强烈推荐：李笑来的作文笔记

TriumnyUID：2158073

寒假里在北京四十七中新东方度过了难忘的17天……呵呵，那里真是荒山野岭。不过也觉得收获蛮大。我经常到这里来，真的大家那种真诚的互助而感动。今天刚开始复习作文，打算把笔记整理成电子版传上来和大家一起分享，希望对大家有所帮助。另外，我在此搜索到一个作文笔记版本，但是原作者只写了一小部分。请大家支持我！:$不胜感激！大家同是5T备考人，We will make it!

刚刚全部整理完了！谢谢大家的支持，第三部分在第二页。我把word版本也传上来了:$

:)笑来的第一堂作文课：
作文字数：300～350字
可以节省时间的地方：
1 不必在意英语、美语之间的差异
2 不必在意口语和书面语之间的差异
3 不必在意任何文化差异
4 甚至不必在意语言是否地道

审题准确、全面
1.        所有审题工作考试之前完成
2.        相似的题目考试之前辨析

作文分为三类：
1.        简单说明文 Explanation
第一部分（1段）：BI  (Back Information) and TS   (Thesis Statement)
第二部分（2、3段）：Supporting
例：21. In general, people are living  now. Discuss the causes of this phenomenon. Use specific reasons and details to develop your essay.
参考分析：
•        现象描述：20世纪初全球平均年龄(life expectancy)大约45岁。到20世纪末，这个数字已经增长到70岁左右。
•        人们越来越长寿的原因：
o        越来越好的饮食条件，饮食卫生，越来越科学的饮食模式
o        越来越发达的医疗技术、越来越完善的医疗保健系统
o        经济稳定、社会稳定。极端的例子：前苏联(the previous Soviet Union)解体(disintegration/breakup)后，俄罗斯的平均年龄大幅度下降
有用句型：
Among various factors that have made people live longer are A, B and C.
A is a very important factor.
Equally important is the ……
Matching A and B is another essential factor ,C.

写主题句的建议：
a)        尽量不要只使用抽象名词
b)        尽量暗示文章将来结构
c)        主题句应该值得解释、值得证明
注意：主题句写好，文章不需要结论句

2 对比对照说明文 Compare and Contrast：
第一部分：BI
第二部分：C and C (Compare and Contrast)
第三部分：TS  结论、主旨
原则：想好再写
有用句型：
Somebody assert that B is better than A. However, I want to reason that A is better than B.
对比对照排列顺序（两种方法）：
a)        A三对一错，B三错一对
b)        A三对B一对，B三错A一错
注意：顺序很重要！结论不重要

3 立论文 Argumentation  
a) 立场不止一个 b) 不能以对错来判断
第一部分：BI
第二部分：Supporting
第三部分：Rebuttal 驳论（从一个以上的角度思考问题）
第四部分：TS(Conclution)
例：保护濒临灭绝动物是否值得？保护大熊猫是否值得？
1)        Somebody believe that pandas are beautiful.. 但是凭什么用人类的审美观去判官另外的动物是否该保护呢？
2)        保护濒临灭绝动物值不值得？不保护也不影响生态平衡
3)        Do we have enough money? 煽情：用保护熊猫的钱可以资助多少贫困地区的儿童上学，可以解决多少人的饥饿问题，等等
注意：
a)        以读者为导向
b)        想好再写
c)        说服重于表达
d)        顺序、结论不重要

[ 本帖最后由 Triumny 于 2006-4-5 11:59 编辑 ]

TriumnyUID：2158073

请看过的朋友帮忙顶一下吧，给我点支持和动力，呵呵

snowflake21cnUID：2196101

Yes, we will make it.
Thanks for your efforts to have posted them in this column.

I am also going to take TOFEL,TSE in May!but TWE I have not started yet...feel like an ant on the hot oven now...

炽阳UID：2190872

阿彪

xiaoce1984UID：2176488

thanks a lot

tcacUID：2147894

well done. that's what i need.
thx.

TriumnyUID：2158073

大家如果觉得有用就帮我顶一下吧，我会坚持的，谢谢！

第二次课：

写作的动作：命令指示；说明说服
文章中排列元素的方式：
1 二分法进行排列：
三种：简单到复杂；已知到未知；次要到重要
2 根据逻辑关系进行排列：
三种逻辑关系：并列、递进、转折
三种结构方式：
a)        第一、二段并列，第二、三段递进
b)        第一、二段递进，第二、三段转折
c)        第一、二段转折，第二、三段递进
例：43. Why do you think some people are attracted to dangerous sports or other dangerous activities? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
参考分析：
罗列出三个理由，比如：
•        金钱  One of the most obvious reasons that people perform dangerous activities might be the drive of money.
举例：特技演员stunt man 战地摄影师
•        追求快乐的欲望 The desired purpose of happiness
•        无知 Sometimes blind brave comes out of ignorance.
注意：说明性文字的原则是简洁、朴素、有效。
例：6. If you could change one important thing about your hometown, what would you change? Use reasons and specific examples to support your answer.
参考分析：
改变其环境，因为一个好的环境会使人们
•        更加快乐 happier
•        更加健康 healthier
•        更加有效率 productive achievement


第三次课
例：70. Some people think that the automobile has improved modern life. Others think that the automobile has caused serious problems. What is your opinion? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
参考分析：
a)        汽车使市场上商品数量增多了。过去：limited range
The range of people has been continually extended make more goods available in the local markets.
b)        从上面的分析可以得出：商品价格下降了。
Now people have lowered price of the goods in the markets. Competition arises and will bring lower price.
c)        对妇女地位独立有很大贡献。
Cars may have a great contribution to current status of Chinese women.

写作中的立场选择：
1.        最好不同意的：绝对立场（绝对立场很难捍卫）
题目：
2. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents are the best teachers. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
37. Do you agree or disagree that progress is always good? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
53. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The most important aspect of a job is the money a person earns. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
最容易的方法是直接反对，以37题为例：
It is true that progress is usually good.分析：书写文字的发展（从结绳记事到笔的发明，从软笔到硬笔）；交通工具、沟通工具的发展（短信业务对聋哑人的意义）
However, it is hardly true that progress is always good.举例：汽车、武器、手机
In fact progress in itself is neither good nor bad. 真正有好有坏的是人。
例：54. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? One should never judge a person by external appearances. Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.
•        以貌取人往往是错的
We often get wrong when we judge a person by his appearance.
•        然而透过外表可以得到很多有用的信息。
When you are talking to a man, 他的眼睛……
•        甚至有一些情况下，不得不根据外表判断。比如，导演选择演员。

2 最好同意的
题目：
27. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People should sometimes do things that they do not enjoy doing. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
参考分析：
这个statement里面的限定词是sometimes。应该同意这个观点。[63]可以作为[27]的理由之一，因为，Most experiences in our lives that seemed difficult at the time become valuable lessons for the future。这道题甚至可以作为[43]的答案。Most successful people have one thing in common: they are capable of doing things that they virtually do not enjoy doing.
63. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Most experiences in our lives that seemed difficult at the time become valuable lessons for the future. Use reasons and specific examples to support our answer.
参考分析：
表明立场，基本同意这个观点。因为这个观点没有使用绝对词。(Basically/Fundamentally, it is true that…)
•        举一些例子支持题目中的观点。
•        然而也确实有些痛苦经历对将来毫无帮助。比如对大多数不喜欢化学的人来讲，中学时期在元素周期表(periodic table [system] of elements)中苦苦挣扎的经验对以后的人生并没有什么帮助。
•        有些父母、教师用这个说法作为虐待孩子的借口，说是为了孩子的将来着想，就很没有道理了。
注意：使用绝对词时要小心，可用下面这些词
Usually, often, sometimes, hardly

3 只能反对的
题目：
8. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Television has destroyed communication among friends and family. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.
一方面人们看电视的时间越来越多；另外一方面人与人之间的关系越来越冷漠。但是这两个现象并不是完全、直接的因果关系。造成人们关系冷漠的原因很多，比如，来自方方面面的压力：工作、生活。
88. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Telephones and email have made communication between people less personal. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.
119. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People behave differently when they wear different clothes. Do you agree that different clothes influence the way people behave? Use specific examples to support your answer.
确实，有些时候人们在穿着不同的情况下会有不同的行为。(举例)
然而，决定行为因素还有很多，服装仅仅是其中的一个因素。(罗列几个其他的因素)
120. Decisions can be made quickly, or they can be made after careful thought. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The decisions that people make quickly are always wrong. Use reasons and specific examples to support your opinion.
确实，有些时候快速做出的决定可能是错的。(举例)
然而，决定是否正确还有很多其他影响因素，并且，快不等于not careful。极端的例子是战场上的指挥官，必须要快速做出正确决定。罗列几个影响“决定正确与否”的其他因素。

有用句型：
How come they have such an opinion?
A 不见得是B的理由：A is not necessarily the reason of B.
A不见得是B唯一的理由：A is not necessarily the only reason of B.
A不见得是B最重要的理由：A is not necessarily the most important reason of B.
It is true that A……
It is also true that B……
However, it is hardly true that……

4 不能同意也不能反对：
题目：20. It is better for children to grow up in the countryside than in a big city. Do you agree or disagree? Use specific reasons and examples to develop your essay.
分析：It depends.
不同的阶段有不同的选择：
a)        家庭内部环境：3～5岁
b)        小学生在乡下更好
c)        初中、高中就可能在大城市更好一点：图书馆、教学质量
注意：立场鲜明不等于立场绝对
32. Is it better to enjoy your money when you earn it or is it better to save your money for some time in the future? Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.
是花钱及时享乐好呢还是把钱存起来好，要看钱的数目是多少。如果一个月赚
•        2000块，只有一个选择，花掉。
•        20000块，就可以花掉一些，存起来一些。
•        200000块，就多花一些，也可以多存一些。

wingerweskerUID：2154168

阿彪~呵呵
UP

xiaoqiUID：2161163

好东西~请楼主快点啊~

呵呵~

hyacinthUID：2184492

顶一个~~
同是5Ter

TriumnyUID：2158073

呵呵，谢谢大家支持，已全部整理完成！

第四次课
并列句的写法：
例句：
1.        历史必然含混也因此必然有趣。
History has to be vague and is therefore very interesting.
2.        在中国孩子们没有权利也因此做一些自己不喜欢做的事情。
In China children have little rights and therefore have to do many things that they do not enjoy doing.
3.        计算机不仅给人们带来了方便，还使人们学得更多。
Computers have not only brought convenience but they have also made people learn more.
结论：
1.        尽量使用复数名词作主语
2.        能用过去式就用过去式，能用完成式就用完成式
★        用not only把第一个谓语动词切开，用but also把第二个谓语动词切开
常见的三种句子切分结构：
a)        主语和谓语切开（要求主语超过一个词）
Those parents, however, have supported such a stupid decision.
b)        助动词和实义动词切开
Those parents have , however, supported such a stupid decision.
c)        系动词和表语切开
It is, however, hardly true that……
1.        不是省略而是替换（代词）
例：6. If you could change one important thing about your hometown, what would you change? Use reasons and specific examples to support your answer.
（题目分析见第二次课）
a)        A nice environment will make people happier.
b)        A nice environment will also make people healthier.
c)        A good environment will not only make people happier and healthier, but it will even make people more productive.

英文的比较句：
A is more beautiful than B (is beautiful).  B 是主格。
★比较句是两个句子构成的。
★第二个句子的谓语动词建议不要省略。也就是书面语和口语的区别
He is much more handsome than I am.
I like her more than you do. (此句如果省略do则会引起歧义)
★比较的前提：A和B属于同一范畴；A和B拥有相同的属性
例：4. It has been said, "Not everything that is learned is contained in books." Compare and contrast knowledge gained from experience with knowledge gained from books. In your opinion, which source is more important? Why?
比较的是知识，而不是书本和经验的比较
A is as beautiful as she is smart.
这句话的翻译在国内语法书中都是错误的！“她既聪明又漂亮”是错误的翻译！！！
注意：比较句不可能孤立存在，必须根据上下文判断其含义。比较句中后面的句子是参照系。
上面那句话的意思是她的漂亮程度和聪明的程度相同，如果是褒义的聪明，那她就是非常漂亮；但如果她的聪明具有讽刺意味，那么她的“漂亮”也不是真正的漂亮。
A is not as beautiful as smart.
这句话则没有歧义，一般情况下指她不漂亮。Not是下降趋势，more than是上升趋势。
No more than 和not more than在本质上是没有区别的。
例73. Some people say that computers have made life easier and more convenient. Other people say that computers have made life more complex and stressful. What is your opinion? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
计算机的两个属性：useful and complex
复杂但不见得有用：
Computers are not as useful as complex.
Computers are much less useful than complex.
Computers are much more useless than complex.

★        名词属性的比较：
A is a lover. A is a husband.
A is more of a husband than a lover.

It has a positive effect. It has a negative effect.
It has more of positive than a negative effect.
It has more of positive effect than a negative one.
注意：第二个句子允许倒装

RenjaYUID：2194062

谢谢啦～

AlgerUID：2198409

感谢分享，互相促进才能有提高

ToxvehiUID：2184814

duoxie