科技类提纲[分享]
科技类花了不少时间，希望对大家有帮助！这样，大家看的更清楚！中文部分引自00fox；英文部分引自ETS ：D 提纲来自我自己 ：P
很郁闷昨天以前还写了很多，忘记保存，结果后面的一些没有提纲，见谅啊
1.新产品是否能够代替传统工具的问题（7－DC vs 印刷品；155－读书vs现代方式；159－人脑vs机器）
7 "The video camera provides such an accurate and convincing record of contemporary life that it has become a more important form of documentation than written records."
155"Contemporary society offers so many ways of learning that reading books is no longer very important."
159 "The human mind will always be superior to machines because machines are only tools of human minds."
2.科技对人和社会的影响：（30－旨在节省时间？；124－节省时间否？；66－是否引起惰性,影响思考能力？；88－对传统道德的影响；107,151－实时通讯使人作出匆忙判断？；114－能否改善humanity；129－总是积极的吗；135－对环境的双面影响；166－最大贡献是使生活更舒适；196－解决问题?带来问题?；219－大量的信息对人的影响；）
30"The primary goal of technological advancement should be to increase people's efficiency so that everyone has more leisure time."
Agree with the first conation, disapprove another
1 the primary goal is to enhance efficiency, telephone, mobile car, plane, internet and tv
2 but not lead to the result of providing more leisure time,
A more knowledge more unknown left to donate time to do
B after gain the enhancement of life, people need to purchase other satisfaction such as self improvement, physical exercise, also some metal enjoyment, all of which take time to do.
124 "Instant foods, instant communication, faster transportation-all of these recent developments are designed to save time. Ironically, though, instead of making more leisure time available, these developments have contributed to a pace of human affairs that is more rushed and more frantic than ever before."
Theoretical speaking, such recent invention have made it possible for us to set aside more time for repose and relaxation.
2 we are living a more hurried life than ancestors centuries before
3 not the development, but our values and trends make us busy. Have too much stress to competition and efficiency.
66"As people rely more and more on technology to solve problems, the ability of humans to think for themselves will surely deteriorate."
1 technology had extricated human-being out of heavy physical work and modified mental work, but it can not be a substitute for whole human though.
2 solving problems become easier by the highly developed technology, so we can put more energy on self-thought
3 technology has been making our knowledge’s frontiers longer than ever, however, there are more questions coming to us for further consideration
4 admittedly, some profound thought owes to the technology. Such as the research on our cosmos using X-ray telescope with earth-size recently. But it only sever as a useful tool, it is human invent and control the work of machine.
Conclusion: technology improving the ability of human self-thought.
88 "Technologies not only influence but actually determine social customs and ethics."
1 social customs and ethics are handed down from generation to generation determined mostly the characteristic of the nation or the race.
2 on the other hand technologies do not determine ethics and customs, since these customs are depositions of human kind for so long a time and emergence of technology are only a few years compared with the human’s thousands of years in shaping customs
3 as a matter of fact, social customs and ethics can influence and determine the orientation of technology at a seemly acceleration. Cloning can serve as a mighty example.
4 admittedly, techniques dose influence customs and ethics a lot. See women’ s change in status by Technological Revolution in the early 20th century.
disagree
it is human” responsibility to determine the pace of reply.
Instant communication save time for further thinking
Sometimes it is the increasing pace of modern life make people reply quickly.
On the other hand, traditional method is a waste of time otherwise used in thinking process.
107 "Instant communication systems encourage people to form hasty opinions and give quick replies rather than take the time to develop thoughtful, well-reasoned points of view."
1 everything in our society develops very rapidly nowadays. So to keep up with the pace of our society, we must make hasty opinions and give quick replies.
2 communication system facilitate the speed of communication
3 it is detrimental to lose the pace with this increasing development. Other people cannot wait for your thoughtful or well-reasoned points of view. Many opportunity lost if you make decision very slowly.
4 admittedly, traditional time consuming method dose tolerant slow and thoughtful thinking
151"High-speed electronic communications media, such as electronic mail and television, tend to prevent meaningful and thoughtful communication."
1 high-speed electronic communications save the time used for meaningful and thoughtful thinking.
2 high-speed do not deny face to face communication
3 in e-mail or other, people could make meaningful and thoughtful communication too.
4 traditional method is a good way to meaningful communicating , however those time-consuming people could not afford
5 sometimes it is no need to undergo meaningful communication, never it is more true than when nowadays, efficiency and effectiveness are in great demand.
6 those communication give some lazy people a excuse to avoid thoughtful thinking.
In this epoch of rapid social and technological development leading to increasing living standards and psychological displacement, both positive and negative effects as a result of instant communication systems call for a balance in which the systems encourage people for quick replies and facilitate them to think deeply and thus presenting a well-reasoned point of view.
114"Humanity has made little real progress over the past century or so. Technological innovations have taken place, but the overall condition of humanity is no better. War, violence, and poverty are still with us. Technology cannot change the condition of humanity."
129"Technology is a necessary but not always a positive force in modern life."
135 "While most of the environmental problems we face result from the use of technology, society must depend upon technology to find solutions to these problems."
166"Over the past century, the most significant contribution of technology has been to make people's lives more comfortable."
196"Technology creates more problems than it solves, and may threaten or damage the quality of life."
219"Now that computer technology has made possible the rapid accessing of large amounts of factual information, people are less likely than ever to think deeply or originally. They feel unable to compete with -- much less contribute to -- the quantity of information that is now available
electronically."
3.政府是否应该干预。（69）（可归入政治）
69"Government should place few, if any, restrictions on scientific research and development"
4.通过什么方法来衡量进步（115－逻辑和数字？）
115"It is through the use of logic and of precise, careful measurement that we become aware of our progress. Without such tools, we have no reference points to indicate how far we have advanced or retreated."
5.作科研的目的（119－首先考虑改善公众生活？）
119 "When research priorities are being set for science, education, or any other area, the most important question to consider is: How many people's lives will be improved if the results are successful?"
6.多媒体（150－电视对旅游业影响；233－多媒体与教学；237－复制品和原版，以及对公众的价值）
150 "Because of television and worldwide computer connections, people can now become familiar with a great many places that they have never visited. As a result, tourism will soon become obsolete."
233 "Although innovations such as video, computers, and the Internet seem to offer schools improved methods for instructing students, these technologies all too often distract from real learning."
237．"Computers and video technology can make facsimiles of original works such as paintings and historical documents available to everyone. The great advantage of this new technology is that it will enable anyone—not just scholars—to conduct in-depth research without having access to the original works."
图像与文字，影像技术与学习文化
Computers and video technology can make facsimiles of original works such as paintings and historical documents available to everyone. The great advantage of this new technology is that it will enable anyone-not just scholars-to conduct in-depth research without having access to the original works.【237】
电脑和影像技术可让普通人接触像绘画和历史文献这样的原始资料复制品。这项新技术最大好处就是可以让任何人，不仅仅是学者们，即使无法接触到这些原始资料也一样可以进行深入的研究。
The video camera provides such an accurate and convincing record of contemporary life that it has become a more important form of documentation than written records. 【7】
摄像机通过如此精确而有力的记录手段来再现当代生活，因此它已经代替书面记录成为一种更重要的记录手段。
Contemporary society offers so many ways of learning that reading books is no longer very important.【155】
当代社会提供了如此之多的学习手段以至于读书已经变得不再那么重要了。
Although innovations such as video, computers, and the internet seem to offer schools improved methods for instructing students, these technologies all too often distract from real learning.【233】
尽管诸如电视、电脑和互联网这样的发明似乎给学校教育提供了进步的手段，但是所有这些技术往往也是在偏离真正的学习。
技术进步与思维退步
Now that computer technology has made possible the rapid accessing of large amounts of factual information, people are less likely than ever to think deeply or originally. They feel unable to compete with-much less contribute to-the quantity of information that is now available electronically.【219】
既然电脑技术已经使人们及时接触大量真实信息成为可能，那么人们就不太可能像以前那样去深刻地或者创造性地思考了。对于通过电子手段获得的信息量，人们已经感觉跟不上了，并且个人的作用已经减弱了。
As people rely more and more on technology to solve problems, the ability of humans to think for themselves will surely deteriorate.【66】
当人们变得越来越依赖技术解决问题的时候，人类独立思考的能力将肯定会江河日下。
Contemporary technology makes available many small pieces of factual information. As a result, people have become so preoccupied with bits of fragmented information that they pay too little attention to the larger issues and overall perspectives.【23】
现代技术使获得大量细节信息成为可能。其结果是人们全神贯注于七零八碎的信息而很少去注意更大的问题和全局
Instant communication systems encourage people to form hasty opinions and give quick replies rather than take the time to develop thoughtful, well-reasoned points of view.【107】
即时通讯系统促使人们匆忙的作出判断并很快的给出回答，而不是花时间去形成深思熟虑和理由充分的观点。
High-speed electronic communications media, such as electronic mail and television, tend to prevent meaningful and thoughtful communication. 【151】
高速电子通讯媒体，例如电子邮件和电视，在逐渐地抑制有意义的和有思想性的交流。
技术进步对人类社会的影响之交流（结合行为74）
无明显主题
Because of television and worldwide computer connections, people can now become familiar with a great many places that they have never visited. As a result, tourism will soon become obsolete. 【150】
由于电视和全球范围内的计算机网络，人们现在可以熟悉很多以前从未涉足过的地方。其结果就是使得旅游变得过时了。(旅游将会被淘汰)
技术进步对人类社会的影响之旅游
The human mind will always be superior to machines because machines are only tools of human minds.【159】
人类的智慧将总是高于机器，因为机器只是人类智慧的工具。
Technologies not only influence but actually determine social customs and ethics.【88】
技术不仅仅影响而且实际上是决定了社会传统和道德规范。
技术进步之社会影响
Government should place few, if any, restrictions on scientific research
and development.【69】
政府应该少限制科学研究和发展。
技术之政府限制 3x a lot ! thanks Thank you! so nice you are!
hope you have a good score in the AW! 经典，有后面的提纲就更完美了，呵呵 谢谢分享，让论坛的朋友又多了一份宝贵的资料！ 谢谢
正为这个头疼呢!
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