托福阅读词汇题总汇

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072. Orchids are unique in having the most highly developed of all blossoms, in which the usual male and female reproductive organs are fused in a single structure called the column.
The word "fused" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) combined
(B) hidden
(C) fertilized
(D) produced

选A


fuse
[fju:z]
n.
  保险丝
A fuse has blown.
保险丝熔断了。
You'll blow a fuse if you put the electric heater and the cooker on at the same time.
"如果你同时把电暖炉和电热锅都开着,保险丝会烧断的。"
  烧断保险丝
[fju:z]
vt., vi.
  熔化
Lead fuses at a low temperature.
铅在低温下就熔化。
Lead will fuse at quite a low temperature.
铅的熔点相当低。
  熔合
Copper and zinc are fused to make brass.
铜与锌熔合成黄铜。
  由于保险丝烧断电路不通
The lights have fused.
电灯因保险丝断了而熄灭。
All the lights in the classrooms have fused.
"保险丝烧断,教室内的电灯都不亮了。"
  合并；结合
[fju:z]
n.
  导火线，信管

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074. Once the right insect has been attracted, some orchids present all sorts of one-way obstacle courses to make sure it does not leave until pollen has been accurately placed or removed.
The word "placed" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) estimated
(B) measured
(C) deposited
(D) identified

选C

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076. The public school system suddenly found itself overtaxed. While the number of schoolchildren rose because of wartime and postwar conditions, these same conditions made the schools even less prepared to cope with the flood.
The word "overtaxed" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) well prepared
(B) plentifully supplied
(C) heavily burdened
(D) charged too much

选A

收到太多的钱，反而让自身感觉准备不充分。

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077. Therefore, in the 1950's and 1960's, the baby boom hit an antiquated and inadequate school system. Consequently, the "custodial rhetoric" of the 1930's and early 1940's no longer made sense; that is, keeping youths aged sixteen and older out of the labor market by keeping them in school could no longer be a high priority for an institution unable to find space and staff to teach younger children aged five to sixteen.
The word "inadequate" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) deficient
(B) expanded
(C) innovative
(D) specialized

选A

deficient
[di'fiʃ(ә)nt]
adj.
  缺 乏的；不足的
deficient in courage
缺乏勇气的

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078. With the baby boom, the focus of educators and of laymen interested in education inevitably turned toward the lower
grades and back to basic academic skills and discipline.
The word "inevitably" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) unwillingly
(B) impartially
(C) irrationally
(D) unavoidably

选D

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088. The painter or master who is credited with having created the painting may have designed the work and overseen its production, but it is highly unlikely that the artist's hand applied every stroke of the brush. More likely, numerous assistants, who had been trained to imitate the artist's style, applied the paint.
The word "imitate" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) copy
(B) illustrate
(C) promote
(D) believe in

选 A

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097. Beyond a depth of around 2,900 kilometers, a great change takes place and the mantle gives way to the core. Some seismic waves cannot pass through the core and others are bent by it. From this and other evidence, geologists conclude that the outer core is probably liquid, with a solid center. It is almost certainly made of iron, mixed with smaller amount of other elements such as nickel.
The phrase "gives way to" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) runs along
(B) rubs against
(C) turns into
(D) floats on


选C  真不容易阿！

give way to
  让路,让步
  屈服；让步；坍塌；破裂； 重要性下降；被取代
The second floor gave way under the weight of the machines.
三楼地板在机器的重压下坍了下去。
Steam trains gave way to electric trains.
蒸汽火车被电气火车取代了。


run along
  走开，离开


rub against
v.
  摩擦


turn into
v.
  进入, (使)变成

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098. Although scientists can speculate about its nature, neither humans nor machines will ever be able to visit it.
The word "speculate" is closest in meaning to
which of following?
(A) report
(B) learn
(C) worry
(D) hypothesize

标准答案A  个人认为D比较妥


speculate
['spekjʋleit]
vi.
  （没有充分认识和充足事实地）沉思，默想，思索，构思，玄思，推测
  投机买卖


report
[ri'pɔ:t]
n.
  报告；报导
The newspaper report was on the front page.
报纸的报导在头版。
  爆炸声
  传说；传闻
  成绩单
[ri'pɔ:t]
vt., vi.
  公布；发表
They reported the disappearance of the ship.
他们公布了船舶失踪之事。
  （与to连用）报到
to report to the police
向警方报到
  （常与to连用）告发；揭发
He reported me to the head.
他向领导告发我。
  报导
The newspaper reported that there had been a fire in the village.
报纸报导说这个村庄失过一次火。



hypothesize
[hai'pɔθisaiz]
vt., vi.
  假设,假定（亦作：hypothesise）

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未完待续。。

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106. New England still favored wood, though brick houses became common in Boston and 102. The answer lay in a resource that unknowing  other towns, where the danger of fire gave an impetus to the use of more durable material. A few houses in New England were built of , but only in Pennsylvania and adjacent areas was stone widely used in dwellings.

The word "dwelling" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) houses
(B) towns
(C) outbuildings
(D) rural areas

A

outbuilding
['aʋtbildiŋ]
n.
  附属建筑物 （亦作： outhouse）

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115. What forms of life were able to make such a drastic change in lifestyle? The traditional view of the first terrestrial organisms is based on mega fossils-relatively large specimens of essentially whole plants and animals.
The word "drastic" is closest in meaning to
which of following?
(A) widespread
(B) radical
(C) progressive
(D) risky

B

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118. In many instances the specimens are less than one-tenth of a millimeter in diameter. Although they were entombed in the rocks for hundreds of millions of years, many of the fossils consist of the organic remains of the organism.
The word "entombed" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) crushed
(B) trapped
(C) produced
(D) excavated


B

trap
[træp]
vt.
  设陷阱捕捉；诱捕；用捕捉机捕
The police trapped the thieves.
警察诱捕小偷。
  挡住，拦住
to trap water
挡住水
She was trapped in the burning house.
她被困在燃烧着的房子里了。
  设圈套；使落进圈套
[træp]
n.
  陷阱；捕捉机
  圈套；诡计；埋伏
The police set a trap for the thieves.
警察设下了圈套捉小偷。
[træp]
n.
  〈地〉暗色岩


entomb
[in'tu:m]
vt.
  埋葬

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120. In 1839 the daguerreotype was introduced to America, ushering in the age of photography, and within a generation the new invention put an end to the popularity of painted portraits. Once again an original portrait became a luxury, commissioned by the wealthy and executed by the professional.

The word "executed" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) sold
(B) requested
(C) admired
(D) created


D  由……来做


execute
['eksikju:t]
vt.
  执行；实行
The manager assistant came here to execute a few small commissions for the manager.
经理助理到这里来是代替经理办几件小事的。
  使（遗嘱）生效；实施
He asked his nephew to execute his will.
他请自己的侄子执行遣嘱。
  处死
execute a murderer
处死一凶手



create
[kri:'eit]
vt.
  创造；创作；创建
We've created a beautiful new house from an old ruin.
我们把旧破屋重建成一栋美丽的新房子。
  封爵，册封
He was created Prince of Wales.
他被封为威尔士亲王。
  大喊大叫；大惊小怪
You needn't create about it.
对此你不必大惊小怪。

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125. And there were factories in occupations such as metalwork where individual contractors presided over what were essentially handicraft proprietorships that coexisted within a single building.
The words "presided over" in line 20 are closest in meaning to
(A) managed
(B) led to
(C) worked in
(D) produced

A

preside over
v.
  负责, 主持

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126. Objects in the universe show a variety of shapes: round planets (some with rings) , tailed comets, wispy cosmic gas and dust clouds, ringed nebulae, pinwheel-shaped spiral galaxies, and so on. But none of the shapes on this list describes the largest single entities in the universe.
The word "entities" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) factors
(B) processes
(C) objects
(D) puzzles

C

entity
['entiti]
n.
  实体
The whole country is a single entity.
全国一盘棋。