计算机考试大纲及试卷组成

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I. SOFTWARE SYSTEMS AND METHODOLOGY — 40%
        A. Data organization

• Data types
• Data structures and implementation techniques

        B. Program control and structure

• Iteration and recursion
• Procedures, functions, methods and exception handlers
• Concurrency, communication and synchronization

        C. Programming languages and notation

• Constructs for data organization and program control
• Scope, binding and parameter passing
• Expression evaluation

        D. Software engineering

• Formal specifications and assertions
• Verification techniques
• Software development models, patterns and tools

        E. Systems

• Compilers, interpreters and run-time systems
• Operating systems, including resource management and protection/security
• Networking, Internet and distributed systems
• Databases
• System analysis and development tools

II. COMPUTER ORGANIZATION AND ARCHITECTURE — 15%
        A. Digital logic design

• Implementation of combinational and sequential circuits
• Optimization and analysis

        B. Processors and control units

• Instruction sets
• Computer arithmetic and number representation
• Register and ALU organization
• Data paths and control sequencing

        C. Memories and their hierarchies

• Performance, implementation and management
• Cache, main and secondary storage
• Virtual memory, paging and segmentation

        D. Networking and communications

• Interconnect structures (e.g., buses, switches, routers)
• I/O systems and protocols
• Synchronization

        E. High-performance architectures

• Pipelining superscalar and out-of-order execution processors
• Parallel and distributed architectures

III. THEORY AND MATHEMATICAL BACKGROUND — 40%
        A. Algorithms and complexity

• Exact and asymptotic analysis of specific algorithms
• Algorithmic design techniques (e.g., greedy, dynamic programming, divide and conquer)
• Upper and lower bounds on the complexity of specific problems
• Computational complexity, including NP-completeness

        B. Automata and language theory

• Models of computation (finite automata, Turing machines)
• Formal languages and grammars (regular and context free)
• Decidability

        C. Discrete structures

• Mathematical logic
• Elementary combinatorics and graph theory
• Discrete probability, recurrence relations and number theory

IV. OTHER TOPICS — 5%
        Example areas include numerical analysis, artificial intelligence, computer graphics, cryptography, security and social issues.
        Note: Students are assumed to have a mathematical background in the areas of calculus and linear algebra as applied to computer science.

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