ISSUE有用素材：美国的选举纷争
发信人: Dinothere (闭关), 信区: HistoryClub标 题: 美国的选举纷争
发信站: BBS 水木清华站 (Tue May 4 06:54:26 2004), 站内
美国的大选带来的纷争，看来还是不少的，2000 年是一个。
近来无意中发现得克萨斯以前也发生过类似的纷争，而且更厉害，
COKE-DAVIS CONTROVERSY ，1873 年。
先说当时的州长，当时的州长是 Davis。正值南北战争结束不久，
Davis，一个参加过北军当过军官的共和党，作了得州州长。他在任上
大搞独裁，Davis 有权任命州里的官员，法官，除此之外，他还通过
得州立法机构的授权，有权宣布戒严法，而且搞出了一个他自己直接统帅
的州警察部队。另外好象他也有些腐败的嫌疑。
选民对这个州长不耐烦了，1873 年，民主党的 Coke 以 2:1 的绝对优势击败
了 Davis, 没想到这个 Davis 居然通过法庭宣布选举无效，然后派出他自己
的军队驻守办公室。民主党也不买他的帐，一群民主党人终于冲进办公室
底层，而 Davis 的军队也发生哗变不再忠于 Davis 了。这个时候 Davis
还不死心，他甚至向当时联邦的总统 Grant 求救，要求联邦派军队来保护
他维持他的政权，Grant 没答应他的要求。山穷水尽的 Davis 终于下台。
从此得州进行了重大的改革，州长的权力给限制了许多。而共和党也因为
Davis 的恶名而一掘不振，让民主党在得州坐大，一直到 1950 年以后，
共和党才重新慢慢爬起来，到小布什时代重新找回了昔日的感觉。不过
Davis 始终是得州共和党的阴影。
呵呵，看来人性相通，防止政变或者独裁确实很难。
一个参考网页是：
http://www.chron.com/content/chronicle/editorial/98/03/29/robison-column.0-4.h
tml 那个网页好像不行哦，我到时候去google再搜一下吧。
到这里都可以访问：
http://www.chron.com/content/chronicle/editorial/
再往下就不知道该怎么找了
琢磨ing 突然想起昨天听听力还听到一个什么congress aids 的短文。 http://www.tsha.utexas.edu/handbook/online/articles/view/CC/mqc1.html
COKE-DAVIS CONTROVERSY.
In the election of December 1873 Richard Cokeqv received 100,415 votes for governor against 52,141 for Edmund J. Davis.qv The election had been characterized by fraud and intimidation on both sides. Davis, the incumbent, proclaimed that he had a right to finish out his four-year term, and the "Semicolon Court,"qv in the case Ex parte Rodriguez,qv held that the election was illegal. Disregarding the court ruling, the Democrats secured the keys to the second floor of the Capitol and took possession. Davis was reported to have state troops stationed on the lower floor. The Travis Rifles (see TRAVIS GUARDS AND RIFLES), summoned to protect Davis, were converted into a sheriff's posse and protected Coke. On January 15, 1874, Coke was inaugurated as governor. On January 16 Davis arranged for a truce, but he made one final appeal for federal intervention. A telegram from President Ulysses S. Grant said that he did not feel warranted in sending federal troops to keep Davis in office. Davis resigned his office on January 19. Coke's inauguration restored Democratic control in Texas.
BIBLIOGRAPHY: Robert A. Calvert and Arnoldo De León, The History of Texas (Arlington Heights, Illinois: Harlan Davidson, 1990). Carl H. Moneyhon, Republicanism in Reconstruction Texas (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1980). Otis Singletary, "The Texas Militia during Reconstruction," Southwestern Historical Quarterly 60 (July 1956).
Curtis Bishop 这个也有用 up一下，不过还是看得不很懂ing.....哪位解释一下？ up upper uppest~~
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