【Issue求定位，愿意回报互评】
虽然这是修改过后的issue，但也很想知道到底可以拿到几分{:1_1:} ，预先谢谢停留的坛友们！Achievements done can always inspire the next generation, and promote further hard work. Significant as previous achievements as stated by the speakers are, they’re not everything. Past achievements do play an important role, but nor is it a sufficient role, or a necessary one.
There’s no denying that what the speaker state does make up a universal rule in colleges and universities. Typical method of training a PhD for academic research, for any research institution, is first teaching him how to read papers written by scholars before. Only by this can a graduate holistically and precisely know what has already been figured out and what remains question and needs to be discussed further. Another function of past achievements is to let the younger generation learn and model them to make great work.
Deep understanding of former great studies are required, especially in knowledge exploration, but ultimately it is the value it creates that determines whether your job ultimate meanings. Not just for academy, but for all kinds of professions, there is always a piece of land that no one has stepped into before. With no past achievements to follow, with no seniors to imitate, the only chance of you is to work hard to generate a new idea. Watt used to do that, Edison used to do that, and Bill Gates used to do that—these three great man all opened up their new road, by which they make people in their era possible to benefit from steam engines, electric lights, and personal computers. Besides, what should be cleared up is that different industries and disciplines do not set walls between each other. Getting inspiration from other fields is fruitful; as well it is the reason why human’s intelligence is multiplying rather than simple adding. Thus, limiting contributions influenced by single field is definitely irrational.
While the key of academy is to accumulate knowledge, as it would be more efficient and effective if the same road has been searched before, such principles do not apply to all activities. Progress from generation to generation is not just promoted by words and sentences either written in literatures or said by the elderlies. Long before finding a standard method of passing on men’s thinking, we have already been making inventions and innovations rapidly through their daily. Look back to the ancient, developments take place as the saying goes “practice makes perfect”. Swearing day and night in the farmland has made cultivators clearly aware of the disadvantages of existing agriculture methods. A desire for improvement calls for transformation, and one day, cattle substitute for humans to plow the fields, then hundreds of years later, water take place of livestock as the farming engine. Dating back, with no explicit exogenous strengthen driven and modern science instructing, ordinary workers in had unbelievably come up with beautiful techniques of producing silks. Similarly, the Four Great Inventions in ancient China, all come out due to people’s experiences and practice plus their courage to break through. Explosive values can be made beyond the effect of former achievements.
Long over the history river, colorful but also diversified, even distinguished from each other, are the ways human beings make contributions to civilization. Significant contributions happen when all special conditions settle at that very moment, sometimes previous works make sense while sometimes not. Positive influence of formal studies can be beneficial, but not the only determinant.
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