【TRANSFORMER】_提纲ISSUE&ARGUMENT_0806

shevavaUID：2574709

170"The surest indicator of a great nation is not the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but the general welfare of all its people."

203"The best way to understand the character of a society is to examine the character of the men and women that the society chooses as its heroes or its heroines."

233.The following appeared in a memo from the vice president of a company that builds shopping malls throughout the country.

"The surface of a section of Route 101, paved two years ago by McAdam Road Builders, is now badly cracked and marred by dangerous potholes. In another part of the state, a section of Route 66, paved by Appian Roadways more than four years ago, is still in good condition. Appian Roadways has recently purchased state-of-the-art paving machinery, and it has hired a new quality-control manager. Because of its superior work and commitment to quality, we should contract with Appian Roadways rather than McAdam Road Builders to construct the access roads for all our new shopping malls."

162.A recent study shows that people living on the continent of North America suffer 9 times more chronic fatigue and 31 times more chronic depression than do people living on the continent of Asia. Interestingly, Asians, on average, eat 20 grams of soy per day, whereas North Americans eat virtually none. It turns out that soy contains phytochemicals called isoflavones, which have been found to possess disease-preventing properties. Thus, North Americans should consider eating soy on a regular basis as a way of preventing fatigue and depression.

yesrushUID：2443769

170"The surest indicator of a great nation is not the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but the general welfare of all its people."
1.
市民是国家的基础。市民的生活好坏反映了国家的情况。中国以前是一个贫穷的国家，人们过着无家可归的生活，疾病横飞。现在中国强大了，同时人们生活也好了，健康，还有娱乐生活。
2.
政治家对提高国家成就很重要。Martin Luther King反映了美国那个时代黑人权利平等的声音。Churchill在第二次世界大战the Second Would War对国民的激励。邓小平的改革开放政策Reform and Open Up policy对经济的刺激。
3.
艺术家对提高国家成就很重要。Van Gogh的Potato Eaters反映贫困大众的悲惨生活；Beethoven的音乐带来心灵震撼；
4.
科学家对提高国家成就很重要。Edison发明的电灯泡给人光明；Bell发明的电话方便人们交流；袁荣平的转基因水稻transgenic rice解决了饥饿问题


203"The best way to understand the character of a society is to examine the character of the men and women that the society chooses as its heroes or its heroines."
理解一个社会特征的最好的方法就是研究那个社会所认为的英雄人物。
1.
对英雄人物的定义：对社会做出贡献，有着被大多数人欣赏的道德品质，但并不是每个想成为英雄的人都可以成为英雄。
2.
英雄在一定程度上反映了社会正面的价值。Martin Luther King反映了美国那个时代黑人权利平等的声音。Joan of Arc反映了法国广大人民爱好祖国爱好和平的声音。Hawking反映了当代科学家追求真理不畏艰险的强烈意志。
3.
但是社会也有黑暗面，这些是英雄反应不了的。恐怖主义、环境问题。
4.
要向理解社会特征，需要了解普通大众。长城的建成不是秦始皇Emperor Qin的杰作，而是数万劳动人民的心血。第二次世界大战的结果不是由少数政治家决定，而是无数抗战第一线的男人和背后运物资的女人。


ARGARGU 233
1.一段路修的好不好不等于整条路修的如何
RS：地震、heavy truck；其他路段


2.新manager新机器不等于好manager好机器
RS：新manager是graduate student with no 经验；别的行业industry的QS manager；新机器没人可以manipulate；能操纵但效率不高


3.Shopping malls修的好不好不等于rout修的好不好
RS：shopping malls注重修路速度，修路影响交通，影响营业business；rout注重路的承受力bearing capacity


ARGU162
1.不能由吃大豆推出疲劳与否
RS：美国人工作压力更大（很早离开父母独立生活）；金融危机commercial cries失业问题


2.吃大豆方法不可行
RS：大豆在美国不好种；美国人不喜欢吃大豆；体质差别，大豆不能使美国人情绪好
3.别的方法解决疲劳和低情绪问题
RS：多参加party和朋友聚会；多锻炼；解决失业问题
a

blade134UID：2328542

Issue:
170"The surest indicator of a great nation is not the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but the general welfare of all its people."
keyword:surest indicator; general welfare
General welfare, which means health, happiness, prosperity, and well-being  of  all people（可以根据需要精简对应下面几个方面）, are often recognzied as an indicator whether a country is  prosperous or not. Some may hold the position that the prosperity of  a nation is largerly decided by how its law, art, or technology developed, actually, it is more important when general public are having more.
物质方面，如果科学家的研究不能造福人民，那么科学的作用范围是狭小的。前苏联（soviet union）解体的重要原因之一是太重视军工，而忽视了轻工业的发展。
知识方面，如果法律不能为大众所接受，不能带来稳定的社会秩序，那么这种法律就很难施行（普及）
精神方面，如果艺术不能给大众带来快乐，那么艺术就没有广泛的生命力。人们欣赏才会花钱买艺术作品或是观看演出，艺术家才有更充足的经济实力进行创作。
Hence,

203"The best way to understand the character of a society is to examine the character of the men and women that the society chooses as its heroes or its heroines."
key word:character; society-hero  men-woman;
Hero和society是否一种 representive 关系；
主-英雄对社会的影响--主要是正面影响；因此主要代表某个社会的正面--丘吉尔的幽默之于英国人，华盛顿的诚实正直之于美国人
普通人和英雄的区别--普通人没有英雄某个突出的方面，但会更加全面
副-男英雄和女英雄的差异：基本没有；例如戴高乐和圣女贞德，都是为自由而战
Hence，英雄主要代表某个社会的正面，但不完全代表某个社会的全部character；

Argument:
233 The following appeared in a memo from the vice president of a company that builds shopping malls throughout the country.

"The surface of a section of Route 101, paved two years ago by McAdam Road Builders, is now badly cracked and marred by dangerous potholes. In another part of the state, a section of Route 66, paved by Appian Roadways more than four years ago, is still in good condition. Appian Roadways has recently purchased state-of-the-art paving machinery, and it has hired a new quality-control manager. Because of its superior work and commitment to quality, we should contract with Appian Roadways rather than McAdam Road Builders to construct the access roads for all our new shopping malls."
1 只用一个工程（某个路面的一段）来说明这两家公司的施工质量太片面，也可能MA还有其它优质工程而AR有劣质工程；
1.5 MA修的那段路不好可能是有其它原因，地震或者是大量载重卡车经过；而MA的那条路在4年内也可能已经重修过；
2 AR 买机器和雇QC并不能说明他们的质量就一定上升，一没有任何详细的证据，二说不定MA已经有该机器或QC专员；
3 两家公司的报价（上升到综合竞争力）可能MA更低，此外有可能MA在某些地区的施工经验更加丰富；
Hence，需要更全面的调查两家公司的工程，更深入了解两家公司的技术水平，确定综合竞争力后 再下结论。

162 A recent study shows that people living on the continent of North America suffer 9 times more chronic fatigue and 31 times more chronic depression than do people living on the continent of Asia. Interestingly, Asians, on average, eat 20 grams of soy per day, whereas North Americans eat virtually none. It turns out that soy contains phytochemicals called isoflavones, which have been found to possess disease-preventing properties. Thus, North Americans should consider eating soy on a regular basis as a way of preventing fatigue and depression.
瞎找原因的reasoning line:
杜绝慢性病--调查了解情况-->看亚洲人-->发现他们吃soy-->发现soy里面有抗疾病功能的isoflavones --> 结论：我们也要吃soy
1 调查本身的公正性，住在北美的人很多，亚洲更多，取样是否具有代表性-够广
2 People who live in North American应当找到他们疲劳和抑郁的真正原因，不应当在没有任何研究的情况下和亚洲人做对比；
3 吃soy只是亚洲人生活习惯的一部分，可能有其它因素。（是否对比过吃和不吃的人的情况）
4 isoflavones只是预防疾病，不一定对chronic fatigue and chronic depression有效；
5 就算有效，两个continent人的体质和生活环境不同，要搞清楚米国人是否适合吃soy，有无副作用（结论前提，most important）；