熊妹妹 发表于 2003-10-11 10:00:32

谈写作方法

今天和学校的writing consultant谈了些关于写作的手法。 我写出来当是给自己的一个复习,也给大家一些参考的意见。
写issue : 今天早上我写的文章是用了free writng style也即一个人坐在电脑前, 手不离键盘的打你所能涌上的关于你所要argue 的issue. 当然你在看到题目之前肯定要先想上你要写的内容。
我的方法被我的consultant 否定,虽然在45 分钟之内我写了550字左右,里面当然有很多很好的idea,这是free writing 的好处,因为你不用顾忌文法上的错误很用词等,如果你在写时顾忌这些思路是很容易被打断的。 但是,45分钟的free writing 给我带来的后果是我几乎没有剩下时间来revise 我的first draft. 所以里面肯定有严重的grammar mistake, 可以大度上的影响得分。free writing 在平时用是很有效的,因为你有充足的时间可以re-edit. 但是在45分钟内要写的内容,这根本就是考你的strategy. 所以建议大家写作时一定要卡时间。
写ETS的作文,我们要记住的是一定要简洁明了。 每一句话都要有很重的份量, 都要表达与thesis 相关的内容。无关轻重的话写了等于没写,甚至可以使你离题。还有一点我的writng consultant 认为很重要的是,在写issue topic时我们可以用experience来support 自己的argument, 我们的personal experience 是别人不可以denied 的, 所以如果写时你对历史事情或者科技方面的内容不是很sure, 那么请用你的personal experience 来support 你的argument!

熊妹妹 发表于 2003-10-11 10:25:11

谈写作方法续

如果大家像我一样没有很多的时间来复习写作。working on writing 的style, 要比试着在最后时间内克服grammar 重要很多。我们都是ESL student, 很多小的mistake 要用比较长的时间才能更正过来。比如一些定冠词的用法,还有选词之类等。对于这些小的东西,我想grader 可能更注重overall structure and support material. 我今天的writng consultant 是columbia unversity writing 系的,她也改过很多的如ETS之类的paper. 她给我的建议也是用比较safe 的方法来写。 因为写一个人改那么多的文章,她当然想看你的写作right to the point. 她建议我用brainstorm, 或者可以用free writng 和brainstorm 结合等等,当然这个process 我是要自己去发现适合我的最好的方法,最重要的是一定要给自己余下时间来重新看一遍和修改。
还有她说这两种题,issue 和critique 的thesis 是非常容易come up with 的。 写时确定你的thesis , 紧绕你的thesis. Critique 的thesis,主要是攻击statement.(当然不是泼妇骂街行的). 比如:The statement seems to be plausible on a surface( on a superficially level), but by taking a closer examination, one can easily find logic flauts in it.
Conclusion 也可以是比较容易的,比如:  Since the premise provided doesn't support the conclusion, the argument is not valid. (It is not a logically sound statement, moreover, the speaker constantly contridicate himself by making equivocal claims. )

熊妹妹 发表于 2003-10-11 10:47:15

补充(如果斑竹可以把三个归在一起:))

自己补充一下。 写argument 这种文章的theise, 用refutation 这个skill 挺有用的。这也是我在课上学的,theise 开始时你可以写 I understand.( agree with,  sympathize....), but.....(引出你的观点)写作时可以考虑你的opp哦nent's point , 这种写法容易让对方,持和你不同观点的人容易接受你,说明你是一个open-minded ,considerable individual. 还有在肯定对方的份上,给出你的理由否定他,这时你的观点更为强壮有力。 这个方法不仅在theis 可以用到, 在body 中也是非常可用的。这也是所谓的让步吧,如:there's no doubt(it is true ) that....However, I think......

熊妹妹 发表于 2003-10-11 11:18:53

free writng and brainstorm

书里抄的, 挺管用的。
Writing is a process that breaks down into roughly three stages-creating, shaping, and correcting. A common error students make is to focus their energy on what should be the last stage (correcting) at the beginning, when the focus should be on the creative stage of the writing process. The effect of this misplaced attention is to inhibit creative thinking.

To brainstorm, simply put the topic of the writng assighnment at the top of a blank piece of paper on your screen. The jot down words or phrases that come to mind as you think about this topic--as many words as possible even if you are not sure they relate directly to the topic. Freewriting may offer surprising access to ideas you never knew you had.


In free writing, you begin by writing your topic on a blank sheet, but instead of jotting down words and phrases, you write continuously, using sentences. These sentences do not have to be mechanically correct, nor do they have to be connected. The only rule of free writing is that you may not stop writing; you may not put down your pen or leave the keyboard for a set length of time.
Both of these methods have two things in common. They are relatively painless ways to begin the writng process, and they allow you to circumvent your own worst enemy, self-criticism, the voice that says, "that's not right,'' "That's not what i mean," "this doesn't make sense." Critical evaluation of your writing is necessary but inappropriate and self-denying if you are critical at the beginning.

himeki 发表于 2003-10-11 18:00:05

问问关于personal experience的问题
上中学写议论文的时候
老师总是强调不要举“我曾经。。。。。。”的例子,没有说服力,要名人的,名事的
是西方人和东方人的观念不一样吗?

et1985 发表于 2003-10-11 18:24:41

但是太多的grammer mistakes 会让别人看不懂what are you talking about?

熊妹妹 发表于 2003-10-11 21:30:07

你看看ETSissue 上说的use ....to support ...., 里面肯定有your experience
我想这一点是很明了的, 只要你的experience 是可以充分的支持你要证明的观点, 你have made your case.  我不知道东西方之间的区别, 可是我觉得写作用personal experience 可以一样的persuasive. 不要把时间花在背名人名事上吧,如果时间不够,只管多练写作。
还有,我指的grammar mistake,是指error. 如定冠词和一些词的意思用法。 在写作时你不要范致命的错误,如:用逗号隔开两个完整的句子,还有你的时态动词上用法经常的错误。如果别人看不懂what are you talking about, then I'm sorry you can't be helped. Try hard to improve your writing so others will at least know what you trying to say.

熊妹妹 发表于 2003-10-11 23:52:28

改正一些错误

"The statement seems to be plausible on a surface( on a superficially level), but by taking a closer examination, one can easily find logic flauts in it. "
"superficial level" not "superficially level"
"logical flaws" not "logic flauts"
It is not a logically sound statement;(注意这里的分号用法,不然就是严重的comma splice)moreover, the speaker constantly contridicate himself by making equivocal claims

imong 发表于 2003-10-13 17:52:04

不错的总结。值得引起注意的是ETS的官方说明,“考察对象是the reasoning ability aquired over a long period of time”,所以我觉得,有些时候我们写作的风格上边不妨放开一些。

angeikim 发表于 2003-10-14 02:12:34

哈,熊妹妹到这里来了/欢迎~~

多来点类似的精品文章吧。:D

egg2000 发表于 2003-10-15 12:05:22

up

我也来支持一下~

fc827 发表于 2003-10-16 20:47:42

不错, 呵呵, 顶

Eileen331 发表于 2003-10-26 10:38:51

非常感谢楼主的分享,只有问题:在举例子的问题上,我记得新东方的老师再三强调不要用个人或身边的例子,因为不足够具有说服力。最好多用美国人熟知领域的例子。
偶现在有点困惑,不知道到底我们身边或国内很有名但不为ets熟知的例子,是不是有说服力呢?
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