三、分布 distribution：
单侧 unilateral；双侧 bilateral,(in)both(lung fields)；对称 symmetric；不对称 asymmetric；孤立 solitary；散在 scattered；融合 confluence(confluent)；中心性 central；偏心性 eccentric；周围的 periphery，peripheral；主要 predominantly，primarily；in a segmental or lobar distribution；(sth) on the left；in the left lower zone；稀疏；集中；
五、大小 size：
大 large；小 small；
扩大 enlarge/enlargement；扩张 dilatation；膨胀 distention；缩小 shrink；体积缩小 loss of volume；狭窄 stenosis，narrowing；闭塞 occlusion，obliteration，emphraxis；
生长速率 rate of growth；倍增时间 doubling time；
直径小于3厘米 less than 3cm in diameter；不超过1厘米 (small nodules)10 mm or less in size；直径增长25% 25% increase in diameter；体积增大一倍 doubling of volume；
大小不同的 of varying sizes；
（3）年（Year）和日[Day]
• [1st (First) year] 第1年
• [2nd (Second) year] 第2年
• [3rd (Third)year] 第3年
• [4th (Forth) year] 第4年
• [One year (day)] 1年（天）
• [Two years (days)] 2年（天）
• [Whole year] 整年
• [1st (First)] 1日
• [2rd (Second)] 2日
• [3rd (Third)] 3日
• [5th (Fifth)] 5日
• [Today] 今天
•明天[Tomorrow]
•昨天[Yesterday]
•前天[The day bdfore yesterday]
•后天[The day after tomorrow]
•大前天[3 days ago]
•大后天[3 days hence]
•今晚[Tonight]
•昨晚[Last night]
•明晚[Next night]
•通宵[All night]
•整天[All day (the whole day)]
（4）季节[Season]和时节[Solar terms]
•春季[Spring]
•夏季[Summer]
•秋季[Autumn]
•冬季[Winter]
•立春（夏、秋、冬）[the Beginning of Spiring (Summer;Autumn;Winter)]
•小暑（雪、寒）[Slight Heat (Snow;Cold)]
•大暑（雪、寒）[Great Heat (Snow;Cold)]
•雨水[Rain Water]
•惊蛰[the Waking of Insects]
•春（秋）分[the Spiring (Autumnal) Equinox]
•清明[Pure Brightness]
•谷雨[Grain Rain]
•小满[Grain Full]
•芒种[Grain in Ear]
•夏（冬至）[the Summer (Winter) Solstice]
•处暑[the Limit of Heat]
•白（寒）露[White (Cold) Dew]
•霜降[Frost’s Descent]
（5）时间的表示方法
•In[在……内（后）]
▲在2003年[In 2003]
▲在3月[In March(Mar.)]
▲在去年10月[In last Oct.]
▲在早晨[In the morning]
▲在上午[In the forenoon]
▲在下午[In the afternoon]
▲在晚上[In the evening]
▲在近5天[In the past 5 days]
▲在10分钟后[In 10 minutes]
▲在秋季[In autumn]
▲在这2～3天内[In a couple of days]
•Within[在……中]
▲在近8个月中[Within the last 8 months]
▲在过去的2年中[Within the preceding 2 years]
•On[在……时候]
▲在2002的9月18日[On the 18th of September,2002(英国)or On sept.18th,2002(美国)
▲在星期三[On Wednesday]
▲在本月7日[On 7th instant]
•At[在……时]
▲在中午[At noon]
▲在晚上[At night]
▲在昨晚[At last (preceding;previous )night]
▲在半夜[At midnight]
▲在上午10点钟[At 10AM]
▲在5岁时[At the age of five]
▲在2000年底（中、初）[At the end (middle;beginning) of 2000]
•For[计……时间]
▲一周[For one week]
▲近2个月来[For the past 2 months]
▲几乎（整整）一年[For nearly a month (a full month)]
▲3个月左右[For 3 months or so]
▲至少3个月[For at least 3 months]
▲3个月以上[For more than 3 months]
▲3个月或以上[For 3months or more]
▲时间不详[For an unknown(indefinite) period (time)]
•Of[在……时期]
▲10年内[Of 10 years` duration]
▲期间[Length of time]
▲6月6日[The 6th of June]
•Dring[在……期间]
▲在2000-2005年的几年中[During the years form 2000 to 2005]
▲在这4年中[During four years]
▲在过去的几周中[During the past(Last) couple of weeks]
▲在夜间[During the night]
▲整天[During the entire day]
•About [约]
▲约1个半小时[About one and half an hour]
▲大约半年[About half a year]
•To[至；在……之前]
▲从今下午点至明上午8点[Form 6 PM today to 8 AM tomorrow]
▲6点45分[At fifteen to seven]
•From[从……起]
▲从14岁至52岁[From 14 to 52 year-old]
▲从上午7点30分开始[Form 7:30AM]
▲从周一至周五[From Monday through Friday]
•Past[过去；超过]
▲在过去的3周中[In the past 3 weeks]
▲8点10分[ten minutes past eight]
•Through or throughout[在……整个期间]
▲通宵值班[Be on duty through the night]
▲从一月到六月[From January through June]
▲熬过明晚[Through the next nigut]
▲整天（晚）[Throughout the day (night)]
•Over[在……期间]
▲在过去的2个月内[Over the past two months]
▲一夜间[Overnight]
（6）其他表示方法
•每月（年、日）一次[Monthly (Yearly; daily)]
•整整一年[Yearlong (Year-round)]
•满周岁[Yearling]
•工作日[Weekday]
•周末[Weekend]
•每周末[Weekends]
•8小时工作日[An eight-hour day]
•整天[Daylong]
•白天[Daytime]
•昼夜[Nighttime]
•日常的[Day-to-day]
•夏令时间[Daylight saving time]
•每晚[Nightly]
•黄昏[Nighfall]
•过期的[Overdue]
•前天晚上（一夜间）[Overnight]
•After [在……之后]
▲婚后[After one`s marriage]
▲ 七点十分[Ten after (past) seven]
▲ 住（出）院后[After admission (discharge)]
▲ 起病后2天[2 days after the onset(attack) of symptoms]
•Before[在……之前]
▲ 7点50分之前[Before seven fifty]
▲ 医生到达前[Before the doctor come]
▲ 以前未有种症状[Have had not the same symptom before]
•Ago[以前]
▲ 5年前[5 years ago]
▲ 直到一个月前[Up to one month ago]
▲ 大前天[Three days ago]
•Prior to[在……之前]
▲ 入（出）院前[Prior to admission (discharge)]
▲ 前天之前[Prior to the day before yesterday]
•Up to[直到]
▲ 直到3周前[Up to 3 weeks ago]
▲ 直到现在（出院）[Up to now (discharge)]
•Until or till[直到]
▲ 直到80岁[Until 80 years old]
▲ 直到今晨8点[Until 8 o`clock this moning]
▲ 直到医生查完房[Until the doctor have finished the ward round]
▲ 直到3年以前[Until 3 years ago]
▲ 直到出院前一天[Until 1 day prior to discharge]
•By[在……之前]
▲ 下午点钟前[By 5 PM]
▲ 下个月之前[By next month]
•Since[从……开始]
▲ 自从去年术后[Since operation was performed last year]
▲ 前天起[Since the day before yesterday]
▲ 从2002年6月起[Since June 2002]
•超时(加班)[Overtime]
•上午8点[8：00AM]
•下午2点30分[2：30PM]
•7点50分[Seven fifty (Ten to eight)]
•9点20分[Nine twenty(Twenty past or after nine)]
•术前[Pre-operation]
•术后[Post-operation]作者: zhangheng1020 时间: 2007-11-27 06:58:49
第三章 现病史[History of present illness (HPI/PI)]
现病史书写的重点包括：
一、主诉中症状的详细描述；
二、疾病的发展过程；
三、诊疗经过；
四、目前的一般情况。
1、诱因
•无诱因下[With no inducing factors]
•无明显诱因下[Under no obvious predisposing causes]
•感冒一周后[After getting (catching) common cold for 1 week]
2、症状出现的叙述
•有……症状
▲suffer from
▲ have an attack of
▲ have(fell)
▲ begin to fell
▲ a feeling (sensation) of……
▲ complain (of)
▲ ……sensation (feeling) in (of) ……
▲ [发热]have a temperature (become feverish)
•在……情况下发生
▲ 活动时呼吸困难[dyspnea on exertion]
▲ 躺下后即出现咳嗽[Cough occurs soon after lying]
•与……有（无）关
▲ 与……有关[be associated with]
▲ 与……有关[have (make) relation to]
▲ 与……无关[have (make)no relation to]
•在……情况下加重（减轻）
▲ 餐后加重[become worse after taking meals]
▲ 站立后缓解[be relieved by standing up]
▲ 随呼吸和咳嗽而加重[become more severe with breathing and cough]
•伴有……
▲ be accompanied by
3、起病方式
•急性腹痛[acute abdominal pain]
•慢性低热[chronic lower fever]
•暴发性发病[the onset was fulminating]
•骤起胸痛[an explosive onset of chest pain]
•突然起病伴高热[the onset was sudden with high fever]
•突发突止[attacks began and ended abruptly]
•因……而突然起病[the attack is precipitated by……]
•很快发生晕厥[syncope occured rapidly]
•逐渐出现咳嗽咳痰[gradual onset of cough and sputum]
•偶而[occasionally (sporadically, accidentally)]
•反复胸闷心悸[recurrent (bouts of) chest discomfort and palpitation]
•一过性发作[transitory attack]
•连续胸痛[chest pain continually]
•时重时轻[waned and waxed]
•时好时坏[hang in the balance]
•不停地咳嗽[have a fit of cough]
•发作性呼吸困难[paroxysmal short of breath]
•频繁咳嗽[cough frequently (very often)]
•持续性（间歇性）[persistent (intermittent)]
•频发胸痛[frequent episodes of chest pain]
•持续不变[be steady]
4、病情变化描述
•[症状好转] ▲fell better than before
▲take a favorable turn
▲take a turn for the better
▲improve
▲make favorable progress
▲turn for the better
▲change for the better
▲be better
•[症状减轻] ▲alleviate
▲reduce
▲palliate
▲diminish
▲ease(lighten)
▲mitigate
•[症状消失] ▲disappear
▲subside
▲regress
▲clear up
▲vanish
▲dissolve
▲die (fade) away
▲relieve
•[症状加重] ▲be (make,become,get) worse
▲worsen
▲become more severe
▲take a turn for the worse
▲be aggravated
▲increase in severity
▲take a bad turn
▲make (become) more serious
▲make (become) heavier
•[无变化] ▲remain the same as……
▲continue without change
▲be identical
▲be alike
▲be similar
▲resemble
•[时好时坏] ▲wane and wax
▲hang in the balance
•[体温/血压升降]
▲ 升至[rise (go up) to ]
▲ 已升至[have risen (gone up) to ]
▲ 从……升至……[go up from …… to……]
▲ 升至[be elevated to]
▲ 迅速下降[fall (decline, abate) abruptly]
▲ 骤降（升）[sudden drop (elevation)]
▲ 渐降（升）[fall (elevate) gradually]
▲ 缓慢下降[slow crisis (lysis) of ]
▲ 一天天下降[be (become) lower day by day]
▲ 开始降低[begin to remit]
▲ 降至正常[drop (was reduced) to normal]
▲ 已降至[have gone down (dropped) to]
▲ 回复到正常[return (revert) to normal]
▲ 由……降（升）至……[fall (elevate) from……to……]
▲ 维持在……水平[maintain at a level of……]
▲ 稳定在……[stabilize at……]
▲ 热退了[fever disappeared]
▲ 不超过[do not go up over (exceed)……]
▲ 在……和……之间波动[fluctuate (vary) between……
and……]
▲ 在……至……范围内[range from……to……]
▲ 平均38.5℃[an average temperature of 38.5℃]
▲ 有39.2℃的体温[have fever (a temperature) of 39.2℃]
5、症状的时间表示
•持续 ▲lasted for 2 days
▲have gone on for 1 month
▲have continued for 10 hours
▲lasted on the average 3-5 hours
▲lasted a variable time from 5 minutes to several hours
▲lasted about half an hour
•超过（不到）[move than (less than)]
•……以前[two years ago]
•多在……时发生[usually between 3 and 5 PM]
•未发作过[be free of onsets (attacks) for 2 weeks]
6、症状的严重程度
•轻度[mild (slight)]
•中度[moderate]
•重度[severe (serious)]
7、症状的其他描述方法
•[部位] ▲be located (situated) in (over)[位于]
▲There is localized pain in……[疼痛位于]
▲near……[在……附近]
▲be localized to (in, over)[局限于]
▲be limited (confined) to[局限于]
•[表示部位的介词]
▲心尖部，表示小的部位或点[at the apex]
▲上腹部，表示大的部位[in the upper abdomen]
▲在左下肢，表示皮肤表面上（下）的病变[on (beneath) the
left lower limb]
▲在右肺，表示正上方的相应体表部位[over the right lung]
▲嘴上（下）方，表示高低或上下的位置关系[above (below)
the mouth]
▲左乳皮下[under the skin of the left breast]
•[转移/放射]
▲转移到……[shift (migrate) to……]
▲放射到……[radiate (travel,go,refer)to……]
▲从……放射到……[radiate from……to……]
•[耳鼻咽喉及口腔症状]
▲耳痛[otalgia (pain of ears)]
▲耳鸣[tinnitus (ears ring)]
▲耳鸣[a buzzing (ringing,singing) in the ears]
▲左耳有耳鸣感[a buzzing sensation in the left ear]
▲耳聋[deafness (loss in hearing)]
▲左耳聋[be deaf of the left ear]
▲耳流脓[otorrhea (otopyorrhea)]
▲耳出血[otorrhagia]
▲耳垢[cerumen (earwax)]
▲耳血肿[othematoma]
▲鼻塞[nasal obstruction]
▲不能用鼻呼吸[be unable to breathe through (by) the nose
(nasal dyspnea)]
▲打喷涕和流涕[sneezing and nasal discharge]
▲水样鼻涕[watery rhinorrhea]
▲鼻出血[nosebleed]
▲咽喉痛[sore throat]
▲口吃[stuttering]
▲口臭[ozostomia (saburra,halitosis)]
▲张口困难[difficult (inability) to open the mouth]
▲张口（吞咽、嚼）困难[difficult in opening the mouth
(swallowing，masticating)]
▲咽下困难[dysphagia]
▲流涎多[have excessive salvation]
•[眼科及牙科症状]
▲眼睑浮肿[eyelid edema]
▲眼痛[pain in the eyes]
▲视边模糊[blurring of vision (blurred vision)]
▲过度流泪[excessive tearing (watering)]
▲视疲劳[asthenopia (visional tired)]
▲视力减退[hypopsia (diminution of vision)]
▲视力衰弱[ophthalmocopia]
▲远（近）视力模糊[indistinct distant (near) vision]
▲失明[loss of vision]
▲搏动性牙痛[throbbing pain of tooth (odontalgia)]
▲牙龈出血[gingival bleeding]
▲牙龈萎缩（增生）[gingival atrophy(hypertrophy)]
▲牙周溢脓[peripyema]
•[妇产科症状]
▲月经过多[excessive menstrual flow (menorrhagia)]
▲月经多并伴血块[experience menorrhagia with passage of
clots]
▲经量少（中等、多）[mild (moderate,heavy) menses]
▲月经过少[hypomenorrhea]
▲阴道出血[vaginal bleeding(colporrhagia)]
▲阴道大出血[massive (profuse) vaginal bleeding]
▲无痛性（性交后）阴道出血[painless(postcoital) vaginal
bleeding]
▲阴道干燥[colpoxerosis]
▲月经规则（不规则）[rugular (irregular) menstrual cycle]
▲月经周期26天，持续4天[menstrual periods of 26 days and
lasted 4 days]
▲白带增多[leukorrhagia (profuse leukorrhea or whites)]
▲外阴搔痒[pruritus of vulva]
▲外阴湿疹（白斑）[eczema (leukoplakia) of vulva]
▲绝经[amenorrhea]
▲停经[menopause]
▲停经3年[3 years post menopausal]
▲50岁停经[Passed menopause at age 50]
▲经前（期）痛[pain before (during) the flow]
▲预产期[expected date of confinement]
▲见红和破水[show and amniotic fluid escaped (rupture of
membranes)]
▲羊水过多（少）[polyhydramnios (oligohydramnios)]
▲月经期水肿[menstrual edema]
▲月经失调[menstrual disorder]
▲性欲正常（减退）[normal(decreased) libido]
▲无性欲[loss of libido]
▲性功能障碍[sexual disorder]
▲性变态[paraphilia]
▲性要求高（低）[be oversexed(undersexed)]
▲性感不快[dypareunia]
▲性欲亢进（减退）[hypersexuality (hyposexuality)]
▲产程[stage of labor]
▲产程延长[prolonged labor]
▲产道裂伤（损伤）[laceration (injury) of birth canal]
▲产后腹痛（出血，尿潴留，子痫）[postpartum tormina
(hemorrhage,retention of urine, eclampsia)]
▲产前出血[antepartum hemorrhage]
▲产前子痫[prenatal eclampsia]
▲产前检查[prenatal examination]
▲产褥热[puerperal fever]
▲产褥期护理[pureperal care]
▲妊娠呕吐[vomiting of pregnancy (hyperemesis gravidarum)]
▲妊娠反应[pregnancy reaction]
▲妊娠高血压（水肿）[gestation hypertension (edema)]
•[病程中的一般情况]
▲一般情况尚可（一般、差）[general condition is fair (ordinary, bad)]
▲胃纳佳（差）[have a good (poor) appetite]
▲过度进食[eat too much (overeat, eat heavily)]
▲过少进食[eat poorly (take little food)]
▲无食欲[have no appetite]
▲食欲减退[appetite decreases]
▲口渴[feel thirsty]
▲大量饮水[drink water generously]
▲体重增加[gain in weight]
▲体重增加8公斤[a 8 kilograms weight gain (gain 8 kilograms)]
▲体重减轻[loss of weight (weight loss)]
▲体重稳定不变[body weight is stable (unchanged, maintained)]
▲睡眠障碍[somnipathy]
▲睡眠不足[lack (want) of sleep]
▲不易入睡[have trouble getting to sleep]
▲容易入睡[fall into a sleep very easily]
▲睡眠过度[hypersomnia]
▲睡行症[sleep walking]
▲嗜（贪）睡[somnolence (be fond of sleep)]
▲夜晚因……而易醒[easily wakened at night because of……]
▲失眠[have insomnia]
▲睡眠差（好）[sleep is poor (good)]
▲消化不良[dyspepsia (have bad digestion)]
▲大（小）便通畅[stool (urination) is easy and smooth(unobstructed, clear)]
▲每日2次大便[have two stools daily]
▲含粘液的水样便[watery stools coutaining mucus]
▲便秘（腹泻）[constipation (diarrhea)]
▲排尿困难[difficulty in micturition]
▲尿频（急）[frequency(urgency) of micturition]
▲尿痛[micturition pain]
▲少尿（无尿、多尿）[oliguria (anuria, polyuria)]
▲大便失禁[fecal incontinence]
▲小便失禁[incontinence of urine]
▲精神不振[lassitude]
▲精神紧张（抑郁）[mental stress (depression)]
▲精神混乱[confusion]
▲精神失常[amentia (mental state is bad)]
▲精神状态正常[orthophrenia (mental state is good)]
▲体力旺盛（不足，正常）[hypersthenia (hyposthenia, euthesia)]
第四章 过去史、系统回顾和个人史
（Past history, systems review and personal history）
1、过去史[past history]
•无药物（食物）过敏史[no past history of allergy to drugs (food )]
•有青霉素过敏史[have allergic history of pencillin]
•有肺结核接触史[there was contact histoy of lung tuberculosis]
•2000年6月因急性阑尾切除术[Appendectomy was done in June, 2000 due to acute appendicitis]
•健康状况佳（差）[health state was good (bad)]
•既往体健[be well (healthy) before]
•否认既往心、肺疾病史[deny any history of prior heart and lung disease]
•10岁时（20年前）曾患过……[suffered from…… at age 10(20 years ago)]
•易患……[be liable (subjuct, apt) to……]
•不详[not in detail (not quite clear)]
•外伤史[rtauma history]
•预防接种史[history of preventive inoculation]
2、系统回顾[system review]
•呼吸系统：咳嗽、咳痰、呼吸困难、胸痛、盗汗、发热[respiratory system: cough, sputum, short of breath, chest pain, night sweeting, fever.]
• 循环系统：心悸、胸痛、气促、咳嗽和咯血、水肿、晕厥、头晕[Circulatory system: palpitation, chest pain, short of breath, cough and hemoptysis, edema, syncope, dizziness.]
• 消化系统：嗳气、返酸、腹胀、腹痛、腹泻、恶心和呕吐[alimentary system: belching, sour regurgitation, abdominal distension, abd. pain, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting.]
•泌尿系统：排尿困难、尿频和尿急、尿痛、腹痛、水肿[urinary system: difficulty in micturition, frequency and rugency of micturition, painful micturition, abdominal pain, edema.]
•造血系统：乏力、头晕、心悸、出血[hematopoietic system:fatigue, dizziness, palpitation, bleeding.]
• 内分泌系统：心悸、怕热、多汗、烦渴、水肿、手抖、消瘦和肥胖[endocrine system: palpitation, heat intolerance, excessive sweeting, polydipsia, edema, hand tremble, wasting and obesity.]
•神经系统：头痛、晕厥、头晕和眩晕、失眠、偏瘫、失语[nervous system: headache, coma, dizziness and vertigo, insomnia, hemiplegia, aphasia.]
•运动系统：关节痛、麻木、跛行、瘫痪[motor system: joint pain, numbness, claudication, paralysis.]
3、个人史[personal history]
•出生于（出生地）[was born in (birthplace)]
•出生后一直生活[have lived in……(there) since birth]
•曾（未曾）去过北方[have (deny having) been to the north]
•受教育程度（文盲、小学、中学、大学）[educational level (illiterate, primary, middle, high grade)]
•业余爱好[hobby (be fond of, be keen of, interest)]
•从事……职业[be engaged in]
•卫生习惯和嗜好[health habit and special addiction]
•不洁性交（性行为）史[history of unclean coitus (sexual behavior)]
•不吸烟[ no smoking(not a smoker)]
•吸烟20年，每天2包[have smoked two packages of cigarette a day for 20 years]
•戒烟[give up (stop) smoking]
•戒烟[smoking abstinence (withdrawal)]
•不饮酒[no alcohol use]
•偶而少量饮酒[drink little liquor occasionally]
•过度饮酒[drink heavily (too much)]
•每天饮酒0.5公斤[drink (imbibe) about 0.5 kilogram a day]
•酒精性饮料[alcoholic beverage]
•偏食[food preference (particular with food)]
•无偏食[no likes or dislikes in food]
•偏爱……[have partiality for (showe favoritism to, be partial to, like)]
第五章 月经、婚姻、生育史和家族史
[Menstrual, marrital and childbearing history and family history]
1、月经史[menstrual history]
•初潮年龄[age of menarche]
•月经周期[menstrual cycle]
•行经期[menstrual period]
•未次月经时间[last menstrual period (LMP)]
•闭经年龄[age of menostasis]
•白带过多[profuse leukorrhea (whites)]
•月经过多[menorrhagia (hypermenorrhea, menometrorrhagia)]
•月经过少[hypomenorrhea (scantymenstruation)]
•月经过频[polymenorrhea]
•月经稀发[oligomenorrhea]
•月经不调[menoxenia (irregular menses, menstrual disorder)]
•月经正常[eumenorrhea (regular menses)]
•经前水肿（疼痛）[premenstrual edema (pain)]
•经量少（中、大）量[mild (moderate, heavy) meustrual blood]
•痛经[dysmenorrhea (pain during the flow)]
•36岁就停经了[pass the menopause at age 36]
2、婚姻史[marrital history]
•未婚（已婚）[single (married)]
•结婚年龄[age of wedding]
•配偶的健康状况[health status of partner (spouse)]
•性生活和谐（不和谐）[sexual life is harmonious (disorder)]
•夫妻关系和睦（不和睦）[relation of husband and wife is amicable (hostile)]
•近亲（非近亲）结婚[consanguineous (nonconsanguineous) marriage]
3、生育史[childbearing history]
•妊娠（生育）次数和年龄[times and age of pregnancy (childbearing)]
•怀孕和生产次数[pregnancies and labors]
•人工（自然）流产次数[times of induced (spontaneous) abortion (miscarriage)]
•流产 [miscarriage(abortion)]
•死胎（产）[dead fetus (birth)]
•割腹产[caesarean birth (be born by caesarean section)]
•子女数[number of children]
•早产（儿）[premature birth (bady)]
•足月产[term labor]
•产褥热（感染）[puerperal fever (infection)]
•计划生育[family planning (birth control)]
•用避孕环（药、油膏、套、栓）避孕[contraception by intrauterine ring (contraceptives, ointment, condom, supposity)]
•节育手术[contraceptive operation]
•自然分娩[be delivered normally and spontaneously(spontaneous labor)]
•产钳分免[forceps delivery(be delivered by forceps)
•产前（后）子痫[antepartum(postpartum) eclampsia]
•出生时3.5公斤重，48厘米高[3.5 kilograms and 48cm in height at birth]
•母乳喂养[breast feeding (be fed at breast)]
•人工喂养[artificial feeding]
•发育正常[normal development]
•发育异常(停顿、缺陷、畸形)[developmental anomaly(arrest,defect,deformity)]
•发育迟缓（过渡）[hypoevolutism(hypergenesis)]
4、家庭史[family history]
•父母（兄弟，姐妹和儿女）的健康状况和疾病情况[health status and illness
of parents (brothers,sisters and children)]
•同样疾病[the same sickness]
•遗传疾病[heredopathia (genetic disease)]
•遗传特征[hereditary feature]
•死因[cause of death]
•健康[be healthy (be in good healthy)]
•健在[be living and well]
•无……家族史[no family history of ……]
•死于……[die of……]作者: zhangheng1020 时间: 2007-11-27 07:00:45