onionot 发表于 2011-12-14 21:56:18

关于一道issue范文的解读

本帖最后由 onionot 于 2011-12-14 22:05 编辑

最近在看issue北美范文有一篇there are two types of laws, and we should obey the just law and disobey the unjust laws。作者觉得观点too extreme...然后其中一段是
The second fundamental problem with the statement is that disobeying unjust laws often has the opposite affect of what was intended or hoped for.Most anyone would argue, for instance, that our federal system of income taxation is unfair in one respect or another. Yet theend
result of widespread disobedience,in this case tax evasion,is to perpetuate the system.Free-riders only compel the government to maintain tax rates at high levels in order to ensure adequate revenue for the various programs in its budget.
不太理解这一段中举的例子tax evasion和free-riders???烦请高人讲解一下这里面的逻辑啊...像什么里面的end result of 这里就很不明白


还有一段是Yet another fundamental problem with the statement is that by justifying a violation of one sort of law we find ourselves on a slippery slope toward sanctioning all types of illegal behavior,including
egregious criminal conduct.Returning to the abortion example mentioned above, aperson strongly opposed to the freedom-of-choice position might maintain
that the illegal blocking of access to an abortion clinic amounts tojustifiable disobedience. However,it is a precariously short leap from this sort of civil disobedience to physical confrontations with clinic workers, then to the infliction of property damage, then to the bombing of the clinic and potential murder.
这一段也不太理解啊???是说我们无法判定犯罪行为的轻重吗? 又举堕胎的例子说明了什么???这里面的逻辑还是不太明白...

watertcafe 发表于 2011-12-15 19:04:12

tax evasion,就是逃税
free-riders,指的是违法逃税者
这个例子的意思是,逃税者逃税【违反法律】的目的是反抗政府的高税率。但是他们这么做其实让政府将税率保持在了一个高水平,以此来保证足够的财政收入【在很多人都逃税的情况下,还要收这么多钱,当然提高税率了】
作者举这个例子的意思应该是,对于题目中隐含假设的反驳。
题目中的意思是,人们不遵守不公平的法律,就能迫使立法机构改进法律,将其变得更加公正合理。为了反驳这个意思,作者用了这个例子,即disobedience会起到事与愿违的效果。
end result就是最终结果的意思。

后面一段的意思就是,如果我们广泛认可disobedience unjust laws的行为,最终会演变成对许多违法犯罪行为的认可,这样会十分危险。比如,那些反对堕胎的人【be opposed to freedom-of-choice position,就是反对妇女根据自己的情况选择堕胎的人】可能觉得“非法阻止妇女去堕胎诊所”的行为是可以认可的,但是这可能演变成一些暴力行为,比如对堕胎诊所的医护人员的身体伤害,财产损失,诊所的爆炸和谋杀等。
这个例子很普遍。比如前几年,大家都觉得抵制日货很公道,值得认可,但是后来演变成了上街打砸抢烧,看到日本生产的产品就砸,造成的财产损失不可估量。

最后我想说,亲,这篇北美范文新东方有官方翻译的啊……

onionot 发表于 2011-12-15 21:50:40

2# watertcafe
谢谢我们亲爱的版主~分析之后豁然开朗!
另外我就是在置顶帖里面下载的新G issue北美范文,只有英文,没有解释和分析。另外里面还发现很多错误,比如给的topic和文章不对应,如果能够审核一下这些资料再上传分享相信会使更多地G友更好地受益的!

watertcafe 发表于 2011-12-15 22:36:29

3# onionot
呵呵,好的,我们会和作文版块的版主一起改进~

ChanChandler 发表于 2011-12-15 23:04:28

free-rider ”搭便车“···ETS范文好多例子感觉都好专业
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