【TPO每日精读】猛龙过江

猛龙过江UID：3220220

阅读：目前以TPO，文勇黄金29篇为主

真心求探讨！

加油，冲向100+！

猛龙过江UID：3220220

TPO20.1 正确率：11/14 ；错误题目：10, 13, 14

Paragraph 5: Two other developments presaged the end of the era of turnpikes and started a transportation revolution that resulted in increased regional specialization and the growth of a national market economy. First came the steamboat; although flatboats and keelboats continued to be important until the 1850’s steamboats eventually superseded all other craft in the carrying of passengers and freight. Steamboats were not only faster but also transported upriver freight for about one tenth of what it had previously cost on hand-propelled keelboats. Next came the Erie Canal, an enormous project in its day, spanning about 350 miles. After the canal went into operation, the cost per mile of transporting a ton of freight from Buffalo to New York City declined from nearly 20 cents to less than 1 cent. Eventually, the western states diverted much of their produce from the rivers to the Erie Canal, a shorter route to eastern markets.
10. The word "diverted" in the passage is closest in meaning to: 原选3，正选2 应该联系全句，将其产品转到Erie Canal。
O collected
O shifted
O transported
O sold


13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence can be added to the passage.
In fact, goods could be shipped more cheaply across the much greater distance of the Atlantic Ocean than they could from western New York to coastal cities.
Where would the sentence best fit?
Click on a square [■] to insert the sentence in the passage. 原选4，正选3
Transportation was becoming less of a problem for those who wished to move west and for those who had farm surpluses to send to market. ■Prior to 1815, western farmers who did not live on navigable waterways were connected to them only by dirt roads and mountain trails. ■Livestock could be driven across the mountains, but the cost of transporting bulky grains in this fashion was several times greater than their value in eastern markets. ■The first step toward an improvement of western transportation was the construction of turnpikes. ■These roads made possible a reduction in transportation costs and thus stimulated the commercialization of agriculture along their routes.
最后一句的road跟前面的turnpikes相连接，一个意思的顺承，当时若知道turnpikes的意思，或许就不会选第四个选项。插入句中的in fact有转折的意思，故放选项3后边合适。

14: 正确选项：1、3、5；我的选项：3、5、6
O The desire to improve their livelihood often inspired people to move  west. 当时考虑这是一个小的方面，所谓的小观点不选，请同组同学们指正。
O Among the people who moved to the western United States were a number of artisans.
O The fertility of western farmland as well as favorable government policies supported agricultural gains.
O Steamboats were originally used to transport passengers rather than freight.
O Commercial farming in the West was greatly enhanced by improvements in land and water transportation.
O The transportation revolution resulted in regional economies that operated independently of a national market economy. 错误因为是全国性的市场。

TPO20.2 正确率：10/14 ；错误题目：2, 6, 10，14

Paragraph 1: The universal global warming at the end of the Ice Age had dramatic effects on temperate regions of Asia, Europe, and North America. Ice sheets retreated and sea levels rose. The climatic changes in southwestern Asia were more subtle, in that they involved shifts in mountain snow lines, rainfall patterns, and vegetation cover. However, these same cycles of change had momentous impacts on the sparse human populations of the region. At the end of the Ice Age, no more than a few thousand foragers lived along the eastern Mediterranean coast, in the Jordan and Euphrates valleys. Within 2,000 years, the human population of the region numbered in the tens of thousands, all as a result of village life and farming. Thanks to new environmental and archaeological discoveries, we now know something about this remarkable change in local life.
2. Major climatic changes occurred by the end of the Ice Age in all of the following geographic areas EXCEPT 原选1，正选2
O temperate regions of Asia
O southwestern Asia 属没看清原句…
O North America
O Europe

Paragraph 3: Thanks to extremely fine-grained excavation and extensive use of flotation methods (through which seeds are recovered from soil samples), we know a great deal about the foraging practices of the inhabitants of Abu Hureyra in Syria's Euphrates valley. Abu Hureyra was founded about 9500B.C, a small village settlement of cramped pit dwellings (houses dug partially in the soil) with reed roofs supported by wooden uprights. For the next 1,500 years, its inhabitants enjoyed a somewhat warmer and damper climate than today, living in a well-wooded steppe area where wild cereal grasses were abundant. They subsisted off spring migrations of Persian gazelles from the south. With such a favorable location, about 300 to 400 people lived in a sizable, permanent settlement. They were no longer a series of small bands but lived in a large community with more elaborate social organization, probably grouped into clans of people of common descent.
6. The word "cramped" in the passage is closest in meaning to 原选3，正选4
O primitive
O secure
O extended
O confined 我看括号里说房子的dug在地下呢，那不应该是extend到地下吗？求解

Paragraph 5: Five centuries later, about 7700B.C., a new village rose on the mound. At first the inhabitants still hunted gazelle intensively. Then, about 7000 B.C., within the space of a few generations, they switched abruptly to herding domesticated goats and sheep and to growing einkorn, pulses, and other cereal grasses. Abu Hureyra grew rapidly until it covered nearly 30 acres. It was a close-knit community of rectangular, one-story mud-brick houses, joined by narrow lanes and courtyards, finally abandoned about 5000 B.C.. Many complex factors led to the adoption of the new economies, not only at Abu Hureyra, but at many other locations such as 'Ain Ghazal, also in Syria, where goat toe bones showing the telltale marks of abrasion caused by foot tethering (binding) testify to early herding of domestic stock.
10. According to paragraph 5, after 7000 B.C. the settlement of Abu Hureyra differed from earlier settlements at that location in all of the following EXCEPT 原选1正选2
O the domestication of animals
O the intensive hunting of gazelle 不解，求解！
O the size of the settlement
O the design of the dwellings

14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some answer choices do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.
At the end of the Ice Age, patterns of human settlement changed in southwestern Asia.
O 原选245，正选246 暂时还没弄清楚，我觉得做这类题很恼火啊...每次都要错一两个，请问修改的同学，您是怎么对付这种题的？
Answer Choices
O Wild cereals, grasses, and nuts were exchanged for exotic objects.
O Changes in climatic conditions made southwestern Asia highly beneficial to human occupants.
O Social organization in Abu Hureyra decreased as the population grew.
O The favorable location of Abu Hureyra kept the city from experiencing hardship during drought years.
O Within 2,000 years, populations in southwestern Asia greatly increased in number.
O In rich, fertile areas permanent societies evolved to a high level of complexity.


TPO20.3 正确率：10/14 ；错误题目：2,5,9,13

Paragraph 1: When one considers the many ways by which organisms are completely destroyed after death, it is remarkable that fossils are as common as they are. Attack by scavengers and bacteria, chemical decay, and destruction by erosion and other geologic agencies make the odds against preservation very high. However, the chances of escaping complete destruction are vastly improved if the organism happens to have a mineralized skeleton and dies in a place where it can be quickly buried by sediment. Both of these conditions are often found on the ocean floors, where shelled invertebrates (organisms without spines) flourish and are covered by the continuous rain of sedimentary particles. Although most fossils are found in marine sedimentary rocks, they also are found in terrestrial deposits left by streams and lakes. On occasion, animals and plants have been preserved after becoming immersed in tar or quicksand, trapped in ice or lava flows, or engulfed by rapid falls of volcanic ash.
2. In paragraph 1, what is the author's purpose in providing examples of how organisms are destroyed? 原选2正选1
O To emphasize how surprising it is that so many fossils exist
O To introduce a new geologic theory of fossil preservation 没看完全段，选急了…
O To explain why the fossil record until now has remained incomplete
O To compare how fossils form on land and in water

Paragraph 2: The term "fossil" often implies petrifaction, literally a transformation into stone. After the death of an organism, the soft tissue is ordinarily consumed by scavengers and bacteria. The empty shell of a snail or clam may be left behind, and if it is sufficiently durable and resistant to dissolution, it may remain basically unchanged for a long period of time. Indeed, unaltered shells of marine invertebrates are known from deposits over 100 million years old. In many marine creatures, however, the skeleton is composed of a mineral variety of calcium carbonate called aragonite. Although aragonite has the same composition as the more familiar mineral known as calcite, it has a different crystal form, is relatively unstable, and in time changes to the more stable calcite.
5. Why does the author mention "aragonite" in the passage? 原选4 正选3
O To emphasize that some fossils remain unaltered for millions of years
O To contrast fossil formation in organisms with soft tissue and in organisms with hard shells
O To explain that some marine organisms must undergo chemical changes in order to fossilize
O To explain why fossil shells are more likely to survive than are fossil skeletons 含aragonite句子没有理解清楚，这是个问题啊，为啥老是出现这种理解不清的问题呢？？

Paragraph 5: Another type of fossilization, known as carbonization, occurs when soft tissues are preserved as thin films of carbon. Leaves and tissue of soft-bodied organisms such as jellyfish or worms may accumulate, become buried and compressed, and lose their volatile constituents. The carbon often remains behind as a blackened silhouette.
9. Paragraph 5 suggests which of the following about the carbonization process? 原选3正选2
O It is completed soon after an organism dies.
O It does not occur in hard-shell organisms. 不理解为啥选2，我觉得3更佳啊，文中没有说不会发生在硬壳动物中，只是说软组织在被preserved as thin films of carbon时可发生carbonization
O It sometimes allows soft-tissued organisms to be preserved with all their parts.
O It is a more precise process of preservation than is replacement.

■Another type of fossilization, known as carbonization, occurs when soft tissues are preserved as thin films of carbon. ■Leaves and tissue of soft-bodied organisms such as jellyfish or worms may accumulate, become buried and compressed, and lose their volatile constituents. ■The carbon often remains behind as a blackened silhouette.■
13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence can be added to the passage.
But the evidence of past organic life is not limited to petrifaction. 原选3，正选1；没有联系上下段落，当时做的时候也看了下上文，没发现petrifaction，故就以为木关系，就在段内插入。同组同学，你对了吗？咋做对的，当时咋想的？
Where would the sentence best fit?
Click on a square [■] to insert the sentence in the passage.

wqr619UID：3007621

第十题选B啊？

Joymoon0307UID：3145258

第10题同样不解，求解~~

坏绿的眼睛UID：3138294

我第十题也是 理解得很牵强  我错得和猛龙一模一样

猛龙过江UID：3220220

TPO19.1 错3个
5. The word “friction” in the passage is closest in meaning to 原选1 正选2
O rebellion
O conflict 不解啊,我觉得friction和disloyalty相对应，那应该是rebellion啊
O neglect
O crime

6. The author mentions “343 men at one fort engaged on tasks like shoemaking, building a bathhouse, operating kilns, digging clay, and working lead” in order to 原选2正选3
O describe the kinds of tasks soldiers were required to perform as punishment for disloyalty or misdeeds  
O illustrate some of the duties assigned to soldiers to keep them busy and well-behaved when not involved in military campaigns 当时没看懂
O provide evidence that Roman soldiers had a negative effect on the local area by performing jobs that had been performed by native workers
O argue that the soldiers would have been better employed in the construction of infrastructure such as roads

10. According to paragraph 4, all of the following changes could be seen in the frontier garrisons by the later Roman period EXCEPT:原选3正选4
O Membership in the units passed from father to son.
O Fewer soldiers were stationed at the forts.
O Soldiers usually were not transferred to different locations.
O Frontier units became more effective and proficient.

TPO19.2 错4个
1. According to paragraph 2, which of the following is a criticism of Clements’ view of succession? 原选4正选3
O The principles of succession are more lawlike than Clements thought they are.
O More evidence is needed to establish Clements’ predictions about succession.
O The details of succession are affected by random processes.
O Many of the factors that determine which plants will grow in an environment, such as the nature of the soil and the exposure to sun, do not change at all.

4. The word “likewise” in the passage is closest in meaning to 原选3正选2
O sometimes
O similarly
O apparently
O consequently

8. Why does the author make the statement, “Indeed, there are vast areas of spruce forest without moose” ? 原选2正选4
O To highlight a fact whose significance the ecologist Herbert Gleason had missed
O To propose the idea that a spruce forest is by itself a superorganism
O To emphasize that moose are not limited to a single kind of environment
O To criticize the idea of a spruce-moose biome

14 The study of the combination of plant species that inhabit a particular locality became a scientific discipline toward the end of the nineteenth century.
O  原选356，正选456
  
Answer Choices
O Areas that are recovering from serious disturbances like volcanic eruptions and heavy floods provide special opportunities to observe the development of plant communities.
O Whether a given species will be found in a given ecosystem strongly depends on what other species it would interact with in that ecosystem.
O Computer-aided studies of entire system of associated organisms together with their environment provide a solid basis for current studies of specific ecological problems.
O According to the earliest theories of ecology, the development of plant communities proceeds in lawlike fashion and results in stable climax communities.
O The idea of associations of plants and animals that function as “superorganisms” was later rejected by biologists who saw no strong evidence in support of that idea.
O The once popular idea of communities as integrated ecosystems has been largely rejected by modern ecologists, who are more interested in problems involving behavior and adaptations.

TPO19.3 错五个！！尼玛啊！！伤不起啊！！！
3. According to paragraph 1, what persuaded Louis Agassiz that glaciation in the past had been widespread? 原选1正选2
O Geologic differences between mountain valleys and flat plains
O The presence of similar glacial material in many different regions
O Geologic research on mountain glaciers in the Alps
O Evidence of regional differences in the drift caused by glacial erosion

4. The word “enjoy” in the passage is closest in meaning to 原选2正选1
O experience
O resemble
O expect
O dominate

10. In can be inferred from paragraph 5 that foraminifera fossil shells containing calcite with high percentages of oxygen-16 were deposited at times when
O polar ice extended as far as equatorial regions of land and sea 原选3正选2
O extensive glaciation was not occurring
O there were no great increases in ocean temperature
O there was heavy snowfall on continental glaciers
11. In paragraph 5, why does the author include the information that the “oxygen isotope ratio of the ocean changes as a great deal of water is withdrawn from it by evaporation and is precipitated as snow to form glacial ice” ? 原选2正选1
O To explain how scientists were able to calculate how frequently the continental ice sheets expanded and contracted
O To explain how scientists have determined that there was no great change in ocean temperatures at the equator during past glaciations
O To provide evidence that oxygen-16 has a greater tendency to evaporate than does oxygen-18
O To suggest that equatorial marine organisms absorb more heavy isotopes than do marine organisms elsewhere
12. According to the passage, when did scientists begin to realize that more than one ice age had occurred ? 原选4 正选2
O In the mid nineteenth century
O In the late nineteenth century
O In the early twentieth century
O In the late twentieth century

猛龙过江UID：3220220

TPO18.1
1. Paragraph 1 supports which of the following ideas about England and Germany? 原选4正选2
 They were completely industrialized by the start of the nineteenth century.
 They possessed plentiful supplies of coal.
 They were overtaken economically by the Netherlands and Scandinavia during the early nineteenth century.
 They succeeded for the same reasons that the Netherlands and Scandinavia did.

6. The word “abolished” in the passage is closest in meaning to 原选4正选1
 ended
 raised
 returned
 lowered
8. The word “progressive” in the passage is closest in meaning to 原选1 正选3
 rapid
 partial
 increasing
 individual
9. The author includes the information that “a protectionist movement developed in Sweden” in order to 原选2正选1
 support the claim that the political institutions of the four countries posed no significant barriers to industrialization or economic growth
 identify an exception to the general trend favoring liberal trade policy
 explain why Sweden industrialized less quickly than the other Scandinavian countries and Netherlands
 provide evidence that agricultural reforms take place more quickly in countries that have a liberal trade policy than in those that do not
14Although the Netherlands and Scandinavia began to industrialize relatively late, they did so very successfully 原选234，正选345
 Although these countries all started with small, uneducated populations, industrialization led to significant population growth and higher literacy rates.
 Thanks to their ready access to the sea, these countries enjoyed advantages in mercantile shipping, fishing, and shipbuilding.
 Because they all started with good harbors for steamships, these countries started with an important advantage in the competition for transit trade.
    These countries were helped by the fact that their governments were relatively stable and honest and generally  supported liberal trade policies.
 These countries were successful primarily because their high literacy rates helped them fill specialized market niches.
 Because they were never fully dependent on international commerce, these countries were able to survive notorious fluctuations in international markets.



TPO18.2
8. According to the developmental theory of yawning presented in paragraph 3, what is the role of yawning?原选2正选4
 It caused hiccups, which aid in the development of the lungs.
 It controls the amount of pressure the lungs place on other developing organs.
 It prevents amniotic fluid from entering the lungs.
 It removes a potentially harmful fluid from the lungs.

9. Paragraph 3 supports which of the following statements about the development theory of yawning?原选4正选2
 The theory is attractive because it explains yawning from the perspective of Darwinian evolution.
 The theory is unsatisfactory because it cannot explain the lung deformities of infants.
 The theory is questionable because it does not explain why a useless and inconvenient behavior would continue into adulthood.
 The theory is incomplete because it does not explain all the evolutionary stages in the development of yawning.

11. The study of yawning behavior discussed in paragraph 4 supports which of the following conclusions?原选4正选1
 Yawning is associated with an expectation of increased physical activity.
 Yawning occurs more frequently when people are asked to record their yawning.
 People tend to yawn about fifteen minutes before they become tired or bored.

14. The tiredness theory of yawning does not seem to explain why yawning occurs.原选126，正选136
 Although earlier scientific studies strongly supported the tiredness theory, new evidence has cast doubt on these findings.
 Evidence has shown that yawning is almost completely unrelated to amount of oxygen in the blood and is unrelated to sleep behavior.
 Some have proposed that yawning plays a role in the development of the lungs before birth but that it serves no purpose in adults.
 Fluids in the lungs of the fetus prevent yawning from occurring, which disproves the developmental theory of yawning.
 New studies, along with anecdotal evidence, have shown that the frequency of yawning increases during extended periods of inactivity.
 There is some evidence that suggests that yawning prepares the body and mind for a change in activity level.
 Mental or physical stress tends to make people yawn.


TPO18.3
3. According to paragraph2, what causes ice crystal to become positively charged?原选4正选1
 Collisions with ice pellets
 Collisions with negatively charged ice crystals at the base of the cloud
 Becoming concentrated in the central region of the cloud
 Forming at a temperature greater than -15℃

6. According to paragraph2, the middle region of a cloud becomes negatively charged due to all of the following原选2 正选4
 a shift of electrical charged between ice pellets and ice crystals
 negatively charged ice pellets that remain in the middle
 a temperature of -15℃ or less
 the development of a positive charge at the base of the cloud

7. The author remarks that “Lightning that strikes the ground is the most likely to be destructive” in order to explain why 原选4，正选1
 this form of lightning has been investigated so much
 this form of lightning is not as common as lightning within a cloud
 scientific understanding of this form of lightning is important
 the buildup of positive charge on the ground beneath a storm cloud can have serious consequences

13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
The descending stream of electrons divides at the point where the new positive-stream channel intersects the established path.
Where would the sentence best fit? 原选2 正选3

猛龙过江UID：3220220

TPO14
正确率分别是：14/14; 10/14; 10/14 具体分析明天贴上

猛龙过江UID：3220220

今日精读
黄金29篇-16 The Long-Term Stability of Ecosystems

Paragraph 6: Ecologists are especially interested to know what factors contribute to the resilience of communities because climax communities all over the world are being severely damaged or destroyed by human activities. The destruction caused by the volcanic explosion of Mount St. Helens, in the northwestern United States, for example, pales in comparison to the destruction caused by humans. We need to know what aspects of a community are most important to the community’s resistance to destruction, as well as its recovery.

10. The word “pales” in the passage is closest in meaning to
○Increases proportionally
○Differs
○Loses significance
○Is common

我猜的是2，答案是3，怎么猜的呢？
后边的句子插入题的插入句是“In fact, damage to the environment by humans is often much more severe than damage by natural events and processes.” 这样可以猜得到，但当时真心没猜到是3...

slyarUID：3287398

猛龙过江 发表于 2012-6-25 20:03
今日精读
黄金29篇-16 The Long-Term Stability of Ecosystems

主要The destruction caused by之前不是还插了句话，那句很好的连接了，人的破坏，还有环境的破换，所以可以前后对应了，我当时倒是直接看词做的，destruction 负性的， compare ，那么之前要么正要么负，不会什么中立的，前面出现人的破坏，环境的破坏，所以两个负

猛龙过江UID：3220220

slyar 发表于 2012-6-25 21:48
主要The destruction caused by之前不是还插了句话，那句很好的连接了，人的破坏，还有环境的破换，所以可 ...

负词性，对~！赞

slyarUID：3287398

猛龙过江 发表于 2012-6-25 23:41
负词性，对~！赞

呵呵,多交流交流

slyarUID：3287398

猛龙过江 发表于 2012-6-25 23:41
负词性，对~！赞

呵呵,多交流交流

slyarUID：3287398

猛龙过江 发表于 2012-6-25 23:41
负词性，对~！赞

呵呵,多交流交流

猛龙过江UID：3220220

黄金29-17

最后一题
12. Directions: Complete the table by matching the phrases below
Directions: Select the appropriate phrases from the answer choices and match them to the type of organism to which they relate. TWO of the answer choices will NOT be used. This question is worth 4 points.

Drag your answer choices to the spaces where they belong. To remove an answer choice, click on it. To review the passage, click on View Text.
Opportunists  3469 错选1，漏选4        Competitors 2  5  8
                                      
  Answer Choices
1. Vary frequently the amount of energy they spend in body maintenance
2. Have mechanisms for protecting themselves from predation
3. Succeed in locations where other organisms have been removed
4. Have relatively short life spans
5. Invest energy in the growth of large, strong structures
6. Have populations that are unstable in response to climate conditions
7. Can rarely find suitable soil for reproduction
8. Produce individuals that can withstand changes in the environmental conditions
9. Reproduce in large numbers