【GRE作文互助组】moland的作业帖---issue提纲
本帖最后由 tsaoyu991 于 2012-8-6 20:49 编辑【13】Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student's field of study.
Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.
Instruction 3:要涉及与自己的观点相反的看法，从正反两面论证自己的观点和看法。
Main Point: Learn some course outside the student’s field is necessary but demand every students learn variety of outside courses may not suitable for a university.
1. Learning some course outside the student’s field of study may inspire them with technology and method that can be used to solve the problem in their own field.
2. But as for the students who have already shoulder heavy burden of their own course it was unreasonable for them to learn so many course and it may influence the teaching and learning quality of normal course.
3. We should provide plenty of courses for students are eager to learn something rather than their own subject while those courses cannot be compulsive. And the total time should be carefully limited in order to make student focus their own subject.
【142】Claim: Colleges and universities should specify all required courses and eliminate elective courses in order to provide clear guidance for students.
Reason: College students—like people in general—prefer to follow directions rather than make their own decisions.
Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based.
此类题目的外在特征是提出了某种蕴含了的因果关系，常见形式和主张考察因果关系的合理性。
Main assertion：Some college students like normal people are tend to follow the other but the method that expected to solve this problem is not suitable at all.
1. NOT all the college students prefer to follow other’s direction and specify all the courses is unfair for those who can manage their own study.
2. Elective courses in college are regulated by schools’ rule and there is some specific requirement for elective course, even students tend to follow the others they must obey these rules to select their own course.
3. 这项claim仅仅当学生们全部都没有自己的选择，而且作为elective course已经完全没有价值的时候才会对reason有效
【 24】The best way to teach is to praise positive actions and ignore negative ones.
Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.
INSTRUCTION 1
Main Assertion: Praise more often when teaching kids is good for their confident and development. While unconditionally praise may confuse students from right and wrong behaviors.
1. FOR little kids they need more praise to make progress and explore their new world for in a security way. (***人研究小的时候鼓励多，就会有更大成就)
2. BUT unconditionally praise for students would bring some problem in teaching and educating. If they need some advice for their incorrect behavior the ignorance make them unawareness of their wrong behavior.
3. As for adult students, like college students, they are mature enough to accept fair evaluation of them. ONLY in this way they can have better performance in the nearly future.(Honest advice, though unpleasant to the ear, benefits conduct)
【81】All parents should be required to volunteer time to their children's schools.
Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position.
Main Assertion: Spending time with kids is an important task for parents and scarify their time to the school in the best way to show the support to the school but we shouldn’t require all parents share volunteer time.
1. Spending time in kid’s school is necessary and parents who seldom pay a visit to school express their kids’ school better.
2. BUT for those 经常去学校的 it is necessary for them to do volunteer job 因为他们经常和学校接触并且在其中贡献出了很多时间
3. 对于那些very busy的家长总是要求他们come to school for volunteer job是不切实际，他们的工作会很忙。也许是很难抽出时间来配一下孩子：父母在Afghanistan 服役的，在wall street做分析员的等等
4. 对于孩子来说，天天置于家长存在的环境中不利于他们的成长。而且家长们叫着学费为学校提供各种资金来雇员，在让他们来为学校做贡献是unfair的。
【3】Educational institutions have a responsibility to dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed.
Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.
Main Assertion：It is nice for education institution to guide students for their best field 但是 dissuade就有点过度了应该多建议。
1. Education institution has develop a complex evaluation system to assess the performance of a student on the academic potential. And some subject like history of science has the elementary consensus of the best and worst fields for a student by lots studies.
2. 反驳：科学史仅仅是为科学发现提供了依据而非是唯一来源，如果能有这样一个合理选择科学家的学科那么我们按照这几条标准就可以寻找到最适合做研究的人才了。而不用费那么多周折
3. 但是 these method is only one way to provide information for students for further education. 并不能作为他们选择研究的唯一依据
4. 学生有选择自己的专业的自由和权利，他们的主观能动性subjective initiative才是科学发现等成就的源泉
【30】 Teachers' salaries should be based on their students' academic performance.
Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.
Main Assertion: bound relationship between teachers’ salaries may encourage them teach more excellent but due to the incomplete evaluating system teachers would tend to teach how to deal with exam rather than cultivate student for their own future.
1. 教师工资和学生的表现挂钩对于他们的表现可能有激励作用，但是并不是所有老师都认同这样做
2. The difference between student may lead teachers tend to teach in a better performance class, and those who really need help will have trouble.
3. 教师会没有时间和经历教授考察知识以外的东西，而academic 完全不能代表一个个体的优秀程度。这样做对于双方来说其实都是不利的。
【 48】 Educators should teach facts only after their students have studied the ideas, trends, and concepts that help explain those facts.
Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position.
Main Assertion: ideas, trends, and concepts 为学生理解facts提供了方便但是限定这些教育的方式和顺序反而会妨碍教学的进行。
1. 教授学生facts之前给予他们一点背景和基本概念是必要的，这样有助于他们对于观点有更好的认识
2. 但是要想在了解facts之前把这些ideas, trends, and concepts全部教授完并且让学生理解是不现实了。现代教学是抽象过去的知识体系，以精简的方式呈现出来，应该有详略之分。
3. 学生学习的目的是掌握并用fact而非是根据ideas, trends, and concepts从新再来做一次推演
4. ideas, trends, and concepts和facts的教学应该相辅相成，互相补充互为表里。
【4】Scandals are useful because they focus our attention on problems in ways that no speaker or reformer ever could.
Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.
1. 丑闻对于促进社会进步，揭露丑陋确实有作用。但是如果无限的放大丑闻，利用丑闻做文章就会对于事实产生不良影响。
2. 丑闻有的促进政府公开促进社会制度进步的作用，利用自己的影响力和社会关注获得了很多的成果。
3. 但是有一些别有用的人，利用丑闻为自己谋利。在丑闻的问题上放大丑闻的一个方面而使得公众被蒙蔽，从而忽略了最重要的部分。
4. 丑闻是监督，也需要监督。只有相互制衡才能使得丑闻起到正的影响力
【97】Colleges and universities should require their students to spend at least one semester studying in a foreign country.
Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.
1. 在外国学习对于增长视野，拓宽思路有很大作用。同样也可以锻炼一个人的成熟和自理的能力
2. 不过不是每个学生都适合在国外学习，他们可能本身就是从外国而来。可能更适合在实验室里实现自己的价值
3. 在国外学习会增加学生的负担，为学校管理增加困难等等
【15】Educational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study that will prepare them for lucrative careers.
Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.
这个问题也写过很多次了主要围绕一下方面：
1. 教育机构的建议在某些程度上是适用的，但是也不能够完全相信他们的说辞。
2. 对于学生而言学习的目标和意愿不同不能一概而论的采用同一种手段选择研究领域
3. 对于科学界或者整个社会来讲，研究那些本身不怎么赚钱的领域是很重要的。如果所有学生都按照这样的方式选择自己的学校那么到最后伤害到的将是更广泛人的利益。
【40】Claim: When planning courses, educators should take into account the interests and suggestions of their students.
Reason: Students are more motivated to learn when they are interested in what they are studying.
Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based.
1. 主动性的学习会创造更高的学习效率，为学生的未来发展提供更好的帮助。
2. 老师在照顾学生兴趣的同时多少会与教学目标发生冲突，而且每个学生的兴趣不一样难以在公共教育中完全按照学生的兴趣进行教学。
3. 门类齐全的现在专业分类已经为学生选择兴趣种类提供了便利，老师的课程设计是为了更高的效率和更加扎实的基础所设计的。
【43】The increasingly rapid pace of life today causes more problems than it solves.
Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.
1. 随着现代社会生活节奏的进步，解决某些问题确实变快了，很多以前难以实现的任务或者想法都可以得以解决。
2. 但是同时由于生活节奏的加快，新出现的问题也越来越多。如果解决问题的速度赶不上问题产生的速度，那么生活节奏的加快无疑就是一个社会问题
3. 问题的症结是如何定义快和慢，如何适应或者改变生活节奏以使得他变得更多，更长远的利益
【43】The increasingly rapid pace of life today causes more problems than it solves.
Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.
1. 随着现代社会生活节奏的进步，解决某些问题确实变快了，很多以前难以实现的任务或者想法都可以得以解决。
2. 但是同时由于生活节奏的加快，新出现的问题也越来越多。如果解决问题的速度赶不上问题产生的速度，那么生活节奏的加快无疑就是一个社会问题
3. 问题的症结是如何定义快和慢，如何适应或者改变生活节奏以使得他变得更多，更长远的利益
【45】
Competition for high grades seriously limits the quality of learning at all levels of education.
Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.
1. 过度的为了成绩而竞争影响了教育的整体质量，使得学生更加关注于课业成绩而忽视其他方面的发展
2. 但不同层次的教育领域对于高分的追求的意义是不一样的，在淘汰性，选拔性的课程教育中有这样一种追逐高分的想法是正常的。也确实能够提高学生的考试能力，从而为他们选择更高的教育层次奠定基础
3. 对于不已考试为最终考察手段的学习层次，那么情况就有所不同的。幼儿园，小学低年级并不适合通过追求分数来使得学生专注于学习。研究生，博士生，考试已经难以考核他们的正是学术能力。通过做研究等才是更好的方式
【37】
Society should identify those children who have special talents and provide training for them at an early age to develop their talents.
Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position.
1. 挑选天才儿童并且培育他们是有必要的，通过合理合适的培养他们能够取得常人难以取得的好成绩。比如莫扎特等等音乐家
2. 但是现有的手段和方式难以做到对每一个天才儿童都进行合适的培养，与其要求每个儿童接受这样的特别训练不如让他们按照常人的方式成长。
3. 儿童的意愿在年少的时候很大程度上收到父母的影响，他们的主观认定对于孩子的天赋和未来造成了很多影响。因此天才陨落的故事也很多
【54】In order to become well-rounded individuals, all college students should be required to take courses in which they read poetry, novels, mythology, and other types of imaginative literature.
Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position.
Main Assertion : College students who what be a well-rounded individuals that know many thing include literature. But the assertion that every students should read these genre of imaginative literature is not suitable.
1. Reading literature works is one way to enrich the students’ eyesight and in this way those who lack of knowledge of literature will benefit a lot.
2. But for those who have little time to read extra books the suggestion might be not suitable because they are busy with doing their own matters and it will takes much time to read those books.
3. Philosophical, historical, journalistic, and scientific writings are also literature only reading imaginative literature is not enough.
【129】College students should base their choice of a field of study on the availability of jobs in that field.
Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position.
老生常谈了，主要是：1.The prediction might not hold true in years later and those who judge the availability of the job conditions merely by nowadays condition might 失败
2. 让步 choose field with job opportunity is pragmatic for these students
3. 就业同样要看兴趣，interest and major have a unison is best
【20】Some people believe that college students should consider only their own talents and interests when choosing a field of study. Others believe that college students should base their choice of a field of study on the availability of jobs in that field.
Write a response in which you discuss which view more closely aligns with your own position and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should address both of the views presented.
兼顾两房的观点
观点一：Choose the field only by interest may cause their life stuck in a bad situation and their life could not be guarantee by their job and they need to do something to compensate their life.
观点二：Choose field only by the direction of job, they will work unwilling. And have little desire and passion in their job.
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