5 CR Qs from Taipei ~
Just don't know WHY~~~Thank you for your explanations.
LUXIN CRITICAL REASONING LOOSE-LEAFING
1. Nearly one in three subscribers to Financial Forecaster is a millionaire, and over half are in top management. Shouldn’t you subscribe to Financial Forecaster now?
A reader who is neither a millionaire nor in top management would be most likely to act in accordance with the advertisement’s suggestion if he or she drew which of the following questionable conclusions invited by the advertisement?
(A)Among finance-related periodical, Financial Forecaster provides the most detailed financial information.
(B)Top managers cannot do their jobs properly without reading Financial Forecaster.
(C)The advertisement is placed where those who will be likely to read it are millionaires.
(D)The subscribers mentioned were helped to become millionaires or join top management by reading Financial Forecaster.
(E)Only those who will in fact become millionaires, or at least top managers, will read the advertisement.
A：D）
2. Contrary to the charges made by some of its opponents, the provisions of the new deficit-reduction law for indiscriminate cuts in the federal budget are justified. Opponents should remember that the New Deal pulled this country out of great economic troubles even though some of its programs were later found to be unconstitutional.
The opponents could effectively defend their position against the author’s strategy by pointing out that
(A)the expertise of those opposing the law is outstanding.
(B)the lack of justification for the new law does not imply that those who drew it up were either inept or immoral.
(C)the practical application of the new law will not entail indiscriminate budget cuts.
(D)economic troubles present at the time of the New Deal were equal in severity to those that have led to the present law
(E)the fact that certain flawed programs or laws have improved the economy does not prove that every such program can do so.
A：E）
3. Ross: The profitability of Company X, restored to private ownership five years ago, is clear evidence that businesses will always fare better under private than under public ownership.
Julia: Wrong. A close look at the records shows that X has been profitable since the appointment of a first-class manager, which happened while X was still in the public sector.
Which of the following best describes the weak point in Ross’s claim on which Julia’s response focuses?
(A)The evidence Ross cites comes from only a single observed case, that of Company X.
(B)The profitability of Company X might be only temporary.
(C)Ross’s statement leaves open the possibility that the cause he cites came after the effect he attributes to it.
(D)No mention is made of companies that are partly government owned and partly privately owned.
(E)No exact figures are given for the current profits of Company X.
A:C)
4. Advertiser: The revenue that newspapers and magazines earn by publishing advertisements allows publishers to keep the prices per copy of their publications much lower than would otherwise be possible. Therefore, consumers benefit economically from advertising.
Consumer: But who pays for the advertising that pays for low-priced newspapers and magazines? We consumers do, because advertisers pass along advertising costs to us through the higher prices they charge for their products.
Which of the following best describes how the consumer counters the advertiser’s argument?
(A)By alleging something that, if true, would weaken the plausibility of the advertiser’s conclusion.
(B)By questioning the truth of the purportedly factual statement on which the advertiser’s conclusion is based.
(C)By offering an interpretation of the advertiser’s opening statement that, if accurate, shows that there is an implicit contradiction in it.
(D)By pointing out that the advertiser’s point of view is biased.
(E)By arguing that the advertiser too narrowly restricts the discussion to the effects of advertising that are economic.
A:A)
5.Statement of a US copper mining company: Import quotas should be imposed on the less expensive copper mined outside the country to maintain price of copper in this country; otherwise, our companies will not be able to stay in business.
Response of a US copper wire manufacturer: US wire and cable manufacturers purchase about 70 percent of the copper mined in the US. If the copper prices we pay are not at the international level, our sales will drop, and then the demand for US copper will go down.
If the factual information presented by both companies is accurate, the best assessment of the logical relationship between the two arguments is that the wire manufacturer’s argument.
(A)is self-serving and irrelevant to the proposal of the mining company
(B)is circular, presupposing what it seeks to prove about the proposal of the mining company
(C)shows that the proposal of the mining company would have a negative effect on the mining company’s own business
(D)fails to give reason why the proposal if the mining company should not be put into effect to alleviate the concern of the mining company for staying in business
(E)establishes that even the mining company’s business will prosper if the mining company’s proposal is rejected
A:C) 1. Nearly one in three subscribers to Financial Forecaster is a millionaire, and over half are in top management. Shouldn’t you subscribe to Financial Forecaster now?
Financial Forecaster的每三個訂戶中，幾乎就有一個是百萬富翁，並有超過半數的人位于頂級管理層。您現在難道還不應該立即訂閲Financial Forecaster嗎？
A reader who is neither a millionaire nor in top management would be most likely to act in accordance with the advertisement’s suggestion if he or she drew which of the following questionable conclusions invited by the advertisement?
一個讀者，如果他不是百萬富翁，也不是位于頂級管理層的話，假如可以得出下列那一條由廣告提起的可疑的結論，就極有可能遵從廣告中的建議（成爲訂戶）？
(A)Among finance-related periodical, Financial Forecaster provides the most detailed financial information.
在與金融相關的期刊中，Financial Forecaster提供了最相近的金融信息。
這一點廣告中並沒有提及。
(B)Top managers cannot do their jobs properly without reading Financial Forecaster.
頂尖經理人如果不閲讀Financial Forecaster就不能正常開展工作。
這一點廣告中也沒有提及。
(C)The advertisement is placed where those who will be likely to read it are millionaires.
廣告定位於百萬富翁讀者。
這一點並不能激起讀者的購買欲，因爲他是希望成爲百萬富翁或頂級經理人，廣告的讀者定位對他沒有什麽幫助。
(D)The subscribers mentioned were helped to become millionaires or join top management by reading Financial Forecaster.
文中所提及的訂戶，閲讀Financial Forecaster幫助他們成爲了百萬富翁或進入頂級管理層。
顯而易見，這一點是最吸引讀者之處，如果你得出了這樣的結論（姑且不論是否可信），你是不是也會趕快去定一份Financial Forecaster呢？
(E)Only those who will in fact become millionaires, or at least top managers, will read the advertisement.
只有那些實際上會成爲百萬富翁，至少也是頂級經理人的讀者才會閲讀此廣告。
很顯然，這個答案與C相似，是廣告的讀者定位問題。
A：D）
2. Contrary to the charges made by some of its opponents, the provisions of the new deficit-reduction law for indiscriminate cuts in the federal budget are justified. Opponents should remember that the New Deal pulled this country out of great economic troubles even though some of its programs were later found to be unconstitutional.
與反對者的指責相反，為執行縮減聯邦預算的赤字縮減新法規定已經被證明是正確的。反對者應該記住，即使一些程序後來被發現是違反憲法的，新法還是可以使國家走出巨大的經濟危機。
The opponents could effectively defend their position against the author’s strategy by pointing out that
反對者可以通過指出下面哪條來用自己的立場反駁作者的策略：
(A)the expertise of those opposing the law is outstanding.
反對法律的那些專家意見是傑出的
文中並沒有提及有關反對者意見的細節，所以也不能證明反對者的意見有多正確
(B)the lack of justification for the new law does not imply that those who drew it up were either inept or immoral.
新法缺乏證明並不意味著那些提出新法的人就是不稱職或不道德的。
這個答案是在支持作者的觀點，而非反對者。
(C)the practical application of the new law will not entail indiscriminate budget cuts.
新法的實施並不會帶來預算的縮減。
這一論點缺乏有力的證據支持，反對者並沒有實際數據表明新法不能夠縮減預算。
(D)economic troubles present at the time of the New Deal were equal in severity to those that have led to the present law
新法時代所存在的經濟危機與以前導致現行法律的危機嚴重性相同。
既然過去的經濟危機都是靠修改法律解除的，那麽現在推行新法也顯得勢在必行。這個答案也是在支持作者的觀點。
(E)the fact that certain flawed programs or laws have improved the economy does not prove that every such program can do so.
一些程序或法令改善了經濟的事實並不能證明每個程序都可以起到這樣的作用。
這個答案才能很好地支持反對者的立場，因爲過去雖然有成功的例子表明修改法律可以挽救經濟，但沒有人可以證明這種做法每次都能起作用。因此修改法律的做法很可能是在冒險。
A：E）
3. Ross: The profitability of Company X, restored to private ownership five years ago, is clear evidence that businesses will always fare better under private than under public ownership.
Ross: X公司（5年前恢復到私有制）的利潤清楚地表明，商業在私有制之下比在公有制之下運作得更好。
Julia: Wrong. A close look at the records shows that X has been profitable since the appointment of a first-class manager, which happened while X was still in the public sector.
Julia: 錯誤。最近對一項紀錄的研究表明，X公司在委任第一級經理後就已經開始贏利了，那時該公司還是公有制體系。
Which of the following best describes the weak point in Ross’s claim on which Julia’s response focuses?
下列那條可以通過Julia的回答最明顯地描述Ross觀點的不足？
(A)The evidence Ross cites comes from only a single observed case, that of Company X.
Ross提出的證據僅來自X公司的一個單一的觀察事例。
商業中最重視利潤，Ross能拿出利潤做證據已經很足夠了。所以，不足之處並不在於此。
(B)The profitability of Company X might be only temporary.
X公司的利潤可能只是暫時的。
根據Julia說，X公司自。。。就開始盈利，可見這一公司盈利已有較長時間，而不是暫時的。
(C)Ross’s statement leaves open the possibility that the cause he cites came after the effect he attributes to it.
Ross的論述也表明了這種可能性：他提出的原因（公有制—）私有制）是在有結果（盈利）後才產生的。（而不是原因導致結果）
從Julia的話中可以看到這一點，公有制—〉私有制之前公司已經開始盈利。因此此答案是正確的。
(D)No mention is made of companies that are partly government owned and partly privately owned.
沒有提及那些部分由政府所有、部分由個人所有的公司。
這一點Julia的對話中根本沒有提及。
(E)No exact figures are given for the current profits of Company X.
沒有X公司現行利潤的確切數字。
這一點並不能作爲反駁Ross的論據，因爲事實上X公司是在盈利而且運作地很好的。而且Julia也間接證明了這一點。
A:C)
4. Advertiser: The revenue that newspapers and magazines earn by publishing advertisements allows publishers to keep the prices per copy of their publications much lower than would otherwise be possible. Therefore, consumers benefit economically from advertising.
廣告商：報紙和雜誌通過發行廣告所得收入使得發行者可以保持發行價在一個比通過採用其他方式都低很多的價格上。因此，消費者是從廣告中得益。
Consumer: But who pays for the advertising that pays for low-priced newspapers and magazines? We consumers do, because advertisers pass along advertising costs to us through the higher prices they charge for their products.
消費者：但是誰來付錢給（那些付錢給低價格的報紙和雜誌的）廣告呢？是我們消費者，因爲廣告商通過他們的高價商品將廣告費用轉移給我們了。
Which of the following best describes how the consumer counters the advertiser’s argument?
下列哪一條可以最好地描述消費者反對廣告商觀點的論點？
(A)By alleging something that, if true, would weaken the plausibility of the advertiser’s conclusion.
通過斷言一些事情，如果（斷言）是真實的，就會削弱廣告商結論的有理性。
這一題我用的是排除法，只有這個答案比較正確
消費者假設：廣告商的論點是正確的，即：他們付錢給報紙和雜誌降低發行價，從而讓消費者得益。但是這樣一來，廣告商就必須有收入，他們的收入從哪裏來呢？其實還是從消費者（消費者付高價購買商品）那裏來的。這樣推理的話，最終埋單的還是消費者，廣告商其實已經將廣告費用轉移給消費者了。
(B)By questioning the truth of the purportedly factual statement on which the advertiser’s conclusion is based.
通過質疑廣告商結論所基於的據稱是事實的根據的真實性。
消費者並沒有提出一些事實來反對廣告商的闡述，因爲報紙和雜誌的確是因爲發行了廣告才能夠保持發行低價。
(C)By offering an interpretation of the advertiser’s opening statement that, if accurate, shows that there is an implicit contradiction in it.
通過對廣告商的觀點解釋，如果正確，就表明其中有矛盾。
廣告商的觀點本身並沒有矛盾，因爲低價—〉受益是正確的邏輯關係。但是，問題是廣告商的收入還是從消費者身上得來的，所以歸根結底還是消費者吃虧。
(D)By pointing out that the advertiser’s point of view is biased.
指出廣告商的觀點是偏倚的。
這一點消費者也不能證明，因爲他並沒有拿出很多數據來表明廣告商的觀點有偏倚。
(E)By arguing that the advertiser too narrowly restricts the discussion to the effects of advertising that are economic.
通過表明廣告商對於廣告有經濟作用的觀點太狹窄了來反駁
同上。
A:A)
5.Statement of a US copper mining company: Import quotas should be imposed on the less expensive copper mined outside the country to maintain price of copper in this country; otherwise, our companies will not be able to stay in business.
一家美國銅礦公司的觀點：從國外進口便宜的銅礦應該加上進口配額，這樣才可以維持國内銅礦的（正常）價格。否則，我們公司就不能繼續運作了。
Response of a US copper wire manufacturer: US wire and cable manufacturers purchase about 70 percent of the copper mined in the US. If the copper prices we pay are not at the international level, our sales will drop, and then the demand for US copper will go down.
一家美國銅線製造廠商的回應：美國的銅線和電纜製造廠商每年在國内採購大約70%的銅礦。如果我們購買的價格不能維持在國際水平，我們的銷售量就會下降，從而引起美國的銅礦需求下降。
If the factual information presented by both companies is accurate, the best assessment of the logical relationship between the two arguments is that the wire manufacturer’s argument.
如果兩個公司的論點都正確，那麽可以最好解釋兩個觀點之間的邏輯關係的評論是：銅線製造廠商的觀點。。。
(A)is self-serving and irrelevant to the proposal of the mining company
是自給自足的，與銅礦公司的提議不相關的
文中已經提到，銅線製造廠商和電纜製造廠商需要每年在國内採購大約70%的銅礦。這當然與銅礦公司息息相關。
(B)is circular, presupposing what it seeks to prove about the proposal of the mining company
是循環的，預示著它想要證明銅礦公司的提議。
也不應該是這種觀點，因爲銅線製造廠商實際上與銅礦公司是有一定分歧的。銅礦公司想要保持高價，但銅線公司反對。
(C)shows that the proposal of the mining company would have a negative effect on the mining company’s own business
表明了銅礦公司的提議其實會對它本身的商業帶來一定負面影響。
這個是正確答案，因爲銅線公司是大規模買方，如果銅礦的價格應銅礦公司的要求上漲了，那麽買方的需求就會因銷量下降而大幅下降，最終導致整個市場對銅礦的需求下降。因此，最終也會影響到銅礦公司的運作。
(D)fails to give reason why the proposal if the mining company should not be put into effect alleviate the concern of the mining company for staying in business
不能解釋爲什麽如果不通過銅礦公司的提議會減輕銅礦公司今後的商業運作利害關係
這個答案我翻譯起來感覺很奇怪，fernandochang 你是不是把句子抄錯了
“不能解釋”這個詞表明這個答案是錯誤的
(E)establishes that even the mining company’s business will prosper if the mining company’s proposal is rejected
表明了即使銅礦公司的提議被否決，他們的商業還是會繼續成功運作下去
銅線製造商並沒有指出這一點。他只是指出如果採纳了銅礦公司的意見，那麽銅礦公司的商業也會受到一定負面影響。
A:C) winnie123456 ，great!! 你好，谢谢你的文章。
不知道你有没有兴趣在寄托做版主呢？
有的话..给我一个留言呢。
谢谢。 啊，真是好人内！！
3x
惊呆!!~~:)great!!强烈邀请这样的斑竹.:) 真强~~牛人啊~~强烈邀请！
謝謝大家擡舉
不幸的是，本人還要工作，還要學習沒有足夠的時間啊
還是另請高明吧，謝謝 what a pity ~~~~~
anyway , come here when you are free
need your help a lot 牛人啊。。。 thank you anyway!
your work is much appreciated!:)
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