I’m glad you brought up the question of our investigations into the makeup of the earth’s interior. In fact, since this is the topic of your reading assignment for next time, let me spend the(these) last few minutes of class talking about it. There were several important discoveries in the early part of this century that help(helped) geologists develop a more accurate picture of the earth interior.
The first key discovery had to do with seismic waves. Remember they are the vibrations caused by earthquakes. Well, scientists found that they travel (traveled)thousands of miles through the earth’s interior. This finding enable(enabled) geologists to study the inner parts of the earth. You see, the(these) studies revealed that this vibrations were of two types. Compression or p waves, share or s waves. And researchers found that p waves travel through both liquids and solids, while s waves travel only through solid matter.
In 1906 a British geologist discovered that p waves slowed down at a certain depth. but kept travelling(traveling) deeper. On the other hand, s waves either disappear(disappeared) or were reflected back. So he concluded that the depth marked the boundary between a solid mantle and a liquid core. Three years later another boundary was discovered. That between the mantle and the earth’s crust.
There is still a lot to be learned about the earth. For instance, geologists know that the core is hot, evidence of this is the molten lava that flows out of volcano(volcanoes). But we are still not sure what the source of the heat is.
1. 主题:作业预习, discoveries to study the inner earth
2. discovery 1----vibration: P&S waves
3. discovery 2----boundary solid mantle & liquid core.
4. (总结)仍需学习.作者: 可爱的小草 时间: 2009-11-15 14:31:09
本帖最后由 可爱的小草 于 2009-11-15 14:32 编辑
Climate
Today I want to talk about the earth’s last major climatic shift. At the end of the last ice age.
But first let me(us) back up a moment, and review what we know about climatic change in general. First we defined climate as consistent patterns of weather over significant periods of time.
In general, changes in climate occur when the energy balance of the earth is disturbed. Solar energy enters the earth’s atmosphere as light, and is radiated by the earth’s surface as heat. Land, water and ice each affect this earth energy exchange differently. The system is so complex. That to date, our best computer models are only crude approximations and are not sophisticate enough to test hypothesis(hypotheses) about the causes of climatic change.
Of course, that didn’t stop (doesn’t keep)us from speculating, for instance, volcanic activity is one mechanism that might affect climatic change. When large volvano(volcanoes) erupt, they disperse tons of articles into the upper atmosphere. Where the particles then reflected(reflect) light. Since less light is entering the system of energy exchange. The result will(would) be a cooling of the earth’s surface.
Of course, this is just one possible mechanism of global climatic change. In all probability, a complete explanation would evolve several different mechanisms operating at the same time.
I am glad you brought up the question about our investigtion(s) into the makeup of the earth's interior. In fact, since this is the topic of your reading assignment for next time, let me spend these last few minutes of class talking about it.There were several important discoveries in the inner(early) part this century that help the geologists develop more actual (accurate)pictures of the earth's interior.
The first key discovery had to do with seismic waves, remeber they are the vibrations caused by earthquakes. Well, scientists found that they travel thousands of miles through the earth's interior, this finding enabled the geologist to study the interior(inner) part of the earth. Your see, this study revealed that these vibrations were two types, compression or p-waves, and shear or s-waves. and researchers found that p-waves travel through both liquids and solids, while s-waves travel only through solid matter.
In 1906, a bristish(british) geologist discovered that p-waves slowed down at a certain depth, but can(keeping) travelling deeper. On the other hand, s-waves either disappeared or were reflected back. So he concluded that the depth marked the boundery between a solid mattle and a liquid core. Three years later, another boundery was discovered, that between the mattle and the earth's crust.
There'res still a lot to be leart about the earth. For instance, geologists know the core is hot, evidence of this is the motto(motlen) of lava flows out of volcanos, but we're still not sure what the sources of the heat it is.
文章逻辑：
1.topic: interior part of earth
2.explaination: key discorveries--two examples(p-waves & s-waves)
3.future work: some more need to be studied作者: eric1207_wei 时间: 2009-11-15 14:59:12
本帖最后由 eric1207_wei 于 2009-11-15 15:14 编辑
By 05/12
Climate
today I want to talk about the earth last major climate(climatic) shift at the end of last Ice Age.
But first, let's back up a monment and review our what we know about climate(climatic) change in general. First, we definite climate as consistent patterns of weather over significant periods of time.
In general, changes in climate occur when the energy abounds(balance of) the earth is distubered. Solar energy enters the earth's atmosphere as light and is radiated by the earth's surface as heat. Land, water and ice, each effects the energy change differently. this system is so compelx that to date our best computer models are only could (crude approximations and are not sophisticated enough to) test hyerpec (hypothese)about the causes of climate(climatic) change.
of course, that does not keep us from speculation(speculating). For instance, volcanic activity is one mechansim butthat might effect climate change, when large volcano erupte, they disburse(disperse) tons of particles into the atmosphere, while particles then reflect light, since less light enters the system of energy exchange, the result will be cooling of the earth's surface.
of course, this is just one possible mechansim of gobal(global) climate change. in our probility(all probability), a complete explanation will involve several different mechansim operating at the same time. mechansim是本文基本没有听出来的,还有那很长的一句话 听力的路还很长~~~
文章逻辑：
1.topic: climate change
2.expansion: difinition--complexity--speculation--example
3.future work作者: eric1207_wei 时间: 2009-11-15 15:15:40
本帖最后由 eric1207_wei 于 2009-11-15 15:33 编辑
By 05/12
minerals I'd like to begin by thanking Dr Kane for inviting me to be here today, although I am not a geologist, I have been collected(ing) minerals for years, my collection is very diverse because I travelled all over the world to find them. Today, I bought a few best of them (specimens) for you to see, after I discuss each one I will pass it around, so you can look at it more closely.
As you know, feldspars are most abundant merinals and it are devided into a number of types, the first samples are orthoclases, notice they are very(vary)in color tofrom white to pink to red. This glassy one is found in volconic rock, in fact, I found it in New Mexico on a collection(ng) trip.
This next sample I will pass around is micro(cline) mineral, also called amazonstone, you can identify it by the bright green color, it often used in jewelry and is really quite attractive, the final samples are plagioclas feldspars, many plagioclas were very rare, so I am particularly proud of the varity(variety) in my collection.
I've also brought a few slight(slides of) larger minerals samples, and if you'll turn on lights now, I'd like to show them to you.
文章逻辑：
1.topic: introduction about the some minerals
2.expansion: some sample minerals
3.next: some larger minerals samples will be showed
I am glad you brought up question of our investigation make up (into the makeup of) the earth’s interior. In fact, since this is the topics of your reading assignment for the next time, let us (me) spend the (these) last few minutes of class to talk (talking) about it. There are (were) several important discoveries in the early part of earlier (this) century that help geologists develop (developed) a more accurate picture of the earth’s interior.
The first key discovery has (had) to do with size (seismic) waves. Remember they are the vibrations cased by earthquakes. Well, scientists found that they traveled thousands of miles through the earth’s interior. This finding enabled scientists (geologists) to study the inner parts of the earth. You see, this (these) studies review (reveal) that these vibration were of two types. Compression or P and shear or X wave, and the scientists (researchers) found that the P wave travel through both liquids and solids, while the X wave travel only through solid matter.
In 1906, a British scientist discovered that P waves slowed down at a certain depth but kept traveling deeper. On the other hand, X waves either disappear or were reflected back. So he concluded that the depth marked the boundary between a solid matter (mantle) and a liquid core. 3 years later, another boundary was discovered that between the mantle and the earth’s crust.
There’s still a lot to be learned about the earth. For instance, the geologists notice (know) that the core is hot. Evidence of this is molten lava that flows out from (of) the volcanoes, but we’re still not sure what the source it heated.(of the heat is)
1、主题，reading assignment for next time:study about the earth's interior
2、discovery：P and X
3、discoveries of P and X help determine boundary in the earth's interior
4、 still not sure something作者: CandyWei 时间: 2009-11-15 17:03:19
11月15日 CandyWei 听写作业
关于climatic change
Today, I want to talk about the earth’s last major climatic shift, at the end of the last ice age. But first, let us back up a moment and review what we know about climatic changing in general. First, we define climate as constant (consistent) patterns of weather over significant periods of time. In general, changing (changes) in climate occur when the energy balance of the earth is disturbed. Solar energy enters into the earth’s atmosphere as light and is radiated by the earth’s surface as heat. Land, water and ice each effect (affect) this energy change (exchange) differently. The system is so complex that, to date, our best computer are onlycrude approximation and are not sophisticated enough to test the hypothesis that (about) the causes of climatic change. Of course, that doesn’t keep us from speculating. Volcano activity is one mechanism that might effect climatic change. When large volcanoes erupt, they spurs (disperse) tons of articles into the upper atmosphere, where the articles then reflect light. Since less light enter (is entering) the system of energy change (exchange), the results of (would be a) cooling of the earth’s surface. Of course, this is just one possible mechanism of global climatic change. In all probability, a complete explanation would involve several different mechanisms operating at the same time.
1、主题：about the climatic change
2、define “climate”
3、some hypotheses, for instance, volcano activity
4、还有其他可能影响气候的因素 作者: lxb200709 时间: 2009-11-15 20:01:26
本帖最后由 lxb200709 于 2009-11-15 20:05 编辑
觉悟
地球interior
I’m glad you brought up the question of our investigations into the makeup of the earth’s interior. In fact, since this is the topic of your reading assignment for next time, let me spend the next(these last) few minutes of class talking about it. There were several important discoveries in the early part of this century that help(helped) geologists develop a more accurate picture of the earth interior.' l# j" }3 O" {: b; ` f
The first key discovery had to do with seismic waves. Remember they are the vibrations caused by earthquakes. Well, scientists found that they traveled thousands of miles through the earth’s interior. This finding enable(enabled) geologists to study the inner parts of the earth. You see, the(these) studies review(revealed) that this vibrations were of two types. Conpration(Compression) or p waves and shear or s waves. And researchers found that p waves travel through both liquids and solids, while s waves travel only through solid matter.
In 1906 a British geologist discovered that p waves slowed down at a certain death(depth). but kept travelling(traveling) deeper. On the other hand, s waves either disappear(disappeared) or were reflected back. So he concluded that death(depth) marked the boundary between a solid mantle and a liquid core. Three years later another boundary was discovered. That between the mantle and the earth’s crust.. [4 N+ U( q. M0 p# a A- X! l- ^" U
There is still a lot to be learned about the earth. For instance, geologists know that the core is hot, evidence of this is
the molten lava that flows off(out of) volcano(volcanoes). But we are still not sure what the source of the heat is
Topic: investigations into the makeup of the earth’s interior
Explanation: P,S waves help discovery the depth of the boundary between M&C.
Next: still a lot to learn 作者: lxb200709 时间: 2009-11-15 20:06:23
本帖最后由 lxb200709 于 2009-11-15 20:09 编辑
觉悟
Climate
Today I want to talk about the earth’s last major climatic shift. At the end of the last ice age. :But first let us back up a moment, and review what we know about climatic change in general. First we defined climate as consistent patterns of weather over significant periods of time.* In general, changes in climate occur when the energy balance of the earth is disturbed. Solar energy enters the earth’s atmosphere at night(as light), and as(is) radiated by the earth’s surface as heat. Land, water and ice each affect this earth energy exchange differently. The system is so complex. That today(to date), our best computer models are only crude approximations and are not sophisticate enough to test hypothesis about the causes of climatic change. Of course, that doesn’t keep us from speculating, for instance, volcanic activity is one mechanism that might affect climatic change. When large volcano(volcanoes) erupt, they disperse tons of particles into the upper atmosphere. Where the particles then reflect light. Since less light is entering the system of energy exchange. The result would$be a cooling of the earth’s surface. " [9 X6 B" G- n( `w y
Of course, this is just one possible mechanism of global climatic change. In all probability, a complete explanation would involve several different mechanisms operating at the same time.
来自The one：
第一篇（地球interior）
I am glad you broke (brought) up the question about our investigtion(s) into the make up(makeup) of the earth('s) interior. In fact, since this is the topic of your reading assignment for next time, let me spend these last few minutes of class talking about it.There were several important discoveries in the early part this century that help the geologists develop more*( accurate) pictures of the earth('s) interior.
The first key discovery had to do with *(seismic) waves, remember they are the vibrations keys(caused )by earthquakes. Well, scientists found that they travel thousands of miles through the earth's interior, this finding enabled the geologist to study the inner part of the earth. Your see, this study revealed that these vibrations were two types, (compression) or p-waves, and (shear) or s-waves. and researchers found that p-waves travel through both liquids and solids, while s-waves travel only through solid matter.
In 1906, a british geologist discovered that p-waves slowed down at a certain depth, but kept travelling deeper. On the other hand, s-waves either disappeared or were reflected back. So he concluded that the depth marked the downdery(boundery) between a solid mattle and a liquid core. Three years later, another boundery was discovered, that between the mattle and the earth's crust.
There're still a lot to be leared about the earth. For instance, geologists know the core is hot, evidence of this is the motlen of lawa(lava) flows out of volcanos, but we're still not sure what the sources of the heat it is.作者: lanyouno2 时间: 2009-11-15 23:38:31
来自The one:
第二篇(climate)
Today I want to talk about the earth’s last major climatic shift. At the end of the last ice age.
But first let us back up a moment, and review what we know about climatic change in general. First we defined climate as consistent patterns of weather over significant periods of time.
In general, changes in climate occur when the energy balance of the earth is disturbed. Solar energy enters the earth’s atmosphere as light, and is radiated by the earth’s surface as heat. Land, water and ice each affect this earth energy exchange differently. The system is so complex. That today (to date), our best computer models are only crude approximations and are not sophisticate enough to test popisies(hypotheses) about the causes of climatic change.
Of course, that doesn’t keep us from *（speculating）, for instance, volcanic activity is one mechanism that might affect climatic change. When large volcanoes erupt, they disperse tons of articles into the upper atmosphere. Where the particles then reflect light. Since less light is entering the system of energy exchange. The result would be a cooling of the earth’s surface.
Of course, this is just one possible mechanism of global climatic change. In all probability, a complete explanation would evolve several different mechanisms operating at the same time.作者: lanyouno2 时间: 2009-11-15 23:45:44
来自The one:
第三篇 (minerals)
I'd like to begin by thanking Dr Kane for inviting me to be here today, although I am not a geologist, I have been collected minerals for years, my collection is very diverse because I travelled all over the world to find them. Today, I bought a few basement(specimens) for you to see, after I discuss each one I will pass it around, so you can look at it more closely.
As you know, feelsbar(feldspars) are most abundant merinals and they are devided into a number of types, the first samples are orthoclases, notice they are vary in color to from white to pink to red. This glassy one is found in volconic rock, in fact, I found it in New Mexico on a collection trip.
This next sample I will pass around is micil(cline) mineral, also called emazan (amazon) stone, you can identify it by the bright green color, it often used in jewelry and is really quite attractive, the final samples are plage feelsbar(plagioclas feldspars), many plagioclas were very rare, so I am particularly proud of the variety in my collection.
I've also brought a few slide (slides of) larger minerals samples, and if you'll turn out lights now, I'd like to show them to you.
(3篇文章逻辑待总结）作者: limingscu 时间: 2009-11-16 00:46:40
I'm glad ypu brought up the question of our investigations into the makeup earth's interior. In fact, since this is the topic of your reading assignment for next time. Let me spend last few minutes of class talking about it.
There were several important discoveries in the nearly (early) part of this century that helped geologists develop the (a more) accurate pocture of earth interior. The first key discovery had to do with the microwaves
(seismic waves). Remember, there were (they are)
the vibrations caused by earthquakes. Well, scientists found that they travels(ed) thousands of miles through the earth's interior. This finding enabled geologists
to
find the inner parts of the earth. You see, these studies revealed that these vibrations were two types: compression or p-waves, and sheer or s-wavess. And researchers found p-waves travel through both liquid and solid, while s-wave only travel through solid matter.
In 1906, a British geologist discovered that p-waves slowed
down at certain depth but can
travel
(keep treaveling) deeper. On the other hand, s-wave either disappear or
were
reflected back. So he concluded that the depth might be (marked)
the boundary between solid mantle and liquid core. Three years later, another boundary was discovered-that
between the mantle and earth's crust.
Tehere is still a lot to be learned about the earth. For instance, geologists know that the core is hot. Evidence of this is molten larva
(lava)
that float
(flows out)
vocalnoes. But we are still not sure what the source of heat is.
TOPIC: the earth's interior
(1) Hook
(2) Discovery
2.1 seismic wave
2.2 boundary between mantle and core
2.3 boundary between mantle and crust
(3) still to learn
Today, I want to talk abour earth's last major climate change at the end of Ice Age. But first, let me back up for a moment, and review what we know about climate change in general.
First, we defined climate as consistent pattern of weather over a significant periods of time. In general, changes of climate occur when the energy balance
of earth was disturbed. Solar energy enters atmosphere as light and is radiated by earth surface as heat. Land, water and ice each affects climate change differently. The system is so complex that today's
the
(to date, our) best computer model are only conclude the
(crude)
approximations, and it is
(are not)
sophisticated enough to test
hypotheses
about courses
(causes)
of climate change.
Of course, that doesn't keep us from spectulation. For instance, the volcanic activities is one of the factor that might affect the climate change. When large volcano erupts, they disperse tons of particles
into the upper
atmospheres where the particles then reflect light. Since the last light entering system is exchanged, the result would be the cooling of earth surface.
Of course, this is just one of possible mechanism of global climate change. In all probability, the complete explanation will be (would)
involve with several different mechanisms operating at the same time.
来自03 The Earth’s inerior
I am glad you brought up the question of our investigation (investigations)sinceyouinto the makeupof the Earth’s interior.
In fact—— since this is the topic of your reading assignment for next time ——let me spending thses last few minutes of the class talking about it.
There were several important discoveries in the earl作者: CandyWei 时间: 2009-11-16 12:48:00
11月15号作业 晚交了最后一篇
mineral
I’d like to begin by thanking Dr. Kane for inviting me to be here today. Although I am not a geologist, I have been collected (collecting) minerals for years. My collection is really (rally) diverse, because I’ve traveled all over the world to find them. Today I’ve brought few specimens for you to see. After I discuss each one, I'll pass it around, so that you can look at it more closely.
As you know, feldspars are the most abundant minerals and are divided into a number of types. These first samples are orthoclase. Notice that they are varied (vary) in colors from white to pink to red. These glass (glassy) one is found in volcanic rock. In fact, I found it in New Mexico on a collecting trip.
These (this) next sample that I’ll pass around is a microcline mineral, also called amazons stone. You can identify it by its bright green color. It's often used in jewelry and really is quite attractive.
These final samples are all plagioclase feldspars. Many plagioclase are very rare, so I am pretty (particularly) proud of the variety in my collection.
I also brought few slides of some large mineral samples, and if you’ll return out the light now, I’d like to show them to you.
文章逻辑：
1、showing some specimens from her collection and pass around them
2、第一种 feldspars 有很多颜色，举例，white，pink， red；第二种 microcline mineral 第三种 plagioclase feldspars are rare 3、next：show large mineral sample 作者: eric1207_wei 时间: 2009-11-16 16:13:05
本帖最后由 eric1207_wei 于 2009-11-16 17:45 编辑
By 05/12 fossil fuel
Today I want to dicuss fossil fuel, such as coal, oil and natural gas, the term fossil fuel refers to trapped names(remains) of plants and anminals in settlement(sedimentary) rock.
You see, living plants trap energy from the sun by the process of pothosysthises(photosythesis), and they store their energy in their chemical compounds, most of the energy is released when the plant dies and decoys(dacays). However, sometimes orgonic matter is buried befored it decoys(dacays) completely, in this way, some of the solar energy become trapped in rocks, has(Hence) the name fossil fuel, although the amout of organic matter trapped in anyone growing season is small, they accumulated remains for millions of years are considerable, because the accumulation rate is so slow, many of times slower than the rate which we now dig up this organic matter and burned it for energy, we must consieder fossil fuel as a nonrenewable resources, tommorow we will discuss alternative for fossil fuel that can be renewed.
By 05/12 mountaion
我承认我山的名字听错了，但文本中就不改了，见谅～～～
Long(Not) long ago, some of you may read about a team of mountaion clibming scientists to help to recalcuate the elevation of the highest mountaion in the world, Mountain Alps.Of course, the elevation of Mountain Alps was determined many years ago using traditional surveying methods, but this scientist want to make more precise measurement using a new method that(take advantage of活生生的没有听出来) recent advanced in technology, it's called the Global Positioning System.
The Global Positioning System uses 24 satellites that circle the earth, each of the satellites is constantly sending out sigals and each of signals contains important information, that can be uesed to determine the longitude, latitude and elevation of any point of the earth surface.
well, in order to use this system to caluate Mountain Alps' elevation, scientists need to put special receiver under (on)the summit to receive signals from the satellites, the problems with this is that in the past the receiver were much too heavy for climer to carry, but now the reveiver has been reduced to the size and weight of a hand-handle(head) telephone, so climber were able to take a recevier to the top of Alps, and from there to accurate(access) the satellite system signals that would allow them to determine the precise elevation, and turns out this famous pig(peak) is actually a few feets higher than its priviously thought.
文章逻辑：
1. topic: mountaion elevation surveying
2. expansion: GPS-Mountain Apls
3. finding: higher than thought before
有几个单词真的没有听出来：take advantage of summit access作者: eric1207_wei 时间: 2009-11-16 16:34:54
本帖最后由 eric1207_wei 于 2009-11-16 17:44 编辑
By05/12 earthquake
Now using(you've been) the reading article about the tremendous damage done to life and property by earthquakes, let's widen(That's why seimologist) sciensts just work so hard to develop methods of earthquake prediction.
We can now predict earthquake very well, but the prediction is only located in pontential eara in danger, they don't predict the specific time and location at which the earthquake is likely to occur. Today I want to introduce to you three prediction models that been developed.
The first prediction model looks along earthquake shock(faults), those crakes in the earth's crust, to find what was known as seimic gaps, seimic gaps are the place where fort(faults) and show no or little seimic activities for a long time, this theory posulated(postulates) that such palces are due for a major shock.
The second model relys(relies) on phenomenona, like grand tubflit. using long cylinderical grand tubes containing water, observors notice that grand tub(groud tilt) tend to occur befoe major earthquake, that let them to correctly predict the big high(原来不是单词) quake in 1975, the first seccessful earthquake prediction scientists ever made, a million people were evacuated from that Chinese city before the earthquake strike（struck）. Unfortunately, this method hasn't worked consistently, so we cann't say it been prefected.
The third model is based on the theory major earthquakes closely follow serious（a series of ) minor ones, starting with the measurement and timeing of the smaller quake, a complete formulatedformula calculates the times increased of probability of much larger quake, right now, this method, like the first method, can not predict the specific time and palces, but that may change as it is further developed.
For the moment, none of those models can predict with reasonable levels of confidence.
文章逻辑：
1. topic: earthquake prediction
2. expansion: three prediction models
3. perspective: none one is perfect作者: CandyWei 时间: 2009-11-16 19:50:06
11.16 Candywei
fossil fuel
Today, I want to discuss fossil fuels, such as coal, oil and natural gas. The term "fossil fuels" refers to the trapped the remained （remains） of animals and plants in sedimentary rock. You see, living plants trap the energy from the sun by the process of photosynthesis, and they store their (the) energy in their chemical compounds. Most of this (that) energy is released when the plant dies and decays.
However, sometimes organic matter is buried before it decays completely. In this way, some of the solar energy becomes trapped in rocks, hence the name "fossil fuel". Although the amount of organic matter trapped in any one of grown (growing) season is small, they accumulated remains for million years are considerable. Because the accumulated (accumulation) rate is so slow, millions of times slower than the rate at which is we now dig out (up) this organic matter and burn it for energy, so we must consider fossil fuel as nonrenewable resources. Tomorrow we'll be discussing alternatives to fossil fuel that can be renewed.
Not long ago, some of you may have read about the (a) team of mountain-climbing scientists who helped to recalculate the elevation of the highest mountain in the world, mountain Everest. Of course, the elevation of mountain Everest was determined many years ago, using the traditional surveying methods. But these scientists want to make a more precise measurement using a new method that takes advantage of recent advances in technology. It’s called the global positioning system.
The GPS uses 24 satellites that circle the earth. Each of these satellites constantly sending out signals and the (each) signal contains important information that can be used to determine longitude, latitude and elevation in (of) any point at (on) the world (earth’s) surface.
Well, in order to uses this system method to calculate mountain Everest’s elevation, scientists need to put a special receiver on its submit to receive signals from the satellites. The problem with this is (was) that, in the past, the receivers is (were) much too heavy for climbers to carry. But now these receivers have been reduced to about the size and weight of a handheld telephone, so the climbers were able to take a receiver to the top of Everest and, from there, to access the satellite system signals that would allow them to determine the precise elevation.
And it turns out that the famous peak is actually few feet higher than was the previously thought.
文章逻辑：
1、主题：用新方法重新测量珠穆朗玛峰的海拔
2、新方法是用 information contained in the signals from satellites
3、出现的问题：receiver 太重
4、问题已经解决：Handheld telephone 并且珠穆朗玛峰比之前预想的要高作者: CandyWei 时间: 2009-11-16 19:52:10
11.16 地震
Now, you've been reading articles about tremendous damage down (done) to life and property by earthquakes. That's why seismic geologists (seismologists) have been worked so hard to develop methods of earthquake prediction. We can now predict earthquake fairly well, but the predictions only locate potential area of danger. They can not (don’t) predict specific time and location at which an earthquake is likely to occur. Today I've like (want) to introduce to you three prediction model that have been developed.
The first prediction model is looks along theearthquake fault, those cracks in the earth’s crust, to find what are known as seismic gaps. Seismic gaps are the places where the fault has shown a little or no earth (seismic) activity for a long time. This theory peculate (postulates) that such places are due to a major shock.
The second model relies on phenomena, like ground tilt, using long cylinder (cylindrical) tubes containing water, observe notice (noted) that the ground tilt tended to occur before major earthquakes. That let them to correctly predict the big Haicheng quake of 1975, the first successful earthquake prediction scientists have ever make. A million of people was (were) evacuated from that Chinese city before the earthquake struck. Unfortunately, this method hasn't worked consistently, so we can't say it's been perfected.
The third model is based on the theory that major earthquakes closely follow a series of minor ones. Studying with the measurement and timing of small (smaller) earthquakes, a complex formula calculates the time of increase the probability of a much larger earthquake. Right now, these methods, like the first method, can not predict specific times and places, they may (but that many) change as it is further developed.
For that (the) moment, none of these methods (models) can predict with reasonable levels of comfortable (confidence).
来自03
fossil fuels
Today I want to discuss fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas. The term fossil fuel refers to name ( the trapped remains of ) plants and animals in sendimentary rock. You see living plants trap energy from the sun but ( by ) the process of photosynthesis And they store the energy in their chemical compounds. Most their ( of that ) energy is released when the plant dies and decays. However sometimes organic matter is burned before its cate ( it decays ) commpletely. In this way some of the solar energy becomes trapped in rocks, hence the name fossil fuel. Although the amount of all ( organic ) matter trapped than ( in ) any one growing season is smalland the accumulatedremains for ( from ) millions of years are considerable. Because the acumulation rate is so slow, millions of the times slower than the rate which we now dig up this organic matter and burn it for energy. We must consider fossil fuels as norenewable resources. Tomorrow we'll be discussing all (alternatives ) to fossil fuels that can be renewed.
主题：fossil fuels
细节：the process that plants and animals become fossil fuels
They are norenewable
mountain
Not long ago some of you may have read about the team of the mountain climbing scientists to ( who ) helped to recalculate the elevationof
the highest mountain of ( in ) the world mount everest. Of course the elevation of mount everst was determined many years ago using traditional se ( surveying ) methods. But these scientists wanted to make a more precise measurement using a new method the tace ( that takes advantages of ) recent advances of
the ( in ) technology. It’s called global pression in ( positioning ) system. The global presationing (positioning) system using twenty-four sad lines ( satellites ) thatcircle the Earth. Each of the satellites is constantly andsending out sigals . And each signal contains important information that can be use to determin the longtitude, latitude and elevation of any point of ( on ) the Earth’s surface. While ( well ) in order to use this system to calculate
mount
everest’s elevation , sceintis need to out a
special receiver on its summit to receive the satellites. The problem with this was that in the past the receivers were much too heavey for climbers to carry. But now these receivers have been reduced to about the size of ( and ) the weight of a handheld telephone. So climbers were able to take a receiver to the top of everest and from there to access the satellite system that would allow them to determine the precise elevation and it turns out that
the famous peak is acturally a few feet higher than was previously
thought.
主题：a new way to measure the highest mountain’s elevation
关键细节： put a receiver which is small and light on the peak
结果：the mount is higher than we thought
再接再厉~共勉共勉!!
NO 4
Today, I want to discuss fossil fuels such as coat, oil and nature gas. The turn, (term) fossil fuel refers to trapped remain animals and plant in sedimentary
into rock. You see, the living plants trap energy from the sun by the process of photoshenphses (photosynthesis). And they stored energy in their chemical compounds. Most of the (that) energy is released, when the plants die and decay. However, sometimes organic matter is burned (buried) before it decayed completely. In this way, some of the solar energy becomes trapped into rock, hence the name fossil fuels. Although the amount of the organic maintain trapped in one growing season is small. The acommulated(accumulated) remains from millions of years are considerable. Because the accumulation rate is so slow millions of the time slower than they (the rate) at which we now dig up the organic matter and burn it up for energy. We must consider the fossil fuels as the non-reluable (nonrenewable) resources. Tomorrow, we will discuss alternatives to the fossil fuels that can be renewed.
1 Topic: the fossil fuels
2 Expansion: the fossil fuels
3 The fossil fuels are the nonrenewable resources.
NO 5
Not long ago some of you may have read about the team of mountain clime scientist to who help to recalculate the elevation of the highest mountains in the world: nonever rest (Mt. Everest). Of course the elevation of mountain (Mt. Everest) was metered several years ago, using traditional surveying methods. But these scientists wanted to make a more precise measurement using a new method that takes advantage of recent advances in technology. It is called “global positioning system”.
The GPS are using (uses) the 24 satelites that circle the earth. Each of these satellites is constantly sending
out signals. And each signal contains the important information that can be used to determent the longtitude (longitude), latitude and elevation of any point on the earth‘s surface.
Well, in order to use the
(this) system to calculate mountain rest (Mt. Everest)
. Scientists needed to put the special receiver on its summit to receive signals from the satellites. The problem with these was that, in the past, the receivers were much too heavy for climbers to carry. But now these receivers have been reduced to about the size and weight of a handle telephone, so climbers were able to take a receiver to the top of Everest and, form there, to access the satellite system signals that would allow them to determine the precise elevation. And it turns out that the famous peak is actually a few feet higher than was previously thought.
1 Topic: the fossil fuels
2 Expansion: one advancement technology of calculation mountains: GPS
The advantage of GPS using to calculate Mt. Everest
NO 6
Now you are reading the article about extremely (the tremendous) damage done to life and property by earthquakes. Let us (that’s why seismologists have been) working so hard to develop method of the earthquakes prediction. We can now predict earthquake very (fairly)
well but the prediction only be low rate in (only locate potential areas of) danger. They don’t predict the specific time and location at which an earthquake is likely to occur. Today I will introduce three prediction models that have been developed.
The first prediction model looks like along earthquake waves (fawlts), those cracks in the earth’s crust, to find what are known as seismic gaps. Seismic gaps are places where the fault has shown little or no seismic activity for a long time. This theory point out (postulates) that such places are due for a major shock.
The second model relies on phenomena like ground flit. Using long cylindrical tubes containing water, observers noted that ground title tended to occur before major earthquakes. That led them to correctly predict the big Haicheng (HI CHUNG) quake of 1975, the first successful earthquake prediction scientists have ever made. A million people were evacuated from that Chinese city before the earthquake struck. Unfortunately, this method has not worked cinsistently (consistently), so we can’t say it’s been perfected.
The third model is based on the theory that major earthquakes closely follow a series of minor ones. Starting with the measurements and timing of the smaller quakes, a complex formula calculates at the times of increasing (increased) probability of a much larger quake, right now , the (this) method , like the first method, cannot predict specific times and places, but that may change as it is further development.
For the moment, none of these models can predict with reasonable levels of confidence.
1 Topic: the prediction of earthquakes
2 Expansion: three models about earthquakes
3 None of these prediction models can predict the earthquakes precisely. 作者: gothicsun 时间: 2009-11-16 22:44:46
Listen to a radio talk about the fossil fuels
Today, I want to discuss fossil fuels, such as coal, oil and natual(natural) gas. The term fossil fuel refers to the trapter(trapped) remains of plants and animals in sendimentry(sedimentary) rock. You see living plants tract(trap) energy from the sun by the process of photosynthesis and they stored the energy in their chemical compound(compounds). Most of the(that) energy is released when the plant dies and decays, however, sometime organic matter is varied(buried) before it decayed(decays) completely. In this way, some of the sole(solar) energy become(becomes) trapped in rocks and(---hence) the name fossil fuel. Although the amount of organic matter trapped in anyone growing season is small, they accumulated remains for(from) millions of years are considerable. Because the accumulated(accumulation) rate is so slow, millions of time slower than the rate which we now degap(dig up) this organic matter and vatted(burn it) for energy, we must consider fossil fuel as non-renewable resources. Tomorrow we will discuss alternative(alternatives) to fossil fuels that can be renewed.
1.
topic: fossil fuel and its definition
2.
the formation of fossil fuel
3.
why we consider fossil fuel as nonrenewable resources
4.
tomorrow’s topic: renewable resources作者: 可爱的小草 时间: 2009-11-16 23:25:44
本帖最后由 可爱的小草 于 2009-11-16 23:27 编辑
Today I want to discuss fossil fuels such as coal, oil and nature gas. The terms fossil fuel refers to thetrap(trapped) remains
of the plants and animals in sedimentary rock. You see, living plants trapped(trap) the energy from the sun by the process of photosynthesis, and they store the energy in their chemical compounds. Most of the energy is released after(when) the plants dies and decays. However, some(sometimes) of the organic matter is buried before it decays completely, in this way, some if the energy remains trapped in rocks, hence the name fossil fuel. Although the amount of organic matter trapped in one growing of the season is small, the accumulated remains from millions of years are considerable. Because the accumulation rate is so slow, millions of times slower than the rate at which we now dig up these organic matter and burn it for energy, we must consider fossil fuels as nonrenewable resources. Tomorrow we will be discussing alternatives to fossil fuels that can be renewed.
Now you have been reading articles about the tremendous damage down to life and property by earthquakes. That’s why seismologists have been working so hard on(to) develop methods of earthquakes prediction. We can now predict earthquakes fairly well, but the prediction(s) only locate the potential areas of danger, they don’t predict the specific time and location at which the(an) earthquake is likely to occur. Today I want to introduce to you three prediction models that have been developed.
The first prediction model looks along earthquakes’ faults, those cracks in (the ) earth’s crust, to find what are known as seismic gaps, seismic gaps are the places where the faults have shown little or no seismic activity for a long time. This theory postulates that such places are due for a major shock.
The second model relies on phenomenon, like ground tilt. Using long cylindrical tubes containing water, researchers(observers) noticed(noted) that ground tilt tended to occur before major earthquakes. That led them to correctly predict the big HaiCheng quake of 1975. The first successful earthquake prediction scientists have ever made. A million of people evacuated from the Chinese city before the earthquake erupt(struck). Unfortunately, this method hasn’t work consistently. So we can’t say it is been perfected.
The third model based on the theory that major earthquakes closely followed a series of minor ones. Started with measurements and timing of the smaller quakes, a complex formula calculates the times of increased probabilities(probability) of much larger earthquakes. Right now, this method like the first method, can not predict the specific times and places, but that may change as it is further developed. For the moment, none of the models can predict with reasonable levels of confidence.
海洋学
One reason the oceanographers analyze the sediment on the ocean floor is to see how long trun ( long-term ) changes in Earth’s temperature have effect ( affected ) the depth of the ocean. by analyzing the remains of sea animals in old layers of ocean sediment, oceanographers can determine the depth of the ocean in the past. They’ve analyzed hundreds of such layers, including some from the coldest periods of the Earth's history-the ice ages. What they’ve found is the ( that ) during the ice ages the amount of the water in the ocean decreased. Water levels in the ocean dropped by about 400 feet. Water from the ocean is uppered ( evaporated ) and became frozen in continental glaciers so we ( it ) didn't dream ( drain )back into the ocean.When temperatures eventurally rose again the glaciers melted and the oceans returned to their formal ( former ) depth. Analysis of
sedimentary data indicates that periods of glacial freezing and melting occured in regular circles in 20,000,40,000 and 100,000 years. Oceanographers are intested in the history of sea water levels because they hope to use these ( this ) data in order to. If industry pollutants are capable of heating global temperatures to the point that glaciers begin to melt, it is urgent for us to know precisely how high sea levels will arrive ( rise ) as a result.
主题：analyze the depth of the ocean 细节：the depth of the ocean changes by temperature 目的：predict the possible effect that global warmning can have on
seawater levels
road
The old Canada road is a long lost trail between the Canadian province in the Quebec and Maine in the northest corner in ( of ) the United States.The acess ( Yes, it ) really was lost and finding it again with
( was a ) complex process that involved state of the art technoloy. How the location of the road was piniointed was very interesting and I'll return to it as soon as I’ve given you a little background information.
The road was begun in 1817 a few years before men ( Maine ) even bacame a state. At the time Quebec was a major market for life
start ( livestock ), crops and fish .So a road to Quebec was seen by officials in Maineas necessary for trade. For about 20 years the movement of the people and goods was mostly from main ( Maine ) to Quebec, but then the trend reversed as thousands of Canadians immigrated to Maine
to escape poor crops ,a lack of jobs and the thread]t the disease I think it was a cholera epidemic. Besides these negative reasons major bulding projects in Maine also make ( made ) the state very attractive for the Canadians who needed work. I should stress so ( though ) that immigration during that period went in both directions. In fact the flow of people and goods went
completely and hintered ( unhintered ) there wasn't
even a in trun ( border post ) around 1850. The people of the time saw Maine and Quebec single region mainly because of the stronge flowns ( French influnce ) which is still evident that main ( in Maine ) today. Eventually this use ( the road fell into disuse as a ) major railway was completed. Finally people simply forgot about it and that’s how it came to be lost. This bings me back to the original topic.
主题：the Old Cannada Road 细节：how the road was begun and dispeared
By 05/12
Monticello Before starting our tour Monticello, I'd like to give some historical facts that may(might) help you appreciate what you see today even more.
Monticello was the very much loved home of Thomas Jefferson for over 15 years, Jefferson who, of course was the President, was also a great reader and language linguist(enthusiat). He read widely on different subjects, including architecture, he wasn't formally trained in architecture, but as a result of his study the(and) obersvation of other buildings, he was able to help design and build the house, he chose the site himself nameding the state(estate) Monticello, which means little mountain in Italian, in fact, many ideas behind the design also came from the Italian architect ~~~~, who lived in the 16 century and he had a great influences on architecture of England. Jefferson, however, ignored ~~~~'s principle, that is not to build in a high place, Monticello's elevation made the transportation what was need in that house. For example, food, especially difficult, but the view from the state(estate) was not be as spectalcular, if Jefferson has followed ~~~'s advice, there is really no boundary between the house and the nature around it, so Jefferson could look out the loved state(estate) from the V~~~from this wonderfull wantage point.
One reason oceanographers analyze the sediment on the ocean floor is to see how long-terns changes in earth temperature have affected the depth of the ocean. By analyzing the remains of sea animals in old layer of ocean sediment, Oceanographers can determine the depth of the ocean in the past, the salterlite (they have analyzed) hundreds of such layers, including some from the coldest periods of earth’s history: the ice ages. What they (they’ve) found is during the ice ages the amount of the water in the ocean decreased. Water levels in the ocean dropped by about four hundred feet. Water from the ocean evaporated and become freezing (and became frozen) in continental glaciers. So it did not drain back into the ocean. When the temperatures eventually rose again, the glacier melted. And the oceans returned to their former depths. Analysis of sedimentary data indicates that periods of glacial freezing on mountain (and melting) occurred in a regular cycles of 20,000, 40,000 and 100,000 years. Oceanographers are interested in the history of sea water levels because they holpe to use the sea stored (this history data) data in order to predict the possible effect that global warming would (could) have on sea water levels. If industry of pollutant (industrial pollutant)
are capable of the heating global temperatures to the point of glaciers becomes to melt, it is urgent for us to know precisely how high the sea levels rise as a result.
1 Topic: the changes of ocean’s depth
2 Expansion: 海水在不同时期的增减循环变化,在冰河世纪减少,而随着温度的升高而增加.
3 Oceanographers研究海洋变化,为了预测海平面的变化
* No 8
The old Canada road is a longest (long-lost) trail between the Canada province of Quebec and Maine, in the north corner of the US. Yes, it was really lost, and finding it again was a complex road process that involved state of the art technology. How the location of the road was pinpointed was vary interesting. And I will return to it as soon as I have given you a little background information.
The road was begun at 1870, having (a) few years before Main even the beginning of the sate (even became a state). At the time, Quebec was a major market for livestock, crops and fish. So a road to Quebec seems was seen by officials in Maine as necessary for trade. For about 20 years, the movement of people and goods were mostly main (from Maine) to Quebec, but the train reverse thousands of Canadians immigrated to states to escape poor crops, lack of jobs and the spread (thread) of disease. I think is a cholera epidemic.
Besides the negative reasons, major building project in Maine also made the state very attractive for the Canadian for need (who needed) work. I should stress, though, that immigration during that period went in both directions. In fact, the flow of people and goods went completely unhindered. There was not even a border post until around 1850. The people of the time saw Maine and Qubec as
a single region, mainly because of the strong French influence, which is still
in evident today (evident in Main today).
Eventually, the road fell into
disuse as a major railway was completed; finally, people simply forgot about it and that’s show it came to be lost. This brings me back to the original topic
1 Topic: the road of Quebec and Maine in Canada
2 Expansion: introduce the situation, influence of the road
3 the road disused finally
No 9
Scientists are always on lookout up for alternative source of energy. Today, we are going to discuss on that’s so plentiful they say it could supply more energy than all the than all the coat and oil in the world. It is finding (found in) something called gas hydrate, and believe it or not that is one (a) kind of ice.
That is right, but, the water in the ice was wet (way) down below the earth’s surface when it was frozen. With so it was under a lot of pressure. And trapped inside the crystal of ice are individual molecules of methane. That is what is in natural gas.
All makes gas hydrate pretty strange stuff. If you touch a match to the piece of this ice, it will burn (burst) into flame. And when geologists bring a chunk of it up to the surface of study at normal of air pressure and temperature, gas hydrate begins to hiss and babloe (bubble), and in less than a half and a hour the ice melts and the methane inside escapes into the air.
Now, as you might guess, this can make gas hydrate kind of hard for milers (miners) to handle. And then there is the problem of where it’s located? In frozen Actica (arctic) regions or in ocean waters off the Atlantic coast, and up to a mile down.
Environmentalists are warning (warn) minding (mining) it could be even be disastrous. Offshore drilling could allow seawater to seep down into the huge icy deposits and release tons of methane up into the atmosphere. And methane, our listeners may recall, is a green house gas that could really worsen the problem of global warming.
Marine
Listen to part of a talk in an oceanography class
One way (reason) that oceanographer (oceanographers) analyze the sediment on the ocean floor is to see how long terms changes in earth (Earth’s) temperature have effect the depth of the ocean. By analyzing the remains of sea animals in old layers of ocean sediment, oceanographers can determine the depth of the ocean in the past. They‘ve analyzed hundreds of such layers, including some from the coldest periods of earth (Earth’s) history--the ice ages. What they‘ve found is that during the ice ages the amount of water in the ocean (oceans) decreased. Water levels in the ocean dropped by about 400 feet. Water from the ocean evaporated and became frozen in continental glaciers, so it didn't drain back into the ocean. When temperature (temperatures) eventually rose again, the glaciers melted and the oceans returned to their former depth (depths). Analysis of sedimentary data indicates that periods of glacier (glacial) frazing (freezing) and melting occurred in regular cycles of 20 thousand, 40 thousand and 100 thousand years. Oceanographers are interested in the history of sea water levels because they hope to use these (this) historical data in order to predict the possible effect that global warming could have on sea water levels. If industry or pollluten (industrial pollutants) are capable of heating global temperatures to the point that glaciers began to melt. It is urgent for us to know precisely how high sea levels will rise as a result.
1.
topic: analyzing the depth of the ocean
2.
expansion: sediment -> sea water levels in the past
Ice ages: sea water level decreased, continental glaciers raised.
regular cycles
3.
purpose: evaluate the effect of global warming作者: lanyouno2 时间: 2009-11-17 23:32:21
本帖最后由 lanyouno2 于 2009-11-18 13:15 编辑
这两天都是课，还是把11月16日的听写续传上，可能会弄乱顺序，大家见谅。
地球科学 第四篇
Fossil fuels:
Today, I want to discuss fossil fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas. The term" fossil fuel "refers to trapped(trapt) remains animals and plant in settlemetary(sedimentary) into rock.
You see, living plants trap energy from the sun by the process of photosynthesis. And they stored energy in their chemical compounds. Most of the (that) energy is released, when the plant dies and decades(decays). However, sometimes organic matter is vary(buried) before it decades(decays) completely. In this way, some of the solar energy becomes trapped in rock, and(hence) the name fossil fuels. Although the amount of the organic maintain trapped in anyone(any one) growing season is small. The accumulated remains millions of years are considerable. Because the accumulation rate is (so) slow millions of the time slower than the rate at which we now dig up the organic matter and burn it for energy. We must consider the fossil fuels as the nonrenewable resources. Tomorrow, we will discuss the alternative(alternatives) (to) the fossil fuels that can be renewed.
这两天都是课，还是把11月16日的听写续传上，可能会弄乱顺序，大家见谅。
地球科学 第五篇 Mountain
Not long ago, some of you may have read about the team of mountain-climbing scientists through（who） helped to recalculate the elevation of the highest mountain in the world, mountain Everest. Of course, the elevation of mountain Everest was determined many years ago, in(using) the traditional (surveying) methods. But these scientists want to make (a) more precise measurement using a new method that is advanced resonning advantage of technology( takes advantage of recent advances in technology). It’s called the global positioning system.
The GPS uses 24 satellites that circle the earth. Each of these satellites constantly sending out signals and the each signal contains important information that can be used to determine longitude, latitude and elevation in (of) any point on earth’s surface.
Well, in order to uses this system method to calculate mountain solervation(Everest’s elevation), scientists need to put a special receiver on its submit to receive signals from the satellites. The problem with this is was that, in the past, the receivers were much too heavy for climbers to carry. But now these receivers have been reduced to about the size and weight of a handheld telephone, so the climbers are(were) able to take the(these) receivers to the top of Everest and, from there to access the satellite signals that would allow them to determine the precise elevation.And it turns out that the famous pee(peak) is actually feel(few feet) higher than they previously thought.作者: lanyouno2 时间: 2009-11-17 23:52:11
本帖最后由 lanyouno2 于 2009-11-18 13:13 编辑
第六篇 earthquake
Now you have been reading articles about the temental(tremendous) damage down to life and property by earthquakes. That’s why pycomology(seismologists) have been working so hard to develop methods of earthquakes prediction. We can now predict earthquakes very(fairly) well, but thepredictions only locate the potential areas of danger, they don’t predict the specific time and location at which the(an) earthquake is likely to occur. Today I want to introduce to you three prediction models that have been developed., U D" ^1 Q# u
0 r, a9 [) ^$ x6 M5 n/ d) F- S
The first prediction model looks along earthquakes’ faults, those craps(cracks) in%the earth’s crust, to find what are known as seismic(下同) gaps, seismic gaps are the places have shown little or no seismic activity for a long time. This theory part a rates(postulates) that such places are due for a major shock.
$ U. T/ D# a1 u& W. Q; v
The second model relies on phenomena, like ground tilt. Using long suringal(cylindrical) tubes containing water,observers known(noted) that ground tilt tended to occur before major earthquakes. That led them to correctly predict the big HaiChung quake of 1975. The first successful earthquake prediction scientists have ever made. A million of people evacuated from the Chinese city before the earthquake struck. Unfortunately, this method hasn’t work consistently. So we can’t say it has been effective(perfected).
The third model based on the theory that major earthquakes closely followed a series of mine ones(minor ones). Started with measurements and timing of the smaller quakes, a complex formula calculates the times of increased probability of much larger earthquakes. Right now, this method like the first method, can not predict the specific times and places, but that may change as it is further developed. For the moment, none of the models can predict with reasonable levels of confidence.
作者: CandyWei 时间: 2009-11-18 00:01:49
11.17 听写 CandyWei
One reason oceanographers analyze the sediment on the ocean floor is to see how long (long-terms) changes in earth's temperature how to (have) effect (affected) the depth of the ocean. By analyzing the remains of sea animals in the old layers in (of) the ocean sediment, oceanographers can determine the depth of the ocean in the past. They’ve analyzed hundreds such layers, including some from the cold (coldest) periods of the earth's history, the ice ages. What they’ve found is that during the ice ages, the amount of water in the ocean decreased, water levels in the ocean dropped by about four hundred feet. Water form the ocean evaporated and became frozen in continental glaciers, so it didn't drain back into the ocean.
When the temperatures eventually raised (rose) again, the glaciers melted and the oceans returned to the (their) former depths.
The analysis of glacier (sedimentary) data indicates that the periods of glacial freezing and melting occurred in regular circles of 20,000, 40,000 and 100,000 years.
Oceanographers are interested in the history of seawater levels, because they help (hope) to use these (this) historical data in order to predict the possible effect that the global warming could have on seawater levels. If industrial pollute (pollutants) are capable of heating global temperature to the point that glaciers begin to melt, it is urgent for us to know precisely how high seawater levels will raise as a result.
这篇文章都快把我听哭了，几乎都没听出来……
The old Canada road was （is）a long lose (long-lost) trail between the Canadianprovince of Quebec and Maine, in the northest (northeast) corner of the United State. Yes, it really was lost, and found (finding) it again by the complete technology (was a complex process) that involved state-of-the-art technology. How the location of road was pinpointed was very interested, and I’ll return to it as soon as I've give you a little background information.
The road was begun in 1817, a few years before Maine even became a state. At that （the） time, K (Quebec) was the (a) major market for life (livestock) , crops and fish, so a road of (to) K (Quebec) was seen by officials in Maine as necessary for trade. For about 20 years, the movement of people and goods was mostly from Maine to K (Quebec).
But then the trend reversed as thousands of Canadians immigrated to Maine to escape topoor crops, a lack of job and the threat of disease. I think it was a cholera epidemic.
Besides these negative reasons, the major building projects in mate also made the state very attractive for Canadians who needed work. I should stress, though, the (that) immigration during that period went to (in) both directions. In fact, the flow of people and good went completely hinderd (unhindered). There wasn’t even a border post until around 1850. The people of the time saw Maine and Quebec as a single region, mainly because of the strong French influence, which is still evident in Maine today.
Eventually, the road fail (fell) into use (disuse) as major real way (railway) was complete. Finally, people simply forget about it, and that's how it became (came) to be lost. This brings me back to the original topic作者: infish2008 时间: 2009-11-18 19:01:14
累啊~ 坚持!
No11
Since we have been discussing alternative fuels lately, I want (wanted) to introduce pass on to you some information that I read about a new fuel that’s been in the news a lot lately. It’s called A-21.
It’s composed the water and chemical known as naphtha. It is seeing (seems to) be very promising fuel because they (it’s) much cleaner than that we used today. That is not to say that it does not pollute, but is cleaner. A-21 is not like some other of alternative fuels that require completely new types of engines. A-21 still works in regular, every day can basin (combustion) engines like the one in cars , with only minor mechanical modifications. So change over would not
be a big dill.
You may doubt some of these claims as many researchers have. Some people feared because contain 45% water it would be freezing (freeze) in winter. But a small amount of antifreeze was added to it, and that seems to have solved the problem.
A-21 has recently undergone street tests in buses in Reno, Nevada. So far it seems to work just fine. This is a good thing especially in Nevada. Because the sate government there has passed a lot of (law) requiring that a large of percentage of vehicles in Nevada run on alternative fuels. A-21 should help.
1 Topic introduction of the new fuels A-21
2 Expansion: the characters of A-21: it is more cleaner than other fuels； 更换燃料方便；含水量高达45%，易结冰，加入抗冻剂可以解决。
3 The application of A-21 in Nevada as the bus fuels.
No12
The winds of a tornado are the most violent and destructive ones on earth. Any of you have seen one knows very well how the one is (frightening) and powerful they are. What is interesting about them is that scientists do not actually know exactly why the tornadoes occur.
We do know, however, what happens when the tornados are formed. As you remember a front occurs when the cool dry air from the north meets the warm humid air coming from the south. Form the place (Gulf) of Mexico for the tornadoes of the (in the) US. Where these airs masses meet, a narrow zone of storm clouds develops, and thunderstorms, and the (sometimes) tornado occurs.
How is the violent pressure (weather) produced? Will, a mass of warm humid air rises very rapidly. As it rises, more warm rush air into the places, this is in rushing air also rises and the especially when this happened, the rotated force the tornado.
Even if you’ve seen tornadoes only in moves, they know that they can demolish buildings in seconds. This is possible, because when the tornado passed over a house, it is souce (sucks up) airs from around the house. So the air pressure outside of the house drops rapidly, inside pressure remains the same. So, air pressure inside is greater than the air pressure of outside. It was (the result is that ) the buildings explodes outward. Next we will talk a little bit about how new technological developments are being used to try to predict the tornados.
1 Topic: how dose the tornado occur?
2 2 Expansion: two different airs meets (the cool dry one and the warm humid one) to produce the air pressure. Talk about that the broken of the tornado to buildings.
3 To talk about how to predict the tornadoes using techniques. 作者: happyfaith2008 时间: 2009-11-18 21:27:18
本帖最后由 happyfaith2008 于 2009-11-19 19:58 编辑
11月18号作业
19号
地震 ( 先把偷懒没做的补上，嘿嘿！)
Now you’ve been reading articals about tremendous damage done to life and property by earthquakes. That’s why seismologists to be ( have been ) working so hard to develop methods of earthquake prediction. We can now predict earthquake very ( fairly ) well but predictons only locate potential areas of danger. They don’t predict this ( specific ) time and location at which an earthquake is likely to occur. Today I want to introduce to you three prodiction models that have been developed. The first prediction model looks along earthquake fawlts, those cracks in the earht’s crack to find what are known as seismic gaps are places where the fault has shown little or no seismic activity for a long time. This theory postulates that such places are due for a major shock. The second model relies on phenomena like ground tilt, using long cylindrical tubes containing water. Observers noted that ground tilt tended to occur before major earthquakes. That led them to corectly predict the big Haicheng quake of 1975. The first succussful earthquake prediction scientists have ever made. A million people were evacuated from that Chinese city before the earthquake struck. Unfortunately this method hasn’t worked consistently. So we can’t say it has been perfected. The third model is based on the theory that major earthquakes closely follow a series of minor ones starting with the measurements and timing of the smaller quakes. A complex formulacalculates the times of increased probability of a much larger quake. Right now the first method can not predic specific times and places, but that may change as it is further developed. For the moment none of these models can predict with reasonabel levels of confidence.
主题： 预测地震的方法
细节：三种方法都不太好，没有能准确测出地震时间地点
第九篇 能源
Scientists are always on the lookout for alternative sources of energy. Today we are going to discuss one that is so plentiful they sayit could supply more energy than all the coal and oil in the world. It’s found in something is called gas hydrate and believe it or not it's ( that’s ) a kind of ice. That's right. But the water in this ice was way down below the Earth's surface when it was frozen. So it was under a lot of pressure.And trapped inside the crystalsof ice are individual moleculesof methane.That's what's in natural gas. All this makes gas hydrate pretty strange stuff. If you touch a match to a piece of this ice, it will burst in the ( to ) flame.And when geologists bring a chunk of it up to the surface to the study its ( at ) normal air pressure in temperature. gas hydrate begins to hiss and bubble. And it lasts ( less than ) half an hour. The ice melts the methane inside escapes in the air. Now as you might guess this can make gas hydrate kind of hard for miners to handle.And then there is the problem of where it is located in frozen arctic regions or in ocean watersoff theAtlantic coast and up to a mile down. Enironmentalists warn that mining it could even be disastrous . Offshore drilling could allow seawater to seep down into the huge icy depositsand release tons of methane up into the atmosphere. And methane, our listeners may recall is a greenhouse gas that could really worsen the problem of global warming.So gas hydrate may offer some interesting possiblities but with all these drawbacks I am not going to hold my breath waiting for it to fuel my furnace.
主题：gas hydrate
细节：below the Earth
under a lot of pressure
a kind of ice
burst into flame
结果：a kind of greenhouse gas
第十一篇 能源
Since we’ve been discussing alternative fuels lately I wanted to pass on the use ( to you some ) information I read about a new fuel has ( that’s)been a news a lot lately. It is called A21. It’s composed of water and a chemical known as naphtha . It seems to be very promising fuel because it’s much cleaner than the gas we used today. That’s not to say that it doesn’t pollute ,but it’s cleaner. A21 isn’t like some other alternative fuels that require completely new types of engines .A21 still works in regular everyday combustion engines like the ones in cars with only minor mechanical modifications. So changing over wouldn’t be a big deal. You may doubt some of these claims that many researchers have. Some paople feared that bacsuse it contians about 40% of water. It would freeze in the winter but a small amount of antifreeze was added to it and that seems to have solved the problem. A821 has recently udergone street tests buses in Reno so far it seems to work just fine. This a good thing especially in Nevada because the state government there has passed a law requirng taht a large of vehicles in Nevada run on alternative fuels A21 should help.
主题：A21
细节： composed of water and naphtha
claner and would freeze in winter
works just fine in Neno作者: lanyouno2 时间: 2009-11-18 22:05:54
本帖最后由 lanyouno2 于 2009-11-18 22:14 编辑
第11篇 能源
Since we have been discussing alternative fuels lately, I want (wanted) to introduce pass on to you some information that I read about a new fuel that’s been in the news a lot lately. It’s called A-21（8-21，晕都听成这样了，下同）.
It’s composed the water and chemical known as naphtha. It is seems to be very promising fuel because it’s much cleaner than that we used today. That is not to say that it does not pollute but it is cleaner. A-21 is not like some other of alternative fuels that require completely new types of engimes(engines). A-21 still works in regular, every day can combustion engines like the one in cars , with only minor mechanical modifications. So change over would not be a goog deal.
You may doubt some of these claims as many researchers have. Some people feared because contain 45% water it would be freezen in winter. But a small amount of antifreeze was added to it, and that seems to have solved the problem.
A-21 has recently undergone street tests in buses in Reno, Nevada. So far it seems to work just so fine. This is a good thing especially in Nevada. Because the sate government there has passed a law requiring that a large of percentages of vehicles in Nevada run on alternative fuels. A-21 should help.
Topic:A new fuel-A-21;
explaination:The application of A-21.
Conclution and next plan:focus on some nomenclatures.作者: lanyouno2 时间: 2009-11-18 22:50:57
本帖最后由 lanyouno2 于 2009-11-18 22:56 编辑
第12篇 Tornado
The winds of a tornado are the most violent and destructive ones on the earth. Any of you have seen one knows very well how frightening and powerful they are. What is interesting about them is that scientists do not actually know exactly why the tornadoes occur.
We do know, however, what happens when the tornados are formed. As you remember a front occurs when the cool dry air from the north meets the warm humid air coming from the south. Form the Gulf of Mexico for the tornadoes of the in the US. Where these airs masses meet, a narrow zone of storm clouds develops, and thunderstorms, and sometimes tornado occurs.
How is the velin(violent) weather produced? Will, a mass of warm humid air rises very rapidly. As it rises, more warm rush air into the places, this is in rushing air also rises and the especially when this happened, the rotated force the tornado.
Even if you’ve seen tornadoes only in movies, you know that they can monish(demolish) buildings in seconds. This is possible, because when the tornado passed over a house, it is sucks up airs from around the house. So the air pressure outside of the house drops rapidly, inside pressure remains the same. So, air pressure inside is greater than the air pressure of outside. As a result is that the buildings is blowed out( explodes outward).
Next we will talk a little bit about how new technological developments are being used to try to predict the tornados.
Topic: how dose the tornadoform?
Expansion:explain the prosess of formation of tornado.
Next plan:加强瞬间记忆能力。作者: CandyWei 时间: 2009-11-19 15:51:40
交晚了 11.18 听写
Since we’ve been discussing alternative fuels lately, I wanted to pass on to you some information I read about a new fuel that’s been in the news a lot lately. It's called A-21.
It’s composed of water and chemical know as naphtha. It seen (seems) to be a very promising fuel because it is much cleaner than gasoline that we use today. That’s not to say it doesn't pollute, but it is cleaner. A-21 isn't like some other alternative fuels that require completely new type of en (engines). A-21 still works in regular, everyday combustions engines, like the ones in cars with mechanical modification. So changing over wouldn't be a big deal.
You might doubt some of these claims as many researches (researchers) have. Some people feared that because it contains about 45 percentage (percent) water it would freeze in the winter. But a small amount of antifreeze was added into it, so (and that) seen (seems) to have solved this problem.
A-21 has recently undergone three (street) test since (in) buses in Reno, Nevada. So far it seems to work just fine. This is a good thing, especially in Nevada, because the state government there has passed the (a) law that require (requiring) a large percentage of vehicles in Nevada run on alternative fuels, A-21 should help.
The winds of tornado are the most violated (violent) and destructed (destructive) ones on the earth. Any of you who might see (have seen) one knows very wellthat how frightening and powerful they are. What is interesting about themis that scientists don’t actually know exactly why the tornados occur. We do know, however, what happens when tornados are formed. As you remember, a front occurs when cold (cool), dry air from the north means (meets) warm, humid air coming from the south, from gulf of Mexico, for tornados to (in) the united state. Where these air masses meet, a narrow zone of storm clouds develops, and thunderstorms, and sometime tornados, occur.
How was (is) this violent weather produce? Well, a mass of warm, humid air raise (rises) rapidly. As it raises (rises), more warm air rushes in to the places (replace) it. This rushing (inrushing) air also rises, and in some cases, especially when they are (there is) extreme thermal instability, begins to rotate. When this happens, the rotating air forms a tornado. Even if you’ve seen tornados only in moving (movies), you know that they can demolish buildings in seconds. This is possible because when a tornado passes over a house, it sucks upair for (from) around the house and so the air pressure outside the house drops rapidly. Inside, pressure remains the same. So, the air pressure inside is greater than the air pressure outside. The result is that the building explodes outward. Next, we'll talk a little bit about how new technological developments are being used to try to predict tornados
1、主题：tornado 知道形成，但是不知道为什么会发生
2、介绍Tornado的发生 cool dry air meet warm humid air
3、介绍为什么tornado会造成这么大的伤害
air inside is greater than the air outside
4、Next: technological development to predict tornado作者: CandyWei 时间: 2009-11-19 16:02:20
11.18 听写（登录月球和火星）
Located in （at） NASA research center in Iowa is a 5,000-gallon vat of water, and inside the water (tank) is an underwater treadmill designed by DN, an aerospace engineer. For four years, DN observed scuba divers as they simulated as walking on the moon and on marks on her under water moving belt. She wanted to discover how the gravity of moon and of mars would affect human movement.
To do this, Newman attached weights to the divers and then lowered them into the tank and onto the treadmill. These weights were carefully adjusted so that the divers could experience on underwater the gravity of the moon and of the mars as they walked on the treadmill. DN concluded that walking on the Mars will probably be easier than walking on the moon. The moon has less gravity than Mars does, so at lunar gravity, the divers struggled to keep their balance and walked awkwardly. But at Martian gravity, the divers have (had) greater attraction (traction) and stability and could easily adjust the (to) the pace to (of) 1.5 miles per hour. As DN gradually increased the speed of the treadmill, the divers took longer, graceful strides until they comfortably settled into an even quicker pace. DN also notice (note) that at Martian gravity, the diver needed less oxygen.
The data DN collected will help in the future design in (of) Martian space suits. Compared to lunar space suits, Martian space suits will require smaller air tanks; and to allow for free (freer) movement, the elbow and knee areas in (of) the space suits will also be altered.
1、主题：用treadmill 模拟在moon和mars上行走
2、Discover how gravity affect human movement，Gravity in moon less than mars
3、Data help in future design of Martian spacesuits 作者: happyfaith2008 时间: 2009-11-19 21:13:26
本帖最后由 happyfaith2008 于 2009-11-19 21:19 编辑
tornado
The winds of a tornado are the most violent and destructive ones on Earth. Any of you who have seen one knows very well how frightening and powerful they are. What’s interesting about them is that scientists don’t actually know exactly why tornados occur. We do know however what happens when tornados are formed. As you remember a front occurs when cool, dry air from the north meets warm humid air coming from the sourth. from the Gulf Mexico for tornado in the United State. Where these air masses meet a narrow zone of storm clouds develops, and thunderstorm and sometimes tornados occur. How is this violent weather produced? Well a mass of a warm, humid air rises very rapidly. As it rises more warm air rushes in to replaces it. This inrushing air also rises, and in some cases, especially when there is a extreme thermal instability, begins to related. When this happens, the retating air forms a tormado. Even if you’ve seen tormados only in movies, you know that they can demolish buildings in seconds. This is possible because when a tornado passes over a house, it sucks up air from around the house and so the air pressure outside the house drops rapidly. Inside, pressure remains the same. So, air pressure inside is geater than air pressure outside. The result is that the building explodes outward. Next, we’ll talk a little bit about how new tachnological developments are being used to try predict tornados.
主题：tornado
细节：cool dry air meets warm humid air
demolish buildings in seconds作者: tina-gao 时间: 2009-11-19 21:32:30
登陆月球和火星
Located at the NASA Research Center in Iowa is a 5,000-gallon vat water, and inside the tank is an underwater treadmil designed by Dava Newman, an aerospace engineer. For four years Newman observed scuba divers as they simulated walking on the Moon and on Mars on her underwater moving belt. She wanted to discover how the gravity of the Moon and of Mars would affect human movement.
To do this, Newman attached weights to the divers and then lowered them into the tank and onto the treadmill. These weights were carefully adjusted so that the divers could experience underwater the gravity of the Moon and of Mars as they walked on the treadmill. Newman concluded that walking on Mars will probaly be easier than walking on the Moon. The Moon has less gravity than Mars does, so at lunar gravity, the divers struggled to keep their balance and walked awkwardly. But at Martian
gravity, the divers had greater traction and stability and could easily adjust to a pace of 1.5 miles per hour. As Newman gradually increased the speed of the treadmil, the divers took longer, graceful strides until they comfortably settled into an even quicker pace. Newman also noted that at Martian gravity, the divers needed less oxygen. The data Newman collected will help in the future design of Martian space suits. Compared to lunar space suits, Martian space suits will require smaller air tanks; and, to allow for freer movement, the elbow and knee areas of the space suits will also be altered.
Most people think of astronomers
as people who spend their time in cold observatories peering
through telescopes every night. In fact, a typicalastronomer spends most of his or her time analyzing data and make
(may) only be at the
telescope a few weeks
in
(of)
the year. Some of astronomers work on purely
theoretical problem and never use a telescope at all.
You might now
(not)
know how weried
(rarely)
images
to
(are)
viewed derectly throught telescope. The most common way to observe the skies is to photogragh them. The process is very simple. First, the
(a)
photogragh place
(photographic plate) is coated with a light-sensitive material. The plate is positioned so that the image recieved by telescope is recorded on it. And then the image can be develop, large
(enlarged) and published, so that
many people can study it.
Because many
(most)
astronomical objects are very remote, the light we recieve from them
is rather feeble. But by use
(using) telescope
in
(as) a camera, long time exposures can be made. In this way, objects can be photographed that are hundreds times too faint to be seen by just lookin through a telescope.
1、对天文学家的误解，observe——analyze data
2、天文观测的过程
3、用telescope as camera 的优点作者: CandyWei 时间: 2009-11-20 15:08:35
Thank you. It is great to see so many of you is interesting in this series on "survival in outer space". Please excuse the cameras, we have been (we're being) videotaped from the local TV stations.
Tonight, I am going to talk about the most basic aspect of survival, the space suit. When most of you imagine an astronaut, that is probably the first thing that comes to mind, right? Well, without space suits, it would not be possible for us survive in space. For example, outer space is a vacuum, there is no gravity or air pressure. Without protection, a body would be explode. What's more, we'd cook in the sun and (or) freeze in the shade with tempeartures rang (ranging) from a toasting (toasty) 300 dgrees above to a cool 300 dgrees blow zero Fahrenheit.
The sapce suit that NASA has developed is truely a marvel. This photo enlargement here is a life-size image that (of) an actual space suit worn by astronauts on the last shuttle mission. This part is T. It's make (made) up of 7 extremely durable layers. These (this) thick insulation protects against temperature extremes and radiation. Next is what they calles "B"of oxygen, that is an inflatable sac, filled with oxygen, to simulate atmospheric pressure. This B protects (presses) against body with the same force as the earth's atmosphere sea level. The innermost layers provide liquid cooling and ventilation. Despite all the layers, the suit is flexible, allowing free movement, so we can walk.
Another really sophisticated part of space suit is H. I brought one along to show you. Can I have a volunteer come and demonstrate?
1、主题：space suits
2、Outer space is vacuum, 而且条件艰苦
3、Space suit的三个组成部分（T、B、innermost part)
4、Show H作者: CandyWei 时间: 2009-11-20 15:45:09
11.19 （舞蹈）
Good evening, my name is PJ and on behalf of modern dance club.
I'd like to welcome you to tonight's program. The club is pleased to present the TV version of "kw", "T rock ballet". This video veison of ballte has been even more successful with audience than the original theather production. It include slow motion, animation and stop-action freezes that really help andience understand the dance.
The title of the piece refers to K, who died on wheel in 307 AD. Nowadays, KW is also a kind of firework, it looks something like pinwheel. Anyway,the dance is certainly full of fireworks. You see how T explores one family's attempt to confrot the violence in modern life. The center symbol of the work is pineapple. But it exactrly what it present has always created a lot of controversy. As you watch, see if you can figure it out.
The music for this piece is full of the rhythmic energy and (of) rock music. It was composed by DB of the rock band talking heads. And the lead dancer in this version is S, who is perfectly suited for (to) T's adventure (adventurous choreography).
Following the video, the dance teacher will lead a discussion about the symbolism Mrs T use. We hope you can stay for that. So enjoying tonight's video and thank for your support.
1、主题：TV version of ballet
2、Tile and content
3、Music and lead dancer
4、Next: discussion about symbolism T use作者: happyfaith2008 时间: 2009-11-20 22:56:52
本帖最后由 happyfaith2008 于 2009-11-20 23:03 编辑
迟来的作业
来自03
宇航服
Thank you. It’s great to see so many of you interested in this series on “Survival in Outer Space”. Please excuse the cameras- we’re being vidotaped for the local TV stations.
Tonight I’m going to talk about the most basic aspect of survival- the space suit. When most of you imagine an astronaut, that’s probably the first thing that comes to mind, right? Well, without spaces suits, it would not be possible for us to survive in space. For example, outer space is a vacuum- there’s no gravity or air pressure; without protection, a bady would explode. What’s more, we’d cook in the sun or freeze in the shade- with temperatures ranging from a toasty 300 degrees above to a cool 300 degrees below zero Fahrenheit. The space suit that NASA has developed is truly a marvel. This photo enlargement here is a life-size of an actual space suit worn by astronauts on the last sapce shuttle mission protects against temperature extremes and radiation. Next is what they call a “bladder” of oxygen- that’s an inflatable sac, filled with oxygen, to simulate atmospheric pressure. This bladder presses against the body with the same force as the Earth’s atmosphere at sea level. The innermost layers provide liquid cooling and ventilation. Despite all the layers, the suit is flexible, allowing free movement so we can work. Another really sophisticated part of the space of the space suit is the helmet. I brought one along to show you. Can I have a volunteer come and demonstrate?
主题：宇航服
细节：为什么要宇航服?
gravity air pressure temperature and radiation oxygen作者: CandyWei 时间: 2009-11-21 14:57:36
继续晚交作业………………:lol
11.20 （Monticello）
Before we starting our tour of Monticello, I’d like to give you some historical facts that might help you appreciate what you see today even more.
Monticello is (was) the very much loved home of J for over 50 years. J, who was, of course, was a president, with (was) also a great reader and language enthusiasm. He read widely on different subjects, including architecture. He wasn’t formally trained in architecture, but as a result of his study of (and) observing (observation of) other buildings, he was able to help design and build the house. He chose the site himself, naming” Monticello”, which is mean “little mountain” in Italian. In fact, many of ideas behind the design also came from Italian architect P, who lived in the 16s and who had a great influence on the architecture of England. However, J ignored one of P’s principle, that is not to build in a high place. Monticello’s elevation made the transportation of what we needed at the house, for example food, especially difficult. But the view from the state (estate) would not be particular (spectacular) if J had followed P’s advice. There is really no boundary between the house and nature around it. So J was able to look out on his beloved state of Virginia from his advantage (wonderful vantage) point.
Now, we’ll go on to J’s library.
1、
主题：Monticello 的历史背景
2、
J，a president, design the house, even he wasn’t trained architecture.
3、
房子没有遵循意大利建筑家的建议：不要在高出建房子
4、
但正是由于没遵循，Monticello 才独特
5、
Next：参观library作者: CandyWei 时间: 2009-11-21 14:58:29
11.20 （thatching）
Welcome to the Four Winds Historicalsystem farm, where traditions of the parts (past) are preserved for visitors like you. Today, our master thatching will begin giving this bar behind me a sturdy thatched roof, able to stand (withstand) heavy winds and last for (up to) hundred years. How do they do it? Well, in a nutshell, thatching involves covering beams or rafters, the wooden skeleton of a roof, with reeds and S. Our thatches here have harvested their own natural materials for the job. The boundary (bundle) of water reeds you see lying over there beside the barn.
Thatching is certainly uncommon in the United State today. I guess that’s why so many of you have come to see this demonstration. But it wasn’t always that way. In 17s, the colonist here thatched their roofs with reeds and S, just as they had done in England. After a while, though, they began to replace the thatch with wooden shingles because wood was so plentiful. And eventually, other roofing material like stone, slate, and clay tiles came to use.
It is a really (real) shy (shame) that most people today don’t realize how strong and long lasting a thatched roof is. In Ireland, where thatching is still practiced, the roofs can survive winds of up to110 miles per hour. That is because the reeds and S are so flexible. They bend but don’t break in the wind like other materials can.
Another advantage is that the roofs keep the house cool in the summer and warm in the winter.
And then, of course, there is the roof’s longevity. The average is 6 year, but they can last hundreds years. With all these reasons to study (start) thatching roof again, wouldn’t it be wonderful to see this disappearing craft return to popularity.
1、主题：thatching roof
2、Thatching roof的历史及组成材料（reeds and S）
3、优点：withstand winds and longevity作者: CandyWei 时间: 2009-11-21 14:59:23
11.20 (coffee)
A lot of people in the United State are coffee drinkers. Over the last few years, a trend has been developing to introduce premium, specially blended coffees, known as G coffee, into the American market.
Boston seems to have been the birthplace of this trend. In fact, major G coffee merchants from other cities, like Seattle or San Francisco, came into Boston, but (where) today they’re engaged in a kind of “coffee war “ with Boston’s merchants. They are all competing for a significant share of G coffee market.
Surprisingly, the competition among these leading G coffee businesses will not hurt any of them. Experts predict that G coffee market in the United State is growing and will continue to grow, to the point that G coffee will soon catch (capture) half of what’s now a 1.5-million-dollar
and will be an 8-million-dollar market by 1999.
Studies have shown that coffee drinker who convert to G coffee seldom go back to the regular brands found in supermarket. As a result, these brand will be the real loser in G coffee competition.
1、
主题：G coffee
2、
Competition in Boston
3、
G coffee will to grow and people don’t want go back the regular brand作者: happyfaith2008 时间: 2009-11-22 22:02:08
本帖最后由 happyfaith2008 于 2009-11-22 22:41 编辑
作业继续迟来。。。。。。:L
来自03
天文学
Most people think of astronomers as people who spend their time in cold abservatories peeringthrough telescopes every night. In fact, a typical astronomer spends most of his/ her time analyzing data and may only be at the telescope a few weeks of the year. Some astronomers work on purely theeoretical problems and never use a talescope at all.
You might not know how rarely images are viewed directly through telescopes. The most common way to observe the skies is to photogragh them. The process is very simple. First, a photigraphic plate is coated with a light-sensitive material. The plate is positioned so that the image received by the telescope is recorded on it. Then the image can be developed, enlarged, and published so that many people can study it.
Because most astronomical objects are very remote, the light we receive from them is rather feeble. But by using a telescope as a camera, long time exposures can be made. In this way, objects can be photographed that are a hundres of times too faint to be seeen by just looking through a telescope.
错的越来越少了！呵呵！每天进步一点点！作者: happyfaith2008 时间: 2009-11-22 22:46:20
Monticello
Before starting our tour of Monticello, I’d like to give you some historical facts that might help you appreciate what you see today even more.
Monticello was the very muvh loved home of Thomas Jefferson for over fifty years. Jefferson, who was, of course, President, was also a great reader and language enthusiast. He read widely on different subjects, including architecture. He wasn’t formally trained in architecture, but as a result of his study and observation of other buildings, he was able to help design and build the house. He chose the site himself, naming the estate “Minticello,” which means “little mountian” in Italian. In fact, many of the ideas behind the design also came from the Italian architect Andrea Palladio, who lived in the sixteenth century and who had a great influence on the architecture of England.
Jefferson, however, ignored one of Palladio’s principles——that is, not to build in a high place. Monticello’s elevation made the transportation of what was needed at the house——for example, food——especially difficult. But the view from the estate would mot be as spectacular if Jefferson had followed Palladio’s advice; there really is no boundary between the house and the nature around it, and so Jefferaon was able to look out on his beloved state of Virginia from his wonderful vantage point.
Now we’ll go on to Jefferson’s library.作者: happyfaith2008 时间: 2009-11-22 22:56:40
本帖最后由 happyfaith2008 于 2009-11-22 23:24 编辑
再来一篇，嘿嘿！:lol
来自03
舞蹈
Good evening. My name is Pam John, and on behalf of the Modern Dance club, I’d like to welcome you to tonight’s program. The club is pleased to present the TV version of The Catherine Wheel, Twyla Tharp’s rock ballet. This video version of the ballet has been even more successful with audiences than the original theater production——it includes some animation, slow motion, and stop-action freezes that really help the audience understand the dance.
The title of the piece refers to Saint Catherine, who died on a wheel in 307 A.D. Nowadays, a Catherine wheel is also a kind of friework——it looks something like a pinwheel. Anyway, the dance is certainly full of fireworks! You’ll see how Twyla Tharp explores one family’s attempt to confront the violence in modern life. The central symbol of the work is a pineapple...but exactly what it represents has always created a lot of controversy. As yo watch, see if you can figure it out.
Following the video, dance teacher Mary Parker will lead a discussion about the symbolism Ms.Tharp used. We hope you can stay for that. So, enjoy tonight’s video...and thank you for your support.作者: infish2008 时间: 2009-11-23 11:55:23
先写今天的作业, 还欠下的三篇!!
2009/11/23
No 11 Architect
In today class, we will be examining some 19th century pattern books that was (were) used to (for) building house. I think it is very important of the pattern books with the most important influence on the design of North American houses during the 19th century.
This was because the most people who wanted to build house could not afford for hiring the architect. Instead, they bought the pattern books, picture down (pick out) a plan and took it to the builder. The difference in cause (cost) is substantial. In 1870 for the example, hiring an architect what would cost about 100 dollars, at the same time, a pattern books rent (written) by the architect only cost 5 dollars.
At that price, it is easy to see why pattern books were so popular. Some of pattern (are back in)
print again today, and they of course cost a lot more than they did a hundred years ago. But they are an invaluable resource for historians, and also for people who restore old houses, I have a modern reprint here that I will be passing around in a moment, so that everyone can have a look.
Topic: the pattern books
Expansion: the patter books are very useful for building houses
Cost less money than that of hiring a architect
At present, the houses are invaluable
No 12 Women
Last week, we talk about A Bradstreet and all (the role) of women in the colorless (Puritan colonies). Today, I wan to talk about anther (some other) women who have contributed the American history, some famous and some not so famous. The first woman I want to talk about is M P, those of you who are familiar with the name may know her as a hero in the American Revolution. But in fact there was no (never was) a woman
named of MP, her really name was actually MLH. She got the nickname MP for her acts of bravely during the revolution war.
As the story goes, when the M&J ‘s husband John. H was enlisted in the artillery Mary followed like other many wives did. She helped on doing wash and cooking for the soldiers. She was none (known) to be a pretty unusual woman, she smoked the pipe and chewed tobacco.
Anyway, in the summer 1778, at the battle on the mainland (of Monnouth), it was a blistering hold day, maybe over 100 degrees. And 50 soldiers died of thirst during the battle. M was not constantly to stay back at the camp. Instead, she ran through the guns shouting and cannon fires carrying water and pitchers from a small streams out to the thirsty American soldiers. They relieved that she brought with the pitchers of water, give the legendary nickname MP. The story also says that she continued to load and fire her husband after he was wounded. They say she was so real (well) liked by the other soldiers that they called her SM. In fact, the legend has it that G.W himself gave the special military title
Topic: the woman MP
Expansion: the legend of Molly Pitcher.
Sending water with pitchers in the American Revolution, and saving many soldiers
No 13 Yellow Stone Park
Welcome the Yellow Stone National Park. Before we begin the natural walk today, I will give you a short story of national park services. The national park services began at 1800. A small group of explorers had just completed a month long exploration of the region is now yellow stone. They gathered can fire (campfire), and after hours’ discussion, they decided that they should not claim this land themselves. They felt it should be accessible to everyone.
So they began a campaign to preserve this land for everyone’s enjoyment. Two years later, in the late 19th century, and an active (act) congress decided (signed) by president Ulysses S. Grant proclaimed the yellow stone region a public park. It was the first national park in the world. After the Yellow Stone became the public park, many other areas of significant (great scenic important) were set aside and in 1916 the national park services was established to the manage these park.
As a park ranger, I am exploring in the national park service. In a national park, park rangers are on duty at all times to answer questions and help visitors in any difficulty. Nature walks, guided tours, and campfire talk are offered by specially training staff members. The park service also protects the animals and plants within the park.
Topic: the yellow stone national park
Expansion: why was the Yellow Stone Park established? In order to mange the place,
The duties of the ranger in yellow stone park, help the visitors and protect the animals and plants in this park. 作者: CandyWei 时间: 2009-11-23 15:54:40
最近有事耽误了，欠了好几天的作业
先发11.21的作业
今天会陆续补上
（艺术史）
You may remember that a few weeks ago we discussed the question of what photography is. Is it art, or is it a method of reproduction of (reproducing) images. The (Do) photographs belong in music (museum) or just in our homes. Today, I want to talk about a person who tried to make his professional life and (an) answer to such questions.
S went to (from) the united state to the German to study engineering. When (While) he was there, he became interested in photography and began to experience (experiment) on (with) his camera. He took pictures on (under) conditions that most photographers considered too difficult. He took them at night, in the rain, and of people and objects reflected in the windows. When he returned to the united state, he continued these revolution (revolutionary) efforts. S was the first person to photograph skyscrapers, clouds and views from an airplane.
What S was trying to do in these photographs was what he tried to do throughout his life, make photograph an art. He thought (felt that) photography could be just as good a form of self-expression as painting or drawing. For S, his camera is his brush. When many photographers in (of) the late 1800’s and early 1900’s thought of their work were (as a) reproduction of identical images. S thought his is (as a) creative art form. He understood the power of camera to catch the moment. In fact, he never retouched his prints or made copies of them. If he were in this classroom today, I am sure he’d say “well, painters don’t normally make extra copies of their paintings, do they?
1、a few weeks ago, talk about photography
2、主题：a person who took pictures in different ways
3、he took pictures at night…….he thought photography is a creative art form作者: CandyWei 时间: 2009-11-23 15:55:36
11.21 （人物）
So, as Jim said J was the eleventh president and what (well) my report’s about the next president, T.
T was elected in 1849. It was surprising because (well) he was the first president who (that) didn’t have any previous political experience. The main reason he was chosen as a candidate was because he was a war hero.
In the army, his men called him “Old Rough and Ready”, I guess because of his “rough edges”. He was kind of blunt and he didn’t really look like a war (military) hero. He liked to things like wear civilian cloth and (instead of a) uniform, even in battle. He was so short and plump he had to be lifted up onto his horse. But he did when he was in (win a lot of battle). He became more and more popular. So the wing party decided to nominate him for presidency, even though no one knew about where he took on issues.
I couldn’t find much about his accomplishments, probably because he was only in office about a year and half before he died. One thing, he putted (pushed for) the development of the transcontinental railroad because he thought it was important to form a link of (with) West Coast. There are a lot of wealth in C, or O and from commerce and mineral and stuff. And also, he established an agricultural bureau in the apartment of interior and promoted more government aids to agriculture.
Well, that’s about all I found. Like I said, he died in office in 1850. So his vice president took over and that’s the next repot.
1、
主题：president T who is the first president didn’t have political experience
2、
T被选举的原因：war hero, winning a lot of battle
3、
Hard to find his accomplishment because he was in office a year and half before he died
4、
One thing, he develop the railroad, promote more government aid for agriculture 作者: CandyWei 时间: 2009-11-23 15:56:23
11.21 （历史事件热气球）
I want to welcome each of (and every) balloon enthusiast to Philadelphia. Thank you for coming in this morning to commemorate the first balloon voyage in the united state. On January 9, 1793, at ten o’clock in the morning, a silk balloon lifted into the skies above this city, which was, at the time, capital of the country.
According to the original records of fly (flight), the voyage lasted 46 minutes, from its departure in Philadelphia to its landing across D river in N. Though our polite today will try to approximate the original landing site, there is (are) a (at) the mercy in (of) the wind. So who knows where they were they’ll drifted off to. Even the balloonist in 1793 experienced some uncertain whether that day, there were clouds, fogs and mist in various directions.
Our reenactment promises to be nothing less than spectacular. The yellow balloon directly behind me is 5 storied high. It’s inflated with healing (helium), unlike the original, which was filled with hydrogen and unbeknownst to the pilot, potentially explosive. Gas filled models are pretty uncommon now because of its extremely high cost. So the eighty other balloons in today’s launch are hot air heated by propane burner. These balloons are from all over the country.
1、
主题：commemorate the first balloon voyage in united sate and approximate the original landing
2、
由于风的原因，不能确定降落的地点
3、
现在的热气球与过去的不同作者: binyan1987 时间: 2009-11-23 17:34:26
Let’s proceed to the main exhibit hall and look at some of the actual vehicles that have played a primary (prominent) role in speeding up the mail delivery. Consider how long it used to take to send a letter across a relatively short distance. Back in the 1600s it took two weeks on horseback to get a letter from Boston to NY, a distance is (of) about 260 miles. Crossing river was also a challenge. Ferry service was so irregular that a carrier would sometimes wait hours just to catch a ferry. For journeys inland, there was always stagecoach, but the ride was by no means comfortable because it had to be shared with other passengers. The post office was pretty genius (ingenious) about some words (routes). In the 19s, in the southwestern desert, for instance, camels were brought in to help get the mail through. In Alaska, reindeer were used. This practice was discontinued because of the disagreeable temperament of these animals.
We’ll stop here for a minute, so that you can enter this replica of a railway mail car. It was during the age of the Iron Horse that delivery really started to pick up. In fact, the united state transported most bulk mail by train for nearly 100 years. The first airmail service didn’t start until 1918.
Please take a few minutes (moments) to look around. I hope you’ll enjoy your tour. And as you continue on your own, may I suggest you visit our impressivephilatelic collection. Not only can l you look some of the more unusual stamps issues, but there is an interesting exhibit on how our stamp are made.
1、
主题：development of mail delivery
2、
过去遇到的困难
3、
Next： philatelic and how stamp are made作者: CandyWei 时间: 2009-11-23 21:26:16
11.22 （城市发展）
Today, we’ll examine the role that the primary (private) transportation, namely automobile, plays in city planning.
A number of sociologists blame automobile for the decline of downtown areas in (of) major cities. In the 1950’s and 1960’s the automobile make it possible to work in the city and yet live in suburbs many miles away. Shopping pattern has changed. Instead of patronizing downtown stores, people in the suburb went to large shopping malls outside the city and closer to home. Merchants in city failed and their shop closed. Downtown shopping area became deserted.
In recent year, there is been a rebirth in (of) downtown area, as many suburbanites move back to city. The downtown (they’ve done this), of course, to avoid highways clogged with commuters from suburbs.
I’ve chosen this particular city planning problem, our dependence on private transportation, to discuss in groups. I am hoping of all you will come up some innovative solutions. Don’t approach the problem from period (a purely) sociological perspective, try to take into account environmental and economic issue as well.
1、
主题：planning city problem-------automobile
2、
People tend to live in suburb and went to shopping mall outside of city, results: merchant in city failed
3、
People move back to city because the traffic jam
4、
Next: come up with solution from environmental and economic issue 作者: CandyWei 时间: 2009-11-23 21:26:52
Thatching
Welcome to the Four Winds Historical Farm, where traditions of the past are preserved for visitors like you. Today, our master thatches will begin giving this barn behind me a sturdy thatched roof able to withstand heavy winds and last up to a hundred years. How do they do it? Well, in a nutshell, thatching involves covering the beams or rafters——the wooden skeleton of a roof——with reeds or straw. our thatches here have harvested their own natural materials for the job——the hundles of water reeds you see lying over there beside the barn.
Thatching is certainly uncommom in the United State today. I guess that’s why so many of you have come to see this demonstration. But it wasn’t always that way. In the seventeenth century, the colonists here thatched their roofs with reeds and straw, just as thry had done in England. After a while, though, they began to replace the thatch with wooden shingles because wood was so plentiful. And eventually, other roofing materials like stone, state, and clay tiles came onto use.
It’s a real shame that most people today don’t ralize how strong and long lasting a thatched roof is. In Ireland, where thatching is still practiced, the roofs can survive winds of up to one hundred ten miles per hour. That’s because straw and reeds are so flexible. They bend but don’t break in the summer and warm in the winter. And then, of course, there’s the roofs’ longevity——the average is sixty years, but they can last up to a hundred. With all thses reasons to srtart thatching roofs again, wouldn’t it be wonderful to see this disappearing craft returrn to opoularity?作者: xhwth 时间: 2009-11-23 22:17:07
再接再厉赶作业！555555
来自03
历史类第五篇
Photography
You may remenber that a few weeks ago we discussed the queation of what photography is. Is it art, or is it a method of reproducing images? Do photographs belong in museums or just in our homes? Today I want to talk about a persom who tried to make his professional life an answer to such questions. Alfred Stieglitz went from the United State to Germany to study engineering. While he was there, he became interested on phptpgraphers and began to experiment with his camera. he took pictures under comditions that most photographers considered too diffcuilt——he took them at night, in the rainm and of people and objects reflected in wondows. Whrn he returned to the United State he continued thses revolutionary efforts. Stieglitz was the first person to phtigraph skyscrapers, clouds, and views from an airplane.
What Stieglize was trying to do in these photogtaphs was what he tried to do throughout his life make phptpgraphy an art. He felt that photography could be just as good a form of self-expression as painting or frawing. For Stieglitz, his camera was his brush. While many photographers of the late 1800’s and early 1900’s thought of their work as a reproduction of indentical images, Stieglitz saw his as a creative art form. He understood the power of the camera to capture the moment. In fact, he never retouched his prints or made copies of them. If he were in this classroom today, I’m sure he’d say, “Well, painters don’t normally make extra copies of their paintings, do they?”作者: happyfaith2008 时间: 2009-11-23 23:21:24
继续补作业
来自03
第三篇Coffee
A lot of people in the United States are coffee drinkers. Over the last few years a trend has been developing to introduce premium, specially blended coffees knows as gourmet coffees into the American market. Bosten seems to have been the birthplace of this trend. In fact major rourmet coffee merchants from other citis like Seattle and Francisco came to Bosten, where today they are engaged in a kind of coffer war
with Bosten’s merchants. They are all competing for a significant share of the gourmet coffee market. Surprisingly the competition among these leading grourmet coffee business will not hurt any of them. Experts prefict that the gourmet coffee market in the United State is growing and will continute to grow to the point that gourmet coffee will soon capture half of what is now 1.5million dollars market. And will at 8 million dollars by 1999. Studies have shown that coffee drinkers who convert to gourmet coffee seldom go back to the regular brunds in supermarkets. As a result these brunds will be the really loser of the
gourmet coffee competition.
我又来交作业啦！
来自03
第六篇 人物
So as Jim said James Polk was the 11th president and my report is about the next president ZacharyTaylor. Taylor was elected in1849. It’s surprising because he was the first president that didn’t have any previously plolitical expericence. The main season he was chosen as a candidate bacause he was a war hero. In the army his men called him “old rough and ready.” I guess because of his rough edges.
He was kind of blunt and didn’t really look like a military hero. He liked to do things like weared civilian clothes instead of a uniform even in battle. He was so short and plump he had to be lifted up onto his horse. But he did win a lat of battles and he became more and more popular. So the Whig party decided to nominate him for the presidency. Even though knew anything about where he stood on the issues. I couldn’t find much about his accomplishments. Probably because he was only in office a year and a half before he died. But one thing he pushed for the developing of the transcontinental railroad. Because he thought it was important for westcoast. There was a lot of wealth in California and Oregon from commerce and minerals and stuff. Also he established an agriculture bureau in the Department of the Interior and promoted more government aid to agriculture. Well that’s about all I found. Like I said he died in office in 1850. So the vice president took over and that’s next report. So thank you.
主题：这位美国总统
细节：a war hero , very short,
railroad to West Coast
made a great contribution to agriculture
in office a year and a half
结束：下一位总统作者: happyfaith2008 时间: 2009-11-24 18:46:29
本帖最后由 happyfaith2008 于 2009-11-24 18:51 编辑
我补我补我接着补！
来自03
第七篇 历史事件/热气球
I want to welcome each and every balloon enthusiast to Philadephis. Thank you for coming here this morning to commemorate the first balloon voyage in the United State. On January 9, 1793, at ten o’clock in the morning, a sild balloon lifted into the skies above this city, which was, at the time, the capital of the country.
According to the original records of the flight, the voyage lasted forty-six minitues, from its daparture in Philadelphia to its landing across the Delaware River in New Jersey. Though our pilots taday will try to approximate the original landing site, they’re at the mercy of the winds, so who knows where they’ll drift off to. Even the balloonist in 1793 expericenced some uncertain weather that day. There were clouds, fog, and mist in various directions.
Our reenactment promises to be nothing less than spectacular. The yellow balloon directly behind me is five stories high. It’s inflated with helium, unlike the original, which was filled with hyfrogen and, unbeknownst to the pilot, potentially explosive. Gas-filled models are pretty uncommom now because of the extremely high cost, so the eighty other balloons in today’s launch are hot air, heated by propane burners. These balloons are from all over the country.
这篇速度好快！快听崩溃了！随时准备拿刀叉自己！
来自03
第八篇 邮政
Lte’s proceed to the main exhibithall and look at some of the actual vehicles that hace played a prominent role in speeding uo mail delivery. Consider how long it used to take to send a letter across a relatively short distance. Back in the 1600’s it took two weeks on horseback to get a letter from Bosten to New York, a distance of about 260 miles. Crossing a river was also a challenge. Ferry service was so irregular that a carrier would sometimes wait hours just to catch a ferry. For journeys inland, thaere was always the stagecoach, but the ride was by no means comfortable because it had to be shared woth other passengers. The post office was pretty ingenious about some routes. In the nineteenth century, in the Southwestern desert, for instance, camels were brought in to help get the mail through. In Alaska, reindeer were used. This practice was discontinued because of the dis agreeable temperament of these animals. We’ll stop here a minute so that you can enter this replica of a railway mail car. It was during the age of the Iron horses that delivery really started to pick up. In fact, the United States transported most bulk mail by trains for nearly one hundred years. The first airmail service didn’t start until 1918. Please take a few moments to look around. I hope you’ll enjoy your tour. And as you continute on your own may I suggest you visit our impressve philatelic collection. Not only you can look some of the more unsusal stamps issues but there is an interesting exhibit on how stamps are made.
主题：mail
细节：send mails by horse, ferry , train and air
vist the collection of stamps
大家要加油哦！作者: happyfaith2008 时间: 2009-11-24 19:34:40
本帖最后由 happyfaith2008 于 2009-11-24 20:35 编辑
每天进步一点点！
来自03
第九篇 城市发展
Tiday we will examine the role that private transportation namely the automobile plays in city planning. A number of sociologists blame the automobile for the decline of the downtown areas of major cities. In the 1950s and 1960s the automobile made it possible to work in the city and yet live in the suburbs many miles away. Shopping patterns changed instead of patronizing downtown stores people in surburbs went to large shopping malls outside the city and closer to home. Merchants in the city failed and their stores closed. Downdown shopping areas bacame deserted. In recent years there has been a rebirth of the downtown areas as many suburbanites
have moved back to the city. They’ve done this of course to aviod highways clogged with commuters from the suburbs. I’ve chosen this particular city planning problem our dependence on private transportation to discuss in groups I am hoping you all will come up some innovative solutions. Oh, and don’t approach the problem from a purely sociological perspective.. Try to take into account environmental and ecomomic issues as well.作者: syk1984720 时间: 2009-11-25 00:11:43
本帖最后由 syk1984720 于 2009-11-25 00:16 编辑
呵呵，新来的报个道先。刚开始听写，真是一塌糊涂，花花绿绿的。再接再厉！
第十四篇 钟表
from 贝
I’m sure almost every one of you looked at
the(your) watch or at a (look the) clock before you came to (the) class today. Watch(Watches) is a
(and)
clock(clockes)
seems(seem) much a part of our life as breathing and(or) eating. And yet did you know the watchs(watches) and clocks were scarce in the United States untile(until) the 1850’s?
In the late 1700’s, people didn’t know the exact time unless they were near a clock. Though(Those) delightful clocks in the squares of European towns were built for the public--After all most citizens simply couldn’t afford the personal time peace(timepiece).
While
to (Well into) the 1800’s--in Europ(European) and the United States--the main purpose of a
watch, which, by the way was often on the go-chain(a gold chain), was to show others how wealthy you were.
The word “ wristwatch” didn’t even ended(enter) the English language untile(until)
merely(nearly) 1900. By then the rapid pace of the industry(industrialization) in the United States men(meant) that measuring time has become essential. How could the factory worker gets(get to) the work on time unless he or she knew exactly what time it was?Sinceefficiency was not(now)
measure(measured) by how fast the(a) job was done, everyone was interested in time. And since industrialization made possible the manufacture of large quality(quantities) was good(of goods), Watchs(Watches) became fearly(fairly) and expensive. Furthermore, electric lights keptfactories going around the clock. Being on time have(had) entered the language and life of every citizen
1.引入topic—watch and clock
2.History of watch in the Europe and the United State: almost everyone had no watch.
3.The reason of the manufacture of watch:measuring time and industrialization.作者: syk1984720 时间: 2009-11-25 00:22:38
So, why did what is now called “modern in dance” begin in the United States? To begin to answer this question, we(I’ll) need to back track(backtrack) a little bit and talk about classical bellet(ballet).
By the late 1800’s, bellet(ballet) had losted(lost) a lot of its popularity. Most of the bellet(ballet) dancers who performed in the United States were over(brought) from the Europe. They performed using the reagen thecnic (rigid techniques) that had been passed down through the centuries. Audiences and dancers in the United States were eager for their own,“contemporary”dance form. And, so, around 1900, dancers created one.
So, how is the (was this) “modern” dance so different from classical bellet(ballet). Almost(Well, most) notably, it wasn’t carefully choreographed. in stead(Instead) the dance depended on the propazation(improvisation) and free, personal expression of the dancers. Using were(Music and scenery were of) little importance to the modery in(modern) dance--and like(lightness of movement) was so(wasn’t) important neither. In fact, modery in(modern) dancers made no attempt at all to conceal the effort that evolve(involved) in the(a) dance step.
But even if the impropozations(improvisation)the peal(appealed) to audiences, many dance critics were less than the enthusiastic about the performances. The question they are and(They questioned the artistic integrity) of dancers who were not perfessional(professionally) trained and they are artistic value of works that have(had) no formal structure. Loie Fuller, At the(after) performing Fire Dance, was discribed(described) as doing little more than turning “round and round like any eggbeater”. Yet, the free, personal expression of pioneer dancers is the bases(basis) of the control(controlled) freedom of modern dance today.
1.topic: modern dance, classical ballet
2.18世纪的芭蕾舞
3.The difference between modern dance and classical ballet.
4.The positive and negative aspect of the modern dance作者: happyfaith2008 时间: 2009-11-25 15:39:25
第十篇 人物
Before we began our tour I’d like to give you some background information on the painter Grand Wood w’ll be seen much of hist work today. Wood was born 1881 in Iowa farm country,
and became interested in art very early in life. Although he studied the air in both the M and at the Art Institute of Chicago. The strongest influences on his air were in European. He spent his time both Germany and France and he studyed there helped shape his own stylized form in realisim.
When he returned to I Woon applied this stylistic realism he had learnt in Europe to the rural life he saw around him that he remebered from his childhood around the turn of the centry.His farm families imitate the static formalism of photographs of early setters posed in front of their homes. His paintings of farmers at work and of their tools and animals demostrate a serious respect for the life in the Midweatern United States.By the 1930s Wood was leading figure of the school of art called the American regionalism.In an effort to sustain a strong midwestern artistic movement Wood established an institute of midweatern art in his home state. Although the institute failded the paintings you are about to see preserve Wood’s vision of pioneer farmers.
主题：the artist Wood
细节：born in a farm
studied in both Amerocan And Europe
paintings are about the rural life around him on the farms作者: happyfaith2008 时间: 2009-11-25 16:18:31
本帖最后由 happyfaith2008 于 2009-11-25 19:04 编辑
这是我听过的最简单的一篇。但是还是有很多小地方没听出来。
来自03
第十一篇 建筑
In today's class we will be examining some 19 century pattern books that were used for building houses.I think it's fair to say that these pattern books were the most important influence on the design of the North American houses during the 19 century. This was because most people who wanted to build a house couldn't afford to hire an architect. Instead they bought a pattern book picked out a plan and took it to the builder. The difference in cost was substantial. In 1870 for example hiring an architect would’ve cost about 100 dollars. At the same time a pattern book written by an architect cost only about 5 dollars. At that price it's easy to see why pattern books were so popular. Some are back in print again today and of course they cost a lot more than they did 100 years ago. But they are an invaluable resource for historiansand also for people who restore old houses. I have a modern reprint here that I will be passing around the room in a moment so that every one can hava a look.
主题: pattern books about building houses
细节: couldn't afford an architect
hire one 100 $ and buy a pattern book 5$
some are printed again today
professor will show a modern reprint作者: syk1984720 时间: 2009-11-25 22:18:24
本帖最后由 syk1984720 于 2009-11-25 22:21 编辑
再发 听写一篇真够慢的。。。刚开始吧
第十九篇(钱币)
I was really glad when you(your club) invite(invited) me to share my coin collection. It’s been my passion since I collected my first Lincon(Lincoln cent) in 1971. That’s the current penny when(with) Abaham Lincon(Abraham Lincoln’s) image. Just a little history before I started(start in) my own collection. Lincon(Lincoln pennies) are made of copper, and they were the first United States coin to bear the likeness of the(a) president. If we(It was) back in the 1909 when the country was celebrating the centennial of Lincon’s(Lincoln’s) birth in the 1809. But(that) the decision was made to redesign the one cent piece in his honor. Before that the peny(penny) had the(an) American and Indian head on it. The new peny(penny) was designed by artist Victor David Branor(Brenner). This is interesting because he put the nitional BDB(his initials V.D.B) on the reverse of the coin in the(his) regional design. There was a general upward(uproar) when the nitional was(initials were) discovered and only a limited number of the coins were struct(struck) with the
nitional(initials) on them. Today a peny(penny) with the initials from the San Francisco Mint… called the 1909-SVDB…It worths(is worth) over 500 dollars. Now when I started my coin collection, I began with the peny(penny) for several reasons. There were a lot of them (several hundred billion have been minted)…and there were a lot of people collected(collecting) them. So I had plenty of people to trade with and talk to about my collection. Also it was a coin I could
for(afford to) collect as a young teenager. In the 25 years since then, I have managed to acquire over 300 coins, some of them very vare(rare). I’ll be sharing with you today some of my vare speci(rarer specimens) including the 1909SVDB.
主题: coin collection
细节: the penny with Abraham Lincoln’ image
the design of the penny
the reason why she collect coin作者: syk1984720 时间: 2009-11-26 10:13:23
本帖最后由 syk1984720 于 2009-11-26 10:15 编辑
第十六篇(人物摄影家)
That’s an interesting question, Tom. Women did participate in the early day’s(days of) motion- picture making. What(One of) the most standing(outstanding) is Lois Weber. She is credited as the first consistently successful woman film director.
In the early 1900’s when she first arrived in the Hollywood, Ms. Weber made a serious(series) of experimental sound films. Now this was almost 20 years before modering(modern) talking pictures with(were) developed. The dialog(dialogue) for her movie was recorded on photograph records and then scincronize(synchronized) with the action on the movie screen--vert inervative(very innovative) for that time.
In addition, Weber felt whether the(that) movie should be educational as well as the entertaining. She made several highly controvational(controversial) movies which(that) deal with the moral and social issues every day(of her day). And some of her most controvational(controversial) work can dress(addressed) issues of particular interest to women. Unforturnatly(Unfortunately), Weber died in 1939, just the(as) Hollywood was beginning to make films aimed primarily at female audiences. Which brings me to my next point?
依然是一片红绿....不知道要多久才能像你们那样啊
第十七篇(comics book)
There was(Now let’s) focus on the comics in the 1950’s. Early in the decades(decade) sales were down, so publishers started to look(looking) for some new angles(angle) to get the readers’ attention(readers interested) again. They found what they were looking for with horrow(horror) comics--stories about gohsts(ghosts) and demons
they(that) were often graphically violet(violent).
Before along(long), the most of the major publishers were printing horrow(horror) comics--but the(it) all can(came) to an end a few years later. You see, there were(was a) phycologists(psychologist) mend(named Frederic Wertham) who claimed that
the comic books--the horrow(horror) books in particular--were bad influence on children and turned them into the juvennial(juvenile) delinquents. Wertham even wrote a book called Seduction of the Innocent The seen from the college it is(that showed specific scenes from comics that he thought were a) particularly bad influence on kids.
Wertham wasn’t the only one down on comics. The United States sent some commity(Senate Subcommittee) on juvenile linquency(delinquency) also released to(a) report very critical commens(of comics). The result of all
There(this fuss) was the creation of the comics cold thority(Comics Code Authority) in 1955. This was(is) a self-censory(self-censoring) body created by the publishers. Essentially, for common books it were proved by the cold(for a comic book to be approved by the code), it had to be free of the blood and gore that was usually depicted in most horrow(horror) comics, and evil could never triumph over good. Children had to be shown the(that) crime did not pay.
Well, if comic itself was(sales were) bad in 1950, think it(things) got even worse in 1955. Many small publishers acturally(actually) won up(went out of) bussiness(business). But the industry rebounded by introducing a new line(lineup) of superheroes. Characters like Spider-Man and the Fantastic Four. Now, a(I’ve) brought with me the day(today) some comic books from this aera(era) to pass around. That are for(They’re from) my own personal collection, so please be expert(extra) careful when handling them.
1.topic:horror comics
2.The attitude of the psychologist to the horror comics
3.The attitude of the government to the horror comics
4.The new era of the comics—superhero作者: syk1984720 时间: 2009-11-26 13:34:20
第十八篇(建筑 log structures)
As you probably know, log structures are gaining in popularity. There(They are) no longer just the simple country home(homes) that we think of as the tradditional(traditional) log cabbin(cabin). Some upscale home(homes) now incooperate(incorporate) natural round logs in ceiling being(beams and walls). People seem to thank(think) the rounded logs give their homes the(a) cozy, warm atmosphere. And even the people who want to build the(a) tradditional(traditional) log cab(cabin) on their own can buy a kit with precut logs fix it(that fit) together like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle.
Before showing you some slides of
that modern log healthies(houses), I’d like to give little storical(historical) background on the subject: Log cabbet
was (cabins were) first built in late 1600’s along the Delaware River valley. The European immigrants who settled beer(there) brought centuries-old tradditions(traditions) of working of(with) logs. And in this heavily wood aera(wooded area), logs were the material at land.
Log cabbins(cabins) were the most popular in the early 1800’s with the settlers who were moving west. They provided the answer to the pioneers’ needs for the(a) safe and stain(sturdy) home that an ordinary family could build quickly: They had dirt floors and sliding boards for windows.
But the log buildings that have probably had most influence on modern archtects(architects) are those of the retreats of wealthy New Yorkers. These country houses, which were popular in the early 1900’s, typify what’s to be known as the round(Adorondack) style. Now let’s look at those slides
1.topic:log cabin
2、3.historical background
4.the influence on modern architects作者: happyfaith2008 时间: 2009-11-26 18:53:18
本帖最后由 happyfaith2008 于 2009-11-26 19:14 编辑
不管哪天的作业啦！交交交就是了！
第十二篇Women
Last week we talked about Anne Bradstreet and the role of women in the Puritan colonies. Today I want to talk about some other women who’ve contributed to American history——some famouse and some not-so-famouse. The first woman I’d like to talk about is Molly Pitcher. Those of you who are familiar with the name may know her as a hero of the American Revolution. But, in fact, there never was a woman named Molly Pitcher. Her real name was actually Mary Ludwing Hays. She got the nickname Molly Pitcher for her acts of bravery during the Revolutionary War.
As the story goes, when Mary’s——or Molly’s——husband, John Hays, enlished in the artillery,(这个地方好快，完全听不出来！5555555) Mary followed...like many other wives did. She helped out doing washing and cooking or the soldiers. She was known to be a pretty unusual woman she smoked a pipe and chewed tobacoo.（这个女人的确不一般，这样的行为听不出来，更才不出来，可苦了我们！）
Anyway...in the summer of 1778, at the Battle of Mommouth, it was a blistering （单词听出来了，但是死活不认识，唉！词汇关还没过！）hot day——maybe over a hundred degrees——and fifty soldiers died of thirst during the battle. Molly wasn’t content to stay back at camp. Instead, she ran through gunshots and cannon ( 真的是因为不认识这个单词)fire carrying water in pitchers from a small stream out to the thirsty American soldiers. The relief that （读得这么快，谁听得到啊！）she brought with her pitchers of water gave he the legendary nickname Molly Pitcher. The story also says that she contimued to load and fire her husband cannon after he was wounded. They say she was so well like by other soldiers that they call her “Sergeant Molly.”In fact, legend has it that George Washingom himself gave her the special military title.
主题：the war hero M P 逻辑：跟着丈夫参战 Battle M 送水立功 受伤仍然用丈夫的大炮 最后：得到总统赋予头衔作者: happyfaith2008 时间: 2009-11-26 19:46:27
本帖最后由 happyfaith2008 于 2009-11-26 19:59 编辑
加油加油！ 来自03
第十三篇 Yellowstone
Welcome to Yellowstone National Park. Before we begin our nature walk today, I’d like to give you a short history of our National Park Sevice. The National Park Service begain in the late 1800’s. A small group of expelorers had just completed a month long exploration of the region that is now Yellowstone. They gathered around a campfire, and after houres of discussionm, they decided that they should not claim this land for themselves. They felt it should be accessible everyone.
So they began a campaign to preserve this land for everyone’s enjoyment. Two years later, in the late nineteenth century, an act of Congress signed by President Ulysses S. Grant proclaimed the Yellowstone region a National Park. It was the first National Park in the world. After Yellowstone became a public park, many other areas of great scenic importance were set aside and in 1916 the National Park Service was established to manage these parks.
As a parl ranger, I am an employee of the National Park Service. In a national park, park rangers are on duty at all times to answer questions and help visitors in any difficulty. Nature walks, guided tours, and campfire talks are offered by specially training staff members. The park service also products the animals and plants within the parks.作者: infish2008 时间: 2009-11-26 20:32:14
No 17 Comic (difficult to me!)
Now let us focusing on the comics
books in the 1950’s. Early in the decade, the sales were down, so publishers started looking for some new angels get the reader interested in them again. They found what they are looking for with horror comics, stories about ghosts and deans (demons) and the (that were often) graphically violent.
Before long, the most of major publishers were printing horror comics. But it all came to end in a few years later. You see, there was a psychologist named frequent claimed (FW who)
the comic books, the horrible books in particular, would (were a) bad influence on children and turn them juvenile delinquents. Where the (Wertham) even wrote a book called Sedution of the Innocent that showed specific scenes from comics that he thought were a particularly bad influence on kids.
W was not the only one down on comics. The US Senate Subcommittee on Juvenile Delinquency also released a report very critical of comics. The result of all the fast (fuss) was the creation of the comics Code authority in 1995. This was a self-century (self-censoring) body created by the publishers. Essentially, for a comic book to be approved by code, and be (it had to be) free of blood and good (gore) that was usually depicted in most horror comics. And evil could never be trying (triumph) over good.
Children had to been shown that crime did not pay.
Well, if the comics sales were bad in 1950’s, since it was (things got even) worse in 1955. Many small publishers actually went other (out of) business. But the industry rebounded by introducing a new line up of super-heroes characters like as spider man and fantastic four. Now I have brought with me today some comic books form this era to pass around. They are form my own personal collections, so please be extra carefully when handling them.
Topic: the comic book
Expansion: the horror comics were bad influence on kids. A psychologist and the US SSJD both thought the horror comics are very critical. The comic code authority was used to limit the horror comics.
The end: some other kinds of comics have been published including superheroes.
No 18 Log structures
As you probable know, log structures are gaining in popularity. There are no longer just the simple country homes that we think them as the traditional log cabin. Some absale (upscale) homes now incorporate natural round logs and seeing (in ceiling beams) and walls. People seem to think the rounded logs give their homes as cozy, warm atmosphere. And even people who want to build the traditional log cabin on their room (own) can buy a kit with precut logs that fit together like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle.
Before showing you some slag and (slides of) modern log houses I would like to give a historical background on subject. Log cabins were the first building in the late 1600’s along the Delaware River Valley. The European immigrants who settled there brought the central (centuries)
old traditions of working with logs, and in this heavily wooded area, logs were the material at hand.
Log cabins were
the most popular in the early 1800s with the settler who were moving the west. They provide the answer for the young pioneers’ need for a safe and stay in (sturdy) home that an ordering family quickly. They had dirt floors and sliding boards for windows.
But the log building has probably had most influence on modern architects are those of the mountain retreats of wealthy NYers. These country houses have been popular in early 1900’s, typify what’s known as the Adirondack style.
Topic: log structures
Expansion: introduce the history and characteristics of the log structures; many other
No 19
I was very glad when your club invited me to share my coin collection. It has been my passion since I have collection (colleted) my first Lincoln penny (cent) form 1971. That is a coin (the current) penny by Abraham Lincoln’s image. Just a little history before we are studying (I start in on) my collection coins. Lincoln penny was made of Cu and there were the first Unit States coin to build (bear) the likeness of a president. (It was back in 1909 when the country was celebrating the centennial of Lincoln’ birth in 1809 that the decision was made to redesign the one-cent piece in his honor.) before that, the penny had an American Indian head on it. The new penny was designed by artist Victor DB. It is interesting because he put his initial VDB on the reverse of the coin in the original design. There was general uproar when the nation (initial) was discovered. And only a limited number of coins have sturcted (were struck) with the initial on it. Today, a penny with the initials from the SMF called 1909 - SVDB. It was worth of 500 dollars. Now, when I started my coin collection, I began the penny for several reasons. There are a lot of them, several hundred billion have been met (minted). And there are a lot of people collected them. Though I have to plan to (plenty of people) to trade with and talk to about my collection. Also, it was a coin I could afford as young teenager. In the 25 year since then, I have managed to require over 300 coins, some of them very wealth (rare). I will be sharing with you today, some of my very expensive (rarer specimens) collection including 1909-SVDB.
Topic: coin collection
Expansion: introduction of coin collection, take the Lincoln penny as an example. 作者: syk1984720 时间: 2009-11-26 23:54:45
本帖最后由 syk1984720 于 2009-11-26 23:56 编辑
第二十篇(农业) 好多是听出来了但写不出 单词单词！！！
One of the most popular mass(myths) about the United States in the 19th century was that of the free and simple life of the farmer. It was said that farmers were(worked) hard on their own land to produce whatever their family(families) needed. They might sometimes traded(trade) with neighbours(neighbors). But in general they could get along just fine but rely(by relying) on themselves, not on commercial tides(ties) with others.
This is how Thomas Jefferson idears lies(idealized) the farmer at the beginning of the 19th century, and, at that time this may have been close to the truth--especially on the frontear(frontier). But I miss
century(by mid-century), sweeping changes in agreculture(agriculture) were well under way as farmers began to specialize in the ways(raising) of crops such as corrton(cotton) or corn or wheat.
By late in the century, revolutionary advances on(in) farm machinenary(machinery) had vastly increased production of specialize(specialized) crops. And this(the) extensive network of well roads(railroads) had linked farmers throughout the country to markets and East and even overseas
to the. By raising and selling specialize(specialized) crops, farmers could afford more and finer goods and cheap(achieve) a much higher standard of living--but at a price.
Now farmers will(were) no longer depend(dependent) just on the weather and their own efforts. Their lives were increasely(increasingly) controled(controlled) by banks, which had power to grand(grant) or deny lend(loans) for new machinery, and buy(by) the road(railroads) which except ways(set the rates) for shipping the(their) crops to the market. As businessmen, farmers now have(had) to worry about national economic depression(depressions) and the influence of the world supply and demand on, for example, the price of wheat in Kansas.
And so by the end of 19th century, the era of Jefferson’s independent farmer have(had) come to a close.
1.farmers in the 19th century
2.farmers in the mid-century, specialize
3.farmers late in the 19th century, machinery, railroads
4.farmers at present..
5.Farmers becomes never independent作者: happyfaith2008 时间: 2009-11-27 21:57:30
11月27日 来自03
第十四篇 钟表
I’m sure almost every one of you looked at your watch or at a clock before you came to class today. Watches and clocks seem as much a part of your life as breathing or eating. And yet, did you know that watched and clocks were scarce in the United States until the 1850’s?
In the late 1700’s people didn’t know the exact time unless they were near a clock. Those delightful clocks in the squares of European towns were built for the pulic—after all, most citizens simply couldn’t afford a personal timepiece. Well into the 1800’s ----in European and the United States---the main purpose of a watch, which, by the eay, was often on a gold chain, was to show others how wealthy you were.
The word “wristwatch” didn’t even enter the English language until nearly 1900. By then the rapid pace of industrialization in the United States meant that mearsuring time had become essential. How could the factory worker get to work on time unless he or she knew exactly what time it was? Since efficiency was now measured by how fast a job was done, everyone was interested in time. And since industrializztion made possible the manufacture of large quantities of goods, watches became fairly expensive. Furthermore, electric lights kept factories going around the clock. Being on time had entered the language----life ---of evey citizen.
主题：watch
逻辑：时间顺序
clock for public
watch with a gold chain
wristwatch作者: happyfaith2008 时间: 2009-11-27 22:41:34
玉不琢不成器！脚踏实地才是真谛！ 来自03
第十五篇 舞蹈
So, why did what is now called “modern dance” begin in the United States? To begin to answer this question, I’ll need to backtrack a little bit and talk about classical ballet.
By the late 1800’s, battlet had lost a lot of its popularity. Most of the ballet dancers who performed in the United States were brought over from Eruope. They performed using the rigid techniques that had been passed down through the centuries. Audiences and dances in the United States were eager for their own, “contemporary” the centuries. And, do, around 1900, dancers created one.
So, how was this “modern” dance so different from classical battlet? Well, most notably, it wasn’t carefully choreographed. Instead, the dance depended on the imprivisatiom and free, personal expression of the dancers. Music and scenery were of little importance to the “modern” dance--- and lightness of movement wasn’t important either. In fact, modern dancers made no attempt at all to conceal the efort involved in a dance step.
But even if improvisation appealed to audiences, many dance crirics were less than enthusiastic about the performances. They questioned the artisitic integrity of dancers who were not professionally trained and the artisitic value of works that had no formal structure. Loie Fuller, after performing Fire Dance, was described as doing little more then turning “round and round like an eggbeater.” Yet, the free, personal expressiom of the pioneer dancers is the basis of teh “controlled freedom” of modern dance today.作者: happyfaith2008 时间: 2009-11-28 14:21:52
非常惭愧！作业越欠越多！
来自03
第十六篇 人物/摄影家
That’s an interesting queation, Tom. Women did participate in the early days of motion-picture making. One of the most outstanding is Lois Weber. She is credited as the first consistently successful woman film director.
In the early 1900’s, when she first arrived in Hollywood, Ms.Weber made a series of experimental sound film. Now this was almost 20 years before modern “talking pictures” were developed. The dialogue for her movies was recorded on phonogragh records and synchronized with the action on the movie screen----very innovative for that time.
In addition, Weber felt that movies should be educational as well as entertaining. She made serneral highly controversial work addressed issues of particular interest to wamen. Unfortunately, Weber died in 1939 just as Hollywood was beginning to make films aimed primarily at female audiences. Which brings me to my nest point?
主题：Losi Weber the famous film director in the early days of motion-picture making
逻辑：时间顺序 sound film —— talking pictures——educational as well as entertaining——attract women作者: xhwth 时间: 2009-11-29 00:29:11
