，如果从句较长，谓语又较短，可用it作形式主语，而将从句放在句末。常见的句型有：

*It is a fact\a pity\a question\good news that...
*It seems\appears\happened\has turned out that...
*It is clear\important\likely\possible that...
*It is said\reported\estimated\has been proved that...
*It is said that comic books create a connection between people of the same generation.
*It seems that the performance is very useful.

2. what引导的主语从句表示“...的东西时”，一般不用it作形式主语。
What we lack is experience.

3. what, who, when, why, whether等词含有各自的疑问意义，但它们引导的主语从句，都用陈述语序。
How the plan is to be carried out should be discussed again.
I did know why I felt like crying.



宾语从句

1. 宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后。连词that常可省略。介词后一般接疑问词引导的宾语从句。in that(因为),except that(除了),but that(只是）已构成固定搭配，其他介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句。
*I promised that I would change the situation.
*All this is different from what American young people would say about friendship.
*He is certain that watching so much television is not good for children.
*This article is well-written except that it is a bit too long.

2. 宾语从句后如有宾补，要用形式宾语it来代替，而把宾语从句移至宾补之后。
He has made it clear that he would not change his mind.

3. 在think, believe, suppose, expect等动词后的宾语从句中，如果谓语是否定的，一般将否定词移至主句谓语上，宾语从句则变成肯定形式。
He didn't think that the money was well spent.
表语从句 表语从句出现在结构为“主语+系动词+表语从句”的句子中。表语从句除可用that, what, when, why, whether, how等引导外，还可由because, as if(though)等引导。that常可省略。如主句主语为reason,只能用that引导表语从句，不可用because.
Perhaps the most important thing to remember is that there is no one common type of life in America.
The reason why so many people died there is that there were not enough food supplies.
It looks as if successful international cultural communication will make the world smaller.


同位语从句

同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明，一般用连词that引导，由于先行名词的意义不同，也可用whether, who, when, where, what, why, how等引导。常见的先行名词有fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,problem,report,decision.有时由于谓语较短，将同位语从句位于谓语之后。
She finally made the decision that she would join the fashion show.
I had no idea how many books I could borrow at a time.
The news came that their team had won the championship.

用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：

　　　 a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句
　　　　　It is necessary that…　　有必要……
　　　　　It is important that…　　重要的是……
　　　　　It is obvious that…　　很明显……　　

　　　 b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句
　　　　　It is believed that…　　　　　人们相信……
　　　　　It is known to all that…　　　从所周知……
　　　　　It has been decided that…　　已决定……

　　　 c. It + be +名词+ that-从句
　　　　　It is common knowledge that…　 ……是常识
　　　　　It is a surprise that…　　 令人惊奇的是……
　　　　　It is a fact that…　　　　 事实是……

　　　 d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句
　　　　　It appears that…　　　　　　似乎……
　　　　　It happens that…　　　　　　碰巧……
　　　　　It occurred to me that…　　 我突然想起……





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沙发
发表于 2009-6-6 16:02:49 |只看该作者
本帖最后由 草木也知愁 于 2009-6-6 16:22 编辑

形容词性从句（即定语从句）

定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是名词或代词，也可以是一个句子。定语从句通常位于先行词之后，由关系代词或关系副词引导。

限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句修饰先行词，对先行词起修饰作用，紧接先行词之后，无逗号，若省去，原句意思不完整。引导定语从句的关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, that等。who, whom, whose用于指人，whose有时也可指物，相当于of which；which用于指物；that既可指人也可指物，但只用于限制性定语从句中。关系代词除了引导定语从句，替代先行词外，还在从句中担任主语、宾语、定语等。

The computers and cables which make up the Internet are owned by people and organizations.
Those who live alone or who are sick may have trouble in getting close to other people.
The girl whose parents died in an accident is living with her grandmother.

1)当先行词是all, anything, everything, something, nothing等不定代词或先行词前有first, last, any, few, much, some, no, only以及形容词最高级修饰时，只能用关系代词that引导从句。
That is all that I've heard from him.
He's the first person that I'm going to interview this afternoon.

2)关系代词的省略
在从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。关系代词紧跟介词，作介词宾语时不可用that，只可用which或whom引导从句，并且不可省略，但当介词位于宾语从句句末时，作为介词宾语的关系代词仍可用that，也可省略。
This is one of those things with which we have to put up.
This is one of those things (which\that) we have to put up with.

3)引导定语从句的关系副词有when,where,why等。关系副词在从句中作状语，意义上相当于一个“介词+which”的结构。
Even in comic books where(=in which) there are no words,the stories are fully expressed through the drawings.
No one knows the reason why(=for which) he was so angry that day.
非限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词，也可修饰整个主句，起补充说明作用，与主句之间有逗号隔开，若省去，原句意思不受影响。不可用that引导非限制性定语从句。关系词不可省略。

Every object has a gravitational pull,which is rather like magnetism.
*“介词+which\whom\whose”引导的定语从句
“介词+which\whom\whose”可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句，该结构中介词的选择取决于从句谓语动词的固定搭配，或先行词的习惯搭配。
This is the computer on which he spent all his savings
It is written by a person with whom we are all familiar.

as引导的定语从句

as引导的定语从句主要用于“such...as”及“the same...as”的结构中，代替先行词是人或物的名词。as引导非限制性定语从句时，代替整个主句，从句可位于主句之前、之后或中间。
These are not such problems as can be easily solved.(as代替先行词problems)
As is mentioned above,no single company or group can control what happens on the Internet.(as代替主语)
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板凳
发表于 2009-6-6 16:03:23 |只看该作者
本帖最后由 cjlu 于 2009-6-6 23:16 编辑

副词性从句（即状语从句）

时间状语从句引导时间状语从句的从属连词和词组有：
1）when, whenever, while, as, after, before, since, till, until, once等。
We have learnt quite a lot about it since we came here.

2)as soon as, hardly(scarcely)...when, no sooner...than, each(every) time, the moment, immediately(that)等。
As soon as I sent an e-mail message, I received positive responses.
The moment he heard the good news, he jumped with joy.
地点状语从句引导地点状语从句的连词是where, wherever.
Wherever she went, she took her little daughter with her.
Where I live there are plenty of trees.　　我住的地方树很多。
Wherever I am I will be thinking of you.   不管我在哪里我都会想到你。
原因状语从句引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because, as, since, now(that),seeing that, considering that, in that等。
Considering that he is a freshman, we must say he is doing well.

比较：because, since, as和for

1）　because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或 since。
　 I didn't go, because I was afraid.
　 Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.

2）　由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。
　 He is absent today, because / for he is ill.
　 He must be ill, for he is absent today.
结果状语从句引导结果状语从句的连词有：so...that, such...that, so that, that, so等。
Mickey Mouse is so attractive that the children are reluctant to leave.

比较： so和 such

　其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so 是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。 so 还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用，形成固定搭配。
　so foolish　　　　　　　such a fool　　　　　　　
　so nice a flower　　　　such a nice flower　
　　
　so many / few flowers　 such nice flowers　　　　
　so much / little money. such rapid progress　　　
　so many people　　　　　such a lot of people　
　
（ so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 虽相当于 many，但 a lot of 为名词性的，只能用such搭配。）
　 so…that与 such…that之间的转换既为 so与such之间的转换。
　 The boy is so young that he can't go to school.
　 He is such a young boy that he can't go to school



目的状语从句

引导目的状语从句的连词有：so that, in order that, for fear that, lest等，从句常使用may, might, can, could, would等情态动词。
We got up early this morning so that we could catch the first bus to the railway station.
例如：
　　 You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.
　　 He wrote the name down for fear that(lest) he should forget it.
　　 Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.

条件状语从句

引导条件状语从句的连词和词组有if,unless,as(so) long as,on condition that,in case,provided(providing) that,supposing等。
As long as you have the right equipment,you can use a telephone line to transmit computer data.
if 引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。非真实条件句已在虚拟语气中阐述。
unless = if not.　
　 Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired.
　 If you are not too tied, let's go out for a walk.

典型例题
You will be late ___ you leave immediately.　
A. unless　 B. until　 C. if　　D. or
　答案A。
句意：除非你立即走，否则你就回迟到的。可转化为 If you dong leave immediately, you will be late.　B、D句意不对，or表转折，句子如为 You leave immediately or you will be late.


让步状语从句引导让步状语从句的连词和词组有though, although, whether, even though, even if, no matter what(when, how...),whatever(whenever, wherever, however....)等。though, even if等引导状语从句可转换成含有as的部分倒装结构，具有强调意义。其结构为“形容词（副词、动词、名词）+as+主语+谓语”。
No matter what you may say,I would not change my mind.
Young as he is,he is quite experienced in this work.(=though he is young)
Child as he is,he can speak English fluently.(=though he is a child)


1）though, although
　注意：
当有though, although时，后面的从句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用
　Although it's raining, they are still working in the field.　
　虽然在下雨，但他们仍在地里干活。
　He is very old, but he still works very hard.　
　虽然他很老，但仍然努力地工作。
　Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may remain.
　伤口虽愈合，但伤疤留下了。
（谚语）
典型例题
___she is young, she knows quite a lot.　
A. When　B. However　 C. Although　 D. Unless
答案：C。意为虽然她很年轻，却知道许多。


2)　as, though 引导的倒装句
　 as / though引导的让步从句必须表语或状语提前（形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前）。
　　Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.
　= Though he was a small child, he knew what was the right thing to do.
注意： a.　句首名词不能带任何冠词。
　　　　b.　句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。
　　 Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
　 = Though he tries hard, he never seems…
　虽然他尽了努力，但他的工作总做的不尽人意。


3)　even if, even though.　即使
　　We'll make a trip even though the weather is bad.


4) whether…or-　 不管……都
　　 Whether you believe it or not, it is true.


5)　"no matter +疑问词" 或"疑问词+后缀ever"
　　 No matter what happened, he would not mind.
　　 Whatever happened, he would not mind.
　 替换：no matter what = whatever
　　　　 no matter who = whoever
　　　　 no matter when = whenever
　　　　 no matter where = wherever
　　　　 no matter which = whichever
　　　　 no matter how = however
　 注意：no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。
　（错）No matter what you say is of no use now.
　（对）Whatever you say is of no use now.
　　　 你现在说什么也没用了。(Whatever you say是主语从句)
　（错）Prisoners have to eat no matter what they're given,
　（对）Prisoners have to eat whatever they're given.　囚犯们只能给什么吃什么。方式状语
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地板
发表于 2009-6-6 16:04:00 |只看该作者
本帖最后由 草木也知愁 于 2009-6-6 16:22 编辑

从句部分练习题（1）：

1. It was the belief _____ Alex Haley could find his “root” in Africa _____ made him decide to go to Gambia.
A. that; where        B.  where; that       C.  that; that        D.  how; which



2. I believe _____ you’ve done your best and _____ things will improve very soon.
A. whether; that        B.  不填; that       C.  that; which        D.  if; that



3. _____ was known to them that Bob had broken his promise _____ he would give them a rise.
A. What; what        B.  It; which       C.  As; that        D.  It; that



4. _____ we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work.
A. For now        B.  Since that       C.  Now that        D.  By now



5. I have been keeping the portrait _____ I can see it every day, as it always reminds me of my childhood in Paris.
A. since        B.  where        C.  as        D.  if



6. _____ he was, he sat up late studying last night.A. As tired        B.  Though tired       C.  Tired as        D.  Tired although



7. --- Would you like a cigarette?--- No. It’s several years _____ I gave up smoking.
A. after        B.  since        C.  when        D.  before



8. My favorite room is the tidy study with a fireplace, _____ we can watch TV and enjoy the nice scenery outside.
A. where        B.  when        C.  that        D.  which



9. It is an interesting story and one can’t put it down _____ one has finished reading it.
A. after        B.  when        C.  unless        D.  until



10. --- Will you go to Mary’s birthday party?--- No. _____ invited, I can’t go. I’ll be too busy then.
A. If        B.  Unless        C.  Even if        D.  When



11. Actually, girls can be _____ they want to be just like boys, whether it is a pilot, an astronaut, or a general manager.
A. wherever        B.  however        C.  whatever        D.  whoever



12. No sooner had they settled themselves in their seats in the theatre _____ the curtain went up.
A. than        B.  when        C.  before        D.  as soon as



13. We’ll start off as we planned _____.
A. no matter he will come or not       B.  no matter whether he will come or not
C.  whether is he coming or not       D.  whether he comes or not



14. To my delight, there was my purse in the back seat of the taxi, _____ the driver couldn’t possibly have seen it before.
A. that        B.  which        C.  where        D.  when



15. They wouldn’t let their cat outside _____ it would get run over.
A. otherwise        B.  supposing       C.  for fear that        D.  so that



CBDCB CBADC CABCC

从句部分练习题（2）

1. _____ is known to the world, China’s Liu Xiang became the first Asian in history to win the men’s 110m hurdles at the Olympic Games.
A. That        B.  Which        C.  As        D.  It



2. Living in the Central American desert has its problems, _____ obtaining water is not the least.
A. of which        B.  for what        C.  as        D.  whose



3. I don’t know the reason _____ you were absent from the meeting, but I am sure that someone will tell me the reason _____ you haven’t told me.
A. why; that        B.  that; why        C.  because; which        D.  of which; that



4. When she came back from abroad, Lucy told us about the cities and the people _____ she had visited.
A. that        B.  who        C.  where        D.  which



5. Because of the traffic jam _____ I was caught, I was late for the meeting.
A. by which        B.  in which        C.  that        D.  where



6. There are three things _____ make Sydney famous, its beautiful harbor, the Sydney Harbor Bridge and the Sydney Opera House.
A. what        B.  that        C.  when        D.  where



7. The painter lived more than a decade in Europe, _____ he could be in close touch with other artists.
A. where        B.  how        C.  when        D.  which



8. The soldiers had to sleep in their wet clothes, _____ most uncomfortable.
A. which I think it was       B.  which I think was
C.  which I think               D.  that I think was



9. The humans are destroying nature day by day, _____ of course, will cause severe punishment from it sooner or later.
A. who        B.  when        C.  where        D.  which



10. He knew the files could be of help to _____ took over the job.
A. whoever        B.  whomever        C.  whatever        D.  whosever



11. _____ China got the second place in the 2004 Olympic Games made the whole nation very excited.
A. Whenever        B.  Whether        C.  If        D.  That



12. An idea occurred to me _____ I might turn to my English teacher for help.
A. which        B.  that        C.  where        D.  when



13. _____ was of little importance.
A. Whether he passed the examination or not      B.  No matter he might pass the examination
C.  He might pass the examination                      D.  What he passed the examination



14. The thick smog covered the whole city. It was _____ a great black blanket had been thrown over it.
A. that        B.  because        C.  as if        D.  even if



15. Word came from Mr. Smith _____ he could arrive on the following Saturday.
A. about which        B.  that        C.  whether        D.  of which



(Keys: CAAAC  BABDA  DBACB)


从句部分练习题（3）

1. I’ll go to the party with you _____ you don’t wear those strange trousers.
        A. on condition that        B.  as soon as       C.  as though        D.  in this case



2. I like the city, but I like the country better _____ I have more friends there.
        A. so that        B.  in that       C.  so as to        D.  in order that



3. The great use of a school education is not so much to teach you things _____ to teach you the art of learning.
        A. than        B.  rather than        C.  nor        D.  as



4. You may use my room as you like, _____ you clean it up afterwards.
        A. so far as        B.  as well as       C.  as soon as        D.  so long as



5. I shall take you back to France _____ you are well enough to travel.
        A. presently        B.  quickly        C.  directly        D.  at once



6. Let’s talk all this over again _____ we make a final decision.
        A. after        B.  while        C.  before        D.  when



7. Mr. Smith wanted to buy the house and he told me that _____ the house cost, it would be _____ it.
        A. however; worth        B.  how much; worth       C.  whatever; worth        D.  what; worthy



8. --- Why didn’t you try your best to get on the bus?
    --- I tried to, but _____ I could it started moving.
        A. until        B.  when        C.  before        D.  after



9. Perhaps _____ most separates the successful people from others is _____ they live on purpose.
        A. what; that        B.  that; what       C.  that; that        D.  what; what



10. I had not been reading for half an hour _____ I heard steps outside.
        A. when        B.  that        C.  while        D.  as



11. The parents were worried about their daughter because nobody was aware of _____ she had gone.
        A. to which        B.  the place which       C.  the place        D.  where



12. --- They don’t have much in their house yet.
      ---_____ they’re planning to live here only until Bob gets his degree, they don’t want to buy much furniture.
        A. While        B.  Although        C.  Since        D.  As far as



13. It was an unforgettable moment that our volleyball team won the gold medal again.
        A. that        B.  which        C.  when        D.  while



14. --- Do you know _____ Mr. Black’s address is?
      --- He may live at No. 18 or No. 19 of Bridge Street.
        A. which        B.  where        C.  what        D.  that



15. When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule: Always give the monkey exactly _____ he wants.
        A. what        B.  which        C.  when        D.  that



16. I’ll see you after the show and give you $20 for the tickets, or _____ much they cost.
        A. whatever        B.  whether        C.  no matter        D.  however



17. We should be able to do the job for you quickly, _____ you give us all the necessary information.
        A. in case of        B.  provided that       C.  or else        D.  as if



18. I felt somewhat disappointed and was about to leave, _____ something occurred, which attracted my attention.
        A. unless        B.  until        C.  when        D.  while



19. Determination is a kind of quality --- and that is _____ it takes to do anything well.
        A. that        B.  which        C.  why        D.  what



20. The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point _____ he can walk correctly and safely.
        A. when        B.  where        C.  which        D.  how



21. Many policemen on duty will not be able to spare one minute to watch the football match, _____ they might only be meters away from the action.
        A. because        B.  although        C.  if        D.  where



22. After five hours’ drive, they reached _____ they thought was the place they’d been dreaming of.
        A. that        B.  where        C.  which        D.  what



23. _____ you keep on trying, I don’t really mind whether you can come out top in your class.
        A. So long as        B.  As soon as       C.  Once        D.  The moment



24. There is no doubt _____ China is always trying to keep world peace and is against any war.
        A. that        B.  whether        C.  if        D.  when



25. There is a teapot shaped like a Chinese duck, out of _____ mouth tea is supposed to come.
        A. which        B.  that        C.  its        D.  whose



[reference keys]


ABDDC  CCCAA  DBACA  DBCDB  BDAAD
新世界！

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银落
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AW活动特殊奖 Gemini双子座 GRE梦想之帆 GRE斩浪之魂 荣誉版主 寄托兑换店纪念章

5楼
发表于 2009-6-6 19:47:54 |只看该作者
条件状语从句中的  即使。。。打错了。。是even if吧应该。。。而不是ever if
sometimes miracle comes
just for my belief

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荣誉版主 AW小组活动奖 IBT Smart Scorpio天蝎座 GRE守护之星

6楼
发表于 2009-6-6 23:17:39 |只看该作者
改过来了^^谢谢楼上指正 5# 银落
新世界！

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GRE梦想之帆

7楼
发表于 2009-6-10 01:51:10 |只看该作者
路的第一篇精华！！
我都米看到~~ 错了~~ 好好学习~~
加油加油^^
用一生写一个童话^^ 要让你看到O(∩_∩)O~

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8楼
发表于 2009-6-15 19:43:17 |只看该作者
收下
choose,do and never give up.

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9楼
发表于 2009-11-17 12:42:36 |只看该作者

cicialice学习笔记

名词性从句
宾语从句后如有宾补，要用形式宾语it来代替，而把宾语从句移至宾补之后。
He has made it clear that he would not change his mind.

在think, believe, suppose, expect等动词后的宾语从句中，如果谓语是否定的，一般将否定词移至主句谓语上，宾语从句则变成肯定形式。
He didn't think that the money was well spent.

表语从句出现在结构为“主语+系动词+表语从句”的句子中。表语从句除可用that, what, when, why, whether, how等引导外，还可由because, as if(though)等引导。that常可省略。如主句主语为reason,只能用that引导表语从句，不可用because.
The reason why so many people died there is that there were not enough food supplies.
It looks as if successful international cultural communication will make the world smaller.

用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：

　　　 a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句
　　　　　It is necessary that…　　有必要……
　　　　　It is important that…　　重要的是……
　　　　　It is obvious that…　　很明显……　　

　　　 b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句
　　　　　It is believed that…　　　　　人们相信……
　　　　　It is known to all that…　　　从所周知……
　　　　　It has been decided that…　　已决定……

　　　 c. It + be +名词+ that-从句
　　　　　It is common knowledge that…　 ……是常识
　　　　　It is a surprise that…　　 令人惊奇的是……
　　　　　It is a fact that…　　　　 事实是……

　　　 d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句
　　　　　It appears that…　　　　　　似乎……
　　　　　It happens that…　　　　　　碰巧……
　　　　　It occurred to me that…　　 我突然想起……

形容词性从句
当先行词是all, anything, everything, something, nothing等不定代词或先行词前有first, last, any, few, much, some, no, only以及形容词最高级修饰时，只能用关系代词that引导从句。

引导定语从句的关系副词有when,where,why等。关系副词在从句中作状语，意义上相当于一个“介词+which”的结构。
Even in comic books where(=in which) there are no words,the stories are fully expressed through the drawings.
No one knows the reason why(=for which) he was so angry that day.
非限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词，也可修饰整个主句，起补充说明作用，与主句之间有逗号隔开，若省去，原句意思不受影响。不可用that引导非限制性定语从句。关系词不可省略。

*“介词+which\whom\whose”引导的定语从句 （这简直是北美范文里面最爱用到的句子结构！学习之学习之……）
“介词+which\whom\whose”可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句，该结构中介词的选择取决于从句谓语动词的固定搭配，或先行词的习惯搭配。
This is the computer on which he spent all his savings
It is written by a person with whom we are all familiar.

as引导的定语从句

as引导的定语从句主要用于“such...as”及“the same...as”的结构中，代替先行词是人或物的名词。as引导非限制性定语从句时，代替整个主句，从句可位于主句之前、之后或中间。
These are not such problems as can be easily solved.(as代替先行词problems)
As is mentioned above,no single company or group can control what happens on the Internet.(as代替主语)

副词性从句（即状语从句）
as soon as, hardly(scarcely)...when, no sooner...than, each(every) time, the moment, immediately(that)等。

原因状语从句引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because, as, since, now(that),seeing that, considering that, in that等。
Considering that he is a freshman, we must say he is doing well.

if 引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。非真实条件句已在虚拟语气中阐述。
unless = if not.　
　 Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired.
　 If you are not too tied, let's go out for a walk.

though, even if等引导状语从句可转换成含有as的部分倒装结构，具有强调意义。其结构为“形容词（副词、动词、名词）+as+主语+谓语”。
No matter what you may say,I would not change my mind.
Young as he is,he is quite experienced in this work.(=though he is young)
Child as he is,he can speak English fluently.(=though he is a child)

当有though, although时，后面的从句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用
Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may remain.
伤口虽愈合，但伤疤留下了。

注意：no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。
　（错）No matter what you say is of no use now.
　（对）Whatever you say is of no use now.
　　　 你现在说什么也没用了。(Whatever you say是主语从句)
　（错）Prisoners have to eat no matter what they're given,
　（对）Prisoners have to eat whatever they're given.　囚犯们只能给什么吃什么。方式状语
Alice~管他过去过不去的~！

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10楼
发表于 2009-11-26 13:22:55 |只看该作者
其他从句都好说，我一直都觉得同位语从句特别难以辨认，尤其是因为过长被放在谓语后面的时候。

同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明，一般用连词that引导，由于先行名词的意义不同，也可用whether, who, when, where, what, why, how等引导。常见的先行名词有fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,problem,report,decision.有时由于谓语较短，将同位语从句位于谓语之后。

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11楼
发表于 2009-12-6 01:09:26 |只看该作者
本帖最后由 lilylove0624 于 2009-12-6 01:20 编辑

12. --- They don’t have much in their house yet.
      ---_____ they’re planning to live here only until Bob gets his degree, they don’t want to buy much furniture.
        A. While        B.  Although        C.  Since        D.  As far as



选b么？为什么不是c呢

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12楼
发表于 2009-12-6 01:21:37 |只看该作者
本帖最后由 lilylove0624 于 2009-12-7 00:51 编辑

不小心多发了一遍。。

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13楼
发表于 2009-12-15 20:45:12 |只看该作者
本帖最后由 小灵易碎 于 2009-12-15 21:20 编辑

第一组错题
2. I believe _____ you’ve done your best and _____ things will improve very soon.
A. whether; that        B.  不填; that       C.  that; which        D.  if; that
正确答案B

6. _____ he was, he sat up late studying last night.
A. As tired        B.  Though tired       C.  Tired as        D.  Tired although
正确答案C，我也有疑问，为什么不是B

第二组错题
4. When she came back from abroad, Lucy told us about the cities and the people _____ she had visited.
A. that        B.  who        C.  where        D.  which
正确答案A

5. Because of the traffic jam _____ I was caught, I was late for the meeting.
A. by which        B.  in which        C.  that        D.  where
正确答案C

第三组
话说这个13题是什么状况？
13. It was an unforgettable moment that our volleyball team won the gold medal again.
        A. that        B.  which        C.  when        D.  while

7. Mr. Smith wanted to buy the house and he told me that _____ the house cost, it would be _____ it.
A. however; worth        B.  how much; worth       C.  whatever; worth        D.  what; worthy
正确答案C，记住了 be worth it ,不是be worthy of.

18. I felt somewhat disappointed and was about to leave, _____ something occurred, which attracted my attention.
        A. unless        B.  until        C.  when        D.  while
正确答案C

19. Determination is a kind of quality --- and that is _____ it takes to do anything well.
A. that        B.  which        C.  why        D.  what
正确答案D

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14楼
发表于 2009-12-15 20:47:24 |只看该作者
小灵的学习笔记
用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：
　　　 a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句
　　　　　It is necessary that…　　有必要……
　　　　　It is important that…　　重要的是……
　　　　　It is obvious that…　　很明显……　　

　　　 b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句
　　　　　It is believed that…　　　　　人们相信……
　　　　　It is known to all that…　　　从所周知……
　　　　　It has been decided that…　　已决定……

　　　 c. It + be +名词+ that-从句
　　　　　It is common knowledge that…　 ……是常识
　　　　　It is a surprise that…　　 令人惊奇的是……
　　　　　It is a fact that…　　　　 事实是……

　　　 d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句
　　　　　It appears that…　　　　　　似乎……
　　　　　It happens that…　　　　　　碰巧……
　　　　　It occurred to me that…　　 我突然想起……

2)关系代词的省略
在从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。关系代词紧跟介词，作介词宾语时不可用that，只可用which或whom引导从句，并且不可省略，但当介词位于宾语从句句末时，作为介词宾语的关系代词仍可用that，也可省略。
This is one of those things with which we have to put up.
This is one of those things (which\that) we have to put up with.



比较：because, since, as和for

1）　because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或 since。
　 I didn't go, because I was afraid.
　 Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.

2）　由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。
　 He is absent today, because / for he is ill.
　 He must be ill, for he is absent today.
结果状语从句引导结果状语从句的连词有：so...that, such...that, so that, that, so等。
Mickey Mouse is so attractive that the children are reluctant to leave.

比较： so和 such

　其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so 是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。 so 还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用，形成固定搭配。
　so foolish　　　　　　　such a fool　　　　　　　
　so nice a flower　　　　such a nice flower　
　　
　so many / few flowers　 such nice flowers　　　　
　so much / little money. such rapid progress　　　
　so many people　　　　　such a lot of people　
　
（ so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 虽相当于 many，但 a lot of 为名词性的，只能用such搭配。）
　 so…that与 such…that之间的转换既为 so与such之间的转换。
　 The boy is so young that he can't go to school.
　 He is such a young boy that he can't go to school

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小灵易碎
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发表于 2009-12-15 21:07:53 |只看该作者
本帖最后由 小灵易碎 于 2009-12-15 21:21 编辑

12. --- They don’t have much in their house yet.
      ---_____ they’re planning to live here only until Bob gets his degree, they don’t want to buy much furniture.
        A. While        B.  Although        C.  Since        D.  As far as
======================
哎呀不小心挡住你提问了，lx回答吧？同问，我也做错了~

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RE: 0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】第六期——从句 [修改]
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