8月5日 关于如何想出三个靠谱的分论点
本帖最后由 tesolchina 于 2015-8-3 23:08 编辑今天讨论issue写作的核心问题，如何在拿到issue题目后想出三个靠谱的分论点。解决这个问题最直接的方法就是去看范文。 目前我的6分博客里有53篇issue范文。想拿高分的同学应该把这些文章全部看一遍，总结其中立论的方法。我这里先分析几篇。
1 As people rely more and more on technology to solve problems, the ability of humans to think for themselves will surely deteriorate.
Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.
There is no doubt that modern people have become increasingly dependent on advanced technologies to solve many problems in different fields. Whether or not our abilities to think independently would deteriorate over time depends on the specific roles we play in the modern society. For people who develop the technologies to solve problems, their abilities to think will be sharpened continuously as they have to refine the technologies to meet new demands of the end users. For people who participate in the policy making regarding the use of technologies, their thinking capabilities will also improve as they are forced to ponder on the fundamental problems related to technology and society. Nevertheless, the statement may hold true for those people who do not actively seek opportunities for critical and creative thinking in this technology-driven society.
这一篇的立论明显是将人进行分类。
2 To understand the most important characteristics of a society, one must study its major cities.
Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.
The most important characteritics of a society include its political system, economic structure and the public school system. To understand each of the aspects of the society, it is important to study its major cities as well as smaller towns and the rural areas because the political, economic and educational institutions differ greatly among major cities, small towns and rural areas.
这道题的难点在于社会的重要特征没有清晰界定，根本没法展开写。但这也为我们提供了发挥的空间。于是我将重要特征具体化为政治体制、经济结构和公立学校体系。通过具体化题目里的重要概念来形成一个立论的框架。
3) Educational institutions have a responsibility to dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.
I strongly agree that students should be discouraged from concentrating on a particular major if they do not have the academic preparation or talents to perform well in that area. Following the advice from the schools, students will focus on areas of studies that are more suitable for them and enjoy their school life better. Intervention of schools can also help address the problem of unemployment at societal level. With regard to the concern over the accuracy of prediction schools could make about students’ success, the academic staff could make assessment based on students’ past academic records and their results of different psychometric tests.
这道题的要求是回应可能的挑战。这类题虽然需要动脑筋想挑战及如何回应，但前面的分论点就只用写两个了。 这篇的立论没有分情况讨论，也没有界定关键概念，而是引入一些相关的概念或者价值观。因为这道题其实是属于“学校应该如何”的命题。学校应该怎样或者学校的责任是什么？这里学校的责任当然包括对学生的责任和对社会的责任。本文的基本前提是学校有责任让学生学习适合自己的内容及享受学习生活，也有责任减轻社会的失业问题。这些都是题目没有涉及的内容，但是却和主题success息息相关。很多同学面临的没有话说的问题，其中一个解决方案就是要联想到这些题目没有提到但是和题目的主题又关联紧密的概念。这就是我所说的干货。
再看这一题4 Scandals are useful because they focus our attention on problems in ways that no speaker or reformer ever could.
Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.
With the development of modern mass media, scandals are almost ubiquitous. Hardly can a day go by without some news reporting scandals involving high-profiles politicians, atheletes or movie stars. While it is true that scadals often attract public attention and may expose certain problems, I do not believe that they are useful in solving social problems as they often focus public attention on the wrong issues and can hardly maintain public attention for a sufficiently long time. After elaborating these two points, I will also address the argument that scandals can usefully create pressure for the government to introduce reforms.
这道题的论点是基于attention这个概念延伸的。题目说的是丑闻能以某种其他人无法做到的方式集中公众注意力到某些问题上去。这里题目的重点在于集中注意力的方式。那么我就指出这种注意力的聚集存在的两个问题，一个是公众的注意力的方向可能不对，一个是时间不够长。这些都是干货。最后反驳的部分我个人觉得也写得很出彩，有兴趣的同学可以看看。
5 Claim: Governments must ensure that their major cities receive the financial support they need in order to thrive.Reason: It is primarily in cities that a nation's cultural traditions are preserved and generated.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based.
Due to the development of modern technology, many people are concerned about how to preserve their nations’ cultural traditions and promote their national identities for the new generations who have been exposed to globalised culture with little local flavour. Since government resources are limited, it is argued that major cities should be the top priority for financial support because the cultural traditions are generated and preserved here. While I agree that major cities are important for preserving and generating cultural tradition, other areas are equally important in many countries. Since cultural programs in major cities can receive support from different financial sources such as advertising, donation of city residents and big corporations, government money should be invested to programs in small towns and rural regions where resources from private sectors are not available.
这道题里的干货主要是指出政府资助不是城市文化项目的唯一经费来源，还有来自私人基金会和游客门票等收入。
6. A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.
Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position.
To improve the quality of pre-college education, it is often proposed that all students should be required to study the same national curriculum. I agree that adopting the same curriculum for schools across the nation would be helpful for students and teachers from less developed regions to get more support and for universities around the nations to evaluate applicants more objectively. Nevertheless, we need to be careful of the danger of the national government to advance its own political agenda through this national curriculum.
这道题的关键是要考虑这个政策的好处和弊端在哪里，因此需要题目没有提及的概念作为干货。前两个分论点是从教育交流与资源共享的角度以及大学招生的角度来考虑。第三点是从政府对教育的意识形态控制这个角度考虑。
7 Some people believe that government funding of the arts is necessary to ensure that the arts can flourish and be available to all people. Others believe that government funding of the arts threatens the integrity of the arts.
Write a response in which you discuss which view more closely aligns with your own position and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should address both of the views presented.
Despite the industrialization of modern society, the arts and related activities are vital part of our daily life which provide important opportunities for entertainment, education and reflection. While I agree that government funding is necessary for arts to flourish and for ordinary people to enjoy arts, the concern that government funding may compromise the integrity of arts is a valid one. In my opinion, therefore, it is important for the government to sponsor arts indirectly through an independent committee as an antidote to potential threat of government funding to the integrity of arts.
在这里附上中间三段的主题句，方便大家了解本文的思路。As a threshold matter, government funding and sponsorship are essential to the development of arts. On the other hand, it is understandable to worry that the government's funding may threaten the integrity of arts and artists. Given the tension between the need of government support on the one hand and the threat of government funding to the integrity of arts on the other, I would argue that the best solution is to create an independent commission that distributes government funding in a politically neutral way.
这道题的两个观点-政府资助必要和政府资助威胁艺术创作的独立性，我分别在中间第一、第二段讨论。这两段结束的时候两个观点之间的矛盾并没有调解，反而更加突出。这也是为什么我不赞成所谓的正反合的写法，因为正反写完之后再想自圆其说是很困难的。但这道题是例外，因为中间第三段很巧妙的提出了一个折衷的解决方案。除非能有这么好的干货，一般不建议使用正反合。
这里介绍了7篇范文的立论思路。希望大家能从中体会到如何想出三个靠谱的分论点。今天的任务是结合自己练习的体验，谈一下哪一些立论的策略对自己比较有用以及可能遇到的问题。写完后可以附上一篇习作的链接。
本帖最后由 bairong 于 2015-8-5 00:13 编辑
（1）将人进行分类，这个比较习以为常，但也不一定能把人的分类和论点结合得很好。有一个疑问，人的分类肯定不构成全集，根据自己要写的东西分类行不行？比如，分成文学家（小说家）、科学家、技术人员，但通常感觉艺术家、科学家比较对应，这样分类行不行？
（2）回应挑战的比较难，看了老师说的知道了回应挑战这种题的写法，两个论点，一个挑战，难在挑战要写得逻辑连贯、有理有据。
（3）其他基本就是干货吧，干货就是干货啊，不是想有就能有:L多看多琢磨吧~
写得ISSUE4，习作请戳这里https://bbs.gter.net/forum.php?mod=redirect&goto=findpost&ptid=1863104&pid=1779774601&fromuid=3607808 bairong 发表于 2015-8-5 00:04 static/image/common/back.gif
（1）将人进行分类，这个比较习以为常，但也不一定能把人的分类和论点结合得很好。有一个疑问，人的分类肯定 ...
要做到全面确实不容易 但是分类的时候 不同类型要尽可能是互补的 比如经常思考的人和不经常思考的人
比如小学、中学和大学
回应挑战的题目大概有24道 可以全部准备一下
本帖最后由 dingchenchen 于 2015-8-5 16:11 编辑
我想说这三个分论点是不好找的。
（1）我觉得找分论点最重要是要找到那个可以分类的那个关键词。就像老师和同学们说的，通常是把人进行分类。
比如：
issue 91) The primary goal of technologicaladvancement should be to increase people's efficiency so that they have moreleisure time.这里就有people。这里面把人分成了这样三类：researchers, white-collars, elderly peple 。如果你同意这个观点，就要想提高效率如何增加这几类人的leisure time。
（2）但是有的时候虽然出现了people，但却不一定要对people进行分类，而需要对其他的关键词进行分类。
比如：
issue 78)People’s attitudes are determined moreby their immediate situation or surroundings than by society as a whole.
这里的立论是：社会更能影响人们的决定。社会如何影响，然后把society这个关键词分成了三类：education, mass media, government policy.
（3）还有的时候不是仅仅对关键词进行分类，而是对你立论的理由进行分类。
比如：
issue 13) Universities should require everystudent to take a variety of courses outside the student's field of study.
立论：同意观点。
分类：为什么同意？然后理由1,2，3……（就这样分为三类）
同样的还有：
issue 15) Educational institutions shouldactively encourage their students to choose fields of study that will preparethem for lucrative careers.
立论：反对。
分类：为什么反对？理由1,2,3……
自己写完感觉（1）（2）（3）点有重合的啊。。。。。
分类的切入点不好找，有时候不小心就会走偏了。多练应该 会好些吧。
练习 issue 122
https://bbs.gter.net/forum.php?mod=redirect&goto=findpost&ptid=1842009&pid=1779582089&fromuid=3602968
谢谢老师批改~
本帖最后由 Stfish的潜水钟 于 2015-8-5 18:36 编辑
（1）我感觉分情况讨论的方法启发了我打开找三个分论点的思路，就像高考作文写议论文一样，列举出三个并列的分类情况就能形成一片完整的结构，比我之前毫无规章地想分论点要高效得多，而且也更有逻辑了。
（2）但是我感觉不是每一道题都适合分情况讨论的，比如老师列出的issue3和issue5，可是很难区分什么样的题目适合分情况讨论，什么样的题目应该采用别的方法。
（3）有的时候我觉得只能列出两种情况，比如
issue12，Governments should offer a free university education to any student who has been admitted to a university but who cannot afford the tuition.
我觉得可以分成发展中国家和发达国家两种情况，这样就只有两个分论点了呀，所以我还是想了促进社会公平和提高公民的受教育水平两个点来写，把政府的支付能力放在了一点里面。
但是我感觉自己三个点之间没什么逻辑
练习issue12： https://bbs.gter.net/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=1869142&page=1#pid1779780412
练习argument7： https://bbs.gter.net/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=1869142&page=1#pid1779780777
谢谢老师批改~ 立论的时候有时候三个类别不能涵盖全部情况，有时候会重叠，这点把握的不好，
我把8月6号的帖子回完了才发现今天是8月5号，汗。。
今天写了Argument 35, 在这里
谢谢老师批改！
Stfish的潜水钟 发表于 2015-8-5 18:18 static/image/common/back.gif
（1）我感觉分情况讨论的方法启发了我打开找三个分论点的思路，就像高考作文写议论文一样，列举出三个并列的 ...
https://bbs.gter.net/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=1777232&page=23#pid1779519136
你可以看看我写的issue 12
从对学校 学生和社会三方面的讨论 就想同学们说的，感觉分类讨论基本上就是按人（年龄，职业）和社会（不同领域）来分类的，但是很多时候因为干货不够，很难想到第三种分类。还有就是不知道什么时候可以用分类讨论，什么时候没法用。
还是应该过一遍所有的题目确保都有的写，所以打算这周集中看看题和老师的范文写写提纲
前两天写的Issue 62，谢谢老师！
https://bbs.gter.net/forum.php?mod=redirect&goto=findpost&ptid=1840058&pid=1779765607&fromuid=2888572 本帖最后由 牛奔奔 于 2015-8-5 23:22 编辑
（1）有些题目很容易进行分类，就是分情况讨论，将题目中的关键词加上限定，然后不同情况进行不同讨论，这应该是1+3模型的最基本形式。
（2）但是很多题目硬生生的想分类讨论其实是很难的。比如讨论scandal的那道，以及回应类的题目。这样单纯的想对某个关键词进行分类议论往往是行不通的。老师说这里应该引入和题目相关但是未被提及的概念，即”干货“。我理解这其实是一种破题的方法，将题目过渡到一个“好写”的地方，或者将抽象的概念具体化然后论证，让思路落脚。感觉这是gre作文中最难的地方，有的时候想破脑袋也想不出，这个真的是靠平时的积累了。感觉应该先想出一个大概的观点，再去细化和让其”可信“可能要好一点。
（3）其实很多同主题下的题目都是可以相同的，比如老师举例的第1题和issue 91中的例子就可以通用或者稍作修改使其切题。比如researchers思考的能力肯定不会下降。但是housewives之类只用technology而不主动思考的可能就会思考能力下降。这些例子也可以在立论的时候帮助扩大思路。
今天练习的
argument 14
和今天补上的昨天的作业
Issue 62
谢谢老师！ 本帖最后由 乱羽乱舞 于 2015-8-6 00:43 编辑
（1）前面的同学都提到了并列分类的问题，也是最常用的策略。不过有时候干货不足找不出合理的并列论点的时候，我也会试一试递进的展开策略，作为辅助手段。以scandal为例，可以考虑这样展开：首先scandal是不是总能引起人们的关注；其次如果引起关注，会起到正面影响还是负面影响；最后如果scandal能起到理想的效果，真正把它作为工具有什么可能的障碍；
（2）前面同学说的分类的策略，也许可以归结为不同的情况。
第一，对在同一对象例如关键词people按职业、领域、宗教、国家、性格等等特征进行细分，又如对社会影响按政治、经济、文化、法律等等划分，这样就可以分析不少问题；
第二，对题干中提到或者未提到但是相关的不同对象，按不同对象来分别展开论述，比如Educational institutions have a responsibility to dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed这题，老师就是按不同对象进行论述的：学校、学生、社会、（家庭、社区、学科发展、国家等）；
第三，对issue提出的问题，依据其不同的性质来进行分析，例如对Governments must ensure that their major cities receive the financial support they need in order to thrive.我就可能会对其按可行性、公平性和有效性进行展开；
第四，对题目中的政策方案，可以按正面影响、反面影响、综合影响（权衡）来分析；又或者将其时间跨度划分，如短期影响、长期影响、过度期影响；
...
（3）感觉最棘手的问题，是素材不足，写issue62的时候，让我感到非常吃力，甚至特意花费了不少时间去网上搜集素材。
一点浅见，还请多指点
习作练习，issue62
https://bbs.gter.net/forum.php?mod=redirect&goto=findpost&ptid=1865875&pid=1779783135&fromuid=3024572
补729的作业~39楼，老师您这篇的范文还木有写~我也是感觉写这篇的时候好无力，不知道在科学和艺术方面举什么具体的EXPERIENCE好！
https://bbs.gter.net/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=1837150&page=3&extra=#pid1779737393 jingyuege1 发表于 2015-8-6 00:10 static/image/common/back.gif
补729的作业~39楼，老师您这篇的范文还木有写~我也是感觉写这篇的时候好无力，不知道在科学和艺术方面举什么 ...
这篇确实不好写 我还在纠结 乱羽乱舞 发表于 2015-8-5 23:40 static/image/common/back.gif
（1）前面的同学都提到了并列分类的问题，也是最常用的策略。不过有时候干货不足找不出合理的并列论点的时候 ...
关于素材不足的问题 你可以看看我的博客82楼 appreciate it 这里介绍了7篇范文的立论思路。希望大家能从中体会到如何想出三个靠谱的分论点。今天的任务是结合自己练习的体验，谈一下哪一些立论的策略对自己比较有用以及可能遇到的问题。写完后可以附上一篇习作的链接
思考：我觉得分类讨论确实是解题的一大法门，其实很多题都是这样。在这里我考虑的是，分类讨论是对话题的水平展开，当然也可以写的很深入，对于像我这样英语基础不是很好的同学来说还是比较容易入手的。因为纵向分层的写作虽然可以很有深度，但是对英语文化及写作水平有很高的要求。水平展开还有一个需要注意的地方就是例子尽量不要列举的太简单了，要有一定的深度，这里也就是王老师所说的干货，其实也就是平时的积累。虽然小儿科的例子好想，但是可能没有太多的思想在里面，写的也就不具有一定的深度和逻辑性。以后还要多注意这方面。
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