[color=#1200ff]argument33 骨头金属和罐子,也是好多人问的,索性贴出提纲来吧[
又看见有人问,我就翻了自己过去回复的贴子,找到了自己的提纲。单独发一个贴子吧,醒目点,希望对大家有用。原贴子如下:https://bbs.gter.net/showthread.php?s=&threadid=209245&highlight=argument33
提纲如下:
Argument33 :
The following report appeared in an archaeology journal.
'The discovery of distinctively shaped ceramic pots at various prehistoric sites scattered over a wide area has led archaeologists to ask how the pots were spread. Some believe the pot makers migrated to the various sites and carried the pots along with them; others believe the pots were spread by trade and their makers remained in one place. Now, analysis of the bones of prehistoric human skeletons can settle the debate: high levels of a certain metallic element contained in various foods are strongly associated with people who migrated to a new place after childhood. Many of the bones found near the pots at a few sites showed high levels of the metallic element. Therefore, it must be that the pots were spread by migration, not trade.'
这道题目,先要分析清楚题目的因果关系。
事实A1:某种特定的金属元素会伴随在童年后迁徙的人们。
事实A2:罐子附近的许多骨头均含有某特定金属元素。
(隐含的中间结论B:罐子附近的骨头主人是迁徙而来的)
结论C:罐子是被迁徙传播的,而非贸易
(A1+A2)------>B----->C
注意到A1、A2均是事实之后,明白攻击点在arguer建立的错误的因果关系。
驳斥点如下:
1:(A1+A2)------>B:骨头里有着种元素的人们可能是原住民,未必经过迁徙。即便在不同sites,也很有可能在不同sites均有含有该金属元素的食物存在,使得这些原住民的骨头都含有该元素。
2:B----->C:即便这些骨头的主人都不是原住民,也无法证明这些骨头的主人同时是罐子的主人。一方面,骨头和罐子是否同时代未提供。另一方面,这些骨头很可能来自不同的、食用含有该元素的食物的地方,而这些地方很可能不是罐子的产地。人们虽然是迁徙而来的,但很可能跟罐子完全没有关系。(注意到many的用词,many意味着不是all,意味着有some不含有该元素,可以假定那些才是真正罐子主人的骨头)
3:B----->C:即便这些骨头的主人也是罐子的主人,也未必能够证明罐子是迁徙而来的。这些人的死因不详,有可能是在狩猎、远行、战争中死亡,罐子作为随身物品,也遗留在死亡处。
因此,说罐子一定随迁徙传播是草率的。
不当之处欢迎讨论 jj的帖子,先顶一个 顶,needle真是好兔子哇
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题中的a few sites可不可以用来反驳就说a few不能反映all 分析的好啊 good up~
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