argument 62 121 122 124The following appeared in a memo from the director of a l

chrishong119UID：3412641

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62)The following appeared in a memo from the director of a large group of hospitals.
In a laboratory study of liquid antibacterial hand soaps, a concentrated solution of UltraClean produced a 40 percent greater reduction in the bacteria population than did the liquid hand soaps currently used in our hospitals. During a subsequent test of UltraClean at our hospital in Workby, that hospital reported significantly fewer cases of patient infection than did any of the other hospitals in our group. Therefore, to prevent serious patient infections, we should supply UltraClean at all hand-washing stations throughout our hospital system.
Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.

chrishong119UID：3412641

    The director argues that UltraClean should be supplied at all hand`washing stations throughout he hospital system to prevent serious patient infections. Close scrutiny of the argument and the evidences on which it bases, I find some assumptions of the argument need to be addressed.

    First of all, UltraClean would significantly decrease the patient infections in other hospitals is based on the assumption that the whole situation in other hospitals are the same as that of Workby hospital.基于假设：所有医院的医生处理病人的方式、治疗原则、手术方法都是一样，护士的护理也一样，所有医院各个科室的环境卫生、规章制度、家属及外来人员来访规定也一样。但现实可能并非如此。 The director assumes that doctors would treat the patients, curb the diseases and perform the surges the same way in all hospital system, and the after-surge nursing and daily care from the nursers are the same, the sanitary situations and regulations in all departments in the hospital system are as well the same. But unfortunately the director provide no evidences to support this assumption, and the reality would very likely to be that the whole situation in other hospitals would be significantly different from that of Workby hospital. Then, the director`s argument would be certainly unconvincing.

    Seconds, the director bases the argument upon the assumption that the conditions of patients in Workby hospital, during the subsequent test, are not more benign than others in else hospitals, and clinical works in Workby hospital do not pay special attention to prevent infection during that time. 可能的是，workday当时的病人病情更轻些，因此也不容易感染，而且，毕竟是在检测期，所以医生在手术时会更加注意无菌原则，并尽量将手术做得更好，对病人用药也更加细心，护士对病人的护理也更加细致、贴心，同时更加严格控制家属及外来人员的来访，限时限量。

    Finally, the director relies on the assumption that the laboratory conditions for UltraClean and the currently used soaps are the same, then come to the conclusion that the former is more effective in killing bacteria population. UltraClean是在实验室检测的，那儿的环境及卫生标准肯定更高更好，细菌一般也不容易繁殖，而现在所用的香皂，检测地点不清楚，也许其是在医院里面检测的，那儿的卫生肯定没实验室的好，其结果就不再那么有说服力了。

chrishong119UID：3412641

不好意思啊，好像发重复了这帖子，删不了~~

tesolchinaUID：2191404

chrishong119 发表于 2014-12-5 22:06
不好意思啊，好像发重复了这帖子，删不了~~

请加我微信 tesolchina 目前建了一个微信群 分工列提纲

zsczslUID：2888426

王老师好，我新写了一个大纲，还请指教，多谢啦！

1 抄题
62. The following appeared in a memo from the director of a large group of hospitals.

"In a laboratory study of liquid antibacterial hand soaps, a concentrated solution of UltraClean produced a 40 percent greater reduction in the bacteria population than did the liquid hand soaps currently used in our hospitals. During a subsequent test of UltraClean at our hospital in Workby, that hospital reported significantly fewer cases of patient infection than did any of the other hospitals in our group. Therefore, to prevent serious patient infections, we should supply UltraClean at all hand-washing stations throughout our hospital system."

Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.

2 列出argument的结论和主要证据
claim或结论：Therefore, to prevent serious patient infections, we should supply UltraClean at all hand-washing stations throughout our hospital system.

证据01： In a laboratory study of liquid antibacterial hand soaps, a concentrated solution of UltraClean produced a 40 percent greater reduction in the bacteria population than did the liquid hand soaps currently used in our hospitals   
证据02： During a subsequent test of UltraClean at our hospital in Workby, that hospital reported significantly fewer cases of patient infection than did any of the other hospitals in our group.

3 写第一段
TS (pt1, pt2, pt3): In this memo, the director suggests all the hospitals of her group should use UltraClean liquid antibacterial hand soaps to protect her patients against infection. To corroborate her conclusion, the author mainly cites the result of the laboratory research and the outcome of the practice in her Workby hospital. However, the group should scrutinize all the key postulations which the argument is based on before implementing such a sweeping change.

4. 写出中间段的主题句（英语）用汉语解释主要讨论的点

中间第一段
ts (pt1): To begin with, the director assumes that the efficacy of the normal UltraClean liquid soap will be as high as the concentrated solution.实验报告里说UltraClean浓缩液的杀菌效果好于目前作者所属各家医院所用的洗手液。如果作者的假设成立，那么用UltraClean洗手液替换现用洗手液当然能杀死更多细菌，减少感染概率。可是如果普通浓度的UltraClean洗手液杀菌效果不如浓缩液，甚至还低于现用洗手液，那么作者的建议就不能执行了。

中间第二段
ts (pt2): The next unstated supposition is that all infections result from the dirty hands instead of any other cause. 作者强调洗手液的作用，自然是觉得是医生、护士或者病人手没洗干净就触碰伤口，导致感染。可倘若是因为医疗器具消毒不达标而导致患者感染，那就另当别论了。比如Workby医院是最近修的医院，里面的医疗器具消毒设备是最新、最好的，那么相比那些设备比较老旧的医院，Workby医院的患者感染较少就不足为奇了。

中间第三段
ts (pt3): Even if it is true that only the poor sterilized hands lead to all the infections, there remains a postulation that all the conditions of the Workby hospital and these of all the other ones except the liquid soap adopted are exactly the same.要是所有医院所处地区卫生环境相同，医生手术方法相同，护士护理方法相同，那么就有可能是 UltraClean造就了更少的病人感染。否则的话，有可能是Workby地处一个更加卫生的大环境里，或者Workby的医生、护士在手术、护理时方法更加得当，而非UltraClean，促使了更少的感染。

中间第四段
ts (pt4): Finally, the director implicitly presupposes that all the patients in all the hospitals share the same level of physical quality or constitution. 要是所有病人受伤程度相同，接受手术规模相同，本身抵抗力相同，那么就有可能是UltraClean使得在Workby医院的病人较少感染。然而也许Workby是一个专门接受轻伤病人的医院，或者Workby根本就不进行大型手术，再或者Workby医院的病人本身抵抗力比其它医院的病人都强，那么就不是UltraClean使得感染减少，作者的建议就不成立了。