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[听力] 【一起来听写】-菱形兽老年人战托福! [复制链接]

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发表于 2011-9-18 21:25:50 |显示全部楼层
本帖最后由 菱形兽 于 2011-9-19 09:46 编辑

绿色为错写
红色为订正
I’ve broughtin the apicture of the human brain today which is we are going to look at and discuss in detail.
The parts of the
brain that we are going to talk abouttoday are clearly labored.labeled

the brain is like our command center forall our dearly dailyfunctions.
and allow allows us to cope with our environment
how we communicate with words, actions,thoughts and feelings.
Are all center centered in the brain
some researchbelieves researchers believe that thebrain is so complicates complex and mysterious.
That we will never be able to fullyunderstand it
Some have even referedreferredto as a little black bugs like those foundin the plain.it as a little “black box” likethose found on a plan that contain all the critical and highly confidential
That contends all thecritical and highly conferdantial information of theflight.
There be we That being said said
there are parts of the brain that we doknow about.
like the parts welisted on the dialgram.diagram
and we also knownthere are functions their functions thateach bring
each brain to make our body work.
It is easiest to think of the brain has as threeconnected parts
The subroombringstan and sarabonen cerebrum, brainstem and cerebellum
Let's start of off with thebrainstan
which is found thebutton of the brain.
enjoys the subroom tothe spinar cored brainstem, whichis found at the bottom of the brain and joins the cerebrum to the spinal cord.
The brainstem has an important role becauseit controls a lot of critical functions.
Including ininspiration lots of criticalfunctions including repiration
regulation of the heart rythm basic aspect of sounds localization rhythms basic aspects of sound localizaiton
which allows us to identify the origin ofthe detective sound.
and reflects reflexes.
As you can see on thedairgram the brainstem includes the middle prain the pounds and majunar diagram, the brainstem includes the midbrain, the pons,and the medulla. These allow
This allows functions such as the movement of our eyesand mouths mouth
passing on sensewe sensory messages like hot.
pain loud and other functions
such as hunger, conciousness,consciousness body temperature.
sneezing, cofeing,vomadream, and somorewin. coughing,vomiting, and swallowing
Next we will look at the second largestpart of the brain.
The serban islocated in the low back of the head.
and it is touched to the brainstem. Cerebellum it islocated at the lower back of the head and is attached
It is made up oftow with two hemispheres.
and it its functions are thethe to control of complicates volonteri moto complex voluntary motor functions.
Such as walking balancesand pasture balance and posture
The third and largest part of our brain
is the sribroomis sociation are conscius thoughts.cerebrum. Its associations are conscious thought.
movementand sensations.
suchas touch, vision
hearingjudgement judgment
reasoning, problem solving, and motions emotions
It is made up oftow with two halves.
With each half controlling the oppositeside of the body.
the cops ca some corpus callosum
connects the two halves, and deliversmessages between them.
There are four lupsmake up the seribroom lobes that make up
the front,tempera
para unesetr
the front loopfrontal, temporal, parietal, and the occipital, The frontal lobe islocated in the front of the head.
and involves inpersonality
can resist is involved in personality, characteristics and movement
the paramitouloop parietal lobe is the middle partof the brain.
and helps you to identify objects andunderstand spacial relationship.spatial relationships.
Like where your body is compared to objectsaround you.
It also helps make meaning of pain andtouch in the body.
The auxpitalloop occipital lobe allows you to see.
and itis located in atthe back of the brain.
Finally the temperloop persists mummery temporal lobe assistswith memory
speech and sense of smell
and it isfound the sides of he the brain.
The average weight toof the adult human brain is anywherebetween 1 and 1.5 kilogram.kilograms
Some people say that we only use 10% of our brains,brain
but this is justto miss a myth
In fact we use our are in tired entire ofbrain.
That be wesaid That being said
we can claim that most people only use avery small function fractionof the cognitive peteintial potential ofthe brain theirbrains
Different cultures have use used several methods.
to improve their cognitive potential potential
Such as reading, education
Puzzling puzzle solving andcritical thinking.
I hope this brief production introduction to the brain
helps you understand of the brain and its different functions.

confidential
[ˌkɔnfiˈdenʃəl]

a.
()密的;表示信任的;担任机密工作的

cerebrum
[səˈri:brəm]

n.大脑

brainstem  

脑干

cerebellum
[ˌseriˈbeləm]
小脑

start off  

出发,动身;(使)开始从事

spinal cord  

脊髓

respiration
[ˌrespəˈreiʃən]

n.呼吸

localization
[ˌləukəlaiˈzeiʃən]

n.定位;局限;地方化

medulla
[meˈdʌlə]
; 髓质

sensory
[ˈsensəri]
感觉的

vomit
[ˈvɔmit]

v.呕吐

voluntary
[ˈvɔləntəri]

a.自愿的,志愿的

posture
[ˈpɔstʃə]

n.姿势;看法 vi.摆姿势,装模作样

corpus callosum  

胼胝体; 拼胝体

lobe
[ləub]

n.耳垂,(肺,肝等的)

temporal
[ˈtempərəl]

a.暂时的

occipital lobe  

枕叶

fraction
[ˈfrækʃən]

n.小部分,片断;分数

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发表于 2011-9-19 22:06:02 |显示全部楼层
绿色为错写
红色为订正
American literature
Mark tweenTwain, Listen to part of thea lecture in a an American literature class.
Today we are going to discuss the life ofMark tween Twain.
Do you know who he is ?
Yes Yeah everyone it's has heardabout him
He wrote the adventureAdventures of TomsTom Sawyer
and adventures of harkelfan HuckleberryFinn, didn't he?
Right. Well I don't know a lot of all the books.
But he was a newspaper report reporter
and he wrote different things like storical historicalfiction
Travel books religstreligious fiction and short storiesright?
and that's it?
Ok, well you are about to learn some more thing thingsthat we areless talk talkedabout.
Did you know he was thought a thorn in US the U.Sgovernment side.
Surprised? well, Mark teween Twainwas his pen name.
He was actually born seminary clement Samuel
Clemens

and today you are going to learn about Marktween.Twain
And thatactivity hisactivities in entie empir theAnti-Imperial league
Really? he was afriend of Rosfol friends with Roosevelt andother politions politicians
I read about it Oh, he was a rapo rebel
A rabo rebel with a carts cause
he more than belongbelonged to the league.
His he was the vicepresident from 1901-1910
Let's start at the beginning,
the league of was the first of this its kind in the US.
and form was formedin reactionto the actionoutcome of the Spanish- American war.
in 1898
basically spanSpain turned over colonism carrybeen colonies
in
the
Caribbean and specific Pacificto the US.

As the loser in thesitement asettlement,
It was calledthe treaty in the Pairs. Of
Pairs

It named cubeguang and Polorikcal and fadjah Cuba, Guam, Puerto
Rico

Twins  thePhilippines. Twainsupported the US in the beginning.
But did a turnabout Face andwhen he learned about of the terms about the treaty.
He believed believed
it was just the a way for USexpansion.

Tween Twain was an year but in Europeat the time was of the spanishAmerican war.
and return returned to the USin the 1900.
He was always ready to tell how we find he felt about the treaty.
He can paint firere campaigned fiercelyagainst the apearence imperialism
by making speeches writing articles
and after sending a s Salutation speech from 19th century to 20thcentury,
to the league as well as the Newyork coral New
York
Herald.

He became the vice president of the league.
In anothershell a nutshell,he believed that the US could not be both be epec an empire anda republic at the same time.
Tween Twain admired, asdkfj Trumendesly
in Emilio
Aguinaldo
tremendously,and

whatis he was all about
who is was he? well, he was fia Filipino
rebel
he wanted freedom for his country.

He organized therepanised rebellions
againstthe spanish.

It andwas excel esiled bythem to Hongkong HongKong before the war.
When the war started, he went back to Pilipin Philippines
thinkingthe US US was going to help free the Philipins Philippines.

Wrong, I don't think it he realized the US want that the philipin U's words on wanted the Philippines for its own.
In the end, the UScaped phlipin U.S. kept.
The US criticize Philippines. The U.S criticizedthe spanish for having concentration caps and Cube camps
in
Cuba.

and use peoganda used it aspropaganda used it as propaganda against them
then they turn turned around in and
did the same thing.

Open concentration compuscamps in the philipinPhilippines
This is we what got on tween'snervous Twain’s
nerves

anyway tweenTwain was thirstydipleased thoroughlydispleased by the whole thing
when youwere he
went
back tothe US in1901

he published to the person city Sitting inthe darkness
This has had a great impact on the war and the government's dishonestdishonesty.
It came to be the league’sof most popular publication
That is thesame year he did it again and sight signed a July forthdress for 4th addressTo the American people.
This was apublish the published
in
newspapers everywhere and did not make politation politicianshappy.

In 1902 he signed thepotation a petition
to the Senatethat to make madeit clear.

That he knew all about concentration camps
and that he was against them
he thought he it might help startthe hostile US phlipin'sgociation Philippine
negotiations.

and in 1903 tweenTwain was active help a in helping the
league protest

how they treated phinpinalFilipino’sin their own country.
Did Does that surprise youabout tween Twain?
He was involved with the entire em Anti-Imperial league  until his death.
in 1910
There is was a lot more to tweenTwain than Tom oilSawyer and HankelHuckleberry
Finn





Mark Twain 马克吐温
Tom Sawyer  汤姆.索耶
Huckleberry Finn哈克贝利费恩
Historical a.历史()的,史学的
Religious a.宗教的;笃信宗教的,虔诚的
Thorn n.刺,荆棘;带刺小灌木
Samuel Clemens塞缪尔克莱门斯
Anti-Imperial 反帝国
Roosevelt n. 罗斯福(美国第32任总统)
Politician n.政治家,政客
Rebel 反叛分子
in reaction to 在反应
Cuba 古巴
Guam n. 关岛(美国领土)
Puerto Rico n. 波多黎各(美国属地, 位于西印度群岛东部的岛屿)
campaigned 运动的
fiercely adv.猛烈地, 厉害地
nutshell n.坚果壳, 小容器,简明扼要
a Filipino rebel 一名菲律宾叛军
rebellion n.反叛,反抗
propaganda n.宣传
Philippines n. 菲律宾(亚洲国名)
Nerve n.神经;勇气,胆量
Senate n.参议院,上院
Negotiation n.谈判, 协商

感想:人名国名都不会写很多会写的单词拼写错误还不少,感觉难度大于昨天的。

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发表于 2011-9-19 22:41:28 |显示全部楼层
好认真的同学啊

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发表于 2011-9-19 23:18:59 |显示全部楼层
菱形兽,你这个是直接编辑的颜色还是怎么弄滴呢?
偶没分了~明天再来加~
一起来听写

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发表于 2011-9-20 15:52:35 |显示全部楼层
4# 飒飒11
班长啊 我也找不到很好的办法 现在也是对着aboboo打的

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发表于 2011-9-20 15:54:23 |显示全部楼层
Acerpologe Anthropology
Gypsies
Listen to part of thea lecture onan in a anthropologyclass

Today I would like todiscuss a aninteresting group of someone not many somewhat nomadicpeople might called theGypsies

A rome roaming culturalgroup called the Dowm, let them lied Dom, led
their
lives in IndiaNowaday asand nowadayshas become known as the Gypsies.


Through recording dailydating from sofar back for16th centuriesas the sixth century we known know thedom perform veryperformed variousspecialized jobs such as basketing making basket-making  mantal waking and fortunytelling fortune telling By travelling servalsamll villigestraveling a circuit through several small villageseach year.

The word Gysiesgypsy can be found in several otherlanguages such as German FrenchItalian French, Italian and Tongulian.Hungarian

Currently, the earlyearliest recording of the record of Gysies Gypsies in Europe dated1068 were foundin a monastery in Greece This These recording and document
events
took placesand place  in Constantinople in the year 1050


For the next200 years.the Gypsies want wandered southwest into a Rabe into Arabia and north Africa, nortwestto into
Arabia
the Byzantin empiorByzantine Empire and finally established themselves in the sudden southern
Balkancountries such as Mo and Hungery Serbia,Moldavia, Bulgariaand Hungarybefore 1300.


After, AdfakjlKublai Khan'sdeath until in1294, the mondnf beganto Mongolian Empirebegain itsdecline, and bot theborders began to move to east therebyreducing pressures pressure on Europeand  andnone in allowing  theGypsies to expand mroe res and preberly 200 more rapidly than the previous two hundred years

they enter entered tomodern XX day
Yugoslaviabefore 1362 and covered XXX the Balkans by 1400


The 14th and 15th centuries proved to be goodtime good timesand for thefull of happiness for the Gypsies.

Before the conquest of XXX XXX, the Ottoman Turks, the Gypsies lived in 3th  educe XXX and XXXX. The Thrace,Macedonia, Greece, Yugoslavia and Romania.
These  happy days were would soonto come to an end.

Because of th Tthe Turkishinvasions some Gypsies were forced to XXX into
Venetian
territories
such as K Crete  and K. Corfu


Fortunately, theXXX induceroles theirannual duesrose along with the increase populations andin population in corfu.

With an incresingof the populations increasein popluationand annual income came independce an independent areaof land in 1470ruled a lord ruled locked by the law 1470 named Michealthe hugo Michael de Hugot the nineteenth who last lasted until   19thcentury

Unfortunately, the Gypsies and B in the Balkans werenot quite as lucky.

Although, they had important jobs such as XXX XXX blacksmiths, locksmiths and XX tinsmiths, and werebasically mid middle-class, deline them slaves to preventthem from escaping.

These Gypsies could be sold and exchanged allgiving theways or given away and anadf any Romanianman or womanand womnnwho married Gypies aGypsy became a slave too.

They were finally XXpaid emancipatedin the 19th century.

Before the 19th century the Gupsies Gypsieswere known as quite andshame quiet, shyand not very organized organized.

They asloseem hasitatedalso seemedhesitant to travel to into Western Europe.

These This all changed over 20 years twenty-year a period beginning in 1417.

During this time, they began to move and purpose for the in a purposeful way, tourin the west in toward Western Europe and even conletationbegan to callattention tothemselves.

Some Gypsies VariousGypsy groups began todisplay some unity reaction of action and conecttion connectionwith to each other through telling differentstories.

Some say the TXXXXXX Turkish invasion of the Balkansin the early 1400, let these XXXX behaviors.

When s led tothis vision isbizarre behavior. Once the invasion was over,the Gypsies themselves likely wouldn't have to bebeen affected in the long run ad under Turkish rule because the T ruler  becausethe T believe Turks believed in livingpopulation leaving civilian populationsfree as long as thet pay they
paid
taxes tothem.


However theGypsies is may have tomove to the moved toward western Europe because the some of the Gypsies Gypsy leaderscould not service the XXX duty the serve under the Turks due to their great L loss
of
power and   T law. under
Turkish
rule


The reason behind the change is not clear unclear,but the Gypsies began to move and centeral into central Europe in great numbers but notwithout causing some problems.

Some Gpysiesforced Gypsiesfalsely claimed to be XXX Egptian and some crimedlike claimedthat they robbed wereChristians left to roam the country side as a form of exlodf absolutionfor their sins XXXX their sin of ignoringtheir religion.

These lies allowallowed them to collect food money andletters of potection protection from my a city and thenthey would continue to the next town usingthe same lies.

By 1427 the Gypsies had travelled to traveledthrough Germany BXXBrussels Holland rome, span Spain and Pairs

By this time, many of the leaders called caught onto the Gypsies thefts as liers and began tolies and began banning them.

They There arealso recalling recordingsof Gypsies in aBridegy Iris Knowway from London area. the BritishIsles, Norway, Finland and Siberia

Anthropology  n.人类学
Nomadic  [nəuˈmædik]
a.游牧的,流浪的

Gypsies n.[常作G-]吉普赛人
Roaming v.随便走,漫步,漫游
Fortune n.(大量)财产,大笔的钱;运气,命运
Hungarian n. 匈牙利人, 匈牙利语 adj. 匈牙利的, 匈牙利人的, 匈牙利语的
Monastery [ˈmɔnəstri]
n.修道院,寺院

Document n.公文,文件,证件 vt.用文件等证明,记载
Serbia, 塞尔维亚(南斯拉夫成员共和国名)
Moldavia, 塞尔维亚(南斯拉夫成员共和国名)
Bulgaria n. 保加利亚(欧洲国名)
Constantinople n.君士坦丁堡[土耳其]
Arabia n.阿拉伯
Byzantine Empire 拜占庭帝国
Balkan n. 巴尔干半岛  adj. 巴尔干半岛的, 巴尔干人的
Kublai Khan 忽必烈
Mongolian 蒙古人的
Yugoslavia 南斯拉夫
Turkish 土耳其人的
blacksmith 铁匠
locksmith 锁匠
tinsmith洋铁匠
Romanian罗马尼亚的
Hesitant 犹豫不决的
Falsely虚伪地, 错误地, 不实地


感想:这一篇听得太惨了 急需恶补单词~~ 加油加油!!

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发表于 2011-9-20 22:00:27 |显示全部楼层
6# 菱形兽 同样惨烈的人飘过~加油~
一起来听写

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发表于 2011-10-9 13:14:00 |显示全部楼层
0921
swifts EnglishLiterature: Swift's a modern Modest proposal
Listen to part of a lecture in a an English literature class
Time and time again, we hear comments accounts of children living in property poverty
although things have beenimproved in some countries such as Irland in Ireland
the country that wewere discussed I will be discussing today.
We can still learn from the past to improve thefuture.
For many unfortunatelyunfortunate childrenwho continued continue to live in property.proverty
This lecture will deardeal with the squel squalor that children living in Irland.Ireland
had to live with in the 18th century.
The children maylinsdf like mainly
Catholic

were living in terrible conditions because their parents are families were too poor to feed or clock with clothe them.
to come back combat his problem
Jhonhson Jonathan Swiftan iresh author and Irish in Jornalist journalist
born in 1667 and died in 1745.
rode in Architect cord wrote an article called
A modest proposal forproviding Preventingthe children of poor people in Erland. Ireland
From being a burden to their parents or country
and for making theirthem beneficial tothe public
The article was published in 1721
and came about because sweepSwift was horified.
but horrified by the government and people are willingness. the poeple's unwillingness
to improve conditionsconditions for thepoor.
He wanted to write tostirid a satiricalarticle that was solved would solve the problems with stylevin problem
of
starvingchildrenin Irland. Ireland

and to used for turn them into useful members for of society
by using the easiest and most file fair
and chipest method as cheapest
methods
possible.

Swift proposed that the children need needed to be fightted fattened up.
and fight fed toIrland the Ireland's well-off landness land-owners
the child children of the poor could be sold until the micky into a meat
marketat the age of one

Thereby solve solving many problems, suchas over population overpopulation andemployment. unemployment
This solution would also spare families the expensive of raising children.
Well while providing them withlittle ashes extra income
It would also benefit the rich
by improving the coloringculinaryexperience and contributing to over ecnomic the overall economic well being of IrlandIreland
don't forget. That ishis article was with not man meant to be taken litera literally
and that was readwritten as KKK ironnica sarcastically ironicessay.
to get the attention ofdifferent uncarry odioms anindifferent and uncaring audience
He make makes his point negatively
Time to gather tying together a terribleset of morioly weekmorally weak positions.
in order to casercast blame throughoutIrland. Ireland
The essay take takes the readers serious and surprise reader through a series ofsurprises
that are at firstchoking shocking
but in the end causes the reader to thinkcritically not only about policies.
but also about motivations and values.
in his article
Swift express expresses his increasing noise
as annoyance at the useness uselessness
of island politans. Ireland's politicians

The hipociy hypocrisy
of the wealthy

The terily tyranny of the English and scholar the squalorand degradation in which hesees so many irished Irish people living.
He also blamed blames the Irished Irish people seaming in the ability. People’s seeming inability
To make any positive change on their own behavior. behalf
He takes everyone into account.
and holds the English
The Irish themselves
and irish politations responsible politicians responsible
for the terrible state Irlandwithin. Ireland was in
He emphasized empathizes with misery ofthe Irish people.
and understand understands that was serviasevere
But also criticize criticizes their incompetencein dealing with their ownproblems
The distribution of political pan pamphlets was very common in swissSwift's day.
And a large number of essays in and short pieces of writings. writing
Much like his, antemperal proposed attemptedto proposee solutions to Irland Ireland's economic andsocial problems.
However the setricalen satirical intent of his writing was misunderstood by many ofSwift peers.
Although he offer warefor to offered wellthought out statistical support theirfor his ideas.
And give gave specific data aboutthe number of children to be sold includingtheir weight and price.
He was hushily criticize harshly criticizedfor writing in such a exceptionallyin bad expertionally taste.
He even went so far, as theto propose the respy recipes for  preparing the children
and he failed felt sure.
That in innovative cooks would be quick togenerate more
He also inticipateanticipated that the practise practice of selling and eating children.
would have positive effecteffects on family mo morality
He believed that husbandswill hubands wouldtreat their wives with more respect. respects
And parent will parents wouldvalue their children more than ever before.
He concluded that the implementation of this his project will would do more to solve Irland complicateIreland's complex social.
Political and economic problems.
Then than any other solutionssolution that have has been proposed.

squalor  [ˈskwɔlə]

n.不洁,污秽

Modest
[ˈmɔdist]

a.谦虚的;适度的;羞怯的

Burden [ˈbə:dn]

n.重担;负荷 vt.加重压于;负重

horrify
[ˈhɔrifai]

vt.使震惊,使毛骨悚然

well-offadj. 顺利的, 走运的, 手头宽裕的, 繁荣昌盛的
sarcastically [ˌsa:kæs'tikəli]

adv. 讽刺地, 嘲笑地, 挖苦地

culinary
[ˈkʌlinəri]

a.厨房的,烹调的

ironic
[aiˈrɔnik]

a.挖苦的,出乎意料的

uncaring  ['ʌn'kɛəriŋ]   

adj. 不关注的, 不注意

annoyance [əˈnɔiəns]

n.烦恼事()

hypocrisy [hiˈpɔkrisi]

n.伪善,虚伪

tyranny
[ˈtirəni]

n.暴虐,残暴,专横;暴政,专制

degradation
[ˌdegrəˈdeiʃən]

n.降低;恶化;堕落

inability
[ˌinəˈbiliti]

n.无能,无力

misery
[ˈmizəri]

n.痛苦,苦恼,苦难;悲惨的境遇,贫苦

incompetence  [in'kɔmpitəns]   

n.无能力, 不合格, 不能胜任

pamphlet
[ˈpæmflit]

n.小册子

exceptionally
[ikˈsepʃənli]

ad.异常地;极,很

innovative
[ˈinəuveitiv]

a.革新的,新颖的;富有革新精神的

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发表于 2011-10-9 13:42:37 |显示全部楼层
本帖最后由 菱形兽 于 2011-10-9 13:43 编辑

0922



Communication: CultureDifferences



Listen to part of a lecture ina communication class.



Good morning, class. I'm sure you have all heard theexpression “When in Rome, do as the Romansdo." But, what exactly does it mean? Throughout my life I haveenjoyed traveling to many countries where I experienced lots ofdifferent cultures and people. One thing that I always remembered was thatI was the guest and not there to change or break anyrules. Globalization brings many benefits, but learning to and adaptto accept different cultrues coan be challenging. Wedon't always see eye to eye with someone from a differentculture. Misunderstandings are common and can be an obstacle to an otherwise good relationship. Atother times we aren't even aware of any differences.



In order to try and get on with everyone no matter theircultural background, I want to discuss several ways of overcoming some culturalmisunderstandings by talking about several differences in cultures.



First of all, communication is a key to anyculture. What makes communicatingchallenging is that people communicate in different ways both within and across cultures. How we use languagediffers from culture to culture. For example, if we were to say"maybe" in Canada it might actually mean "no" but if wewere in England, it might mean "Maybe, I'll considerit." Other interesting and often misunderstood forms ofcommunication are non-verbal forms ofcommunicating such as facial expressions, gestures, personal space, sense oftime and even seating arrangements.
This leads me to another cultural misunderstanding: conflict. Believe it or not, somecultures see conflict as something positive,while others see it as something to stay away from. In some Westerncultures, although conflict is not usually desirable,people are often encouraged to deal directly with conflicts from the outset by meeting face-to-face as a way to workthrough whatever problems exist. On the other hand, in many Easterncountries, arguing is seen as embarrassing or demeaning and is best  worked out quietly by writing your complaints down on paper.



Another difference may be assubtle how we work toward finishing something. Some factors mightbe access to resources, what we expect to get when the project is finished,different ideas of time, and varied ideas about working in a team versus working independently to finish thetask. For some Asian and Hispanic culturesdeveloping relationships from the outset of the project is more important than the end result of completing the task. UnlikeAsian and Hispanic cultures, European-Americans tend to focus on the task athand instead of the relationship. They prefer to let relationships developas they work on the task. All the groupsare still  committed to the project andwant to to finish it, but they just have a different way of going aboutit. Additionally, depending on the culture, the roles individuals playin decision-making differ a great deal. In some culture, delegating atask is common. In America, it is very common for the upper managers to assignresponsibility for a particular matter to a subordinate. Inmany Southern European and Latin Americancountries,it is more common for decision-makers to hold the responsibility forthemselves. Another difference can be seen with group decisions. InAmerica, it only takes a majority, which may only be 51% to make adecision. In places like Japan, 100% support is desired before a decisionis made. Keep in mind that an individual's expectations about their ownrole in influencing a decision may be affectedby their own culture as well. Privacy is another big difference between cultures. Insome cultures, it is better to keep your emotions private rather than beingfrank about your feelings. This is especially important to remember whenyou are talking with someone or when you are workingwith people.



The last point I want to make concerns the way peoplefind things out or epistemologies. Epistemologies of doing or a way ofknowing the world through experience and interaction is not new, but keepingthe cultural differences in mind is fairlynew. For example, one culture might tend to consider information learnedby counting and measuring more valid thanknowledge acquired by affective ways ofknowing. Meanwhile, another culture could deemphasizepractical experience and place more value on the thinking process.



These are just some examples of culturaldifferences. I hope that by understanding and accepting cultures, we can resolve any cultural misunderstanding. Perhapsthe best way to get to know or understand a culture is to get involved and hangout with people from different cultures and to listen with an openmind. Don't forget, when in Rome, do as theRomans do.



desirable
[diˈzaiərəbəl]
a.值得拥有的;可取的,有利的



embarrass
[imˈbærəs]
vt.使窘,使尴尬,使不好意思



versus
[ˈvə:səs]
prep.为对手,对;与相比之下



outset
[ˈautset]
n.开始,开端



delegate
[ˈdeligət]
n.代表(团成员) vt.委派代表;授()



subordinate
[səˈbɔ:dinət]
a.下级的;(to)次要的 n.下级 vt.使从属于



epistemology
[ipistiˈmɔlədʒi]
n.认识论(对知识本质的研究)



deemphasize  [di:'efəsaiz]   vt. 降低 ... 的重要性, 削弱, 使 ... 不重要



demean
[diˈmi:n]
v.贬抑,降低



versus
[ˈvə:səs]
prep.为对手,对;与相比之下



on the task 任务



delegate
[ˈdeligət]
n.代表(团成员) vt.委派代表;授()



hang out
vi.挂出, 闲逛



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发表于 2011-10-9 13:48:52 |显示全部楼层
0923
mediology
Storms Listen to part of thelecture in the mediologyclass.
Now I have a list of names, Iwant to you to tell me some information about names.
Here we go, Alex
Bony Charli
Daniel, Earl
Francis, I know
I know the list for in American order.
The nameyour reading onorder of boy girl.
Boy girl boy girl
Excellent, now what if I toldyou are going to talk about some weather systems.
now, what's the connection?
Oh, I know, those your names of some females'mediologists
No, you have completely missedthe boat.
There are names given to Atlantic storms.
Cold hurricanes in the year 2004
Beginning in 1953
The tarvelprediction center produce two lists of names for hurricanes.
One list just for Atlantic stormnames.
And the other is for easternPacific storms.
There are in Afkdjf order.
and they do order to need from male and female names.
Now we are going toconcentrate an hurricanein Orlando's.
Can anyone to tell me a bit information on how Orlando' hurricanestart?
Well first of all
Storm are caused by different names anddifferent parts of the world.
For example, the namehurricane is given to storms that developed overthe Atlantic or the eastern Pacific ocean.
And the western north Pacific including the Philippines
these systemare called Taifengs
And in the Indian and southPacific Ocean, they are called Caikong.
Turlando on the other hand
occur mostin the America and happen when warm and cool Amalstan night.
That's almost perfect.
Actually, there are more Turnados in Britian
On average, Britishen has 33 Tornadosannually in the area 38 times smaller thanAmerica.
In anothershell, you are twice likely to see a tornado inBritain.
As in America, tornados are formed when theair is in low pressure andfan rises.
Creating a strong upsteam of air like wakingcleaner.
These steamsub s from theground.
Which causes it to spin fasterand faster.
what happens next just perhaps the most dangerous part.
The strong air circles can create the walltext.
or spinningfellow of wind.
that can reach speeds of 300miles per hours.
It is wentwalltext touches the ground
that createthe most distruction, because they can suck of thecars and cows
like tiny piece of paper.
and even a blowdy houses.
Luckily the walltext usually not more than 250 meters in size.
main , how is the tornado was blow the house?
Well, the air pressure insidethe walltext is extramelylow.
and the air pressure insidethe building is normal.
So when the tornado passesover the house.
the air inside the buildinggets big
and creates an explosion
the windsspeed in tornadoscan vary from 72 to 300 miles per hours
Fortunately, it is only oncein bule moon the tornadoshas winds greater than 200 miles per hour,
So that's why the tornados are so distructive
It is mushclear now.
Now moving on to hurricanes.
Like our classmate mentioned
hurricanes developed over Atlantic and eastern Pacific Oceans.
Are hurricanes a strong Romdsfja storms.
with an intense center
of low pressure.
This centeris often called the eye of the storm.
They cause high winds
huge waves and heavy fluding
I am sure many of you remembered seemhurricane cuber on the news back 1996
goberproduce 170 miles per hour winds
and left 380 people died in jacmake
Now anorther from trubble  strom to becalled hurricane.
It must produce wind speed about 73 milesper hour
and fortunately
about fiftytrabbical stormbecome hurricane each year.
A hurricane is the one of the most powerful of all weather system.
and thispower bother energy realised by the condenzation
of water waver
Professor, why don't morehurricanes develop?
Well, the condition have to be percisefor hurricanes to form.
The sea surface temperaturemust be above 26.5 Asdfsad
meteorology
[mi:tiəˈrɔlədʒi]

n.气象学

Bonnie, Charley, Danielle

alphabetical
[ˌælfəˈbetikəl]
a.按字母表顺序的

alternate  
[ɔ:lˈtə:nit, ˈɔ:ltə:neit]

a.交替的;间隔的 v.(使)轮流  

typhoons
[taiˈfu:n]

n.台风

cyclone
[ˈsaikləun]

n.旋风

in a nutshell
极其简括地, 简单地说

collide
[kəˈlaid]

vi.碰撞,互撞;冲突,抵触

vacuum
[ˈvækjuəm]

n.真空;真空吸尘器 v.用吸尘器清扫

vortex
[ˈvɔ:teks]

n.漩涡,旋风

spiraling funnel螺旋式漏斗

funnel
[ˈfʌnəl]

n.漏斗,烟囱  v.汇集

destructive
[diˈstrʌktiv]

a.破坏()的,毁灭()

rotating storm 旋转风暴

tropical
[ˈtrɔpikəl]

a.热带的,炎热的

condensation
[ˌkɔndenˈseiʃən]

n.冷凝(凝聚)(作用)

precise
[priˈsais]

a.精确的,准确的;严谨的

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发表于 2011-10-9 18:15:34 |显示全部楼层
本帖最后由 菱形兽 于 2011-10-9 21:25 编辑

Okay, so we've been talking about theories that deal with the effects of human activity on the climate. Buttoday I'd like to talk a little bit about other theories that can explainvariations in climate. And one of the best known is called the Milankovitch Hypothesis.

Um, now what the Milankovitch Hypothesis isabout? Um, it says that variations in Earth's movements, specifically in its orbit around the Sun, thesevariations lead to differences in the amount of solar energy that reaches Earth. And it's these differences inthe amount of energy that's reaching Earth from the Sun; it's what causesvariations in Earth's climate. Okay, a lot of people think of Earth's orbit around the sun as being perfectly circular, as smooth and as regular as um, say the way the hands move on a well-made watch. But just doesn'twork that way.

You're probablyaware that the Earth's orbit around the Sun is not shaped like a perfectcircle. It's more of an oval, it's elliptical. But the shape of this orbit isn't consistent; it varies over time over a period ofabout a hundred thousand years. Sometimes it's a little more circular,sometimes it's more elliptical. And when Earth's orbit is moreelliptical, Earth is actually closer to the Sun during part of the year, whichmakes Earth, and in particular, the Northern Hemisphere warmer. Andwhy is that important? Well, because most of the planet's glaciers are in the Northern Hemisphere, and ifit gets too warm then glaciers will stop forming. And we already talked about how that affects Earth's overall temperature.

The secondmovement involved in the Hypothesis has to do with axial tilt, the tilt of Earth's axis, thatimaginary pole that runs through the center of the Earth. And depending on the angle it tilts at, the seasons can be more or lesssevere. It makes winters cooler and summers warmer, or, what some might say isdoing now, it makes summers less hot and, more importantly, the winter lesscold, which, just like what I mentioned before, can also stop, um, prevent glaciers from forming, or cause themto melt.

There's a thirdmovement the Hypothesis covers called Precession. Precession basically is thechange in the direction of Earth's axis of rotation. It would take me a million years to explain even just the basics of this movement asPrecession is quite complex. And all these details are way beyond our scope. What's important for you tounderstand is that these three movements, well they are cyclical and they work together to from, ah, toproduce complex but regular variations in Earth'sclimate and lead to the growth or decline of glaciers. Now when Milankovitchfirst proposed this theory in the 1920s, many of this colleagues were skeptical.

Milankovitchdidn't have any proof. Actually there wouldn't be any evidence to support hishypothesis until the 1970s, when oceanographers were able to drill deep intothe seafloor and collect samples, samples which were then analyzed bygeologists. And from these samples they were able to put together a history ofocean temperatures going back hundreds of thousands of years. And this showedthat Earth's climate had changed pretty much the way Milankovitch's hypothesissuggested it would. So this evidence was pretty strong support for theMilankovitch hypothesis and by the 1980s most people accepted this theory.

However in thelate 1980s, some scientists were exploring Devil's Hole, which is basically anextensive water-filled cave, far from the ocean in Nevada, in the western United States. Overmillions of years, ground water left deposits of a mineral called calcite on the rock within Devil's Hole. And bystudying these calcite deposits, we could determine the climate conditions, thetemperatures over the last half million years. Well, the Devil's Hole findings contradicted the one obtained during the 1970s, sobasically the questions was: were the ages of one or both of the samples wrong?Or were scientists misunderstanding the significance of the evidence?

Well, um, in the1990s a new study was done on the two samples and the oceanfloor samples were found to be correct, as were the samples from Devil's Hole.And now it's generally believed that the samples from Devil's Hole correspondto variations in local climate in the western United's States rather than global climate changes.

hypothesis
[haiˈpɔθisis]
n.假说,假设,前提

variation
[ˌveəriˈeiʃən]
n.变化,变动;变体,变种;变奏()

oval
[ˈəuvəl]
n.椭圆形 a.椭圆形的

elliptical  [i'liptikəl]   adj. 椭圆的, 省略的, 简要的

pole
[pəul]
n.柱,杆;地极,磁极,电极

tilt
[tilt]
v.(使)倾斜,(使)倾侧 n.倾斜,倾侧

severe
[siˈviə]
a.严重的;严厉的;严峻的;朴素的

melt
[melt]
v.(使)融化;(使)消散,(使)逐渐消失

precession  [pri'seʃən]   n. 先行, []进动, (分点)岁差

skeptical
[ˈskeptikəl]
a.表示怀疑的

Nevada
[neˈvɑ:də]
n.内华达[美国州名]

deposit
[diˈpɔzit]
n.定金;存款;矿藏 vt.使沉淀;寄存;储蓄

contradict
[ˌkɔntrəˈdikt]
vt.反驳,否认的真实性;与发生矛盾

correspond
[ˌkɔriˈspɔnd]
vi.(with)相符合;(to)相类似;通信

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