小狮子的作业贴---Issue提纲篇
73113 Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student's field of study. （已写）
E 个体与个体
Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.
1. Point
支持！
2. 个人方面
学习不同领域的知识可以增强修养、完善世界观，培养critical thinking，为以后的工作学习打好基础。Eg. Leonardo da Vinci是artist，同时也精通anatomy、Physics等；Steve Jobs
3. 学科方面
学习不同领域的知识可以推动学科发展：（1）interdisciplinary发展，eg Finance Engineering（2）单一学科发展也需要借用其他学科的成果，eg Math and computer science, art and policy, anthropology and history
4. 社会方面
因为社会需求才会推动学科发展和互相借用学习，也是因为个人和学科发展的更好才会推动社会发展。
5. 总结
存在反面情况，但是正面更占优势
24 The best way to teach is to praise positive actions and ignore negative ones.
F 统一与分歧
Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.
1. 反对！
不能忽视negative actions，对于其的忽视可能造成不同的后果，有时候比praise positive actions的影响更大。
2. negative actions的负面影响
如果忽视NA，可能会造成更恶劣的坏影响，使得positive actions的作用大大减小。Eg Drugs for teenagers, be addicted to internet games, thief. 如果不制止，不行！
3. negative actions的正面影响
人们把不符合大众认知（public recognitions）的行为定义为negative actions的话，一些distinctive but genius action可能被忽略. Eg Albert Einstein
4. 而且praise positive actions目的是让大家学习，有些是talent，学不来，只能徒增其他人的烦恼，给其他人压力
5. 总结
分歧不一定是坏的！
142 Claim: Colleges and universities should specify all required courses and eliminate elective courses in order to provide clear guidance for students.
Reason: College students—like people in general—prefer to follow directions rather than make their own decisions.
D 个体与整体
Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based.
1.
801
81 All parents should be required to volunteer time to their children's schools
E 个体与个体
Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position.
1. Point
同意。Volunteer time可以是在学校听课、与孩子劳动、参加活动很多形式。
2. 从学校的角度
通过要求家长volunteer time，可以使其了解学校的教学和学生的学习状况，有利于学校的管理。E.g. The Campus Day
3. 从家长角度
可以增进学生与家长之间的感情，共同做事会产生共同的话题，减轻代沟带来的负面影响。E.g. Crisis of adolescence
4. 从学生的角度
通过与从事各行业家长的沟通，学生可以了解社会动态，为将来学习和工作的方向打下基础。E.g. students can benefits very much from understanding and learning more about different kinds of career information coming from parents, which avoid the career confusion when they have to do some choices.
5. 总结
也许父母在学校里volunteer time 会给学生带来压力和交流，但是好处大于坏处！
30 Teachers' salaries should be based on their students' academic performance.
A 现在与将来 我觉得不该归此类
Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.
1. Point
不同意
2. 对学生而言
Based on each semester, 学生可最直接被评定的academic performance就是成绩，但是成绩不能完全判定学生的learning effect. Eg 考试没考好，但是对这个field很有兴趣和想法，参与科研。
3. 对老师而言
考试成绩可能和老师出题难度、课程难度有关。如果salaries跟成绩有直接关系，老师可能会为了提高成绩而降低考试和教学的难度，从而影响学生的学习。Eg Quantum Physics。
4. 对学校和社会
学生不真正学习，老师不做学问，不利于学校的发展和社会的进步。学校应该是the platform of communication and learning without interrupting by others.
5. 总结
有些科目可能会成为职业，如computer science，也许考试作为一个way of judgement是可以的，但是也有课程是不能靠成绩评定（Business）或者是为了提高修养的（Art history）。
3 Educational institutions have a responsibility to dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed. （已写）
C 现实与理想
Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.
1. Point
不同意，文章把讨论范围限定在Educational institutions 有责任帮助学生达到自己领域内的成功。即，如果能成功，就应该帮助追寻。
2. 成功被理解成the improvement of individual capability
那么学习不同的学科可以丰富知识、做本专业研究的基础等，EI就没理由阻止。Eg Leonardo Da Vinci, 个人+普遍意义的成功
3. 成功被理解成achieve self-worth 和challenge oneself
那么pursue other fields 是应该被鼓励的。Eg Oscar Pistorius
4. 成功被理解成对于社会体系的贡献
那么学习那些也许没天赋，但是有兴趣的科目也是不应该被限制的。Eg Wikipedia
5. 总结
阻止有很多理由，没天赋、不好找工作、在别人眼里没意义，但是不能取得一般意义上的成功就不代表不能做，况且成功也有很多种定义。
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