问一道新G的argument 2
The following appeared as part of a letter to the editor of a scientific journal."A recent study of eighteen rhesus monkeys provides clues as to the effects of birth order on an
individual's levels of stimulation. The study showed that in stimulating situations (such as an
encounter with an unfamiliar monkey), firstborn infant monkeys produce up to twice as much of the
hormone cortisol, which primes the body for increased activity levels, as do their younger siblings.
Firstborn humans also produce relatively high levels of cortisol in stimulating situations (such as the
return of a parent after an absence). The study also found that during pregnancy, first-time mother
monkeys had higher levels of cortisol than did those who had had several offspring."
Write a response in which you discuss one or more alternative explanations that could rival the
proposed explanation and explain how your explanation(s) can plausibly account for the facts
presented in the argument.
其他的argument 可以看出明显的问题，结论啥的。。。这篇非常茫然~有米有谁有思路的？
在老题库里找了一下米有找到和这道题类似的。 我当时觉得实验对照组设置得有问题，还有实验的样本数太少。
由动物到人的推理显得仓促，最后的实验与论点没有关系。 仅供参考，希望大家可以谈谈各自的看法。 占位。。 我来了哈哈哈
A recent study of eighteen rhesus monkeys provides clues as to the effects of birth order on an
individual's levels of stimulation.
是结论：birth order对individual's levels of stimulation有影响。注意信号词是provides clues
evidence1:The study showed that in stimulating situations (such as an
encounter with an unfamiliar monkey), firstborn infant monkeys produce up to twice as much of the hormone cortisol, which primes the body for increased activity levels, as do their younger siblings.
证据1：18个猴子的试验，先出生的猴子在 stimulating situations (such as an
encounter with an unfamiliar monkey)环境下分泌两倍的皮质醇，这种醇使身体处于更活跃的状态。
evidence2:The study also found that during pregnancy, first-time mother
monkeys had higher levels of cortisol than did those who had had several offspring."
证据2就不翻译了，显然作者认为firstborn猴子的醇来自第一次怀孕的母猴子。
evidence3: Firstborn humans also produce relatively high levels of cortisol in stimulating situations (such as the return of a parent after an absence).
证据3：firstborn human在刺激环境中也会有相对高的皮质醇分泌。
所以攻击结论是：Firstborn和个体的刺激程度没有必然关系。
0 皮质醇能够代表individual's levels of stimulation吗？ prime the body for increased activity level的因素未必只有一种。即使皮质醇能够代表individual's levels of stimulation，
1 study猴子数目太少，研究样本不够大，同时
firstborn infant monkey不能代表firstborn monkey；猴妈的皮质醇高未必传给新出生的小猴子；猴妈的皮质醇分泌增高原因是什么？
2 对人类来说其他因素解释firstborn human皮质醇增高的原因。比如对于younger siblings，因为有older brothers/sisters陪伴所以家长不在也没那么激动，而firstborn child对家长依赖很高。在其他刺激环境下，firstborn child的皮质醇分泌未必相对较高。
欢迎讨论！！ 一头雾水，还是不怎么看的懂，yogurt4分析的东西，很有帮助，但我还是觉得有问题，没有信息说明“：猴妈的皮质醇高未必传给新出生的小猴子” 一头雾水，还是不怎么看的懂，yogurt4分析的东西，很有帮助，但我还是觉得有问题，没有信息说明“：猴妈的皮质醇高未必传给新出生的小猴子” 酸奶桑，难道要考新G，不会吧 建议LZ可以去看一下这个帖子：
https://bbs.gter.net/thread-1272162-1-1.html 5# yogurt4
The study also found that during pregnancy, first-time mother monkeys had higher levels of cortisol than did those who had had several offspring." 作者认为firstborn猴子的醇来自第一次怀孕的母猴子？？
同楼上。 没看出你分析的证据二是这个意思. 我觉得最重要两个问题 就是 样本数量太少 和 部分代替整体 谢谢酸奶的详细解答！暂时没有攻击点 我想了几点，说一下吧
1、首先人和猴子不能等同，猴子的例子并不能说明人的例子。
2、这里没有显示出生先后的顺序与各年龄段的个体受刺激的差异。头胎生的婴儿时期和成年时期的受刺激影响是否一样？
3、最后一个例子好像跟得出的观点没有太大关系，这里说的是第一次生育的母猴，而不是第一个出生的猴子。
4、cortisol 跟刺激的关系，受到刺激cortisol 量会升高，但是cortisol 量升高并不一定代表受到了刺激。假如猴子或人生病了，cortisol 会不会升高？假如人或猴子怀孕了，cortisol 量会不会升高？ :)
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