issue 59 提纲

tesolchina_RAUID：3675555

Scientists and other researchers should focus their research on areas that are likely to benefit the greatest number of people.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position.

7:10am

basic research unpredictable

satisfy curiosity and have fun  

natural science

engineering

social science  

7:14am

Scientists and researchers are a small group of elites with the best education and the abundant resources available to support their projects.  Some people argue that with such privileges come great responsibilities in that scientists and researchers should focus their efforts on research projects that may bring the benefits to as many people as possible.  I think this argument is reasonable for researchers in engineering. But when it comes to researchers in natural sciences and social sciences, such a utilitarian approach violates the basic principles of researches in these fields.  

To begin with, researchers in engineering should work on projects that may improve the productivity of workers in different fields and ultimately benefit workers and consumers in a large scale.  
- 提出例子：谷歌工程师通过对算法的优化更有效的处理互联网上的大量网页信息
- 解释：通过对网页信息的储存、索引，人们可以更加迅速的找到自己想要的资料来做决定
- 提出例子：谷歌推出热气球互联网计划，让更多的人有机会接入互联网
- 解释：工程师尤其应该关注弱势群体 处理数码鸿沟问题

Nevertheless, it is unrealistic to expect natural scientists to choose their research projects based on whether their research outcomes can help a great many people.
- 提出第一个原因：自然科学的研究首要目的是满足人类的好奇心  
- 比如对宇宙起源的研究 大爆炸理论乃至弦理论 都是一群数学家和理论物理学家的游戏
- 这种研究对大众没什么帮助 但是却很重要 关系到人类在宇宙中的位置和命运
- 提出第二个原因：由于理论研究的结果不可预测
- 爱因斯坦提出相对论时并没有预见到可以用来开发核能   
- 核能对人类的贡献与威胁需要另一群人来决定（工程师、政客、公民？）

Social scientists concerned with practical problems at local level should not burden themselves with the impossible job of helping people around the world.  
- 解释观点：社会科学研究者需要关注本土问题 甚至弱势群体
- 提出例子： 比如中国同性恋问题研究者  
- 解释例子： 同性恋问题只涉及少数人 不代表不重要 不需要研究
- 提出例子： 我研究的中国学生GRE写作问题  
- 解释例子： 只是少数精英可以受益  
- 总结：社会科学家不要不切实际想拯救世界，要做一些具体的小问题

7:36am

想不到写这个详细的提纲也花了这么多时间，可能是英汉夹杂反而不如直接写英语那么流畅。这个示范里，我运用了分类讨论，将科研分作社会科学、自然科学和工程研究三类。另外，我的汉语提纲具体到了句子的层面，以列点形式展开，而不是写一大段汉语。 希望大家在写提纲时也考虑这样做。


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