坚定地走下去,我没有退路!
即使不能到达既定的远方,但沿途定有美丽的收获!
要微笑,要坚持,不能失去方向!
第三次作业
分析性写作的总体观
分析性写作是GRE普通考试中2002年10月新加入的一个部分。考察你的批判性思维和分析写作的能力,评估清晰地论证复杂理念,分析论点,有主次并有内在联系地讨论的能力,不需要你掌握具体的背景知识。分析性写作部分的准备
任何人----即使是非常熟练和自信的作者----应该在到考场前花些时间准备分析性写作部分。回顾标准规则,评分标准,评分人和评分的描述,样本话题,评分样本习作的反响,和读者的注释,这些都是很重要的工作。分析性写作部分的考试策略
计划好你的时间非常重要。在限定的45分钟内完成ISSUE的任务,你会有充足的时间从两个话题中选择一个,考虑你选择的题目,列出计划并组成你的文章。在30分钟限定的时间内完成Argument的写作任务,你有充足的时间去分析题目,写出批判性的计划,组成你的文章。尽管GRE德读者知道在有限的时间内你写出的是初稿,你仍然希望在这个考场环境下,这篇文章能够尽可能地代表你的写作水平。分析性写作部分怎么评分
根据GRE分析性写作评分指导的标准,每一篇习作按照6分的水平整体评分。整体评分意味着每一篇习作被看做一个整体:读者不需要把文章分成几个部分,对某一个特定的部分评分,例如思想、组织、句子结构、语言,而是针对文章总体评分,综合地考虑文章总体特点。例如,文章极好的组织还是贫乏的组织,将对读者对整个文章的印象产生影响,从而影响分数,但是,文章的组织,作为一个明确的特点,对整个文章的评分没有特别大的权重。在ISSUE中呈现你的观点
理解ISSUE的任务:Argument写作
理解Argument写作任务Argument写作
理解Argument写作任务COMMENT:
To begin with,I will clear up the idears of the two sides on the debate.The proposer,s rubuttal remarks on defending primarily,and then figure out the unreasonable points in the opposition,s arguments.First of all,he concludes the claims Ms Minow holds and reiterates the point that the income of CEOs are decreased and actually related with companies, performance.The fact is that the lion,s share CEOs received of their pay in stock which has been kept as shares in companies proportional matches the wealth they lose in the finacial crisis.Secondly,he demonstrates that his argument is authoritative and credible which is oposite of Ms Minow,s position.Then he points out several limitation in her arguments and indicates the real causes of finacial crisis.
Consistent with Mr Kaplan,s debate,Ms Minow rebut specificially.Her arguments also devided into two parts.She emphasized again that the subsides of government bouncing back the companies illuminates again that the incomes of CEOs is not related with their performance.The reason is that government could not prevent the behavior of shareing bonous and the companies make excuse of it such as keeping the emplyees from leaving.Meanwhile,the funds of Treasury Department has no detailed control on executive compensation obligations.This is an other opportunity for companies to take the agency costs as bonous which has been called risk management.In a wold,the theoretical pay is further from the realised pay.According to Mr Kaplan,s debate, Ms Minow also figures out some defect in his argument.One is the invalid talking point about the net worth,the other is that the high pay with the relavant of CEOs is obscure that they are not set by boards as CEOs.At last she point out seven deadly sins found in executive compensation plans.
Take no consideration of the real truth about the debate,only focusing on the rebuttal remarks of the two sides,it is more intense and hard to decide who win.Compared with their debate before, Mr Kaplan incread the part of disputoin,and thanks to this,we have seen a more exciting debate on the opposition,s arguments that Ms Minow holds.It seems that Ms Minow,s rebuttle remarks is more clear and targeted to some extent in this term.Whatever we really want is a fair and equitable economic market not the same as Ms Minow depicts.
好词好句:
Mr Kaplan argues that the most powerful criticism of executive pay-that bosses get upside and no downside-is simply false.
there are plenty of devices such as golden parachutes that cannot possibly be justified by performance.
He suggests that extreme pay differentials can damage companies by attracting the wrong sort of bosses and demotivating the rank and file.
We need to focus more on the overall picture, around the world as well as in the United States, rather than on a few attention-grabbing anecdotes.
Ironically, neither do her two anecdotes.
These CEOs' financial reversals were part of a robust system of pay-for-performance widely used by most U.S. companies.
lost a large fraction of their wealth and, in many cases, their jobs.
It is irresponsible to claim that CEOs do not bear any downside risk.
all without having any detailedinformation about the scope of AIG's very substantial, and verycontroversial, executive compensation obligations.
confirms Yermack's analysis and also clearly refutes Ms Minow's conclusion.
First, we disagree on the calculations thatsupport the conclusion that CEO play has been declining. Our figures,based not on theoretical pay but on realised pay, are as follows.
Been propped by 一直支撑
Reiterate the point 反复地强调观点
Plenty of devices很多策略
Attention-grabbing anecdote引人注目的轶事
Take account of考虑
The lion,s share最大份额
In direct contradiction to与。。。相反
Have been much better off已经好得多
Diamentrically opposed to直接地反对。。。
Consistent with this与之相一致的。。
Bounce back卷土重来
Inspector general监察长
Clamp down on施压于
This article includes mass of contents about entrepreneurship,which divides into three parts,is to point that entrepreneurs see a good as well as a bad side to the recession.In the first part,with the history backgroud knowledge I am not totally understand,the author highly commends entrepreneurship as power force in social progress.Then the author states the elements supporting entrepreneurial ideas and the good chance that bring to us.Following, the author begins to discuss the definition of entrepreneur and the good points of famous people.In the second part,the author assail five myths about innovative entrepreneurs.In the last part,the author complements the previous point of view and mainly to sum up the misfortune and fortune to entrepreneurs.
I have watched several programs concerning entrepreneurship,I think the most important factor for venture capital is a clear bussiness pattern and the potencial capacity of growth.To a good entrepreneur,he should own the qualities of the firm faith,persistent passion,courage and insight,durative insist on the career.
12.31
bumping into beauty
grasping for the first time Dirac's equations describing quantum mechanics量子力学
I ask him what makes a theory beautiful, and he replies, "Simplicity, symmetry对称,均匀, elegance, and power.
conform to遵循
lay bare暴露,揭发,展开
puzzle out苦苦思索
gasping the rarefied纯净的,稀薄的 air
in a pinch在紧要关头,必要时
deliver to转交,交付,传达
swiftness迅速,快
fleeting短暂的,飞逝的 glory that stirs our hearts
take delight in乐于
to an extreme极度地,非常地
by a wide margin广泛的回旋余地
The most incomprehensible thing about the universe, as Einstein said, is that it's comprehensible.
Generation after generation, we puzzle out formulas, test them, and find, to an astonishing degree, that nature agrees.
You can do science without believing in a divine Legislator, but not without believing in laws.
Still, I remember glimpsing patterns in mathematics that seemed as bold and beautiful as a skyful of stars.
I'm never more aware of the limitations of language than when I try to describe beauty.
"All nature is meant to make us think of paradise," Thomas Merton observed. Because the Creation puts on a nonstop show, beauty is free and inexhaustible, but we need training in order to perceive more than the most obvious kinds.
Just so, I believe, the experience of beauty is an echo of the order and power that permeate the universe. To measure background radiation, we need subtle instruments; to measure beauty, we need alert intelligence and our five keen senses.
Have we merely carried our animal need for shrewd perceptions to an absurd extreme? Or have we stumbled onto a deep congruence between the structure of our minds and the structure of the universe?
Beauty feeds us from the same source that created us.
A universe so prodigal of beauty may actually need us to notice and respond, may need our sharp eyes and brimming hearts and teeming minds, in order to close the circuit of Creation
Comment:
What a beautiful aticle!Citing what the article says,I'm never more aware of the limitations of language than when I try to describe beauty,that is the feeling I merely have.
This article discribes the beautiful things from the eyes of scientists,which different from the things our common perpson simply assents,contrarily,a simple, symmetrical, elegant theory,and the obvious phenomenons in our daily life but cantain coherent set of rules,also maybe the access of scranbling mountain of academic.This wonderful article aggrandize my comprehension on beauty and I recognized there are mass of beauty waiting us to discover and explore,and the only thing we need to do is cultivating and alerting intelligence and our five keen senses.
I have little the same feeling as the author described during the study on academic.I have never detected such a beautiful and mysterious world through the sight of optical microscope and scanning electron microscope.That was my first time seen the structure of bacterial flagella,various figures including beautiful girls,pears and cats vividly shown under the optical aparatus,and as long as you fully exert imagination,you can find more funny profile.So does the same as the configurition of antennas of insects,which is alluring and complicated integral.These beatiful founds arouse us searching for the mystery in the universe,then the study never boring but interesting.
Holding a attitude of discovering beauty,we could reap a lot,no matter what we are doing.Sharp eyes and brimming hearts and teeming minds make our life more bewutiful.
seeking material gains is not the exclusive patent of the mean, but a golden rule for all. "Time is money" is a vogue word nowadays. But, when it is worshipped as a motto座右铭,格言 of life and commercialism takes the place of other wisdom of life, life is then turned into a corporation and, consequently, interpersonal relations into a market. The former turns one’s life into a process of fulfilling endless obligations while the latter breeds a life-long scramble for wealth and power. Instead, your true "self" makes you who you are. The true meaning of life lies not in giving or possessing, but in creating, which actively unfolds显露,阐明,呈现,伸展 your true disposition, or, in other words, the emotional gratification you obtain through the exertion of your essential power. there is a life more worth living than the one haunted by righteousness and gain. And, this belief will help me sail through the unpredictable waters of my future life. Nevertheless, beyond righteousness and gain, I believe, there are other attitudes towards life; beyond virtue and meanness, there are other individualities. the true value of life is beyond obligations and power. a tense interpersonal relationship You do not live for the doctrines you believe in or the materials you possess. but about a peaceful mind coming from a non-materialistic attitude towards life. scramble for 争夺 looms large显得突出 poles apart截然相反,南辕北辙 crystal clear极明白,十分清楚 highlights(center attention on) places a premium on诱发,鼓励 Comment: This article are talking about the author’s view on life,he coin a form called "disposition",an aesthetical philosophy of life, "righteousness" and "gain".That means you do not live for the doctrines you believe in or the materials you possess,but to unfolds your true disposition, the emotional gratification you obtain through the exertion of your essential power, or, in other words,to self-fulfillment. In my oppinion,the performance of creating is an other process of fulfilling endless obligations,which is a high level of giving.We are living a unique life accoding to our own way,at the same time,we create significative things that is gifts for comminity.The middlebrow person giving at all times,lacking the spirit of innovation can not promot social progress.But without these people willing to dedicate,which would aggravate the tense interpersonal relationship and the society becoming more chaotic.To some extent,the extreme self-fulfillment would evolve into scramble for profits fit for self-development. I agree with the author stated at last that a moderate dedicaton and gain,more over to enjoy a graceful life of ourselves. |
As I comprehend,philosophy is a subject telling us what the substances are and how the world makes up.It uses refined words to point out the rule in the life,or the relationship between objects.Athough so simple the rule is and the accustomed habbit,it would give us abstruse apocalypse.
It seems that I have catch the idea but when considering explicitly,it is equavical again,maybe the philosophy is something we should understand on the situatoin that it is slur.
What the world is that people considered differenciate from each other because of the difference of knowledge system they have comprehended.In the firt paragraph,the author talked about what the eternity is and this is the first meaning I learned.We should consider thing from the positive aspect because put it in the perpetual
world,anything difficulty or failiur is nigligible.So we should looking forward.
In the long river of history,the world is proceed by the specific law,no matter who dose anything in the history.The heros that must necessarily be,but not the certain person,even though the one we recognized as a hero did not exist,there should be another one take the place of him,promoting the development of scocial progress.
1.8-1.9 好词好句: After having resorted for so long to cunning and falsehood, to intrigue and violence, politics, were it only for the novelty of the thing, should try the effect of fair dealing, tolerance, and justice. Today, more than at any period, novelty is liked. It was not a shifty and violent policy that was pursued by ... Their example shows that... ...may score...just as...are punished for the evil or rewarded for the good they do.
What is more, there has ceased to be any necessity for a policy of this sort in modern societies.
It is doubtless useful to improve institutions and to reform abuses but how much more necessary it is to reform morals and to give tone to men's minds by healthy ideas and moral beliefs. in inculcating the dignity of human nature and the obligatory character of duty, and in opposing the worship of an ideal to the worship of the golden calf? The aspect of the world would be changed if the nations, considering themselves members of the same family, would banish violence and craft from their councils. It may be hoped, in consequence, that war will become rarer and rarer in proportion to the progress of civilization and of the moral and economical solidarity existing between different nations. Science without conscience, Rabelais has said, is the ruin of the soul. Politics without morality are the ruin of society. Discredited Culpable Maxim Ephemeral Pretext Solely Cease to be Have recourse to Count upon In accordence with Crop up In proportion as Let loose No less than Comment: Taking the reversed example of Machiavellism,a great policy cannot be immoral.A policy based upon immorality is antiquated and unworthy of morden society.At the present day a generation of politicians set more store upon palpable realities than upon principles,because of the numerous deceptions it has experenced,of the frequent revolutoins it has undergone,but also of the weaking of spiritual beliefs.The true remedies for the political corruption is a return to principles and moral beliefs and the substitution of ideas for appetites.As for public,the sentiment of personal responsibility must be re-established in the mind and the education of the young.Nations,too,in their mutual relations,have every interest not to separate politics from morality.The public safty lies in justice alone. This article inculcating the morality and responsibility is vital for either public and society.As spirit is the centre of human,equity is of consequence in a great policy.In my oppinon, justice decides whether a government would gain respect and supported by public or not.Immorality and dispised justice bring about autocracy,which is eliminated by history finally.There is a aphorism those who gains popular were under the sun.Only sincere and equitable morality should gain public support. Then how to re-establish the sentiment of duty and of responsibility at the present day,reality and benefit fill full of the society.I once asked my little niece that if she has 10 yuan,would she willing to hand out 1 yuan to the begger on the road,after a while,she put out her hand and asked me with the innocent eyes “Give me 10 yuan.”I am astonished by his action.With the deeply-solid ideology in our society that interests and personal development is important,the youth is deeply influenced.It is diffiult to alter scocial climate,public awareness and basic education is important.As mentioned in the article that the society should keep a little of the admiration they lavish upon consequerors for the upright men who have given evidence of their love of humanity and of humanity and of their respect for huaman life. |
1.8-9 好词好句: After having resorted for so long to cunning and falsehood, to intrigue and violence, politics, were it only for the novelty of the thing, should try the effect of fair dealing, tolerance, and justice. Today, more than at any period, novelty is liked. It was not a shifty and violent policy that was pursued by ... Their example shows that... ...may score...just as...are punished for the evil or rewarded for the good they do.
What is more, there has ceased to be any necessity for a policy of this sort in modern societies.
It is doubtless useful to improve institutions and to reform abuses but how much more necessary it is to reform morals and to give tone to men's minds by healthy ideas and moral beliefs. in inculcating the dignity of human nature and the obligatory character of duty, and in opposing the worship of an ideal to the worship of the golden calf? The aspect of the world would be changed if the nations, considering themselves members of the same family, would banish violence and craft from their councils. It may be hoped, in consequence, that war will become rarer and rarer in proportion to the progress of civilization and of the moral and economical solidarity existing between different nations. Science without conscience, Rabelais has said, is the ruin of the soul. Politics without morality are the ruin of society. Discredited Culpable Maxim Ephemeral Pretext Solely Cease to be Have recourse to Count upon In accordence with Crop up In proportion as Let loose No less than Comment: Taking the reversed example of Machiavellism,a great policy cannot be immoral.A policy based upon immorality is antiquated and unworthy of morden society.At the present day a generation of politicians set more store upon palpable realities than upon principles,because of the numerous deceptions it has experenced,of the frequent revolutoins it has undergone,but also of the weaking of spiritual beliefs.The true remedies for the political corruption is a return to principles and moral beliefs and the substitution of ideas for appetites.As for public,the sentiment of personal responsibility must be re-established in the mind and the education of the young.Nations,too,in their mutual relations,have every interest not to separate politics from morality.The public safty lies in justice alone. This article inculcating the morality and responsibility is vital for either public and society.As spirit is the centre of human,equity is of consequence in a great policy.In my oppinon, justice decides whether a government would gain respect and supported by public or not.Immorality and dispised justice bring about autocracy,which is eliminated by history finally.There is a aphorism those who gains popular were under the sun.Only sincere and equitable morality should gain public support. Then how to re-establish the sentiment of duty and of responsibility at the present day,reality and benefit fill full of the society.I once asked my little niece that if she has 10 yuan,would she willing to hand out 1 yuan to the begger on the road,after a while,she put out her hand and asked me with the innocent eyes “Give me 10 yuan.”I am astonished by his action.With the deeply-solid ideology in our society that interests and personal development is important,the youth is deeply influenced.It is diffiult to alter scocial climate,public awareness and basic education is important.As mentioned in the article that the society should keep a little of the admiration they lavish upon consequerors for the upright men who have given evidence of their love of humanity and of humanity and of their respect for huaman life. |
The author claim that the contradictions are reconcilable,which recalls me one philosopher’s saying that the two aspects of inconsistency is interacted with each other,accelerating progress.Referring to conformity and individuality,the freedom and restriction is both necessary.
As the author states,we always complain that we are not free to be ourselves because we are constrained by the times and culture we live in, but without conformity,been interpreted as a loss of freedom,society would be reduced to chaos.
In my opinion,freedom is an conception relative to limitation.Without restriction,we have no feelings of freedom,and the truly freedom we should persue(pursue) is rebuilt on the basis of confine of law and formula.
The author points out several pieces of advantage and disadvantage in conformity and individuality.
Conform to mutual expectations, we grow in spiritual awareness and help to make the world a better place.At the same time,we get more pleasure and much more power solving problems.Contrarily,it means relinquish our uniqueness,which we owe all progress, discoveries, and breakthroughs to those few men and women who had the courage to be different. Their differences made all the difference to the world.
We are in such a society that everyone chase for novelty and innovation,and the individual development has been emphasized so high that team cooperation has been neglected.As a result of that,most children lack the character of torlerance(tolerance) and the ability of teamwork,which most of achievement relies on.We should not ignore conformity and meantime,we should enough individual development.Like the author said,dare to be youself,and I would like to add an attributive that under certain rules.
notorious声名狼藉的
agitate for鼓动
drop out of不参与,退出
subjected to使服从,使遭受
scrutiny详细审查
strikingly醒目地,引人侧目地
vitriolic刻薄的,讽刺的
starts off开始
take stock of估计,观察
plight状态,困境
resounding共鸣的,彻底的,十足的
Men need to be part of that struggle, directing some of their own ambitions in the direction of good parenting, so that the raising of families is accepted as something that demands equal input and that is valued in society, particularly by governments and employers.
Care in the family need not be like that, but valuing everything in monetary terms has diminished humanity, importing elements of the production line to birth, life and death.
Everybody today seems to be in such a terrible rush, anxious for greater developments and greater riches and so on, so that children have very little time for their parents. Parents have very little time for each other, and in the home begins the disruption of peace of the world.
I can think of no better example than...
...what all that entails
Yes, it is entirely possible for a society to make a number of options legally available to all, while these opportunities remain effectively out of reach for many.
It was indeed...
These assessments might seem slight, but...
The traditional role of motherhood, they find, must be slotted within career breaks, then juggled in ever more complex organisational demands of combining salaried work with domestic cares.
The debate, I should add, is not seeking to determine...As has been established, and I would not quibble with any of the evidence on ...But that is not the proposition.
Since that is the proposition I will confine my remarks to debating that point and that point alone.
Comment:
I am firmly captivatd by Mr Donkin's debate starting off with a ateping up and legible position punching into the key problems of this debate.A series of rhetorical questions forcefully claimed that viewing whether women are better off than past is not necessarily about pay and careers but about perceptions, and self-perceptions at that.Avoid talking the ecnomical position of female in society,he cinsidered that the equal educational opportunities and safeguards in the employment system protecting women are evidence to prove that women in the developed world have never had it so good.Mr Donkin spent a mass of words emphasized that happiness and contentment over a lifetime was brought by playing a good role in family concerning on looking after children and eldly.The connotation in Mr Donkin's debate is that combining salaried work with domestic cares,females fulfil an economic role in society while gain enjoyment in family,which means females' self-fulfillment.
Mrs Neill's debate takes Mr Donkin's statement as a target and directly aim at incomplete part of his debate.Taking the example from marriage to reproductive rights,which exhibited women were not being taken seriously in the workplace, in all industries and at all levels.Mrs Neill objects Mr Donkin's claim that this developed society supplies more opportunities for female compareing with past.She rebuts that women's choices are severely constrained in reality,the real reason for women are starting their business is because they hit the glass ceiling at work, not because of some burning desire to be entrepreneurs.
Although there seems exist orthodox conception about raising children as an innate job for female in Mr Donkin's point of view.But it is real that everybody today seems to be in such a terrible rush, anxious for greater developments and greater riches and so on, so that children have very little time for their parents.Of course,it is not relative to mothers,but conscientious to fathers,but women are more careful and circumspective than men do,we calling on these business women spenting more time taking care of children and staying with their family.In Mrs Neill's debate,she indicates that the economical and political position of females should not be ignored,especailly in the example of women's fundamental right to abortion,she concluding that we women want full equality.What an excellent debate it is.I consent with Mr Donkin that the answer depends on the way an individual woman understands her role in society. We can not deny women have been given more choices than ever,but there exist inequity for females' right still,and the women's struggle, the women's movement must carry on.
1.28 Yet, as Braque would surely agree, there are certain areas knowledge that only serve to reify our reality, saving us from delving into the fantastic chasm of questions arising from art. This specific area is of course science. One can often become lost in art, in a never ending series of inquiries as to how such a sculpture or painting could be physically possible. Although, science will reassure us as to what is possible and what will remain limited to a picture, or expression of thought or questioning. And last, what the reassurance of science, as well as, the nature of art entail in their representational and informative nature. Dance and the Theater, a place where art has flourished, is an example of how deceit and manipulation have manifested themselves in an art form that is revered, and held to be a distinguishing skill; acting. These are both examples of what art has done to upset the view that one has on the way things work. It may be thought that this form of art would only serve as a method of human expression, and would actually be pure and true in revealing something about human nature, but this is not necessarily the case. The social science of psychology tells us that each individual has a different perception of complex messages, such as those offered by a theatrical performance, only proving that the art has served as a way to upset a person’s interpretation by saying that it is wrong. Thus it is that a problem of knowledge when dealing with the arts is the interpretation of the arts by others. It is difficult to conceive how the various parts can fit together as a real three-dimensional object, and yet it exists in the art of humanity. Some would say that these works of art are explainable through dimensional theory and extensive analysis, but this still does not deny how upsetting the concepts these pictures present. The explanation of arts is what we see as most reassuring, even if it takes a method that is not traditionally associated with the arts. Science is not usually in the forefront of one’s mind when viewing a work of art, yet there is explanation for some of art’s implications through science, and refutation of some of the implications of art, on reality. The triangle exists in the second dimension, but when placed into the third dimension (which is what our brains try to do once it is viewed) simply can not happen when realistically applied. Furthermore, it is more important for your visual system to adhere to these constraints than to violate them because you have encountered something that is paradoxical, unusual, or inconsistent. This kind of reassurance is exactly what Braque is suggesting art cannot definitively support, due to the processes that science endures it is seen as a more legitimate and trustworthy method of assurance. Although art may upset, and science may reassure, this does not necessarily imply that one could do the other and vice versa反之亦然. Though, with art of this nature, one does not have to deal with metaphors暗喻, or abstract concepts, the picture is straight forward, telling what is, not what is subjective.The views on art only further prove its subjectivity, and how it can never be as reassuring as science.There is a wide variety of opinion and lack of continuity regarding artistic concepts, yet science seems to find a way to transcend this subjectivity. Science can reassure because its axioms exist in nature, where art will eternally be left up to individual interpretation. Braque does indeed show us how art can truly be upsetting, while leaving the reassurance to a reliable natural given that we find in science. Comment: Science can explain the fatastic chasm of questions of art,telling us what is possible and what will remain limited to a picture.The author adduce two examples of what art has done to upset the view that one has on the way things work.One is people dances in attempt to cause rain,the other is the ghost of Oedipus come back to haunt his children,both instilling in dividuals a mystical image of what could be. Following,through two instances of impossible triangle impossible staircase,the author substantiate that it is a problem of knowledge when dealing with the arts is the interpretation of the arts by others. In the third part of this essay,the author is to prove the claim that although art may upset, and science may reassure, this does not necessarily imply that one could do the other and vice versa. This is a article converge science and art,the standpoint is easy to understand rather than the whole article.I acquired ample illustration from this article,calrifying the structure of this essay firstly,then comprehending and digesting the content. |
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