issue 48 teach facts after studying related ideas, trends and concepts
本帖来自"14年秋季GRE提纲+全文互改小组"，欢迎关注！你还可以查看更多小组、创建小组48) Educators should teach facts only after their students have studied the ideas, trends, and concepts that help explain those facts.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position.
参考提纲
本帖最后由 tesolchina 于 2014-12-15 21:58 编辑48) Educators should teach facts only after their students have studied the ideas, trends, and concepts that help explain those facts.
Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position.
这道题可以和issue 92呼应
参考提纲已涂白 欢迎自己独立列提纲后参考
仍然按照不同阶段的学生来讨论
小学生学习算数 只需要知道1+1=2 不必知道为什么 要证明需要set theory
http://tachyos.org/godel/1+1=2.html
中学生学拼写、人单词不必知道单词背后的渊源
比如history 为什么是his story而不是herstory 背后的性别问题显然不是中学生有能力理解的
大学生有能力也有需要了解相关概念、趋势
这种教学有利于记忆也能引起学生兴趣
例子再想想
本帖最后由 lisa_C 于 2014-12-22 13:07 编辑
讨论MEMO
48) Educators should teach facts only after their students have studied the ideas, trends, and concepts that help explain those facts.
Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position.
Lisa’s
Thesis Sentence: The way of teaching should various in different stages of education. While teaching only after students preview related learning materials may be a good way in college and university education, it is too early to implement in basic education where students are callow in learning and not an efficient way of communication to inspire creative ideas between teachers and students in postgraduate program.
TS1: In basic education, students’ ability to learn by themselves is still forming and their knowledge are mainly delivered by teachers. In this process, teachers play an important role to guide them to learn in right direction and letting students preview learning materials are not encouraged.
（在基础教育中，老师的角色体现在帮助学生掌握基础知识，养成学习能力，引导学生正确学习并对学习材料适当把关。小学生几乎没有自学能力，让他们自己去学习他们也不懂甚至他们都不知道该从哪找学习资料。在中学的叛逆阶段，如果老师在教学之前任由学生去找资料学习，他们可能会看一些不合适的资料，譬如暴力电影和漫画。）
TS2: In college and university education, however, one important goal of this stage education is to encourage students to establish the ability of self-learning and independent thinking. Then it is reasonable to require college and university students to read related materials before class.
（在高等教育中，目标是培养自主学习和思考能力，应当在教之前要求学生学习相关材料）
TS3: In postgraduate education on which stage main goal is to have innovative work and make significant contribution in studied field, the way of teaching should be flexible. It is better for teachers to have discussion with students from time to time, and definitely both the teacher and the students will benefit a lot from brainstorming.
（博士教育。研究一般是小组出成果，学生一般也参与其中带来idea）
原题纲问题:
前两个点没有问题，第三个点有偏题的风险，尽量不要提出除否认和赞同之外的第三个个不相关观点。
第三个可以修改成should not teach的观点，这样是原题设的完全否定
基础教育先教facts
感悟:
1.怎么样的具体的例子在论证过程中也非常重要
Spelling pronunciation
Meaning of word
如History
为什么是his story不是her story
历史是一个男性的故事，这个词背后有它的性别倾向，这些并不需要跟小学生讲
只需要小学生知道1+1＝2，但是不需要解释为什么，不然需要一些高深的数学知识譬如极的概念
2.怎么样保证分论点和原题claim紧密结合在一起，保证不会偏题
题纲参见王老师留白
本帖最后由 tesolchina 于 2014-12-22 22:46 编辑
48) Educators should teach facts only after their students have studied the ideas, trends, and concepts that help explain those facts.
Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position.
任何时候都要抄题 因为题目要反复看 确保不走题
请老师点评以下提纲，谢谢！
TS (pt1, pt2, pt3): Some claim that the students should know the ideas, trends and concepts before they learn the relevant fact. Advocates of this point of view may believe that human beings can most efficaciously obtain and understand these facts based on the previous exposure to the background information. Yet within such a belief exists a flaw that is able to harm its validation – the proponents overlook the difference among varied levels of education and attempt to arrive at an “all-embracing” conclusion. In fact, a primary school student is not able to comprehend the abstract thoughts behind the fact, students in middle schools learn facts and related concepts simultaneously, and the credo expressed in the statement most suitably applies to the learner in tertiary education institutions.
如果是我会把这几个字删掉 within such a belief exists a flaw that is able to harm its validation –
你这是倒装吧 感觉太模板了 its指代不明
ts (pt1): In the first place, primary school teachers impart the most foundational facts to their students without explaining the background, which is efficient and effective. 小学生对这个世界没有基础认识，认识能力有限，因此老师将这世上一些常识传授给他们，为他们的未来学习打下基础。如果花时间和精力去给小孩子解释他们根本无法理解的复杂背景知识，无疑是一种浪费。比如，告诉他们地球是绕这太阳转的，不必太多提及天体运动规律。因此，在小学阶段，老师不必按照题目中观点行事。
这段ok
虽然这个例子我觉得不是特别有说服力 你还是可以强调天体运动规律就是你上句讲的复杂知识
ts (pt2): Notwithstanding, the students in middle schools have founded certain intellectual basis and fostered some cognitive capacity, and thus they can learn more complex knowledge which is combination of facts and the relevant ideas.中学生已经具备了一定的知识和认知能力，因此他们应该学习更复杂的知识，这种知识包括了事实和理论两个部分。例如，在化学试验课上，老师告诫学生移取钠要用镊子，用手直接去拿会致使手受损，并解释这是钠的强还原性所决定的。因而学生按背景知识办事，小心实验。在此阶段，题目所说的原理已经开始起作用了。
这个例子我觉得不太合适 因为实验操作规则当做fact 略嫌牵强
ts (pt3): What is more, the university students need to conduct advanced research in their respect fields, where the facts themselves are difficult to observe. Consequently, those learners must have solid theoretic accumulation and utilize it to gain the fact. 能进入大学的人，已经储备了足够多的知识，而且认识这个世界的能力极强，加上他们所研究领域里的前沿问题，需要他们运用已有的ideas, trends, and concepts去探索facts. 比如，CERN's Large Hadron Collider在2012年证实了The Higgs boson。而正是基于与The Higgs boson这个事实相关的过去的物理学知识，才会有François Englert and Peter Higgs 的the theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles，使许多大学参与验证The Higgs boson工作，最后才能揭示事实。所以在大学阶段的教学与研究实践，最为充分地体现了题目描述的情况。
这个例子也不好
48) Educators should teach facts only after their students have studied the ideas, trends, and concepts that help explain those facts.
你需要从teacher的角度来考虑这个问题
或许针对大学生可以提出 老师不用教fact了 应该让学生自己看书学fact 老师专注讲idea trend concepts 等等
因为学生自学能力比较强
这道题的难点是找到好的例子
学生已经按老师所说进行了一下修改，还请进一步点评，谢谢啦！:handshake
48. Educators should teach facts only after their students have studied the ideas, trends, and concepts that help explain those facts.
Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position.
TS (pt1, pt2, pt3): Some claim that the students should know the ideas, trends and concepts before they learn the relevant fact. Advocates of this point of view may believe that human beings can most efficaciously obtain and understand these facts based on the previous exposure to the background information. Yet the proponents overlook the difference among varied levels of education and attempt to arrive at an “all-embracing” conclusion. In fact, a primary school student is not able to comprehend the abstract thoughts behind the fact, students in middle schools learn facts and related concepts simultaneously, and the credo expressed in the statement most suitably applies to the learner in tertiary education institutions.
ts (pt1): In the first place, primary school teachers impart the most foundational facts to their students without explaining the background, which is efficient and effective. 小学生对这个世界没有基础认识，认识能力有限，因此老师将这世上一些常识传授给他们，为他们的未来学习打下基础。如果花时间和精力去给小孩子解释他们根本无法理解的复杂背景知识，无疑是一种浪费。比如，告诉他们地球是绕着太阳转的这一常识即可，不必将所有相关的ideas, trends and concepts全告诉小学生，否则从Aristotelian physics and Ptolemy’ Geocentric model 到Copernicus’ Heliocentric model, Tycho’s observations of stellar and planetary positions, Kepler's three laws of planetary motion再到太阳也不是宇宙的中心，它也围绕着银河系的中心旋转，小学生只会对这些他们无法理解的复杂背景知识听得一头雾水。因此，在小学阶段，老师不必按照题目中观点行事。
ts (pt2): Notwithstanding, the teacher in middle schools faces students who have founded certain intellectual basis and fostered some cognitive capacity, and thus she can teach them more complex knowledge which is combination of facts and the relevant ideas.中学生已经具备了一定的知识和认知能力，因此他们的老师应该传授更复杂的知识，这种知识包括了事实和理论两个部分。例如，在化学课上，老师既要告诉学生硫酸能腐蚀很多东西这个事实，又要告诉他们这是硫酸具有强氧化性决定的。在授课时，老师如果通过实验来演示硫酸强腐蚀性的事实，能让学生直观地掌握这项知识；而老师在理论上强调硫酸的强氧化性，能促使在学生在用硫酸做实验时小心谨慎，不让自己的衣物沾到硫酸，氧化退色，或是皮肤被其灼伤。在此阶段，题目所说的原理已经开始起作用了。
ts (pt3): What is more, the university professors and lecturers need to play illuminating roles on their educated and capable tutees’ process of acquiring advanced and complicated facts, which are difficult to be delivered, in respect fields. 大学老师所面对的学生，已经储备了足够多的知识，而且认识这个世界的能力很强，同时他们所面临的任务已经不是识记一些显而易见的facts了，而是要掌握和探索一些前沿的、极其复杂难懂的facts，因此大学老师得用他们所研究领域里的ideas, trends, and concepts，去启发自己的学生理解并探索前沿问题。比如，大学物理学专业的学生，物理知识扎实，推理能力强大，而大学量子物理课程中的facts既抽象又深奥，任课老师也许只有把所有相关的背景知识都向自己的学生解释一遍后，才能引领他们掌握一个该科目中的fact。所以在大学阶段的教学实践，最为充分地体现了题目描述的情况。
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