寄托家园留学论坛
标题: 进军美利坚iBT特训营~~100+听写专用贴 [打印本页]
作者: 我是chineselady 时间: 2009-11-20 00:26:14 标题: 进军美利坚iBT特训营~~100+听写专用贴
本帖最后由 我是chineselady 于 2010-2-19 01:54 编辑
进军美利坚学习小组新面貌!赞个先!
首先欢迎saavedro诸葛版主成为我们学习组的特约嘉宾,鼓掌欢迎个!!
saavedro诸葛版主每天晚上会光临本小组跟大家一起进行TPO阅读题目精分析, 听力题目解析, 跟读和听读.在此特招12月和1月考试的板油, 以及其他想提高英文水平的英语爱好者.
欢迎进群: 82429287(高级群)
请注意此贴禁止灌水,禁止占楼.只用于回复听写内容!!谢谢配合!!
进军美利坚旗下有三组学习小组: 美利坚口语, 美利坚作文以及美利坚听写 我们采用的学习材料全部以TPO为主.
TPO的听写有点长相当老托福，老托更适合听写。因此在跟组员们商量后决定小组采用老托福的材料听写。每天一篇大家自觉跟帖。加油
小组学习的目标是托福上100+.
并且以互相鼓励,互相帮助的形式, 使学习托福的板油不再孤单.
进军美利坚学习小组规定:
1. 进军美利坚口语,作文和听抄为捆绑式, 群内成员至少参加2组.
2. 我们都会将参加学习小组的群内成员统计起来. 一周没交作业的以及三天没发言的自动出群. (可以请假)
3. 考完的成员欢迎留下来, 给大家讲讲考试心得, 考场情况.提提学习建议, 传资料, 考完的沉默者T出群.
欢迎大家的加入! 祝考100+~~~:loveliness:
作者: DriftKing 时间: 2009-11-21 14:24:45
俺 不占楼 俺就顶一下
作者: morning8427 时间: 2009-11-21 14:48:42
怎么加入啊？想参加
作者: wqxhouse 时间: 2009-11-21 23:40:47
提示: 作者被禁止或删除 内容自动屏蔽
作者: kathryn慕云 时间: 2009-11-21 23:47:48
不管考不考，都参加。。。我也不是占楼的
作者: Amber0926 时间: 2009-11-22 06:32:30
哈，我也要支持下翠花
作者: wqxhouse 时间: 2009-11-22 14:56:37
提示: 作者被禁止或删除 内容自动屏蔽
作者: lmsleeper 时间: 2009-11-23 17:53:37
What a stupid student she is! 嘿嘿
Hi! I really hope you can help me!
That’s why I’m here What can I do for u?
I’m supposed to do a literature review (文献综述) for my psychology course, but I’m having a hard time finding articles. I don’t even know where to start looking.
You said this is for you psychology course, right? So your focus is on?
Dream (interpretation [inˌtə:pri'teiʃən]解释)
Well, you have a focus. So that’s already a good start. Mum there are few things. Oh wait. Have you checked to see for(if) your professor put any material for you to look at on reserve?
Aha, that’s one thing I didn’t know to do. I just copied the article, but I still need three more on my topic from three different journals.
Ah, lets (get u)going on looking for those of them. We have presented versions of 20 years old psychology journals in the reference section. There is ones published within last year. Now let us thing about it, there is a journal named sleep dreams.
Oh ya, the article I just copied is from this journal, so I have to gonna look another sources.
Ok. Actually most of our material is available electronically now. You can access psychology databases or electronic journals and articles through the library’s computers. And if you want to search by title with the word dream, for example, just type it in, and all the articles with dream in their titles will come up on the screen.
Cool, that’s great! Too bad I can’t do this from home.
But you can! All of the library’s databases and electronic resources can be access through any computer connected to the university network.
Really? I can’t believe I didn’t know that. It still sounds like it’s (going to)take a while though, you know, going through all of that information, all of those sources.
Maybe. But you already narrowed your search down to articles on dream interpretation. So it shouldn’t be too bad. And you probably know that there is abstract or summary at the top of the first page of the article you copied. When you go into the databases and electronic sources, you have the option to display the abstract on the computer screen. Skimming notes(those) to decide whether or not you should read the whole article should cut down some time.
Right! Abstracts. They will definitely make project more doable. I guess I should try all of(out) the electronic searching while I’m still here then, you know, just in case.
Sure. That computer for you over there, and (I’ll) be here till five this afternoon.
Thanks. I feel a lot better about this (assignment任务,作业) now.
作者: 如是_ivy 时间: 2009-11-24 20:34:48
我来啦~~先顶一个~~哈哈
作者: karen_0315 时间: 2009-11-25 19:43:22
本帖最后由 karen_0315 于 2009-11-25 19:44 编辑
TPO1 02 LECTURE
Ok. I am going to begin this lecture by giving you a next assignment. Remember I said that there are some points during this semester I wanted to you to attend and（an） exhibit the fairy street gallery and then write about it? Well, the exhibit that I want you to attend is coming up. It’s already started in fact but it’ll be at the gallery for the next month, which should gives you plenty of time to complete this assignment.
The name of the artist exhibiting there is Rose F. F’s work may be unfamiliar to you since she is a relatively young artist, but she’s got a very unusually style compared the(to) some of the artists we've looked at this term. But anyway, F’s style was（is） what she herself called(s) Realistic Impressionism. So you’ll(ve) probably study both of these movements separately, separate movements, Realism and Impressionism in some of your art history courses. So who can just sum it up?
Well, impressionism started in the late 19centuray, the basic impressionist style was very different from earlier styles, it didn’t depict scenes and(or) models exactly as it(they) looked. Impressionism(t) painters tended to imply(apply) paint really thickly and with(in) big bush chocks(brushstrokes). So the texture of canvas was rough.
Good, what else. What were the subjects?
Well, a lot of impressionism(t) artists paint everyday scenes, like people on the streets and cafes, a lot of nature scenes, especially landscapes.
Good. So when you go to the exhibit I really want you to take a close look at a certain painting—it’s a farm scene. And you see it right as you enter the gallery. The reason I think the painting is so important is that it stresses the Impressionism aspect as F’s style. It’s an outdoor scene, an everyday scene. It’s a kind of bleak, but you can really see those broad brush rocks(brushstrokes) and the blurring(blurry) lines. The color is unquiet (colors aren't) realistic and the sky is a kind of, well unnatual pinkish yellow, and the fascine the floor ground(fence in the foreground) is blue but somehow the overall scene gives an impression of a cold bleak winter day on a farm. So that’s the impressionism(t) side of her work.
So speaking about farms that reminds me one interesting thing I read about F is that when she first moved back to I when she live(after living) abroad, she often visited this place in her town called the sales barn. And the Sales Barn was basically this place where the local farmers bought and sold their cattle, their farm animals. And the reason F went there, and she later on would visited other places like Dane’s house(dancing hall 我是怎么听的啊!), was to observe people and the way they moved. She really found this helped to work that it gave her an understanding of body movements and actions, how humans move, and stand still what their posters(postures没想起来这个词:L) were like, too.
So what about realism? What’s the elements of realism we should be looking for from F’s work?
Real honest the depictions of subject matter, pretty unidealized stuff and pretty everyday subject matter too.
Good. One other painting I really want you to look at is of a young woman surrounded by pumpkins. You noticed the woman’s face is so realistic looking that is almost like a photograph. The woman’s nose is a little less than perfect and her hair is kind of messed up. This is realism. But then the background of the painting, this woman with the pumpkins rapt（wrapped(在我储存里居然没有这个词:funk:)） in a black and（blanket a） broad thick brushstroke and its all kind of zigzagging brush stroke and likes, kind of chaotic almost when you look at it close, and there are vibrant colors, it’s a lot(there are lots) of orange with little hints of electric blue picking(peeking) out. I found F to be a very accessible artist. I mean some artists to appreciate them then you have to know their life story, but here’s a little bit about Rose F’s life anyway. She attended art school but was told by one of instructor that she wasn’t good at illustration, and she should go to advertising instead. So she took advertising classes and fine arts classes, too. Until she was convinced by the head of advertising agency that her work was really good, that she could be an artist. But of course it’s not as easy like(as) that. And so F had to depict(paint) other people's portrays that(at) placed at (like)art theaters(fairs), just to make money to buy paint for her more serious art work. No matter what, she never stopped painting and now F was(is) doing extremely well and her work was(is为什么我会听成was呢？) being shown all over the country. So I think most of us will be discouraged if we have（had） to face challenges and difficulties like that but what‘s important is that you keep add（at） it that you don’t give up. That’s what really important to remember.
有些弱读、连音真的很难区分~
作者: karen_0315 时间: 2009-11-25 19:44:02
本帖最后由 karen_0315 于 2009-11-25 19:45 编辑
为什么会变成上面的样子。全红了:funk:
太恐怖了~我编辑的不是这样的
作者: happyfaith2008 时间: 2009-11-25 22:14:06
本帖最后由 happyfaith2008 于 2009-11-25 22:59 编辑
文章不难，但是有些连读的地方确实很变态。还好不是关键信息。
TPO L1第一篇
I really hope you can help me.
That’s why I’m here. What can I do for you?
I’m supposed to do a literature review for my psychology course, but um having a hard time finding articals. I don’t even know where to start looking.
You said this is for your psychology course, right? So your focus is on
Dream interpretation.
Well, you have a focus, so that’s already a good start. Hmmm well, there’re a few things oh wait have you checked to see if your professor put any materials for you to look at on reserve?
Aham that’s one thing i did know to do. I just copied an article, but I still need three more on my topic from three diferent journals.
Let’s get you (这个太快了，而且声音低沉，简直就没听出来) going on looking for those then. We have prinred versions of twenty or so pschology journals in there’s a journal named Sleep and Dream.
Oh, yeahm the article I just copied is from that journal, so I’ve got to look in other sources.
Ok, actually, most of our materials are avalible electronically now. You can access psychology darabases or electronic journals and articles through the library’s computers, and if you want to search by title with the word “dream” for example, just type it in and the article with “dream” in the title will come up on the screen.
Cool, that’s great! Too bad I cannot dothis from home.
But you can. All of the library’s databases and electronic sources can be accessed through any computer conneceted to the university network.
Really? I can’t believe I didn’t know that. It still sounds like it’s going to take a while though, you know, going through all of that information, all of those sources.
Maybe, but you already marrow your search down to articals on Dream Interpretation, so it shouldn’t be too bad. And you copied. Whem youi go into the databases and electronic sources, you have the option to display the abstracts on the computer screem, skimming those to decide whether or not you want to read the whole article should cut down some time.
Right, abstracts! They’ll definitely make the project more doable. I guess I should try out the electronic search while I’m still here then, you know, just in case.
Sure, er rhat computer’s free over there, and I’ll be here till five this afternoon.
Thanks, I feel a lot better about this assignment now.
作者: haidai 时间: 2009-11-25 23:53:06
占...
作者: eejchen 时间: 2009-11-26 07:36:30
很想听写TPO，不过在raysource上一直没下下来……哪位有mp3，可否给我传一份？谢谢啦
作者: i2000s 时间: 2009-11-26 09:14:15
本帖最后由 i2000s 于 2009-11-26 09:33 编辑
发现我听写的是口语对话。。。还是发上来吧 也不知道标准的script是啥样子，有空的批改一下 科科
TPO1 speaking, part 3
Did you see a poster letter in the paper about the new sculpture?
Yeah. But it was totally unconvincing. His reasons for opposing the plan’re just totally off. I'm glad we'll finally have something nice on campus. I’d be to shake the donor's hands and say, "Thank you".
What do you mean the donor?
You didn't know? An anonymous donor is paying the bill of most the sculpture.
Not the university?
No. His assumption about who is paying for was all wrong.
Still. I wonder if he has a point about the space it takes up.
Well. You know why the poller's upset. He and his friends are always out on the lawn, right where the sculpture will be, kicking around the stickball [saik’bo:l]. Now they just have to use the other part of the campus to play.
Oh. So, he just doesn't want to have to move.
Yeah. For him, it's sculpture versus convenience.
这个口语脚本以后还出嘛？不行就当听写作业吧，最后形成完整的文本 呵呵
作者: shining_sj 时间: 2009-11-26 16:09:12
本帖最后由 shining_sj 于 2009-11-26 22:49 编辑
11.26听写。。崩溃。。等等再改
Ok,today I want to talk about where and when which is able to determine how old of the piece of land or some other geological features,dating technics.I am going to talk about particular technics.Why?Good dating is key to good analysis.In other words,if you want to know how was land formation of the land formed,probably the first you should know is how old it is.It is fundmental.
Um..take the Grand Canyon for instance,now we geologists think that we have a pretty good idea about how the Grand Canyon and southwestern United States was formed.We knew that it was formed from same stone that solidified somewhere between 150 and 300 million years ago,before solidified they were just regular sand.For centurially(Essentially) it was part of the vast deserte.And until just recently most of the stock(us thought )sands came from ancient mountain range very(fairly) closed by the frighten doubt(flatten outer) over time.That has been conventional with moun-(wisdom among)geologists for quite some time.
But now we have learned something different and quite surprising ,with(using)
a technic called uranium-lead dating.I should say that uranium-lead dating has been around for quite a while.But there have been some recent refinements,I’ll get into this in a minute.Anyway, uranium-lead dating has produced some surprises.Two geologists discovered that about half of the sands from Grand Canyon was the acutally once parts of the App Mountain.That’s really eye opening news,since the App Mountain rang is of course thousands of kilometer to the east to the Grand Canyon.Sounds unbelieveable,right?Of course the obvious The question is how that sands adapted(end up) so far west.The theory is the huge rivers and wind can carry the sand west mixed with the sand was already there.
Well,this was pretty revolutionary finding,and it is basiclly because of uranium-lead dating.Why？Well,as everyone in this class should know we usually study(look up) the Grand(grain) type within sand stone,meaning the particals in the sand stome to determine where it came from.You can do other things too, like look at the river and wind the prostein(brought the grains) to their location and figure out which way it was flowsing.But that was only useful up to a point,and that was not what these two geologists did. Uranium-lead dating allowed them to learn (go )about it in entirely different way.What they did was they look at the grains zircon in the sand stone.Zircon is a material that contains radioactive uranium,which makes it very useful for dating pufposes.The zircon starts off as mountain magma,high lava from volcanos.This magma then crystalizes.And when the zircon crystalizes,the uranium inside begins to change into lead.So if you measured the
amount of lead in the zircon Grain,you can know(figure out) when this Grain is(was) formed.After that you can define(determine the age of ) zircon from different mountain ranges.Once you do that you can campare the age of the zircon in the sand stone in your samples with(to) the age of zircon in the mountains.If the age of the zircon matchs the age of one of your mountain ranges,that means the sand stone actually used to be the part of that particular mountain range.Is every body with me on that?Good.
So in this case, uranium-lead dating was used to establish that half of the sand stone in the samples was formed at the same time the grain of App Mountain was formed.So because of this,the new way of doing uranium-lead dating, we able to determined that one of our major assumptions about Grand Canyon was wrong.Like I said before, uranium-lead dating has been around for a while,but until recently in order to do it,you really have to study many individual grands and it took long time to get results.It just wasn’t very efficient and wasn’t very accurate.But technic advance has cut down on the number of grain that you have to study,so you get results faster.So opreative uranium-lead dating is going to becoming a increasingly popular dating method.There are a few pretty exciting possiblities for uranium-lead dating.Here is the one comes to mind,you know the theory that earth contients were once joint together and separated apart relatively recently.Well.with uranium-lead dating we can prove that more conclusivly.If there show evidence that they once had been joint,that can really tell us a lot about the early history of the planets of geology.
作者: summerdingdavid 时间: 2009-11-26 21:07:38
Listen to part of lecture in the geology class.
Ok, let’s get started, great! Today I want to talk about way in which way we determine how old piece of land or some other geology features. Dating techniques. I’m gonna talking about particular dating technique, why? Good dating is a good key to good analysis. In other words, if you want to know how old land the information was formed, the first thing you probably want to know is how old is it. it is fundamental. Take Grand Canyon for instance, now we geologists thought we have pretty idea how the Grand Canyon in the south Californian in the United States was formed. We knew it was formed from sandstone, that’s solidified between somewhere from 150 and 300 million years ago. Before it solidified it’s just regular sand. Essentially it was part of vast past desert. Until the recently most of us thought the sand has came from the ancient mountain range fairly close by the flattened out over time. That’s been conventional thought among geologists for quiet some time. But now we have learned something different, and it’s surprising, using date technique called Uranium—lead dating. I should say the Uranium—lead dating has been around for a while, but there have been recent refinement. I’ll get into this in the minute. Anyway, Uranium—lead dating has produced some surprises. Two geologists discovered half of sand from the Grand Canyon was actually once parts of Appalachian Mountains. That’s really eye opening news. Since Appalachian Mountains of course is thousands kilometers ways from south eastern Grand Canyon. Sounds pretty unbelievable, right? Of course, obliviously the question is how did the sand end so far west? The theory is the huge winds and rivers carried the sand west where make mixed with where the sand already there. Well this is pretty revolutionary finding. And that’s basically because of Uranium—Lead dating. Well, is everyone in this class should know, we usually look at the grain type in sand stone. Meaning the particle in the sand stone to determine where it came from. You can do other things too, like look at the wind and river brought water to the location, and figure out which way flowing. And that’s flow points, and that’s not the two geologists did. Uranium—Lead dating allow them to go about the grain in the interior different way. What they did was, the looked at the grain in the zircon in the sandstone, zircon is a material that contains Uranium radiation, which make it very useful for dating purpose. Um, zircon starts of molten magama t, the hot lava from volcanos, this magemets then crystalist, and when zircon crystallized, the uranium inside it begin to change and lead. So if you measure the amount of lead in the zircon grain, you can figure out when the grain was formed. After that, you can determine the how old the zircon from different mountains, once you do that, you can compare the zircon from the sandstone of sample to the age of zircon in the mountains. If the age of the zircon matches the zircon of one of the age of the mountain, means sandstone used to be part of that mountain, is everybody with me on that? Good! So in this case, the Uranium—Lead dating was used to establish that half of the sandstone sample was born at the same time that zircon of grain in the Appalachian Mountains was born. So because of this, that new way of uranium-lead dating way we have been able to determining one of our major assumption sandstone about south Californian was wrong. Like I said before, uranium-lead dating have been with us being for a while, but until recently if you do it, you have to do many individual uranium grain, and you took a long time before you got a result, it just wasn’t very efficient, and it was not very accurate, but technique advances have cut down number of grain you have to research, you gets your result faster. So the optimal uranium-lead dating is going to become increasing popular dating method. There are few possible pretty exciting for the uranium-lead dating, here is once comes into mind, you know, the theory that continents once join together only split apart very recently? Well, using uranium-lead dating we can prove that more conclusively. If they show the uranium once have been join, that can tell really a lot of about the early history of planet’s geology.
作者: happyfaith2008 时间: 2009-11-26 22:07:57
今天这篇文章快听崩溃了！555555
太长了啦！花了我好长时间才把它听下来！
TPO L1 lecture 3
Ok. Let’s get started. Great! Today I want to talk about way in which we are able to determine how old a peice of land or some other geologic features---dating techniques. I am gonna talk about a particular dating technique. Why? Good dating is key to good analysis. In other words if you want to know how a land formation was formed the first thing you probably want to know is how old it is. It’s funtamental. Take the Grant Canyon for instance. Now we geologists thought we had a pretty good idea how the Grant Canyon in the Southwestern United States was formed. We knew it was formed from sandsone that solidified somewhere between one hundred and fifty and three hundred million years ago. Before solilidfied it was just regular sand. Essentially it was part of a vast desert. And until just recently most of us thought the sand had come from an ancient mountain range fairly close by that flattened out over time. That’s been the conventional wisdom among geologists for quite some time but now we’ve learned something different and quite surprising using the technique called the Uranium-Lead Dating. I should say that U L D has been around for quite a while but there have been some recent refinements I will get into this in a minute. Anyway U L D has produced some surprises. Two geologists discovered that about half of the sand from the Grand Canyon was actually once part of the Appalachian Mountains. That’s really eye-opening the news since the A Mountian range is of course thousands of kilometers to the east of the Grant Canyon. Sounds pretty unbelievable, right? Of course the question is how
did that sand end up so far west. The theoty is that huge rivers and wind carried the sand west where it mixed in with the sand that was alredy there. Well this was the pretty revolution finding and it was basically becsuse of U L D. Why? Well as everyone in this class should know we usually look the grain type within sandstone meaning the actual particles determine where it came from. You can do other thins too like look the wind and water that brought the grains to their location and figure that which way it was flowning. But that’s only useful up to a point and that’s not what these two geologists did.U L D allowed them to go about it in an entirely different way.
What they did was they looked at the grains of Zircon in the sandstone. Zircon is a material that contains radioactive Uranium, which makes it very useful for dating purposes. Zircon starts off as molten magam, the hot larva from volcanoes. This magma then crystallizes. And when Ziron crystallizes, the hot larva from vocanoes. This magma then crystallizes. And when Zircon crystallizes, the Uranium inside it begins to change into Lead. so if you measure the amount of Lead in the Z grain, you can figure out when the grain was formed. After that, you can determine the age of Zircon from different mountain ranges. Once you did that, you can compare the age of the Zircon matches the age of one of the mountain ranged, then it means the sandstone actually used to be part of that paticular mountain range. Is everybody with me on that? Good.
So, in this case, U L D was used to establish that half of the sandstone in the samples was formed at the same time the granite in the Appalachian Mountians was formed. So because of this, this new way of doing U L D, we’ve been able to determine that one of our major assmptions about the Grand Canyon was wrong..
Like I said before, U L D has been with us for a while. But util recently, in order to do it, you really had to study many individual grains. And it took a long time before you got results. It just wasn’t very efficient. And it wasn’t very accurate. But technical advances have cut down on the number of grains ou have to study, so you get results faster. So I’ll predict that U L D is going to become an increasingly popular dating method.
There are a few pretty exciting possibilities for U L D. Here is one that comes to mind. You know the theoty that earth’s continents wre once joined together and only split apart relatively recently? Well, with U L D, we could prove that more conclusively. If they show evidence of once having been joined, hat could really tell us a lot about the early history of the planet’s peology.
作者: 我是chineselady 时间: 2009-11-26 23:09:46
Listen to part of lecture in the geology class.
Ok, let’s get started, great! Today I want to talk about way in which way we determine how old piece of land or some other geology features. Dating te ...
summerdingdavid 发表于 2009-11-26 21:07 
作者: eejchen 时间: 2009-11-27 00:19:28
请问哪里有TPO听力script下载？急求……
作者: 我是chineselady 时间: 2009-11-27 00:53:27
请问哪里有TPO听力script下载？急求……
eejchen 发表于 2009-11-27 00:19
作者: 素怿 时间: 2009-11-27 01:05:09
先前自己听写的时候都是写在纸上的，本来想全部打出来一遍的，发现实在太长了，打不动了~~~就先仍这么多上来~~~~
TPO1-3
OK, let’s get started. Great. Today I want to talk about a way in which we are able to determine how old a piece of the land , or some other geologic feathers is dating techniques. I am going to the talk about a particular dating technique. Why? Good dating is key to good analysis. In other words, if you want to know how a land formation is formed. The first thing you probable want to know is how old it is. It is fundamental .Er… take the Grand Canyon for instance. Now we geologists thought we had a pretty good idea of how the grand canyon solidified in southwestern states was formed. We knew that it was formed from sandstone that solidified some where between 150and 300million years ago. Before it solidified, it was just regular sand. Essentially it was part of a vast desert. And until just recently, most of us thought the sand had come from ancient mountain range fairly by that flattened out. That’s been the conventional wisdom among geologist for quite some time. But now we’re learned something different quote surprising using a technique called Uranium-Lead Dating(后面简写才ULD)
I should say the ULD has been around for quite a while. But there have been some recent refinement. I will get into this in a minute. Anyway, ULD has produced some surprises. Two geologists discovered that about half of the Grand Canyon was actually once part of the Appalachian（后面简写为A） mountains. That’s really eye-opening news since the A mountains range is of course thousands of kilometers to the east of grand canyon. Sounds pretty unbelievable, right? Of course, the obvious question is how did that sand end up so far west. The theory is that huge rivers and carried the sand west where it mixed in with the sand that was already there well ,this is pretty revolutionary finding and it was basically because the ULD WHY? Well, as everyone in this class should know, we usually look at the grain type within sandstone, meaning the actual particles in the sandstone to determine where it came from. You can do other things too, like look at the wind or water that brought to grain to their location and figure out which way it flowing. But that’s only useful uo to a point and that’s 2geologists did.
ULD allowed them to go about it in an entirely different way were they did was:they look at the grains zircon in the sandstone. Zincon is the material that contains radio-active U, which makes it very useful for dating purposes. Zincon starts off as a matter manage the hot larua from volcanoes. This magma then crystallizes. And when zincon crystallizes, the U inside it begins change into lead. So if you measure the amount of leas in the zincon grain. Yon can figure out when the grain was formal. After that, you can determine the age of zincon from different mountain ranges. Once you do that, you can compare the age of the sandstone in your sample to the age of the zincon in the mountains.
作者: 名字是个词儿 时间: 2009-11-27 14:24:45
本帖最后由 名字是个词儿 于 2009-11-27 14:46 编辑
11月27日作业：TPO1-2
红色为听错的，括号蓝色粗体为正确的，橙色粗体为听漏的，绿色粗体为听多的
OK, I'm going go begin this lecture by giving you your next assignment. Remember I said that at some point during this semester I wanted you to attend an exhibited(exhibit at the)fairy street galary(Gallery) and then write about it? Well, the exhibit that I want you to attend is coming up. It's already started, infact(in fact), but it'll be at the galary(gallery) for the next month, which should give you plenty of time to complete this assignment.
The name of the artist exhibithing(exhibiting) there is Rose Frantzen. Frantzen's work may be unfamiliar to you since she is a relatively young artist, but she'sgot a very unusual style compared to some of the artist(artists) we've looked at this term. But anyway, Frantzen's style is what she herself called(calls), Realistic Impressionism. So you've probably studied both of these movements, separately, separate movements, Realism and Impressionism in some of our(your) history courses. So, who canjust sum these up?
Well, Impressionism, started in the late 19th centery(century), uh, the basic Impressionist style was very different from earlier styles, it didn't paint(depict) scenes and models the exact way that(exactly as)they looked, uh, impressionist painters tended to apply paint really fickly(thickly), and in big brush strokes. So the texture of the canvas was rough.
Good, what else? What was(were) the subjects?
Well, a lot of Impressionist artist(artists) painted everyday scenes, like people on the streets, uh,(and in) cafes, a lot(lots) of nature scenes, especially landscapes.
Good, so when you go to the exhibit Ireally want you to take a close look at a certain painting. It's a farm scene, and you'll see it right as you enter the galary(gallery). The reason I think this painting is so important is that it stresses the impressionist aspect of Frantzen's style. It's an outdoor scene, an everyday scene. It's kind of bleak, but you can really see those broad brush strokes,and the blury line(blurry lines). The colors aren't quite realistic, the sky is kind of, well, on(in) anatural pinkish yellow, and the fence in the foreground is blue, but somehow the overall scene gives an impression of a cold bleak winter day on a farm. So, that's the impressionist side of her work.
Oh, and speaking of farms, that reminds me, one interesting thing I read about Frantzen is that when she first moved back to Iowa after living abroad, she often visited this place in her town called the sales barn. And the sales barn, it was basically this place where the local farmers bought and sold their cattle, their farm animals. And the reason Frantzen went there-and she later on would visit other places like dance halls, was to observe people and the ways they moved. Uh, she really found that this helped her work, that it gave her an understanding of body movements and actions, how humans move, and stand still, what their pasters(postures) were like too.
So, what about Realism? What are the elements of Realism we should be looking for in Frantzen's work?
Uh, real honest depictions of subject matter, pretty unidealize(unidealized) stuff, and pretty everyday subject matters, too.
Good, one other painting I really want you to look at is of a young woman surrounded by pumpkins. You'll notice the woman's face is so realistic looking, that it's almost like a photograph. The woman's nose is a little less than perfict(perfect), and her hair is kind of massed up, this is Realism. But, then, the background of the painting, this woman with the pumpkins is wrapped in a blanket of broad thick brush strokes, and it's all kinds of zig-zaging(zigzagging) brush strokes andlines, kind of caotic(chaotic), almost, when you look at it close. And there were vibrant colors, there's lots of orange, with littlehints of an electric blue picking(peeking) out.
I find Frantzen to be a very accessible artist. I mean some artists, to appreciate them, you have to know their life story, but here's a little bit about Rose Frantzen's life, anyway. She attended art school, but was told by one of her instructors that she wasn't good at illustration, that she should to into advertising instead. So she took advertising classes, and fine arts classes, too, until she was convinced by the head of an advertising agency, that her work was really good, that she could be an artist. But of course it's not as easy as that, and so Frantzen had to paint other people's portraits at places like art fairs, just to make money to buy paint for her more serious artwork. No matter what, she never stopped painting, and now, Frantzen's doing extremely well, and her works(work is)being shown all over the country. So, I think most of us would be discouraged if we had to face challenges and difficulties like that, but what's important is, that you keep at it, that you don't give up, that's what's really important to remember.
貌似我的错误好多都是拼写。。。这样作文会吃亏的，改正中～
作者: lmsleeper 时间: 2009-11-27 20:33:11
1-2:
Ok I’m going to begin this lecture by giving u (your next) assignment. Remember I said that some point during the semester I want you to attend the exhibit at Fairy street (gallery画廊，廊台) and then write about it? Well, the exhibit that I want you to attend is coming up. It’s already started, in fact, but it’ll be at the gallery for the next month, which should give u plenty of time to finish your assignment. The name of the artist exhibiting there is Rose Frantzen. Frantzen’s works maybe unfamiliar to you since she’s a relatively young artist. But she’s got a very unusual style, compared some of the artists we’ve looked at this term. But anyway, Frantzen’s style is what she herself called realistic impressionism. So you’ve probably studied both of those movements, separately, separate movements, realism and impressionism in some of your art history courses. So who can just (sum) these up?
Well, impressionism, starting in the late of 19 century, the basic expression style was very different from earlier styles; it didn’t depict things(scenes) or models exactly as they looked. Impressionist painters tended to apply paint（涂、贴） very （thickly） and in big brush(brushstrokes笔画，画法). So the texture of the canvas ˈkænvəs; was rough.
Good! what else?
What were the subjects?
Well, a lot of impressionist artists painted everyday scenes like people on the streets and café, and lots of natural things especially landscapes.
Good! So when you go to the exhibit, I really want you to take a close look at a certain painting. It’s a farm scene. And you’ll see it, why did(right as) you enter the gallery. The reason I think it is so important is that it stresses(强调) the impressionist aspect of Frantzen’s style. It’s an outdoor scene, an everyday scene, it’s a kind of (bleak [bli:k]
萧瑟的,严寒的,阴郁的
). But you can really see those broad brushstrokes and the (blurry ['blə:ri模糊的，失去焦距的]) lines. The colors aren’t quite realistic. The sky is kind of in unnatural pinkish略带桃色的yellow. And the (fence
[fens]
围墙, 剑术) in the foreground前景 is blue, but somehow the overall scene gives us an impression of a cold bleak winter day on a farm. So that’s the impressionist side of her work. Oh at speaking about the farms, that reminds me, one interesting thing I read about Frantzen is when she first move back to Iowa after living abroad, she often visits this place in her town called the sales barn. And the sales barn was basically this place where local farmer bought and sell their cattle ['kætl;
牛，畜牲(复数), their farm animals. And the reason Frantzen went there, and she later on后来 (would) visit other places like (dance halls) was to observe the people and their way to move. She really found this helped her work. That it gave her understanding about body movement and action. How humans move? And stand still? What their postures ['pɔstʃə]姿势were like too. So what about realism? What are the elements of realism we should be looking for in Frantzen’s work?
Real honest, (depictions) of subject (matter事物), pretty non-idealized非理想化的stuff, pretty everyday subject matter too.
Good! One other painting I really want you to look at is of a young woman surrounded by pumpkins. You’ll notice the woman’s face is so realistic looking that it’s almost like a photograph. The woman’s nose is a litter less than perfect and her hair is kind of messed up. This is realism. But then the background of the painting, this woman with the pumpkins is (wrapped[ræp]披肩，包裹) in a (blanket 毛毯，覆盖物) of broad thick brushstrokes and then … it’s all kinds of zigzagging brushstrokes and lines, kind of (chaotic [kei'ɔtik]) almost, when you look at close, they are (vibrant ['vaibrənt]震颤的, 响亮的, 充满活力的, 精力充沛的, (色彩)鲜明的) colors. There are lots of orange with little hints of electric blue铁蓝色 (peeking偷看, 窥视) up. I find Frantzen to be a very (accessible [æk'sesəbl可得到的, 易接近的) artist. I mean, some artists, to appreciate them, you have to know their life story, but here is a little bit about Rose Frantzen’s life anyway. She attended art school, but was told by one of (her instructors讲师) that she wasn’t good in illustration that she should go into advertising instead. So she took advertising classes and fine art classes too. Until she was convinced by the head of advertising agency代理处,政府机构, that her work is really good. That she could be an artist, but of course it’s not as easy as that. So Frantzen had to paint other people’s portraits at places like art fares just to make money to buy paint颜料
for her more serious art work. No matter what, she never stop painting, and now Frantzen’s doing extremely well. Her work is being shown on all over the country. So I think most of us would be (discouraged使气馁) if we have to face challenges and difficulties like that. But what is important is you keep at 坚持做it that you don’t give it up. That’s what is really important to remember.
作者: happyfaith2008 时间: 2009-11-27 21:12:43
啊
作者: happyfaith2008 时间: 2009-11-27 21:13:08
本帖最后由 happyfaith2008 于 2009-11-27 21:19 编辑
这个貌似不是conversation 2
不过，迟早也是要听的，嘿嘿！
11月27日 TPO 1L Lecture2
Ok. I’m going to begin this lecture by giving you your next assignment. Rememer I said that at some point during this remester I wanted you to attend an exhibit at the Fairy Street Gallery and then write about it? Well, the exhibit that I want you to attend is coming up. It’s already started in fact, but it’ll be at the gallery for the next month, which should give you plenty of time to complete this assignment.
The name of the artist exhibiting there is Rose Frantzen. F’s work may be unfamiliar to you since she’s a relatively young artist. But she’s got a very unusual style, compared to some of the artists we’ve looked at this term. But anyway, F’s style is what she herself calls Realistic Impressionism. So you’ve probably studied both of these movements separately, separate movements, R and I, in some of your art history courses. So who can just sum these up?
Well, I started in the late 19th century. Um the basic I style was very different from earlier styles. It didn’t depict scenes or models exactly as they looked. Um I painters tended to apply paint really thickly, and in big brushstrokes, so the texture of the canvas was rough.
Good. What else? What were the subjects?
Well, a lot of impressionist artists painted everyday scenes, like people on the streets and in cafes, lots of nature scenes, especially landscapes.
Good.So when you go to the exhibit, I really want you to take a close at a certain painting. it’s a farm scene. And you will see it right as you enter the gallery. The reason I think this painting is so important is that it stresses the impressionist as pect of F’s style. It’s an outdoor scene, an everyday scene. It’s kind of bleak, but you can really see those broad brushstrokes and the blurry lines. The colors aren’t quite realistic. The sky is kind of, well, in a natural...pinkish yellow. And the fence in the foreground is blue, but somehow the overall scene gives an impression of a cold, bleak, winter day on a farm. So that’s the impressionost side of her work.
Oh, and speaking about farm, that reminds me. On interesting thing I read about F is that when she first moved back to lowa after living abroad, she often visited this place in her twon called the Sales Barn. And the Sales Barn, it was basically this place where the local farmers bought and sold their cattle, their farm animals. And the reason F went there, and she later on would visit other places like dance halls, was to abserve people and the ways that they moved. She really found that this helped her work, which it gave her an understanding of body movements and actions, how humans move, and stand still, what their postures were like, too.
So, what about Realism? What arae the elements of Realism we should be looking for in F’s work?
Um....real honest depictions of subject matter, pretty unidealized stuff, and pretty everyday subject matter, too.
Good. One other painting I really want you to look at is of a young woman surrounded by pumpkins. You will notice that the woman’s face is so realistic looking that it’s almost like a photograph. The woman’s nose is a little less than perfecet and her hair is kind of messed up. This is realism, but then, the background of the painting, this woman the punmkins is wrapped in a blanket of broad thick brushstrokes, and, it’s all kind of zigzagging brushatrokes and lines, kind og chaotic almost when you look at it close. And there ate vibrant colors. There are lots of orangs, with little hints of an electric blue peeking out.
I find F to be a very accessible artist. I mean, some artists, to appreciate them, you have to know their life story. But here’s a little bit about Rose F’slife anyway. She attended art school, but was told by one of her instuctors that she was not good at illustration, that she should go into advertising instead. So she took advertising classes and fine arts classes too, until she was convinced by the head of an advertising agency that her work was really good, that she sould be an artist. But of course, it’s not as easy as that, and so F had to paint other people’s portraits at places like art fairs just to make money to buy paint for her more serious art work. No matter what, she never stopped painting. And now, F is doing extremely well. And her work is being shown all over the country. So I think most of us would be discouraged if we had to face challenges and difficulties like that. But what’s important is that you keep at it that you don’t give up. That’s what is really important to remember.
作者: i2000s 时间: 2009-11-27 21:51:47
TPO1-3 lecture
---------------------------------
7:02-7:14-7:24
b c(d) 231 b a -c(b)
7:55, 9:00-10:21
Ok. Let's get start it. Great. Today I want to talk about the way in which we're able to how to detemine how old a piece of land and some other piece of geology fature is--dating techniques. I mainly talk about a particular dating technique. Why? Good dating is a key to good announces. In other words, if you want to know how a land formation is formed, the first thing you probably want to know is how old it is. It's foundamental. Uh. Take the great cannoy for instance. Now we geologists thought we had a pritty good idea how the great cannoy and the Southwest United State was formed. We knew that it was formed from sandstone that's selectified somewhere between one hundred fifty and three hundred million years ago. Before the selectify, it was just regular sand. Essensialy, it was part of west dazard. And until just recently, most of the staff knows the sand comes from the agen mountain range very closed by that flattens out over time. Let's begin in a convientional way that the mountain geologists for quest some time. But now we've learnt something different and quite suprising, using a technique called uranium-lead dating. I should say that the uranium-lead dating has been around quite while. But there has been some recent refinements. I'll get these in a minute. Any way, uranium-lead dating has produced some suprises. Two geologists discoveried that about half the sand from the great cannoy was actually once part of appalachian mountains. That's really an openning news, since the appalachian mountain range is, of course, thousands of kilometres to the east of the great cannoy. Sounds pritty unbelievable, right? Of course, the unvieled question is how does that sand end up so far west? The theory is the huge rivers and wind carry the sand west, where makes sense the sand that was already there. Well. This was a very revolutionary finding... Uh...and it was basically because of the uranium-lead dating. Why? Well, as everyone in this class should know, we usually look the grin type with this sandstone. Meaning the actual particle of the sandstone to determine where it came from. You can do other things, too. Like looking the wind or the water that pro the grin to that location and figure out which way it's flowing. But that's only useful up to a point and that's not what the two geologists did. Uranium-lead dating allows them to go about it in an entirely different way. What they did was they looked the grin of zircon in the sandstone. Zircon is a material that contains radioactive uranium, which is very useful for dating purposes. Uh...zircon starts off in the mountain's magma--the hot larva from the volcanos, this magma then cristalizes. And when zircon crystalizes, the uranium inside begins to change into lead. So if you measure the amount of lead, you can figure out when the grin was formed. After that, you can determine the age of zircon from different mountain ranges. Once you do that, you can compare the age of zircon in the sandstone in your sample to the age of zircon in the mountains. If the age of the zircon matches the age of one of your mountain ranges, that means the sandstone actually used to be part of that particular mountain range. Is there anybody with me on that. Good. So in this case, uranium-lead dating was used to establish that half of the sandstone in the samples was formed at the same time that the grin in appalachian mountains was formed. So because of this--this new way of uranium-lead dating--we've been able to determine that one of our major assumption about the great cannoy was wrong. Like that before, uranium-lead dating has been with us for a while. But...uh...until recently, in order to do it, you really have to study many individual grins and took a long time before you got results. It just wasn't very efficient. And it wasn't very accuarate. But techiquical advances have cut down on the number of grins you have to study. So you get the result faster. So all producted that the uranium-lead dating is going to become an increasing popular dating method. There're some pretty exciting possibilities fore uranium=lead dating. Here is one comes to mind. You know, the theory that the earth's contenients were once joint togerther and only seperated apart relative recently. Well, with uranium-lead dating, we can prove that more conclusively. If they show evidence of once having been joined, that could really tell us a lot about the early history of the planet's geology.
---------------------------------
还没来得及对答案 早起听写的 中间太忙了 隔断了一阵。。。
作者: yy2326218 时间: 2009-11-28 10:47:03
TOP1 conversation2
Hi, Matthew, I'm glad you can come in today. You've been observing Mr. Grable('s) third grade class for your aproached(approaches to) education paper, right?
Em.. Yes. I go over the Johnson advanture(Elementary) School, you know to watch the Mr. Grable teach the children in class. It's been amazing, I mean understanding so much for(from) just watching him. I'm so glad the class observations are (a) requirement for the education program. I mean it's like the best thing ever to prepare you to be a good teacher.
Well, I'm glad to see you feel that way, Matthew. You know, that's the goal. So I've been reading over your observation notes and I'm quite interested in what's going on in particular with(what's) the astronomy unit he's been teaching.
The astronomy unit?
It seems the(that) Mr Greeable has the master(ed) inter-disaponary(interdisciplinary,跨学科的) approach the teaching, the way we've been talking about in class.
Oh, Ok. Yeah. So like when he was teaching the astronomy, he didn't just teach them (the) names of the planets, he use(d) it as a way to teach mythology.
Really? So how did he do that?
Well, some of the students could already name the plants, but they didn't know that the names how did it(had any) meaning, the stories behind them.
So ..he...
He introduce the Greek and Roman mythology as a way of explaining. Like you know how like Jupiter's the Bakon's(biggest) planet, right? And how jupiter was the name of the king of gods in Roman mythology, right? So, since Jupiter, (the) planet, it's(is) the largest planet in our solar system, it's like the king of the planets like Jupiter was the king of all the gods.
Oh, Matthew, it's a great example.
Yeah, and each student chose a planet and then did research on (it) to write a report and make a presentation. They went to the library to do the research, and then they made presentations about the planets they chose.
So, in one science unit, in which the focus was astronomy, the students also learn(ed) about the literature of Greek and Roman mythology. Use the(Used) research goes on(?)(skills in) the library, wrote a report and practice their oral presentation skills.
Exactly. He use(d) this one topic to teach third grades all that stuff. How do you (to) use the books in the library to write reports, and even how to speak in public. Plus they had a great time doing it.
You know, Matthew, this is just what we've been talking about on(in) our class. I'm sure everyone could learn something from your experience. You know, Matthew, I'd love you to talk about this astronomy unit in class on Wednsday.
Really? Cause, I don't really think I('ll) have any time to write my paper by then.
Oh, you won't need to write anything new just yet, for Wednesday, use your class observation notes and explain the things we've discussed today.
Ok, that's sounds all right.
总结：
有些地方，觉得语法不符合逻辑，知道自己肯定听错了（打问号的地方。。。），但是仍然不知道到底是什么。。。
其实听写，真的挺需要动脑筋的。。。有些有发音相似的，就比如说used 和use the，要根据上下文判断正确的时态和情况。我有好几个地方都听错同样的地方。。。
作者: 溜冰小新 时间: 2009-11-28 10:51:46
本帖最后由 溜冰小新 于 2009-11-28 12:22 编辑
11.28
作业
So we’ve talked about some different circumstance of root systems of plants, and I’ll show you some pretty cool slides. But now I want to talk about the extend of the root system—the overall size of the root system—the depth. I want to tell you one particular experiment, I think you will find it is really amazing. OK. So there was the scientist. This very meticulous scientist decided that the best place to see the whole root system, to extra see how big the entire root system got. The best place will be a glassware. Unggg, water, in water. So he took ray plants, with ray plants and he started growing them in water. Now you all heard of growing stuff in water before, right?
S: Yes done commercial right? like to vegetables and flowers?
Right. They grow all kinds of commercial crops in water. So if you grow things in water, you can add fertilizer. What you need to do to that water besides fertilizer? Anyone has try to grow plants in water? You need to bubble gas through it. So gas, you have to bubble through. Think about the soil we talk about last week about growing plants in soil. Think about some of you who have killed your favourite house plants could you love them too much. If you over water, why do your favorite plants die? Oh, no O2. Not enough oxygen for the roots, which do what 24hours a day all seasons. Respiration? Respiration, they breath. So if you just stick ray plants in water, it doesn’t make a difference how much fertilizer you add you also need to bubble gas through the water. So they have exercise for the oxygen, if they don’t have that, they will be in big trouble. OK, this guy the scientist grew a ray plant in water, so he could see the root system, how big it has got—its surface area. I read about this and the book said 1000 kilometers of root. I kept thinking this has to be mistake, it just doesn’t make any sense to me that could be right, but that’s all the books have, and no one has ever correct it. So let me explain it to you about this right plants.
If you take a little seed of many grasses and remember ray is a grass. If you take a tiny little seed and you germinated, actually take one of my least favorite grasses that start growing about May. What’s my least favourite grasses that starts growing about May?
S: Crib grass.
Remember how I showed you in the lab, one little seed starts out producing one little shout. Then at week or so later you got about six shouts and then three weeks later you will get 15shouts coming out from all directions like this. All those little shouts up there? Well that was what they do about ray. The little seeding starts and pretty soon there were more shouts. In end, that one single seed has 80 shouts, with average 15 centimeters of height from one seed, 80 shouts coming out average 15cm high. When they look at the shout what is the root surface, they found the shout surface with all of its leaves had a
total surface area of about 5m2. Now here is the biggie. When they look at the root surface area, you will expect the root and the shout would be in balance, right? So they should be pretty close in the surface area, right?
S; Uh?
What’s that? Is sb say no? Well you’re absolutely correct. Instead of 5 M2, the root system is found to have more than 200 m2 of surface area. Where is all that surface areas come from? Who did it? Who is responsible for those extra square meters of surface area? What did the roots do to increase the surface area? Root hairs! Root hairs, that is exactly it. So those root hairs are responsible for the incredible chunk of surface area. They consequently to have spread out in the water to absorb minerals from the fertilizer and they need to get oxygen as well.
作者: 名字是个词儿 时间: 2009-11-28 10:54:44
本帖最后由 名字是个词儿 于 2009-11-28 10:57 编辑
11月28日听写 TPO1.5
OK, we've been talking about early agreculture in the near east, so let's consentrate(concentrate)on one site, and see what we can learn from it. Let's look atCatalhoyuk, Umm, I'd better write that down. Catalhuyuk, that's aboutas closest(as close as) we get in English, it's Turkish, really. The site's in morndern day Turkey, and who knows what the original inhabitant(inhabitants) calledit. Anyway, Catalhuyuk wasn't the first agricultural settalment in thenear east, but it was pretty early, settled about 9000 years ago, inthe Neolithic period. And the settlement, town, really, lasted about1000 years, and grew to a size of about 8 or 10 thousands(thousand) of people. That certainly makes it one of the largest towns in the world at that time.
One of the things that make the settlement at(of) this size of impressive, is the time period. It's the Neolithic remember, the latestonage, so the people that lived there had only stone tools, nometals. So everything they accomplished, like building this town, theydid with just stone, plus woods(wood), brikes(bricks),that sort of thing. But you've got to remember that it wasn't just anystones they had, they had obsidian. And, Uhm, obsidian is a black, vocanic(volcanic), well, almost like glass. It flakes very nicely and to(into)really sharp points, the sharpest tools of the entire stonage was madeof obsidian, and the people of Catalhoyuk got theirs from furtherinland, from center Turkey, traded for it, probably(哈，这次拼对了).
Anyway, what I want to focus on is the way the town was built. The houses are all right-angular(rectangular), one story, made of sun dried brikes(bricks).But what's really interesting is that there are no spaces between them,no streets, in other words. And so, generally, no doors on the houses,either. People walked around on the roofs and enter(entered) the house through a hatchway(生词) on the roof, down a wooden ladder. You can still see the diagnal(diagonal) marks of the ladders on the plaster(生词)on the inside walls. Once you were in the house, there would be onemain room, and a couple of small rooms for storage. The main room hadthe harth(hearths生词), for cooking and for heat, it would have been pretty cool(cold 晕，怎么想的)during the winters. And it also looks like they made their tools nearthe fire, there tends to be a lot of obsidian flakes and chips in the harsh(hearth) ashes, but no chimny(chimney), the smoke just went out the same hatchway that people use(used)for going in and out themselves, so there would have been an open fireinside the house, with only one hole in the roof to let the smoke out,you and I would have found it a bit too smoky in there. You can see onthe walls, which they plastered and decorated the(with)paintings, they ended up with a layer of black soot on them, and so didpeople's lungs. The bones found in the graves show a layer of soot inthe inside of the rib(ribs).
And that's another unusual feature of Catahoyuk, the barrial(burial) site(sites). The graves have all been found under the houses, right under the floors, and it may be this barrial(burial)custom that exlains why the houses were packed in so tightly, withoutstreets. I mean, you might think it was for protection or something,but there's been no evidance found yet of any violent attack, thatwould indicate that kind of danger, and(it) maybe they wanted to live as near as possible to their ancestors' graves, and be barried(buried) near them themselves. But it makes a good point.
Based on excavations, we can know the layout of the houses, and the location of the graves, but we are only guessing when we try(tried)to say why they did it that way. That's the way it is with Archaeology,you are dealing with the physical remains that people left behind. Wehave no sure access to what they thought and how they felt aboutthings, I mean, it's interesting to speculate, and the physicalartifacts(生词) can give us clues. But there's a lot we can really know. So for instance, their art. They painted on the plaster(platered)walls, and usually they painted hunting scenes, with wild animals inthem. Now they did hunt, and they also raise cereal crops and keptsheep, but we don't know why so many of the paintings are of huntingscenes, was it supposed to have religous or magical significance?That's the kind of thing we can guess at, base on clues. And hopefully,further excavation of Catahoyuk will yield more clues, but we'llprobably never know for sure.
作者: i2000s 时间: 2009-11-28 11:37:04
本帖最后由 i2000s 于 2009-11-28 11:40 编辑
6:56-7:06-7:10
b a d 245 c
7:10-7:55, 8:58-9:19
Hi, Matthew. I'm glad you can come in today. You've been observing Mr Grabell's third-grade class for your approaches to education paper, right?
Hmm...yes. I go over to Johnson's elemental school. You know, to watch Mr Grabell teach the children in class. It's been amassing. I mean, I'm learning so much from just watching him. I'm so glad the classroom observations are a requirement for education program. I mean it's like the best thing ever to prepare you to be a good teacher.
Well. I'm glad to say you feel that way, Matthew. You know, that's the goal. So, I've been reading over your observation notes and I'm quite interested in what's going on in particular with this astronomy unit he's been teaching.
The astronomy unit?
It seems Mr Grabell has mastered the interdisciplinary approach to teaching. The way he's been talking about in class.
Oh. Ok. Yeah, so like when he was teaching them astronomy? He didn't just teach the names of the planets, he used that way to teach mythology.
Really! So how did he do that?
Well. Some of the students could already know the name of the planets, but they didn't know that name has any meaning--the story behind them.
So, he...
He introduced Greek and Roman mythology as a way as explaining. Like, you know, how like Jupiter is the biggest planet, right? And how Jupiter was the name of the king of Gods in Roman mythology, right? So since Jupiter, the planet, is the largest planet in the sonar system, it's like the king of planets, like Jupiter was the king of all the Gods.
Oh. Matthew. That's a great example.
Yeah. And each student chose a planet and then did research to write a report and make a presentation. They went to the library to do the research. Then they made presentation about the planet they chose.
So, in one science unite, in which the focus are astronomy, the students also learned about literature of Greek and Roman mythology, used research skills in a library, wrote a report and practiced their oral presentation skills.
Exactly. He used this one topic to teach third-grades all that stuff--how to use books in a（不是the吧） library, to write reports and even how to speak in public, plus he had a great time doing it.
You know, Matthew, this is just what we've been talking about in our class. I'm sure everyone can learn something from your experience. You know, Matthew, I'd like you to talk about this astronomy unit in class on Wednesday.
Really? Uh...’Cause I don't really think I’ll have any time to write my paper by then.
Oh. You won't need to write anything new just yet. For Wednesday, use your class observation notes and explain the things we’ve discussed today.
Ok. That sounds all right.
作者: yy2326218 时间: 2009-11-28 18:44:16
Listen to part of lecture in an archeology class
Ok, we've been talking about earlier agriculture in the near east, so let's concentrated on one site, and see what we can learn from it.Let's OK(?)(look at) CatalhoYuk, en, I bet(?)(I'd better) write that down. Catahoyoke, that's about this(as) closes (as) we get in English. It's Turkish, really. The sites in modern day Turkey and who knows what the original habitants called it. Anyway, Catalhoyuk wasn't the first agriculture settlement in the near east, but it was pretty early, settled about 9,000 years ago in the neolithic period. And em.. the settlement, em.. town, really, lasted about (a) thousand years, and grew to a size of about eight or ten thousand people. That really(certainly) makes it one of the largest towns in the world (at) that time.
One of the things that makes the settlement of this size impressive is the time period. It's the neolithic, remember, the late stone age, so the people that lived there had only stone tools, no metals. So everything they complished(acomplished), like building this town, they did was(with) just stone. plus wood, breaks(?)(bricks), that sort of thing. But you gotta remember that it wasn't just any stone they had, they had obsidian. And obsidian is a black, volcanic, well, almost like glass. It flakes very nicely into really sharp points. The sharp is the(sharpest) tools of the entire stone age were made of obsidian. And the people of Catalhoyuk got there's from they are England(theirs from further inland), from central Turkey. Traded for it, probably.
Anyway what I wanna focus on is the way the town was build(built). The houses were all rectangular one storey made of some(sun) dried brakes(?)(bricks). But what's really interesting is that there are no spaces between them. No streets another words. And so generally no doors on the houses either. People walked arround on the roofs, and entered the house through the hatchway on the roof, downed(down a) wooden ladder. You can still see the diagnol marks of the ladders in the plust(?)(plaster,石膏,灰泥) on the inside walls. Once you were in the house, there would be one main room, and (a) couple of small rooms for storage. The main room had the harse(?)(hearths,壁炉) for cooking and for heat, it would've been pretty cold in(during) the winters. And it also looks like they made of(their) tools near the fire. There tends to be a lot of obsidian flakes and chips in the hard's(?)(hearth) ashes. But no chimney. The smoke just ran(went) out the same hatchway that people used for going out and in themselves. So there would have been an open fire inside the house, with only one hole in the roof to let the smoke out. You and I would (have) founded a bit too smoky in there. You can see on the walls, which the plus did(?)(they plastered) and decorated with paintings, they ended up with a layer of black cittern(?)(soot) on them. And so did people's lungs. The bones found in the graves, show a layer of (soot on the) inside of the ribs. And that's another unusual feature of Catalhoyuk. The burial sites. The graves have all been found under the houses, right under the floors, and (it) maybe this burial custom that explains why the houses were pacted so tightly without streets. I mean, you might think it was for protection for(or) something, but there's been no evidence found yet of any violent attack what(that) indicate that kind of danger. It maybe there one of(they wanted to) live nears(as) possible to their ancestor's graves. And be buried near (them) themselves. But it makes a good point.
Based on next divitions(excavations,出土文物), we can know the layout of the houses and location of the graves, but we're only guessing, when we try(tried) to say why they did that way. That's the way it is the(with) acheology. You're doing(dealing) with the physical remains the people laugh(?)(left) behind. We have no short(sure) access to what they thought and how they felt about things, I mean, it's interesting the(to) speculate, and the physical artifacts give some(us) clues. But there's a lot we can't really know. So, for instance, the(their) art, they painted on the plused(plasted) walls, and usually they painted hunting things(scenes) with wild animals in them. Now they did hunt, and they also raise serioul(?)(cereal,谷类) crops and kept sheep. But we don't know why so many of the paintings observe(are of) hunting things(scenes), was it supposed to have religions or magical significance? That's the kind of thing we can only guess at, based on clues. And hopefully, for the escevation(?)(futher excavation) of Catalhoyuk, we're use(?)(well yield) more clues, but we'll probably never know for sure.
总结：
这篇听得惨不忍睹啊。。。一眼看过去全是红的。。。
觉得有问题的地方，一定听不对，觉得没问题的地方，也有问题。。。
囧了。。。
大概和考古背景知识缺乏也有关。。。
总之觉得很难啊。。。
作者: 溜冰小新 时间: 2009-11-28 20:52:03
Archeology class
Ok, we’ve been talking about early argucultureàagriculture in Newrousàthe near east. So let’s concentrate on one sideàsite and see what we can learn from it. Let’s okàlook at Catalhoyuk, I’d better write that down. Cataculhoyyuk, that’s about the clothesàas close as we get in Engilsh. It’s turkeishàTurkey really. they saysàThe sites in morden day turleyàTurkey and who knows what the original inhabitants called it. Anyway, Catalhoyuk wasn’t the first algricultureàagricultural settlement in the nearestànear east, but it’ was pretty early, settled about 9000 years ago in the Neolithic period. And the settlement, town really, lasted about a thoudsand years and grew to a size of about 8 or 10 thound people. That makes it one of the largest towns in the world at that time.
One of the things make the settlement of this size impressive is the time period. It’s the Neolithic, remember, the late stone age. So the people that leavedàlived there only had stone tools, no metals. So everything they accomplished, like building this town, they did with just stone, plus wood, breaksàbricks, that sort of thing. But you got to remember that it wasn’t just any stone they had, they had obsidian. And uh, obsidian is a black vocanic, well almost like glass. It flacksàflakes very nicely into very sharp points. The sharpest tools of the entire Stone Age made of obsidian. And the people of Cataholyuk got theirs from further inland, from centrial turkey, traded for it properbalyàprobably.
Anyway, what I wanna focus on is the way the town was built. The houses are all right tangularàrectangular and one storyàstorey(楼层) made sun dright àdried bricks. But what’s really interesting is that there are no spaces between them, no streets in other words, and so generally no doors on the houses either. People walked around on the roofs and entered the house through a hatchway天花板出入口 on the roof down the wooden ladder. You can still see the diagonal marks of the ladders in the plaster on the inside walls. Once you were in the house, there would be one main room and a couple of small rooms for storage. The main room had the hashàhearths炉子, for cooking and for heat. It would be pretty cold during the winters. And it also looks like they made tools near the fire. theiràThere tends to be a lot of obsidian flacksàflakes and chips in the ash asheetsàhearth ashes, but no chimney. The smoke just went out the same hatchway that people used for going in and out themsleves. So there would have been an open fire inside the house with only one hole in the roof to let the smoke out. You and I would have found it a bit too smoky in there. You can see on the walls, which they plastered and decorated the paintings. They and the black layer certain on them àended up with a layer of black soot(烟尘) on them, and so did people’s lungthàungs. The bones found in the graves showed a layer of suitàsoot on the inside of the ripesàribs. And that’s another unusual feature of Cataholyuk, the beralàburial sites. The grapesàgraves have all been found under the houses, right under the floors. And it maybe this beralàburial custom that explains why the houses were pattedàpacked in so tightly without strightsàstreets. I mean, you might think it’s for protection or something, but there’s no evidence found yet of any violantàviolent attack that would indicate that kind of danger. It maybe they wanted to live as near as possible to their ancestors’ graves and be berayedàburied near them themselves. But it makes a good point.
Based on next devisionsàexcavations, we can know the layeràlayout设计 of the houses and the location of the graves, but we are only guessing when we tried to say why they did it that way. TheàThat’s the way it is with archeology. You are dealing with physical remains andàthat people left behind. We have no sure access to what they thought and how they felt about things. I mean it’s interesting to speculate. And the physical artifacts can give us clues, but there is a lot we cannnot really know. So, for instance, their art. Their instantàpainted on the plastered walls and usually they painted hunting scenes with wild animals in them. Now they did hunt and they also raised seriousàcereal crops they achieveàand kept sheep, but we don’t know why so many of the paintings andàare of hunting scenes. Was it supposed to have religious or magical significance? That’s the kind of thing we can only guess and base on the clus. And hopefully, further excurvation of Catahlyuk foràwill yeild more clus. But we’ll probably never know for sure.
累死了~自创了好多单词出来~
作者: happyfaith2008 时间: 2009-11-28 22:26:27
我好像又做错作业了。
不管了！听写就是了！
11月28日 来自03
TPO 1L 4
Hi Mathew, I’m glad you can come in today. You’ve been observing Mr.Grable’s third-grade class for your approached to education paper, right?
Hummm, yes. I go over the Johnson Elementary School, you know, watch Mr.Grable teach the children in class. It’s been amazing, I mean, I’m just learning so much from just watching him. I’m so glad the classroom observations are a requirement for the education program. I mean it’s like the best thing ever to prepare you to be a good teacher.
Well, I’m glad to see you feel that way, Mathew. You know, that’s the goal. So, I’ve been reading over your observation notes and I’m quite interested in what’s going on, in particular what’s the astronomy unit he’s been teaching.
The astronomy unit?
It seems that Mr.Grable has mastered the interdisciplinary approach to teaching---the way we’ve been talking about in class.
Oh! Ok, yeah, so like when he was teaching them asteronomy, he didn’t just teach them the names of the planets, he used it as a way to teach mythology.
Really? So, how did he do that?
Well, some of the students could already name the planets, but they didn’t know that the names had any meaning----the stories behind them.
So, he----
He introduced Greek and Roman mythology as a way of explaining. Like, you know, how like Jupiter’s the biggest planet, right, and how Jupiter was the name of the king of the gods in Romam mythology, right? So since Jupiter, the planet, is the largest planet in our solar system, it’s like the king of the planets, like Jupiter was the king of all the gods.
Oh, Mathew, that’s a great example.
Yeah! And each student chose a planet and then did research on it to write a report and make a presentation they chose.
So, in one science unit, in which the facus was astronomy, the students also learned about the literature of Greek and Roman mythology, used research skills in the library, wrote a report and praciced their oral presentation skills.
Exactly! He used this one topic to teach third-grades all that stuff---how to use the books in the library, to write reports, and even how to speak in public. Plus they had a great time doing it.
You know, Mathew, this is just what we’ve been talking about in our class. I’m sure everyone can learn something from your experience. You know, Mathew, I’d love you to talk about this astronomy unit in class on Wednesday.
Really? Hummm....’cause I don’t really think I’ll have any time to write my paper by then.
Oh, you won’t need to write anything new just yet. For Wednesday, use your class observation notes and explain the things we’ve discussed today.
Ok, that sounds all right.
作者: 莘梓 时间: 2009-11-29 10:18:46
本帖最后由 莘梓 于 2009-11-29 10:20 编辑
For today’s discussion, we’ll review the case study on how some animals have behaviorally adapted to their environments. Now you had now read about two animal species, the Eastern Marmot and the Olympic Marmot. Marmots are rodents. Their large ground gorws(squirrels), about the size of an average house cat. and they live a variety of habitats. And know(even though) they spend significant portion of the year habiniating(hibernating). According to this case study, marmots are still considered excellent subjects for animal behavioral studies. Why is that?
S: Well, when they are not habernating(hibernating), you can find they in open areas, and they are pretty active during the day, which makes them easy to observe, right?
Uhhu, so first let’s discuss the Eastern Marmots. They were less to(reside) through out in the eastern region of North America with(where there is) a temprate climate. The growing season last for these(at least) five months of the year, which is when they do for order(all their) mating, playing and eating.
S: Oh, I see. At first, I wasn’t sure what growing season meant. Just from the readng, now I get it. It’s the amount of time it takes for them to grow, right? So it would be five months?
Oh, I’m sorry, but no. It has nothing to do with that. It is not about the time it takes for eastern marmot to grow. It’s when the food is available, that is, when it’s not covered in snow and there’s no fos(frost) covering the grass. And vegetated(vegetative) parts of a plants(plant’s herbs) and the flowers that the marmot like to eat. So growing season refers to the availability of the food they eat, OK? So now, how would you describe the eastern marmots social habits?
S: Well, they really territorial and loners and just so agreesive even with aother eastern marmots. And their mating recholls(rituals)仪式 just so impersonal.
Uhhg? Now when they mergen(emerge) in the spring from hibernation, the mating progress begins. For them, well, they come toghter to mate and then they go to seprate ways. Then about 6 to 8 weeks after birth, the offsprings leave their mothers.
S: Really? just 6 weeks? Is it possible for the offsprings to make it on their own so young?
Well, it is not that(as if) they are(aren’t) ready for the real worlds, because they are. Remember, they mature quickly and what is(the weather’s) nice. Also they live open fields with(where there’s) lots of edible可食用的 vagetation. So rapidly(roughly) 6 weeks after birth, eastern marmots are just old enough to take their chances of surviving in the temperate environment. So how’s it(does that) realated to the behavior?
S: Oh, I get it. Since the climate is not too bad, the eastern marmot don’t have to rely on each other too much. And they even don’t have to stay toghter as a family to survive either.
Uhhg? On the contract, the Olympic marmots, what about them?
S: Well, they live toghter as a family and take care of the young until they are 2 years old, they are really friendly with each other, and What I really like is that they even have greating(greeting)问候 ceremonies. And they are not all aggressive and territorial like the eastern marmots. So their social behaviors so different from eastern marmots because the climates what they live? That seems so bezar(bizarre).
Well, the Olympic marmots have a(inhabit) middles(meadows) high in the Olympic mountains where the whether conditions are much harsher. So there’s a lot more wind and snow. The growing season only last about 2 to 3 months. So in that much shorter period of time, all the Olympic marmots, male and female, eat, play, work and take(nurture) the young toghter, because the climate is so harsh, coorperation increases the survivial rate of Olympic marmots. They keep their young at home until they are physically able to survive on their own. This could explain why the behavior of Olympic marmots is so unlikely that of eastern marmots.
单词发音还是不熟，经常听错~
作者: 名字是个词儿 时间: 2009-11-29 12:01:29
11月29日，听写 TPO1.6
这段有些细节很麻烦。
For today's discussion, we'll review the case study on how some animals have behavioraly(behaviorally 拼写) adapt(adapted) to the(their) environment(enviornments). Now you you had to read about two animal species, the Eastern Marmot, and the Olympic Marmot. Marmots are rodens(rodents 啮齿类动物), they are large ground skwirls(squirrels 没听出来是松鼠), about the size of an average house cat, and they live in a varioty(variety) of habitats. And, even though they spend the significant portion of the year hibernating, according to this case study, marmot are still considered excalent(excellent 竟然这个也不会拼，汗) subject(subjects) for animal behavioral studies, why is that?
Well, when they are not hibernating, you can find them in open areas,and they are pretty active during the day, which makes them easy toobserve, right?
Uh-ha. So, first let's disscuss the Eastern Marmots. They authorize well(reside throughout 听了十遍也没听出来) the eastern region of north america, where there is a temperary(temperate) climate, where the growing season lasts for at least five months a(of the) year, which is when they do all their mating, playing, and eating.
Oh, I see, at first I wasn't sure what growing season meant, just from the reading, but now I get it, it's the amount time that(it) takes for them to grow, right? So it'd be... five months?
Uhm, oh, I'm sorry, but no, it has nothing to do with that. It's not about the time that it takes for Eastern Marmots to grow, it's when the food is avialable, that is, when it's not covered in snow, and there is no fruss(frost) cover
in(covering) the grass, and Umm, vegetative parts of Uh,(a) plants, urbes(plant's herbs), and flower(the flowers) that(the) marmot(marmots) like to eat. So, growing season refers to the avialability(availability 又是一个极低级错误) of the food they eat, OK? So, now, how would you discribe(describe) the eastern marmot's social habits?
Well, they are really teritorial(territorial), and loners, and... just so agressive(aggressive), even with other eastern marmots, and their mating ritual is just so... inpersonal(impersonal).
Uh-ha, now when they imerge in the spring from hibernation, the mating process begins. Fow(For 呃，键盘操作也算问题) them, well, they come together to mate, and then they go their seperate(separate) ways, then about 6 or 8 weeks after birth, their offspring leave their mothers.
Really? Just six weeks? Is it possible for the offspring to make it on their own so young?
Well, it's not as if they aren't ready for the really(real)world, course, they are. Remember, they mature quickly, and the weatheris nice. Also they live in open fields, where there is lots of egible(edible 可食用的) vegetation. So, roughly six weeks after birth, eastern marmots are just old enough to take their chances of surviving in the tempered invironment(temperate environment). So, how does this relate to their behavior?
Oh, I get it, since the climate is not too bad, eastern marmots don'thave to rely on each other too much, and they really don't need to staytogether as a family to survive, either.
Uh-ha, and in contrase(contrast), the Olympic Marmots, what about them?
Well, they live together as a family, and take care of their younguntil they are at least two years old. They are really friendly witheach other, and what I really like is that they even have greetingceremonies, and they are not at all agressive(aggressive) in teritorial(territorial) like the Eastern Marmots. So, Umm, their social behaviors(behavior is) so different from Eastern Marmots, because of the climate where they live? that seem(seems) so bizzar(bizarre).
Well, the Olympic Marmots in heavy(inhabit 这个词，见到了认识，但听到了就反应不过来，用就更不会了) meadows in high in the Olympic mountains, where the weather condition is(conditions are) much harsher, so there are(is)a lot more wind and snow, the growing season only lasts about 2 to 3months. So in that much shorter period of time, all the OlympicMartots, male and female, eat, work, play, and nurcher(nurture 养育) the young together, because the climate is so harsh, cooreration(cooperation)increases the survival rate of the Olympic Marmots. They keep theiryoung at home until they are physically able to survive on their own,this could explain why the social behavior of the Olympic Marmots is sounlike that of the Eastern Marmots.
这段错得真多，改死我了。核对听写很浪费时间哪～～
作者: i2000s 时间: 2009-11-29 16:14:35
本帖最后由 i2000s 于 2009-11-29 16:16 编辑
31# i2000s
TPO1-5 lecture
----------------------------
6:16-6:23-6:29-6:34-6:35
b a(b) cd(a) a(c) a bc(e)d
-7:26-7:42-7:50-7:54
Ok. We've been talking about earlyagriculture in the near east, so let's concentrate on one sitdeand see what we can learn from it. Let's look at catalhoyuk...uh...I'd betterwrite thatit down.Catalhoyuk--that's about theas close asswe get in English. It's Turkish, really. The sight'tesin modern dayTurkey, and who knows what the original habitants called it. Anyway...uh...catalhoyuk wasn't the first agriculture of settlementsin the near east, butit was pretty early, settled about nine thousand years ago in the Neolithicperiod. And…hmmm… thesettlement, a town really, lasted aboutthousand years and groupedew to asize of about eight or ten thousandpeople. That certainabsolutelymakes it one of the largest towns in theworld at that time.
One of the things that makesthe settlement of this size impressive is the time period. It's the Neolithic,remember, t? Thelate stone age. So the people that lived there had only stone tools, no metals.So everything they accomplished, like buildingthis town, they did with just stone, plus wood, briocks...thatsort of thing. But you've got to remember that it wasn't just any stone theyhad, they had obsidian. And …umm…obsidianis a black, volcanic, well, almost like glass. Its flack'sreally nicely andintoreally sharp points. The sharpest tools of entire stone age were made ofobsidian. And...uh...the people of catalhoyuk got thereirsfrom further inland from center Turkey, traded for it, probably.
Anyway, what I wannat tofocus on is the way the town was built. The houses were all rectangular, one storey madeof sun -driedybriocks.But what's really interesting is that there are no spaces between them--nostreet, in other words, and so generally, no doors on the houses either. ///
早上听的，先发上来
蓝色是我认为参考脚本不合适的地方，不知道对不对啊。。。
作者: bobby008 时间: 2009-11-29 19:33:50
Listen to part of lecture in a biology class
For today’s disscution(disscussion), we will review case studies (study) on some animals (have) behaviorly(behaviorally) adapted to the environments(environments). now you have to read about two speices(species), the eastern marmot and olympic marmot. Marmots are rodents. Their(they are) large grouds grows(ground squirrels) about the size of aborcus(an average house这块儿有点儿玄幻) cat and they live in the a variety habitats. And even though they spend a significant portion of the year hibernating, according to this case study, marmots are still considered excellent subject (subjests) in(for) animal behavior studies. Why is that?
Well, when they are not hibernating, you can find them in open areas and they are pretty active during the day, which makes them easy to observe right? Uha, so first let’s discuss the eastern marmots. They reside throughout the eastern region of America, where (there) is the temperate climate. Where the grow season lasts for at least five months a year. Which is when they do all their mating, plan (playing) and eating.
Oh I see ,at first I was not sure what the grown season meant. Just from the reading but now I get it. It’s amount of time to (it) take (for) them to grow right? So it will be five months? Ha? Oh, I’m sorry but no. It has nothing to do with that. It’s not (about) the time it takes each (eastern) marmot to grow. It’s when the food is available. That is when it’s not covered by (in) snow and there is no frost covering the grass and the vegetated (vegetative) parts of the (a) plants (plant’s) urbs (herbs) and flowers marmots like to eat. So the growing season refers to the availability of food they eat. Ok ? now how would you explain eastern marmots social habits?
Well, they are really territorial and loners and so aggressive even with other eastern marmots. And their mating ritual is so impersonal.
Now when they emergen (emerge) from spring hibernation. The mating process begins. For them, well, they come together to mate and (then) they go to separate ways. Then about six weeks after their birth, the offspring leave their mothers. Really? Just six weeks? Is that possible for the offspring to make it on their own? so young? Well it’s not if (as if) they are ready for the real world. Because they are. Remember, they mature quickly and the whether is nice. Also they live in open fields when (where) there are lots of available vegetation. So roughly six weeks after birth, eastern marmots are just old enough to take chances of surviving in the temperate enviornment (environment). So, how is this related to their behavior? Oh, I get it, since the climate is not too bad. Eastern marmot don’s have to relie (rely) on each other too much. And they don’t need to stick (stay) together to survive either. Any contrast, the olympic marmot? Well, they live together as a family and take care of their young untill (until they are) at least two years old. They’re really friendly with each other. And what I really like, that they even have greeting ceremonis (ceremonies). And they are not at all aggressive and territorial like eastern marmots. So their social behaviors are so different from eastern marmets because (of) the climate where they live? That seems so bizzard (bizarre). Well the olympic marmots in habits middles (meadows) high in olympic mountains where the weather conditions are much harsher. So there are lot more wind and snow. The growing season only lasts 2-3 months. So in that much shorter pireod (period) of time all the olympic marmots male and female eat, play and mature the young together. Because the climate is so harsh, corporation (cooperation) increases the survival rate of olympic marmots. They keep their young at home until they are phisically (physically) able to survive on their own. This would explain why the social behavior of olympic marmots is so unlike that of eastern marmots.
作者: 素怿 时间: 2009-11-29 20:13:37
tpo1-6
listen to the part of the lecture in the biology class.
For today’s discussion, we’ll review the case study on how some animals behaviorally adapted to their environments. Now, you had to read about 2 animals species: the eastern marmot and the Olympic marmot.
The marmot rodents, they are large ground squirrels, about the size of an average house cat and they living variety of habitats. And even though they spend the significant portion of the year hibernating. According to this case study, marmots are still considered excellent subjects for animal behavioral. Why is that?
Well, when they are not hibernating, you can find them in open areas. and they are pretty active during the day, which makes them easy to observe, right?
w: Uh-ha, so first let's discuss the eastern marmots, they reside throughout the eastern region of north American there is a temperate climate, where the growing season lasts for at least 5 mouths of the year, which is when they do all their mating playing and eating.
m: Oh I see, at first I wasn’t sure what growing season meant, just for the reading.
But now I get it. It is the amount of time, it takes for them to grow, right? so it would be 5 mouths?
w: oh, I'm sorry, but no. it has nothing to do with that. It is not about the time takes for eastern marmots to grow. It's when the food is available ,that is when it is not covered in snow and there is no frost covering the grass and vegetative parts of a plant’s herbs and the flowers that marmots like to eat, so growing season refers to the availability of the food they eat, OK? SO, now, how would you describe the eastern marmots’ the social habits？
Well，there is the territorial, and loner，and just so aggressive even with other eastern marmots and their mating ritual is just so impersonal.
Uh-ha? Now they emerge in the spring for hibernation, the mating process begins. For them, well, they come together to make and then they go to the separate ways. Then about 6 to 8 weeks after birth, the offspring leave their mothers.
Really? Just 6 weeks? It that possible for the offspring to make it on their owns so young?
well, it's not if they aren’t ready for the real world, because they are. Remember, they mature quickly and weather is nice. also they live in open fields where there is lots of edible vegetation. So roughly 6 weeks after birth, eastern marmots are just old enough to take their chances of surviving and temperate environment. So how does this relative behavior?
Oh, i get it. Since the climate’s not too bad, the eastern marmots don’t have to rely on each other to much, and they really don't need to stay together as a family to survive either.
Uh-ha, any contrast the olympic marmots ,what about them?
well, they live together as a family and take care of the young until they are at least 2 years old. They are really friendly with each other and what i really like is that they even have greeting ceremonies. and they are not at all the aggressive
are territorial like eastern marmots. So their social behavior is so different from the eastern marmot because of the climate where they live?
That's seem to so bizarre.
Well, the olympic marmots inhabit meadows high in the Olympic mountains where the weather conditions are much harsher. So there is a lot more wind and snow. The growing seasons only lasts about 2 to 3 mouths. So in that much shorter poried of time, all the olympic marmots, male and female, eat play work and nurture young together. Because the climate is so harsh, cooperating increases the survival rate of the olympic marmots. They keep their young at home until they are physically able to survive on their own.
This could explain why the social behavior of the olympic marmots is so unlike that on that of the eastern marmots.
作者: lanyouno2 时间: 2009-11-30 12:10:03
本帖最后由 lanyouno2 于 2009-11-30 12:49 编辑
TPO1-L6
注：标为黄色的为听漏,粉色为听不出，红色为听错的，
a biology class4 c" N. z3 [% V" ~" d
For today’s disscussion, we will review on case study on some animals have behaviored(behaviorally) adapted to the environments.Now you had to read about two species, the eastern marmot and olympic marmot. Marmots are rootens（rodents）. they are a large grounds grows(ground quirrels) about the size of an average house cat and they live in the a variety habitats. And even though they spend a significant portion of the year hybernating(hibernating), according to this case study, marmots are still considered excellent subjests in for animal behavior studies. Why is that?
Q& W" {! T7 y3 K j
S(Student): Well, when they are not hibernating(下同), you can find them in open areas and they put it (are pretty) active during the day, which makes them easy to observe, right?
P(Professor):Uha, so first let’s discuss the eastern marmots. They reside throughout the eastern region of America, where there is the temperate climate. Where the grow season lasts for at least five months a year. Which is when they do all their mating, playing and eating.
S : Oh I see ,at first I was not sure what the grown season meant. Just from the reading but now I get it. It’s amount of time to (it) takes (for them) to grow right? So it will be five months? Ha? Oh, I’m sorry but no. It has nothing to do with that. It’s not about the time it takes eastern marmot to grow. It’s when the food is available. That is when it’s not covered by in snow and there is no frost covering the grass and the vegetative parts of a plant’s herbs and flowers marmots like to eat. So the growing season refers to the availability of food they eat. Ok ? now how would you explain eastern marmots social habits?
Well, they are really teritorial（territorrial） and loners(longers) and so aggressive even with other eastern marmots. And their mating ritual is so impersonal.
Now when they emerge from spring hibernation. The mating process begins. For them, well, they come together to mate and then they go to separate ways. Then about 6 weeks after their birth, the offspring leave their mothers. Really? Just six weeks? Is that possible for the offspring to make it on their own so young?
Well it’s not as if they are ready for the real world. Because they are. Remember, they mature quickly and the whether is nice. Also they live in open fields where there are lots of available vegetation. So roughly six weeks after birth, eastern marmots are just old enough to take chances of surviving in the temperate environment. So, how is this related to their behavior? Oh, I get it, since the climate is not too bad. Eastern marmot don’s have to rely on each other too much. And they don’t need to stay together to survive either. Any contrast, the olympic marmot? Well, they live together as a family and take care of their young until they are at least two years old. They’re really friendly with each other. And what I really like, that they even have greeding（greeting） ceremonies. And they are not at all aggressive and territorial like eastern marmots. So their social behaviors are so different from eastern marmets because of the climate where they live? That seems so bezzard (bizarre). Well the olympic marmots in habits middles (meadows) high in olympic mountains where the weather conditions are much harsher. So there are lot more wind and snow. The growing season only lasts 2 to 3 months. So in that much shorter pireod (period) of time all the olympic marmots male and female eat, play and mature the young together. Because the climate is so harsh, cooperation increases the survival rates of olympic marmots. They keep their young at home until they are physically able to survive on their own. This would explain why the social behavior of olympic marmots it is so unlike that of eastern marmots.
其中还有很多第三人称单数，名词单复数未能准确听写出，这是个问题。
作者: 名字是个词儿 时间: 2009-11-30 16:54:19 标题: 11月30日听写，TPO3.1
本帖最后由 名字是个词儿 于 2009-11-30 16:55 编辑
Listen to a conversation between a student and a receptionest[receptionist] at the registral[registrar's] office on the first day of a semester.
Excuse me, I'm supposed to be having my physics class in the science building, but no one is in the classroom. Could you tell me where the class is? Physics 403, has it been moved?
Well, there is a room assignment sheet on the bullion[bulletin] board outside this office.
Yeah, I know, but my class isn't listed there, there must be some kind of mistake or something. Could you look it up, please?
Hmm, OK, let me check on the computer. It's physics, right? Wait, did you say physics 403?
Yeah.
Well, I'm sorry, but it says here that it was canceled[cancelled]. You should have got a[note] letter from the registral[registrar's] office about this.
What? I[I've] never got it.
Are you sure? Cause it says on this computer that the letter was sent out to students a week ago.
Really? I should've got it by now. I wonder if I threw it away with all the junk mail by mistake.
Well, it does happen. Uh, let me check something, what's your name?
Woodhouse, Laura Woodhouse.
Ok, Umm, Woodhouse, let me see. All right[Ah], it says here we sent it to your appartment on Center Street.
Oh, that's my old appartment, I moved out of there a little while ago.
Well, and I suppose you havn't changed your mailling adress at the administration office? Well, that would explain it.
Yeah, I guess that's it. But how can they cancel a[the] class after offering it? If I'd known this was gonna happen, I'd have taken it last semester.
I know, it's really inconveniont[inconvenient] for you, I understand that, but if we don't have enough students sign up for the course, the college can't offer it, you know, it's pracical[practical] issue, like we can't have an instructor when there are only a few student in the class. You see what I mean?
I guess, but now I don't know what course I should take instead.
OK, let's see, do you have any courses you were[are] gonna take, say next semester? If you do, you might wanna take them now, and sign up for physics 403 next semester.
Yeah, I guess I could do that, I just hope it won't be canceled[cancelled] again. Do you know how many people have to be enrolled in order to keep a course[class] from being canceled?
Well, it depends on the class, but for that class, you have to have, Ahh, let's see, usually it'd be at least ten people, but since it was canceled[cancelled] this semester, they might even do it with less. But do you know what you should do? Give the physics department a call a couple of weeks before the semester start[starts], they'll be able to tell you if they are planning to go through with it, it's their dicession[decision], actually.
Oh, OK, I'll do that. Thanks for the info.
No problem, sorry about the class, Oh, why don't you go change your mail adress now? It'll only take a minute.
Oh, sure, I'll do that right away.
内容比较简单，但错了好多低级拼写。。。
作者: happyfaith2008 时间: 2009-11-30 18:13:35
一句一句听的，还不是那么那么糟！
TPO 1 L 6
For today’s discussion, we’ll review the case study on how some animals have behaviorally adapted to their environments. Now you had to read about two animal species, the Eastern marmot and the Olympic marmot. Marmots are rodents. They are large goound squirrels, about the size of an average house car. And they live in a variety of habitats. And even though they spend the significant portion of the year hibernating, according to this case study, marmots are still considered excellent subjects for animal behacioral studies. Why is that?
Well, when they are not hibernating, you can find them in open areas. And they are pretty active during the day, which makes them easy to oberve, right?
So first let’s discuss the Eastern marmots. They reside throughout the eastern region of North America where there is a temperate climate, where the growning season lasts for at last five months of the year, which is when they do all their mating, playing and eating.
Oh, I see. At first I wasn’t sure what growing season meant, just from the reading. But now I get it. It’s the amount of time it takes for them to grow, right? Si it would be five moths?
Umm? Oh, uh.....I’m sorry but no. It has nothing to do with that. It’s not about the time it takes fir Eastern marmots to grow. It’s when the food is available. That is when it’s not covered in snow and there is no frost covering the grass and, umm, vegetative parts of a plant’s herbs and the flowers the marmots like to eat. So growing season refers to the availability of the food they eat, OK? So now how would you describe the Eastern marmots’ social habits?
Well, they are really territorial, and loners, and just so aggressive even with other Eastern marmots. And their mating ritual is just so impersonal.
Uh-ha? Now when they emerge in the spring from hivernation, the mating process begins. For them, well, they come together to mate and then they go their separate ways. Then about six to eight weeks after birth, the offspring leave their mothers.
Really? Just six weeks? Is that possible for the offspring to make it on their own so young?
Well, it’s not as if they arem’t ready fot the real world because they are. Remenber, they mature quickly and the weather’s nice. Also they live in open fields where there is lots of edible vegetation. So roughly six weeks after birth, Eastern marmots are just old enough to take their chances of surviving in the temperate environment. So how does this relate to their behavior?
Oh, I get it. Since the climate’s not too bad, the Eastern marmots don’t have to rely on each other too much and they rally don’t need to stay together as a family to survive either.
Un-ha. Any contrast, the Olympic marmots? What about them?
Well, they live together as a family and take care of their young until they are at least two years old. They’re rally friendly with each other. And what I really like is that they even have greeting ceremonies. And they are not at all aggressive and territorial like the Eastern marmots. So their social behavior is so diffrent from Eastern marmots because of the climate where they live? That seems so bizarre.
Well, the Olympic marmots inhabit meadows high in the Olymoic Mountians where the weather conditions are much harsher. So there is a lot more wind and snow. The growing season only lasts about two to three months. So in that much shorter period of time, all the Olympic marmots, male and female, eat, play, work and nurture the young together, Becsuse the climate is si harsh, cooperation increases the survival rate of the Olympic marmots. They keep their young at home until they ate phsically able to survive on their own. This could explain why the social behavior of the Olymoic marmots id so unlike that of the Eastern marmots.l
作者: hulinlin24 时间: 2009-11-30 19:16:22
N7 K, H" R [
Excuse me, I'm supposed to be having my physics class in the science building, but no one is in the classroom. Could you tell me where the class is? Physics 4or3(403), has it been moved?
Well, there is a room assignment sheet on the (bulletin) board outside this office. 1 P& S% h2 R' k7 B0 l! a4 }
Yeah, I know, but my class isn't listed there, there must be some kind of mistake or something. Could you look it up, please?5 q z3 D1 R Q) k8 W& e$ {
Hmm, OK, let me check on the computer. It's physics, right? Wait, did you say physics 4or3(403)? 1 m6 q, M) D& v0 }4 H8 z% L) y# L
Yeah. ( [' ]! l$ V$ G) I
Well, I'm sorry, but it says here that it was cancelled. You should have got a(note) letter from the registral（registrar's）office about this.
What? I(I've) never got it.
Are you sure? Cause it says on this computer that the letter was sent out to students a week ago.; j3 @3 b" P+ d0 B+ ^; @8 u/ k3 {
Really? I should've got it by now. I wonder if I threw it away with all the (junk) mail by mistake.9 d4 u; G" ]7 P; z
Well, it does happen. Uh, let me check sth, what's your name?4 r2 r) U( l: M. e8 ^$ l& x. w u: e
WH, L WH.
Ok, Umm, WH, let me see. All right,it says here we sent it to your appartment on Center Street.' ^5 O& n z+ e
Oh, that's my old appartment, I moved out of there a little while ago.0 x$ E) c9 M2 ^0 q2 }$ m4 N5 V
Well, and I suppose you havn't changed your mailling adress at the administration office? Well, that would explain it.& r2 B" J" V) C
Yeah, I guess that's it. But how can they cancel the class after offering it? If I'd known this was gonna happen, I'd have taken it last semester.' Z0 A3 W( f* r/ a/ v% ]6 J* s
I know, it's really inconvenient for you, I understand that, but if we don't have enough students sign up for the course, the college can't offer it, you know, it's practical issue, like we can't have an instructor when there are only a few student in the class. You see what I mean?8 u: k, P: X2 A [$ K
I guess, but now I don't know what course I should take instead. 6 T, Q. U2 k9 ]: Y! q
OK, let's see, do you have any courses you are gonna take, say next semester? If you do, you might wanna take them now, and sign up for physics 4or3(403) next semester.
Yeah, I guess I could do that, I just hope it won't be cancelled again. Do you know how many people have to be enrolled in order to keep a course(class) from being canceled?
Well, it depends on the class, but for that class, you have to have, Ahh, let's see, usually it'd be at least 10 people, but since it was cancelled this semester, they might even do it with less. But do you know what you should do? Give the physics department a call a couple of weeks before the semester start(starts), they'll be able to tell you if they are planning to go through with it, it's their decision, actually. x8 Z" N0 C- G+ L
Oh, OK, I'll do that. Thanks for the info. 4 |$ Y* v* O2 p9 f: m) L F
No problem, sorry about the class, Oh, why don't you go change your mail adress now? It'll only take a minute.
Oh, sure, I'll do that right away.
这篇确实蛮简单的。。很清晰。。就是我怎么会把403听成4or3呢。。我还纳闷了很久为什么不是3or4。。汗
有些单词还是没听出来。。特别是wanna,gonna 就没写对过
作者: summerdingdavid 时间: 2009-12-1 10:48:24
Listen to a part of lecture in the environmental class
Now we have been talking about the loss of animal habitat from housing developments. Um, growing cities, small habitats losses. But today we are going to discuss what happen when habitats is reduced across the area. There are animals species require large habitats and some migrate very long distance. So, what’s impact habitats loss in those animals, animals that need large habitats. Well, I will use hummingbird as example. Well, you know hummingbird is amazingly small, but even it is really tiny it migrate very long distances. Travel up and down the western hemisphere, the Americas. Back and force between it breeds in the summer and warmer climates where it spent the winter. So, we will say the whole area, the migrate area is the habitat. Because in the so long distance, it need to come down to feed, sleep, very so often, right?
Well, the hummingbird beats its wings get this about 3000 times per minute. So you think, wow! It must need a lot of energy, lot of food, right? Yes, it does, it drinks a lot of nectar in the flower and feeds from insect. But its energy efficient too, you can’t say it, isn’t. I mean, as flying across the Mexico Gulf, using all most none of its body fat. But it doesn’t mean it don’t need to eat. So hummingbird must rely on plants, nature in their habitats. The goes without saying, well, the opposite is true as well, plants depend on hummingbird too. There are some flowers can only be pollinated by hummingbird, without it stopping to feed and spread pollen from flowers to flowers, these flowers cease to exist. But, there is problem. As nature habitat along this migration rout developed by human for housing or agriculture or clear for raising cattle for instance. There is less food available to migrate hummingbirds. Their nesting sets are affected too, the same by the same sorts of human activities. And all these activities post a real threat to hummingbirds’ population. So to help them to survive, we need preserve the habitats. And, one of the concrete ways people have been doing this is by clearing up the polluted habitat areas. Um, replanting flowers, replanting native flowers that hummingbirds feed on. Promoting ecological tourism is another way to help saving their habitats. As the number of visitors, the eco-tourists who have come by the watching hummingbirds habitats, the more the visitors grow the more local business profit. So, ecological tourism can provide rewards, all more reasons to value these beautiful little creature’s habitats, right? But to understand more about how to protect them to support these hummingbirds the best we can? We’ve got to learn more about how they breeding, nesting set, migrating route and habitats we found there. That’s help us determine how to prevent further decline in their population. A good research method a good way to learn more is way to run a banding study. Banding the birds allow us to track their life time. It is practice have been used for years. In fact, what we know about hummingbirds coming from banding studies, where we capture hummingbird, about all its information, its weight, age and length. All of information putting into the international information databases. Then we change extremely lightweight on its legs. Well, it’s look like a leg, technically it considered as a part of foot. Anyway, these banding are perfect safe, some hummingbirds worn it for a years and no evidence show there are problems. The band with tracking number, oh, there is a phone number on band for people to call, for free, to report the band they found or recapture. So, when the abandon birds have been recaptured or reported, we know its route, grow, how life it have been alive, its life-span. One recaptured hummingbird is 12 years, she is one the oldest hummingbird have been recorded. Another interesting thing we have learned is that, some hummingbirds they no longer use a certain route. They travel by different routes to reach their destination. Finding these like these have been interested by biologists and environmental scientists in numbers of countries who try to understand how complexities changes in habitats affect species in it.
:)这篇比较简单些。
作者: summerdingdavid 时间: 2009-12-1 10:49:13
44# summerdingdavid
咦，修改的痕迹怎么贴上去就莫有了！！！
作者: 名字是个词儿 时间: 2009-12-1 11:20:16
本帖最后由 名字是个词儿 于 2009-12-1 11:26 编辑
Listen to part of a lecture in an environmental science class.
Now we've been talking about the laws[loss] of animals habitat from housing developments, Umm, growing cities, small habitat losses, but today I wanna begin talking about what happens when habitat is reduced across a large area. There are of course animal species that require large areas of habitat, and some migrate over very long distances. So what's the impact of habitat loss on those animals, animals that need large areas of habitat?
Well, I'll use the humming birds as an example. Now you know a humming bird is amazingly small, but even though it's really tiny, it migrates over very long distances, travels up and down the western hamesphere, the america's, back and forth between where breeze[it breeds] in the summer and the warmer climates where it spends the winter.
So we would say that this whole area over which it migrates is its habitat, because on this long distance journey, it needs to come down to feed and sleep every so often, right? Well, the humming bird's beats of swing[bird beats its wings], get this, about three thousand times per minute, so you'll think "Wow, it must need a lot of energy and a lot of food", right? Well, it does, it drinks a lot of nector[nectar花蜜] from flowers and feeds on some insects, but it's energy-efficient, too, you can't say it isn't, I mean as it flys all the way across the gulf of Mexco, it uses up almost none of its body fat. But that doesn't mean it doesn't need to eat. So humming birds have to rely on plants in their natural habitat, and it goes without saying, but, well, the opposite is true as well, plants depend on humming birds, too. There are some flowers that can only be polenated[pollenated] by the humming bird, without it stopping to feed and spreading polen[pollen花粉] from flower to flower, these plants would seeze[cease停止] to exist. But the problem, well, as natural habitat along these migration routes is developed by humans for housing or agriculture or cleared for raising cattle, for instance, there is less food available for migrating humming birds, there nesting sites are affected, too, the same... by the same sorts of human activities, and all of these activities pose of[a] real threat to the humming bird population.
So, to help them survive, we need to preserve their habitat, and one of the concrete ways people have been doing this is by cleaning up poluted[polluted] habitat areas, and then replanting flower, replanting native flowers that humming birds feed on. Promoting ecological tourism is another way to help save their habitat, as the number of visitors-ecotours[eco-tourists], who come to humming birds habitat to watch the birds, the more the number of visitors grows, the more local business profit, so ecological tourism can bring financial rewards, all them[the] more reason to value these beautiful creatures and[on] their habitat, right? But to understand more about how to protect and suport humming birds the best we can, we've gotta learn more about their breeding, nesting sites and migration route, and also about the natural habitats we find there, that just help us determine how to prevent for the[further] decline of the population.
A good research method, a good way to learn more is by, Umm, running a banding study. Banding the birds allows us to track them over their life time, it's a practise's[practice that's] been used by researchers for years. In fact most of what we know[we've known] about hmming birds comes from banding studies, where we capture a humming bird, and make sure all the information about it, like its weight, and age and length, are all recorded, put into international information database, and then we place an extremely light weight band arond one of its legs, well, what looks like a leg, although techniquely it's considered part of the bird's foot, anyway, these bands are perfectly safe, and some humming birds have worn them for years, with no evidence of any problems. The band is labled with a tracking number. Oh and, there is a phone number on the band for people to call, for free. To report a banded bird they found or recapture[recaptured]. So when a banded bird is recaptured and reported, we learn about its migration route, its growth, and how long it's been alive, its life spend[lifespan]. One recapured bird is[was] banded almost twelve years earlier, she is one of the oldest humming birds on record. Another interesting thing we've learnt is that some humming birds Umm, they no longer use a certain route, they travel by a different route to reach their destination, and findings like these have been of interest to biologists and environmental scientists in a number of countries, who are trying to understand the complexities of how changes in a habitat, affect the species in it, species like the humming birds.
作者: happyfaith2008 时间: 2009-12-1 12:03:25
这篇听起来还不错！嘿嘿！
TPO 3 L 1
Excuse me, I am supposed to be having my physics class in the science building, but no one’s in the classroom. Could you tell me where the class is? Physics 403---has it been moved?
Well, there’s a room assignment sheet on the bulletin board outside this office.
Yeah, I know, but my class isn’t listed there. There must be some kind of mistake or something. Could you look it up, please?
Hmmm....ok, let me check on the computer. It’s physics, right? Wait, did you say physics 403?
Yeah.
Er...I’m sorry, but it says here that it was cancelled. You should have got note letter from the registrar’s office about this.
What? I’ve never got it.
Are you sure? ‘Cause it says on the computer that the letter was sent out to students a week ago.
Really? I should have got it by now. I wonder if I threw it away with all the junk mail by mistake.
Well, it does happen. Er...let me check something. What’s your name?
Woodhouse, Laura Woodhouse.
Ok, hmmm...Woodhouse, let me see...ah, it says here we sent it to your apartment on er...Center Street.
Oh, that’s my old apartment. I moved out of there a little while ago.
Well, and I suppse you haven’t changed your mailing address at the adminisration office. Well that would explain it.
Yeah, I guess that’s it. But how can they cancel the class after offering it. If I’d known this was going to happen, I would have taken it last semester.
I know, it’s really inconvenient for you, I understand that, but er... if we don’t have enough students sign up for the course, the college can’t offer it. You know, it’s a practical issue, like we can’t have an instructor whem there’re only a few students in the class. You see what I mean?
I guess, but now I don’t know what course I should take instesd.
Ok, let’s see. Do you have any courses you’re going to take next semester? If you do, you might want to take them now and sign up for physics 403 next semester.
Yeah, I guess I could do that. I just hope it won’t be cancelled again. Do you know how many people have to be enrolled in order to keep a class fron being cancelled?
Well, it depends on the class, but fot that class, you have to have er...let’s see, usually it’d be at least ten people, but since it was cancelled this semester, they might even do it with less. But do you know what you should do? Give the physics department a call al couple of weeks before the semester starts. They’ll be able to tell you if they’re planning to go through with it. It’s their decision, actually.
Oh, ok, I will do that. Thanks for the infor.
No problem. Sorry about the class. Oh, when are you to go change a mail address now. It lonely takes a minute.
Oh, oh, sure, I will do that right way.
作者: i2000s 时间: 2009-12-1 15:13:05
091130 7:18-7:59
091201 6:35-6:56-7:10-7:14
People walked around on the roofs, and entered the house through a hatchway on the roof, down a wooden ladder. You can still see the diagonal marks of ladders in the plaster on the inside walls. Once you were in the house, there would be one main room and a couple of small rooms for storage. The main room had the hearths for cooking and for heat. It would be pretty cold during the winters. And it also looks like they made their tools near the fire. There tends to be a lot of obsidian flacks and chips in the hearth ashes. But no chimney, the smokes go out the same hatchway that people used for going in and out themselves. So there wouldn't be an open fire inside the house with only one hole in the roof to let the smoke out. You and I would’ve found it bit too smoky in there. You can see under walls with the plaster and decorated with paintings—they ended up with a layer of black soot on them, and so did people's lungs. The bones found in the graves show a layer of soot on the inside of the ribs.
And there's another unusual feature of catalhoyuk--the burial sites. The graves have all been found under the houses, right down the floors. And it may be this burial custom that explains why the houses were packed in so tightly without streets. I mean, you might think it was for protection or something, but there's been no evidence found yet of any violent attack that would indicate that kind of danger. ///
7:14-7:50-7:54, 8:25-8:34-8:46
It maybe they wanted to live as near as possible to the ancestors’ graves and be buried near them themselves. But it makes good point.
Based on the excavations, we can know the layout of the houses and location of the graves, but we’re only guessing when we tried to say why they did it that way. That’s the way it is with archeology. You’re dealing with the physical remains the people left behind. We have no sure access to what they thought and how they felt about things. I mean, it’s interesting to speculate, and the physical artifacts can give us clues, but there’s a lot we can’t really know. So, for instance, their art--they painted on the plastered walls and usually they painted the hunting scenes with wild animals in them. Now they did hunt and they also raised cereal crops and kept sheep. But we don’t know why so many of the paintings are hunting scenes. Was it supposed to have a religious or magical significance? That’s the kind of thing we can only guess at, based on clues. And hopefully, further excavation of catalhoyuk will yield more clues. But we’ll probably never know for sure.
补上这两天的
杂直接粘贴word文档看不到自己修改的痕迹？。。。
作者: shiwei83 时间: 2009-12-1 21:33:58
Listen to part of a lecture in an environmental science class.
Now, we’ve been talking about the loss of animal habitat from housing developments, uh…growing cities-small habitat losses. But today I wanna begin talking about what happens when habitat is reduced across a large area. There are, of course, animal species that require large area of habitat, and some migrate over very long distances. So, what’s the impact of habitat loss on those animals-animals that need large areas of habitat?
Well, I’ll use the humming birds as an example. Now you know a humming bird is amazingly small, but even though it’s really tiny, it migrates over very long distances, travels up and down the western hemisphere-the Americas, back and forth between where it breeds in the summer and the warmer climates where it’s spent the winter.
So we would say that this whole area over which it migrates is its habitat, because on this long distance journey, it needs to come down to feed and sleep every so often, right? Well, the humming bird beats its wings, get this, about three thousand times per minute, so you'll think "Wow, it must need a lot of energy and a lot of food", right? Well, it does, it drinks a lot of nectar from flowers and feeds on some insects, but it's energy-efficient, too, you can't say it isn't, I mean as it flys all the way across the gulf of Mexico, it uses up almost none of its body fat. But that doesn't mean it doesn't need to eat. So humming birds have to rely on plants in their natural habitat, and it goes without saying, but, well, the opposite is true as well, plants depend on humming birds, too. There are some flowers that can only be pollinated by the humming bird, without it stopping to feed and spreading pollen from flower to flower, these plants would cease to exist. But the problem, well, as natural habitat along these migration routes is developed by humans for housing or agriculture or cleared for raising cattle, for instance, there is less food available for migrating humming birds, there nesting sites are affected, too, the same... by the same sorts of human activities, and all of these activities pose of a real threat to the humming bird population.
So, to help them survive, we need to preserve their habitat, and one of the concrete ways people have been doing this is by cleaning up polluted habitat areas, and then replanting flowers, replanting native flowers that humming birds feed on. Promoting ecological tourism is another way to help save their habitat, as the number of visitors-eco-tourists, who come to humming birds habitat to watch the birds, the more the number of visitors grows, the more local business profit, so ecological tourism can bring financial rewards, all the more reason to value these beautiful creatures on their habitat, right? But to understand more about how to protect and support humming birds the best we can, we've gotta learn more about their breeding, nesting sites and migration route, and also about the natural habitats we find there, that just help us determine how to prevent for the decline of the population.
A good research method, a good way to learn more is by, Umm, running a banding study. Banding the birds allows us to track them over their life time, it's a practice that's been used by researchers for years. In fact most of what we've known about humming birds comes from banding studies, where we capture a humming bird, and make sure all the information about it, like its weight, and age and length, are all recorded, put into international information database, and then we place an extremely light weight band around one of its legs, well, what looks like a leg, although technically it's considered part of the bird's foot, anyway, these bands are perfectly safe, and some humming birds have worn them for years, with no evidence of any problems. The band is labeled with a tracking number. Oh and, there is a phone number on the band for people to call, for free. To report a banded bird they found or recaptured. So when a banded bird is recaptured and reported, we learn about its migration route, its growth, and how long it's been alive, its lifespan. One recaptured bird was banded almost twelve years earlier, she is one of the oldest humming birds on record. Another interesting thing we've learnt is that some humming birds Umm, they no longer use a certain route, they travel by a different route to reach their destination, and findings like these have been of interest to biologists and environmental scientists in a number of countries, who are trying to understand the complexities of how changes in a habitat, affect the species in it, species like the humming birds.
作者: syk1984720 时间: 2009-12-1 22:06:39
单词背的一塌糊涂。。。 继续加油！！！
2009.12.1
TPO3 Lecture 1
Now we’ve been talking about the lost(loss of) animal habitate(habitat) from housing developments. Hum...growing cities, small habitat losses. But today I want to(wanna) begin talking about what happens when habitat is reducesed(reduced) across a large area. There are, of course, animals species that require large areas habitat, and some migrated(migrate over) very long distances. So what’s the impact habitat lost on those animals--animals that need large areas of habitat?
Well, I’ll use the humming birds as an example. Now you know a humming bird is amazingly small, but even know(though) it’s really tiny, it migrates over very long distances, travels up and down the western hemisphere—the Americas, back and force between where it
breeze(breeds) in the summer and the warmer climates where it is spent in the winter.
So we(you) would say that the whole area of(over) which it migrates is its habitat, because on this long distance journey, it needs to come down to feed and sleep very so often, right? Well , the bird beat its swings(wings)--get this--about 3 thousands times per minute. So you think, wow, it must need a lot of energy, and a lot of food, right?
Well , it dose. It drinks a lot of nectar from flowers and feeds on some insects, but its energy affition(efficient) too. You can(can’t) say it isn’t. I mean, as it flies all the way cross the Mexico Gulf, it uses almost(up) none of its body fat. But that doesn’t mean it doesn’t need to eat. So humming birds have to rely on plants in(on) their natural habitat.
And it goes without saying, but the opposit truths(opposite is true) as well—Plants depend on humming birds, too. There are some flowers that can only be pollinated by humming birds. Without it stopping to feed and spreading powlen(spread pollen) from flower to flower, this plants would seeds(cease) to exist.
But the problem, well, as natural habitat along this(these) migration rutes(routes) is developed by humans for housing or agriculture or clear(cleared) for raising cattle, for instance, there is less food available for migrating humming birds. There nest(Their nesting sites are affected too), the same by the same sorts of human activities. And all of these activities pose a real threat to the humming bird population. So to help them survive, we need to preserve their habitats. And one of the conque(concrete) ways people have been doing this is by cleaning up poluted(polluted) habitat areas and then replanting flowers, hum, replanting native flowers that humming birds feed on.
Promoting ecological tourism with(is) another ways(way to) help save their habitat. As the number of visitors, eco-toures(eco-tourists) who come to humming birds habitats to watch to the birds. The more the number of the visitors grows, the more local businesses(businesses’) profit, So ecological tourism can bring financial rewards, all the more reason to value this beautiful little creature than the(on their) habitat, right?
But to understand more about how to protect them and(to) support humming birds the best we can, we get to(have got to) learn about their breeding, nesting sites and migration routes and also about the natural habitats we find there. That to(just) help us to determine how the(to) prevent for the(further) decline in the(their) population.
A good research method, is a good way to learn more, is by running a banding study. banding the birds allows us to track them over their lifetime. It’s been a practice that’s been used by research(researchers) for years. In fact, most of what we know(have known) about humming bird comes for banding studies, where we capture a humming bird and make sure all the information about it, like its way(weight) and ageny(age) and links(length) are all our recorded put it into an international information database.
And then we place it(aN) extremely like we (lightweight) band on one of its legs, well , what looks like a leg, also(although) technically considered part of birds’ foot. Anyway, this is(these bands are) perfectly safe, and some humming birds have worn them for years with no accidence of
any problems. The band is labled(labeled) with tracking number. Oh , and there is a phone number on the band for people to call for free to report a banded bird they(to be) found or recaptured.
So when a banded bird was recaptured and reported, we learned about the(its) migration route, its growth and how long it’s(it has) been alive, it’s lifespan. One recaptured bird was banded was(almost) 12 years earlier. It’s(She was ) one of the oldest humming birds on record. Another interesting thing we’ve learned is that some humming birds they no longer use a certain route. They travel by a different route to reach their destination.
And findings like this have been of interested to biologist and enviromental(environmental) scientists in a number of countries who are trying to understand the complexities of how changes in a habitat a fact(affact) the species in it.
作者: 名字是个词儿 时间: 2009-12-2 16:05:24
本帖最后由 名字是个词儿 于 2009-12-2 17:40 编辑
12月2日听写，TPO3 Lecture2
怎么好像越来越难的样子～～呃
Listen to part of a lecture in a film history class.
Ok, we've been discussing film
in the 1920's and 30', and how back then film catigories as we know them today had not yet been established. We said that by today's standards, many of the films of the 20's and 30's would be considered hybrates[hybrids合成物], that is a mixure[mixture] of styles that whouldn't exactly fit into any of today's catigories. And in that context, today we're going to talk about a film maker who began making very unique films in the late 1920's. He was Franch, and his name was JP.
JP was borned[born，呃] in 1902. He made his first film in 1928. Now, in a way, P's films conform to norms of the 20's and 30's, that is they don't fit very neatly into the catigories we use to classify films today. That's said, even by the standards of the 20's and 30's, P's films were unique, hybrate［hibrid of］ styles. He had a special way of fusing, or some people might say confusing, science and fiction. His films begin with fact[facts], but then they become more and more fictional. They gradually add more and more fictional elements. In fact, P was known for saying that science is fiction.
P was a pioneer in underwater film making, and a lot of these short films focus on the aquatic animal work[world]. He liked to show small underwater creatures, displaying what seemed like familiar human carictoristics, what we think of as unique to humans. He might take a clip of a mallus[mollusk] going up and down the waters and set it to music, you know to make it look as if the mallus[mollusk] were dancing to the music
like a human being, that sort of thing. But then, he suddenly changed the image showing diration[narration 叙事] to remind us how different the animals are, how unlike humans. He confuses[confused] his audience in the way he portrait[portrayed描绘] the animals he filmed, mixing up our notions of the categories, human and animal. The films make us a little uncomfortable at times, because we are uncertain about what we are seeing. It gives us his films in[an] uncanny feature, the familiar made unfamiliar, the normal made suspicious. He liked twists, he liked the unusual. In fact one of his favorate sea animals was the seahorse, because with seahorses, it's the male that carries the eggs, and he thought that was great, his first and most celebrated underwater film is about the seahorse. Susan, you have a question?
But underwater film-making wasn't that unusual, was it? I mean weren't there other people making movies underwater?
Well, actually it was pretty rare at that time, I mean we are talking about the early 1930's here.
But what about JC? Wasn't he like an inervator, you know with underwater photography too?
Ah, JC. Well, P and C did both film underwater, and they were both inervators, so you you know[so you are right in]
that sense, but that's pretty much where the similarities end. First of all, P was about 20 years ahead of C, and C's adventures were high-tech with lots of fancy equipment, whereas P kind of patched equipment together as he needed it. Ah, C used to film[usually filmed] large animals, usually in the open sea, whereas P generally film smaller animals, and he likes[liked] to film in shallow water. Ah, what else? Oh well, the main difference was that C simplly investigated and presented fact[the facts-] he didn't make scene[mix in] fiction, he was a strict documentary[documentarist], he set the standard, really, for the nature documentary. P on the other hand, as we said before, mix in elements of fiction, and his films are much more artistic in cooperating[incorporating] music as an important element. John, you have a question?
Well, maybe I shouldn't be asking this, but if P's films are so special, so good, why havn't we ever heard of them? I mean everyone's heard of JC.
Well, that's a fair question. Ah, the short answer is, that P's style just never caught on with the general public, I mean it probably goes back at least in part to what we mentioned earlier that people didn't know what to make of his films, that they were confused by them. Whereas C's documentaries were very straightforward, met people's expectations more than P's films did, but your true film history bows[above's?????????] know about him and P's still highly respected in many circles.
这一段的scripts错了好几处，最后一句粉色字体那个地方，谁知道正确的词应该是什么？？？？
作者: shiwei83 时间: 2009-12-2 16:41:40
12.2作业
Listen to part of a lecture in a film history class.
Professor
OK. we’ve been discussing film in the 1920s and 30s,and how back then film categories, as we known today, had not (yet)been established. we set(said that) by today’s standards, many films of the 20s and 30s will(would) be considered as high(hybrids).that is, a mixture style when exact fitting into any of today’s categories, and in that context.
Today we are going to talk about a film-maker who began making very unique films in the late 1920s.He was French, and his name was Jean Painleve.
Jean Painleve was born on 1902. He made his first film in 1928. Now in a way, Painleve’s film conforms to norms in 20s and 30s, that is, they don’t fit very neatly into the categories we use to classify films today. That(’s) said, even by the standards of 20s and 30s, Painleve’s film were unique, a hybrid styles. He had a special way(of fusing), or some people (might) say come fusing(confusing),science and fiction.
His film begin with facts, but then they become more and more fictional. They gradually add more and more fictional elements. In fact, Painleve was no(known) for saying that science is fiction.
Painleve was a pioneer in underwater film-making, and a lot of his short films focused on the aquatic animal world. He liked to show small underwater creatures, displaying what seemed like familiar human characteristics-what we think of unique to humans.
He might take a clip of (mollusk)going up and down in the water and set it to music. You know, to make it look the mollusk were dancing in(to) the music like a human being-that sort of thing. But then he suddenly changed the image or narration to remind us how different the animals are, how unlike humans. He confused his audience in the way he portrayed the animals he filmed, mixing up on notions of the categories of humans and animals.
The films make us a little uncomfortable at times because we are (uncertain) about what we are seeing. It gives him films an (uncanny)feature: the familiar made unfamiliar, the normal made suspicious. He like twists, he liked the usual. In fact, one of his favorite sea animals was the seahorse because with seahorses, it’s the male that carries the eggs, and he thought that was great. His first and most celebrated underwater film is about the seahorse.
Susan, you have a question?
Susan
But underwater film-making wasn’t that unusual, was it? I mean, weren’t there other people making movies underwater?
Professor
Well, actually, it was pretty well(rare) at that time. I mean, we are talking about the early 1920s.
Susan
But what about Jacques Cousteau? Was he like an innovator, you know, with underwater photography too?
Professor
Ah, Jacques Cousteau. Well, Painleve and Cousteau did both film underwater, and they were both innovators, so you are right in that sense. But that’s pretty much where the similarities were high-tech, with lots of fancy equipment, whereas Painleve kind of patched the equipment together as he needed it.
Cousteau usually filmed large animals, usually in the open sea, whereas Painleve generally filmed smaller animals, and he liked to film in shallow water. Uh, what else, oh well, the mail difference was that Cousteau simply investigated and presented the facts- he didn’t mix in fiction. He was a strict docunentarist. He set the standard really for the nature documentary. Painleve, on the other hand, as we said before, mixed in elements of fiction. And his films are much more artistic, incorporating music as an important element.
John, you have a question?
John
Well, maybe I shouldn’t be asking this, but if Painleve’s film are so special, so good, why haven’t we ever heard them? I mean, everyone’s heard of Jacques Cousteau.
Professor
Well, that’s a fair question. Uh, the short answer is that Painleve’s style just never caught on with the public. I mean, it probably goes back at least in part to where we mentioned earlier, that people didn’t know what to make of his films- they were confused by them, whereas Cousteau’s documentaries were very straightforward, met people’s expectations more than Painleve’s films did. But you are true:film history is about what we know about them. And Painleve is still highly respected in many circles.
作者: 默默茶 时间: 2009-12-2 22:06:19
2009 12 02 作业
TPO 3 lecture 2
Listen to a part of the lecture in the(a) film history class.
“Ok, we have been discussed films in the 1920s and 30s, and how back then film categories as we know them today had not yet been established. We said that, by today` s standards, many of the films of 20s and 30s will be considered hightbrights(hybrids), that is a mixture of styles that would exactly filled(fit) into any of today` s categories and in that context. Today, we are going to talk about a film maker who began making very unique films in the late 1920s, he was French, and his name was JP. JP was born in 1902, he made his first film in 1928, now in a way, JP` s films conform to norm(norms) the 20s and 30s, that is , they don` t fit very needy(neatly) into(the) categories we use to classify films today, that said, even by the standards of 20s and 30s, JP `s films were unique, highbrights(hybrids) of styles. He had a special way of fusion(fusing), or , some people might say confusion(confuing), science and fiction. His films began(begin) with facts. But then they became more and more fictional. They gradually added(add) more and more fictional elements. In fact, JP was (known for saying) that science is fiction. JP was a pioneer in underwater film making and a lot of (his) short films focus(ed) on the aquatic animal world. He liked to show small underwater creatures, displaying what seem(seemed) like familiar human characteristics what we think of as unique to humans. He might take a clip of (a mollusk) going up and down in the water and (set it to music), you know (to make it look like the mollusk) were dancing to the music like a human being, that sort of things. But then, he suddenly changed the image or narration to remind us how different the animals are, how unlike humans. He confused the(his) audience in the ways he portrayed the animals he filmed.(mixing up on notion of the categories of humans and animals). The films make us (a little) uncomfortable at times, because we are uncertain about what we are seeing, it gives (him) films uncanny feature, the familiar made unfamiliar, that, the normal made suspicious. (he liked twists) He liked the unusual, in fact, one of his favorite sea animals was the seahorse, because with seahorses, it is the male that carries the eggs and he thought that was great. His first and most celebrated underwater film is about the sea horse.
Susan, you have a question? But underwater film making wasn` t that unusual, wasn` t(was) it？ I mean, weren` t there other people make films(movies) underwater? Well, actually, it was pretty rare that time, I mean, we are talking the early 1920s. But, what about JC, (was he like an )innovator, you known with underwater photography too? (Uh, JC) well, JP and JC did both films underwater and they were both innovators, (so) you are right in accent(that sense), but that pretty much where the similarity and(end), first of all, JP was 20 years ahead of JC. And JC` s adventure were high-tech, with lots of fancy equipment, where as JP kind of patched the equipment (together as he needed it). JC usually filmed large animals, usually in the open sea, where as JP generally filmed smaller animals, and any(he) like(liked) to film in shallow water, uh, what else, well, the main difference was the JC simply investigated and presented the facts, he didn` t make(mix) in fiction. He was a s(strict) documentarist he set the standard really for the nature documentary. JP, on the other hand, as we said before, makes(mixed) animates(in elements) of fiction, and his films are much more artistic incorporating music, as an important animate(element). John, you have a question? Well, maybe I shouldn` t be asking this? About(but), if JP` s film was so special, so good, why haven` t we ever heard of them. I mean, everyone heard of the JC. Well, that` s a fair question, uh, the short answer is the JP` s style just never caught on with the public. I mean, it probably goes back and listing(at least) in part to where we (mentioned earlier), and(that) people didn` t know what (to)makes(make) of these(his) films. They were confused by them. Whereas the JC` s documentaries were very (straight)forward. Make (met) people` s expectations more than JP` s films did, but your are true, films history is above(about) what we know about them and JP still highly respected in man Make people , more than the JP` s films did, but your true films history above no about them and JP (is)still highly respected in many circles.
作者: 素怿 时间: 2009-12-2 22:55:32
TPO3-2
listen to the part of the lecture in the environment class.
now, we have been talking about lots the loss of animal habitat from housing developments ,growing cities -small habitat losses. But, today I wanna begin talking about what happens when habitat is reduced across a large area. There are, of course, animals species that require large areas of (is) habitat and some migrate over is very long distances. So what's the impact of habitat loss on those animals -animals that need large (loge)areas of habitat.
Well, I’ll use the humming birds as an example. Now, you know a humming bird is amazingly small, but even though it's really tiny, it migrates over a very long distance, travels up and down the western hemisphere- the Americas, back and forth between where it breeds in the summer and the warmer climates where it’s spent the winter.
So, you would say that this whole area over which is migrates is its habitat. Because on these long-distance journey, it needs to come down to feed and sleep every thing so often, right? Well,
the humming bird beats so winster its wings，-get this- about 3000 times per minute. So yon think ,wow, it must be need a lot of energe, a lot of food, right?
Well, it does. It drinks a lot of nectar from flowers and feeds on some insects, but its energy efficient too. You can’t say it isn’t, i mean, as is flies all the way across the Mexico, it uses up none of its body fat. But that doesn't mean it is doesn’t need to eat. So,
how humming birds have to rely on plates in their natural habitat.
And it goes without of the thing saying, but the opposite is true as well. plates depend on humming birds, too. there are some of flowers that can only bepollomated
by the humming birds. without stopping to feed and spreading pollen from flower to flower, these plants would cease to exist.
But the problem, well, as the nature habitat along these migration routes is developed by humans for housing or agriculture, or cleared for raising cattle, for instance, there is less food available for migration humming birds. their nesting sites a fact affected, too, the same by the same sorts of human activities. And all of these activitiespose a real threat to humming bird population. So help them survive, we need to preserve their habitats. and one of the concrete ways people have been doing this is by cleaning up polluted
by habitat areas. And then, we replanting flowers, replanting native flowers, that humming birds feed on. Promoting ecologicaltourism is another way to help save their habitat. as the number of the visitors, equal-tourists who come to harming bird habitats to watch the birds. the more the number of the visitor grows, the more local businesses’ profit. so ecological tourism can bring financial rewards. all the more reason to value these beautiful creatures on their habitat, right?
but to understand more about how to protect them to support humming birds the best we can. We’ve got to learn more about their breeding, nesting sites and migration routes, and also about the natural habitats we find there. that just help us determine how to prevent further to the decline in the population.
a good research method , a good way to learn more, is by running about the rounding abandunt banding study. banding the birds allows us to track them over their lifetime. It’s been a practice that’s been by research of a year for years. In fact, most of what we’ve known about the humming birds, comes from banding studies, where we capture a humming bird and make sure all the information about it, like its weight and age and length, and all are required recorded and put into an international information database.
and then we place an extremely lightweight band on one of its legs. well, what looks like a leg.although technically it’s considered part of the bird’s foot. anyway these bands are perfectly save safe , and some humming birds have worn them for years with no evidence of any problems. the band is labeled with tracking number.
Oh, and there is phone number on the band for people to call for free, to report a banded bird to be found or funture to record recapture.
so when a banded bird is recaptured and reported, we learn about the migration route.
its growth, how long it has been alive, on the life. it's life span. one recapture
bird was banned almost 12years earlier - she was one of the oldest humming birds on record. another interesting thing we learned is that some hummingbirds no longer use a certain route, they travel by a different route to reach their destination.
and findings like these have been interest to biologists and environmental scientists in a number of the countries who are trying to understand the complexities
conplex of how changes in a habitat affect to species in it.
昨天的作业终于可以发了诺。。。
话说我想和上页的同学说，那个回复的时候直接高级编辑或者先回复再编辑重新粘贴，论坛就能识别word的颜色标记了。。。
汗，不知道大家还能看到不。。。
作者: lanyouno2 时间: 2009-12-3 17:10:46
本帖最后由 lanyouno2 于 2009-12-3 23:11 编辑
TPO3-2
listen to the part of the lecture in the environmental class.
By Lanyouno2
注：标为黄色的为听漏,粉色为听不出，红色为听错的
Now, we have been talking about the loss
of animal habitat from housing developments ,growing cities -small habitat losses. But, today I wanna begin talking about what happens when habitat is reduced across a large area.
There are, of course, animals species that require large areas of habitat and some migrate over is very long distances. So what's the impact of habitat loses（loss） on those animals
that need large areas of habitat.
Well, I’ll use the harming birds(humming birds,都听成这个，下同) as an example. Now, you know a humming bird is amazingly small, but even though it's really tiny, it migrates over a very long distance, travels up and down the western hemisphere- the Americas, back and forth between where it breeds in the summer and the warmer climates where expends（it’s spent） the winter.
So, you would say that this whole area over which is migrates is its habitat. Because on these long distance journey, it needs to come down to feed and sleep every so often, right?
Well,)the humming bird bees its (beats wings),get this,about 3,000 times P/Min. So yon think ,wow, it must be need a lot of energe, a lot of food, right? Well, it does. It drinks a lot of energy(nectar) from flowers and feeds on exerminsets(some insects，没听出连读，得加强啊), but its energy surfficient (efficient) too. You can’t say it isn’t, I mean, as is fliies(flies) all the way across the Mexico Gulf, it uses up none of its body fat. But that doesn't mean it is doesn’t need to eat. So,how humming birds have to rely on plants in their natural habitat.And it goes without saying, but the opposite is as true as well. Plants depend on humming birds, too. there are some of flowers that can only be pollomated(pollinated)
by the humming birds. without stopping to feed and spreading poland(pollen) from flower to flower, these plants would see(cease) to exist.
But the problem, well, as the nature habitat along these migration routes is developed by humans for housing or agriculture, or cleared for raising catle(cattle), for instance, there is less food available for migration humming birds. their nessiting sides(nesting sites,下同) affected too, the same by the same sorts of human activities. And all of these activities pose a real threat to humming bird population. So to help them survive, we need to preserve their habitats. and one of the concrete ways people have been doing this is by cleaning up polluted habitat areas. And then, we replanting flowers, replanting native flowers, that humming birds feed on. Promoting ecological tourism is another way to help save their habitat. as the number of the visitors, eco-tourist who come to harming bird habitats to watch the birds. the more the number of the visitor grows, the more local businesses’ profit. so ecological tourism can bring financial rewards. all the more reason to value these beautiful creatures on their habitat, right? but do you(to) understand more about how to protect them to support humming birds the best we can. We’ve got to learn more about their breeding, nesting sites and migration routes, and also about the natural habitats we find there. that just help us determine how to prevent for the (further) to the decline in the population.
A good research method , a good way to learn more, is by running about the rounding abandunt banding study. banding the birds allows us to trap(track) them over their life time. It’s been a practice that’s been by research of a year for years. In fact, most of what we’ve known about the humming birds, comes from banding studies, where we capture a humming bird and make sure all the information about it, like its way(weight) and age and length, and all are required recorded and put into an international in international database.
And then we place an extremely like way (lightweight) band on one of its legs. well, what looks like a leg.although technically it’s considered part of the bird’s foot. anyway these bands are perfectly save safe , and some humming birds have worn them for years with no evidence of any problems. the band is labeled with tracking number.
Oh, and there is phone number on the band for people to call for free, to report a banded brithday (bird to be 晕，听得牛头不对马嘴) found or funture to record recapture.so when a banded bird is recaptured and reported, we learn about the migration route.It's growth and how long it has been alive, on a life(alive). it's life span(spand). one recapture bird was banned almost 12 years earlier - she was one of the oldest humming birds on record. Another interesting thing we learned is that some hummingbirds no longer use a certain route, they travel by a different route to reach their destination.
And findings like these helping(have been) interest to biologists and environmental scientists i n a number of the countries who are trying to understand the complexities of how changes in a habitat affect to species in it.
作者: shiwei83 时间: 2009-12-3 20:33:47
本帖最后由 shiwei83 于 2009-12-3 20:35 编辑
12.3听写作业 TPO3 C2
Listen to a conversation between a student and a professor.
S: Hi, Professor Archure, you note(know) how in class last week you said you were looking for students who are interest in volunteering for your archeology project?
P: Of course, are you volunteering?
S: Yes, I am, it sounds really interesting, but er… do I need to have any experience for these kinds of projects?
P: No, not really. I (assume that) most students taking the introductory level of class would have little or no experience with the archeological research, but that’s OK.
S: Oh, good, that’s really(a relief). Actually, that’s why I’m volunteering for the project-to get experience. What kind of work is it?
P: Well, as you know, we’re studying the history of the campus this semester. This used to be an (agricultural) area and we already know that where the main lecture hall now stands, there once were farm house and barn that were erected in the late 1700s. We are (excavating)near the lecture hall to see what types of artifacts we find, you know, things people used in the past got(buried) when the campus was constructed. We’ve already began to find some very interesting items like old bottles, buttons, pieces of (clay pottery).
S: Buttons and (clay pottery)? Did the old owners leave such a hurry that they left their (clothes)and dishes behind?
P: Hmmm… that’s just one of the questions we hope to answer with this project.
S: Wow, and it’s all right here on campus.
P: That’s right, not(no travelling involved.) I wouldn’t expect volunteers to travel to a site, especially in the middle of the semester. We expect to find many more things, but we do need more people to help.
S: So… how many student volunteers are you looking for?
P: I’m hoping to get five or six. I’ve asked for volunteers in all of the classed I teach,but no one has responded. You are the first person to express interest.
S: Sounds like it could be a lot of work. Is there er…is there anyway I can use the experience to get some extra credit in class? I mean, can I write a paper about it?
P: I think it’ll depend on what type of work you do in the excavation, but I imagine we can arrange something. Actually I’ve been considering offering extra credit for class because I’ve been having a tough time getting volunteers. Extra credit is always a good(incentive) for students.
S: And how often would you want the volunteers to work?
P: We’re asking for three of four hours per week, depending on your schedule. A senior researcher, I think you know John Franklin, my assistant, is on site every day.
S: Sure, I know John. By the way, will there be some sort of training?
P: Yes, er…I want to wait till Friday to see how many students volunteer, and then I’ll schedule the training class next week at a time that’s convenient for everyone.
S:OK. I’ll wait to hear from you. Thanks a lot for accepting me.
作者: 名字是个词儿 时间: 2009-12-3 22:43:47
12月3日作业TPO 4C2
Hi, professor Archure, you know how in class last week you said that you were looking for students who are interested in volunteering for your archiology[archeology] project?
Of course, are you volunteering?
Yes I am. It sounds really interesting. But, umm, do I need to have any experience for this kind of project[these kinds of projects]?
No, not really. I assume that most students taking the introductary level
class will have little or no experience for the archilogycal[archeological] research, but that's ok.
Oh, good, that's releaf[a relief]. Actually, that's why I'm volunteering for the project, to get experience. What kind of work is it?
Well, as you know, we are studying the history of the campus this semester, this used to be an agricultral area and we already know that where the main lecture hall now stands there once were farm house and barn that were erected in the late 1700s. We are excavating near the lecture hall to see what types of artifacts we find. You know, things people used in the past that got buried when the campus was constructed. We've already begun find some very interesting items, like old bottles and buttons, pieces of clay pottery.
Buttons and clay pottery? Did the old owners leave in such a hurry that they left their cloths and dishes behind?
That's just one of the questions we hope to answer with this project.
Wow, and it's all right here on campus?
That's right, no travelling involved. I wouldn't expect volunteers to travel to a site especially in the middle of the semester, we expectify[expect to find] many more things, but we do need more people to help.
So, how many student volunteers are you looking for?
I'm hoping to get five or six. I've asked for volunteers in all the classes I teach, but no one's responded, you are the first person to express interest.
Well it sounds like it could be a lot of work, is there umm, is there any way I can use the experience to get some extra credit in class, I mean, can I write a paper about it?
I think it'll depend on what type of work you do in the excavation, but I imagine we can arrange something. Actually I've been considering offering extra credit for class, because I've been having a tough time getting volunteers, extra credit is always a good insentive[incentive] for students.
And how often would you want the volunteer to work?
We are asking for three or four hours per week, depending on your schedual[schedule]. A senior researcher, I think you know John Franklin, my assistant, is on site every day.
Sure, I know John. By the way, will there be some sort of training?
Yes, ah, I wanna wait till friday to see how many students volunteer, and then I'll schedual a trainning class next week at a time that's convenient for everyone.
Ok, I'll wait to hear from you. Thanks a lot for accepting me.
拼写啊拼写～
作者: i2000s 时间: 2009-12-4 11:33:52
TPO3-5 lecture
-------------------------
6:35-6:47-6:52
a d a d b cd
-7:44-7:52-8:00
Some of the world's oldest preserved art is the cave art of Europe. Most of it in Spain and France. And the earliest cave paintings found to date are those of the Chauvet Cave in France discovered in 1994.
And you know, I remember when I heard about the results of the dating of the Chauvet paintings, I said to my wife:"can you believe these paintings are over thirty thousand years old?" And my three-year-old daughter piped up and said:"Is that older than my great grandmother?" But that was the oldest age she knew.
And you know, come to think of it, it's pretty hard for me to really understand how long thirty thousand years is, too. I mean, we tend to think that people who lived at that time must be pretty primitive. But I'm gonnar to show you some slides in a few minutes and I think you'll agree with me that this art is anything but primitive. They're masterpieces. And they looks so real, so alive that it is very hard to imagine they're so very old.
Now not everyone agrees on exactly how old. A number of the Chauvet paintings have been dated by a lab to thirty thousand or more years ago. That would make them not just older than any other cave art, but about twice as old as the art in the caves at Altamira or Lascaux, which you may heard of.
Some people find it hard to believe Chauvet is so much older than Altamira and Lascaux, and they noted that there's only one lab did the dating for Chauvet without any independent confirmation for any other lab. But be that as it may--whatever the exact date, whether it's fifty thousand, twenty thousand or thirty thousand years ago, the Chauvet paintings are from the dawn of art. So they're the good place to start our discussion of cave painting.
Now one thing you've got to remember is the context of these paintings.
。。。。。。
发现tpo的题目和屏幕截图不全啊。。。
作者: 名字是个词儿 时间: 2009-12-5 00:21:40
汗！12月4日没完成任务。。
立此存照，一定补一定补。
今天被诸葛版主的方法刺激到了。全职工作，一天10小时弄英语，每篇都听写，每篇都脱稿跟读，牛人, they 牛 for a reason.
1月16号考试，我脱产弄托福的人，再不用功的话，不如找块豆腐撞死算了。
我不要杯具不要杯具～
不要考两位数不要两位数～
100+100+100+
作者: i2000s 时间: 2009-12-5 10:09:43
091205
6:35-6:44-7:58, 9:22-9:40-10:04-10:08
Paleolithic humans—that’s the period we're talking about, here, the Paleolithic, the early stone age, not too long after humans first arrived in Europe--the climate was significantly cold then, and so rock shelters, shallow caves were valued as homes protected for the wind and rain. And in some cases, at least, artists drew on the walls of their homes. But many of the truly great cave art sites, like Chauvet, were never in habited. These paintings were made deep inside a dark cave where no natural light can penetrate. There's no evidence of people ever living here. Cave bears, yes, but not humans. You would have had to make a special trip into the cave to make the paintings and a special trip to go see it. And each time you'd have to bring along torches to light your way. And people did go see the art. There are charcoal marks from their torches from the cave wall clearly dating from thousands of years after the paintings were made. So we can tell people went there. They came, but they didn't stay. Deep inside the cave like that is not really a place they wanted to stay. So, why? What inspired the paleolithic artists to make such beautiful art in such inaccessible places. We'll never really know, of course, though it's interesting to speculate. But...ah...getting into the paintings themselves, virtually all paleolithic cave art represents animals and Chauvet is no exception. The artists were highly skilled at using or even enhancing the natural shape of cave walls to give depth and perspectives to their drawings. The sense of motion and vitality in these animals, well, wait, I'll show you the slides. Anyway, most paleolithic caves are depicts large herbivores. Horses are most common overall, with deer and bison pretty common, too. Probably, animals they hunted. But earlier as Chauvet, there's a significant interest in large dangerous animals. Lots of rhinoceros, lions, mammoth, bears, remember the ranges of many animal species were different back then, so all these animals actually lived in the region at that time. But the Chauvet artists didn't paint people. There's a half- man- half- bison creature, and there's outline of human hands, but no depiction of full human. So why these precise animals? Why not birds, fish, snakes? Were there for their religion, magic or sheer beauty? We don't know. But whatever it was, it was worth to them to spend hours deep inside the cave with just torch between them and utter darkness. So on that note, let's dim the lights, so we can see these slides and actually look the techniques they used.
-----------------------------
继续上次后半部分
作者: i2000s 时间: 2009-12-5 10:12:45
稍一放松就错的很惨啊。。。
教训---要坚持
作者: lanyouno2 时间: 2009-12-5 16:07:40
本帖最后由 lanyouno2 于 2009-12-5 16:18 编辑
12.03听写作业 TPO3 C2 由于12.03未进行听写，12.05错误听到的是3日的作业
Listen to a conversation between a student and a professor.
S: Hi, Professor Archure, you know how in class last week you said you were looking for students who are interest in volunteering for your archeology project?
S: Yes, I am, it sounds really interesting, do I need to have any experience for these kinds of projects?
P: No, not really. I assume that most students taking the introductory level of class would have little or no experience with the archeological research, but that’s OK.
S: Oh, good, that’s a releve(relief). Actually, that’s why I’m volunteering for the project-to get experience. What kind of work is it?
P: Well, as you know, we’re studying the history of the campus this semester. This used to be an agricultural area and we already know that where the main lecture hall now stands, there once were farm house and barn that were erected in the late 1700s. We are excavatingm near the lecture hall(hlod) to see what types of artifacts we find, you know, things people used in the past got(buried) when the campus was constructed. We’ve already began to find some very interesting items like old bottles, buttons, pieces of clay pottery.
S: Buttons and clay parteries(pottery)? Did the old honors(owners) leave such a hurry that they left their (clothes)and dishes behind?(这句应该是最难的)
P: Hm… that’s just one of the questions we hope to answer with this project.
S: Wow, and it’s all right here on campus.
P: That’s right, no travelling involved. I wouldn’t expect volunteers to travel to a site, especially in the middle of the semester. We expect to find many more things, but we do need more people to help.
S: So… how many student volunteers are you looking for?
P: I’m hoping to get 5 or 6. I’ve asked for volunteers in all of the classed I teach,but no one has responded. You are the first person to express interest.
S: Sounds like it could be a lot of work. Is there er…is there anyway I can use the experience to get some extra cridet(credit) in class? I mean, can I write a paper about it?
P: I think it’ll depend on what type of work you do in the excavation, but I imagine we can arrange something. Actually I’ve been considering offering extra credit for class because I’ve been having a tough time getting volunteers. Extra credit is always a incentive for students.
S: And how often would you want the volunteers to work?
P: We’re asking for three of four hours per week, depending on your schedule. A senior researcher, I think you know John Frangreen, my assisdant(assistant), is on side(site) every day.
S: Sure, I know John. By the way, will there be some sorts of training?
P: Yes, er…I want to wait till Friday to see how many students volunteer, and then I’ll schedule the training class next week at a time that’s convenient for everyone.
SK. I’ll wait to hear from you. Thanks a lot for accepting me.
作者: 名字是个词儿 时间: 2009-12-5 17:43:32
本帖最后由 名字是个词儿 于 2009-12-5 19:41 编辑
补上，12月4日的。每句限听三次。
Listen to part of a lecture in an art history class. The professor has been discussing the origins of art.
Some of the world's oldest preserved art is the cave art of Europe, most of it in Spain and France, and the earlest[earlist] cave paintings found today are those of the Chauvet cave in France, discovered in 1994. And you know I remember when I heard about the results of the dating of the Chauvet paintings, I said to my wife, "Can you believe these paintings are over 30,000 years old?" And my three year old daughter piped up and said: "Is that older than my great grandmother?" That was the oldest age she knew. And you know, come to think of it, it's pretty hard for me to really understand how long 30000 years is, too. I mean we tend to think that people who lived at that time must have been pretty premertive[primitive], but I'm gonna show you some slides in a few minutes and I
think you'll agree with me that this art is anything but premertive[primitive], they are master pieces, and they look so real, so alive, that it's very hard to imagine that they are so very old.
Now, not everyone agrees on exactly how old, a number of the Chauvet paintings have been dated by a lab to 30,000 or more years ago. That would make them not just older than any other cave art, but about twice as old as the art in the caves of[at]
Altamira or Lascaux, which you may have heard of. Some people find it hard to believe Chauvet is so much older than Altamira and Lascaux, and they noted that only one lad did the dating for Chauvet, without independant[independent] confirmation from any other lab. But be that as it may, whatever the exact date wheather[whether] it's 15000, 20000, or 30000 years ago, the Chauvet paintings are from the dawn of art. So they are a good place to start our discussion of cave painting.
Now, one thing you've gotta remmember is the context of these paintings. Peilyalithic[paleolithic] human[humans], that's the period we are talking about here, the peilyalithic[paleolithic], the early stone age, not too long after humans first arrived in Europe, the climate was significantly colder then, and so rock shelters, shallow caves were valued as homes protected from the wind and rain. And in some cases at least, artists drew on the walls of their homes. But many of the truely great cave art site[sites], like Chauvet, were never inhabited. These paintings were made deep inside a dark cave, where no natural light can peniturate. There is no evidance of people ever live in[living] here. Cave bares[bears], yes, but not humans. You would have had to make a special trip into the cave to make the paintings, and a special trip to go see it, and each time you'd have to bring along torches to light your way. And people did go see the art. There is[are] charcal[charcoal] marks from their torches on the cave walls, clearly dating from thousands of years after the paintings were made. So we can tell people went there, they came, but they didn't stay. Deep inside a cave like that is not really a place you'd want to stay, so why? What inspired the peilyalithic[paleolithic] artists to make such beautiful arts in such inaccessable[inaccessible] places? We'll never really know of course, though it's interesting to speculate.
But getting to the paintings themselves, virtually all peilyalithic[paleolithic] cave art represents animals, and Chauvet is no exception. The artists were highly skilled at using, or even enhancing the natural shape of the cave walls to give deapth[depth] and perspective to their drawings, the sense of motion and vitality in these animals, well, wait till I show you the slides. Anyway, most peilyalithic[paleolithic] cave art dipicts large herbourvords[herbivores]. Horses were[are] most common overall with deer and bison pretty common too. Probably animals they hunted. But earlier at Chauvet there is a significant interest in large dangerous animals, lots of rinasors[rhinoceros], lions, mammonts[mammoth], bears. Remember that the arranges[ranges] of many animal spieces were different back then, so all these animals actually lived in the region at that time. But the Chauvet artists didn't paint people. There is a half-man-half-bison creature, and there is outlines of human hands, but no dipictions[depictions] of a full human.
So why these precise animals? Why not birds, fish, snakes? Was it for their religion, magic, or sheer beauty? We don't know. But whatever it was, it was worthy[worth it] to them to spend hours deep inside a cave with just a torche[torch] between them and odder[utter] darkness. So, on that note, let's dim the lights, so we can see these slides and actually look at the techniques they used.
作者: summerdingdavid 时间: 2009-12-5 18:20:56
Listen to the part of lecture in the astronomy class
Now, astronomy didn’t really bloom into the science it is today until the development of the spectroscopy. spectroscopy is basically a studying of spectra and spectral lines at light. And specifically for us, the light from starts, it makes possible to analyse the light in mid of (emitted from)the starts. when you analyse these light, you can figure out the distance these from the earth. And identify what they made of, determine their chemical composition. Before we get into that though, it’s probally a good thing to back up a bit. You all know how when you take a crystal present (prism), then pass it beam sunlight through it, you get spectra which look likes an continuous band of rainbow colors. The light that we see with human eyes as a band of rainbow color. Frozen(falls in ) a range of what’s called the visible light. And visible light spectroscopy is probably the most important kind of spectroscopy. Anyone want to take a step(stab) of scientific term for a visible light? And I’m sure all of you know this, because you all did the reading for today.
Optical radiation, but I thought being exposed to radiation is dangerous.
Yes and no, if you are talking about the radiation like in the element uranium, yes that’s dangerous. But radiation as a general term, actually refers to anything that spreads away from its source. So optical radiation just the visible light energy spreading out. Ok, so we have got a spectrum of a beam of sunlight and it look like colors bleed into each other. They are not interruption, just a band flowing violet to green to yellow, to…. You get the idea.
Well, what hpapens if the sun light’s spectrum is magnified? Maybe you all didn't do the reading, well, here is what you see. I want you to know this, this spectrum is interrupted by dark lines called spectral lines. If you really magnify the spectrum of sun light, you can identify more than hundred and thansoud of them. They may look like kind of randomly placed. But they actually form many distinct patterns, and if you were looking at the spectrum from the other start, the colors would be the same, but the spectrum light would break it up at differences places making different patterns. Each pattern stands for distinct chemical elements. So different set or pattern of spectrum lines means that start has different chemical compostion.
So how do we know which the spectral patterns match up which elements?
Well, a kind of spectroscopic library of elements was compiled using flame tests. A known element, say an piece of iron for example, is heated in a pure gas flame.
The iron eventually heats to the point that it radiates light.
This light is pass through a prism, which breaks it up into a spectrum.
And an unique pattern kind of like chemical fringer print of that spectrum for that element appears.
These process was repeated over and over again for many different elements. So we can figure out the chemical that make up of another start by comparing the spetral pattern it has to the pattern of the elements in the library. Oh, an interesting story about how an element have been discoveried through spectroscopy, there is pretty extensive library of spectral line patterns of elements even by the 1860s. A british astronomer was analyzing a spectrograph of sunlight, and he noticed a particular pattern of spectral lines that didn't match anything in the library.
so he put two and tow into together, and decided ther was an element in the sun that hadnt been discovered here on the earth yet.
And he guesses about what the element is?
It actually turns out to be pretty common, and I’m sure about that all of you know it, ok, let’s try something eles, any of you happened to be familiar with the Greek word for “sun” by any chance?
Something like Helius, oh, must be that, so you are saying the Helium. So you are saying the Helium was discoveried the sun first?
Yes and this is a good example how important spectroscopy is in astronomy.
作者: 名字是个词儿 时间: 2009-12-5 20:42:09
本帖最后由 名字是个词儿 于 2009-12-5 21:25 编辑
12月5日 听写 TPO L3 Lecture4
每句限听三次。
Listen to part of a lecture in an Astronomy class.
Now Astronomy didn't really baloon[bloom] into the science it is today until the development of spectroscopy. Spectroscopy is basically the study of spectra and spectral lines of light, and specifically for us, the light from stars. It makes it possible to analyze the light iminited[emitted] from stars. When you analyze this light, you can figure out their distance from the earth, and identify what they are made of, determine their chemical composition.
Before we get into that though, it's probably a good thing to back up a bit. You all know how when you take a crystal prisum[prism] and pass a beam of sunlight through it, you get a spectrum, which looks like a continueas[continuous] band of rainbow colors. The light that we see with our human eyes as a band of rainbow color falls in the range of what's called Visable Light, and visible light spectroscopy is probably the most important kind of spectroscopy. Anyone want to take a stab of the scientific term for visible light? And I'm sure all of you know this, becaue you all did the reading for today.
Optical radiation, but I thought being exposed to radiation is dangerous. Yes, and no. If you are talking about radiation like in the yellowment[element] Uranium, yeah, that's dangerous. But radiation as a general term actually refers to anything that spreads away from its source. So optical radiation is just visible light energy spreading out. Ok, so we've got a spectrum of a beam of sunlight, and it looks like the colors blead[bleed]
into each other. Er, there are no interuptions[interruptions], just the[a] band flowing from violet to green, to yellow, to...You get the idea. Well, what happens if the sunlight's spectrum is magnified? Maybe you all didn't do the reading, well here is what you should see.
I want you to notice that this spectrum is interupted[interrupted] by dark lines, called spectral lines. If you really magnify the spectrum of the sunlight, you could identify more than a hundred thousand of them. They may look kind of randomly placed, but they actually form many distinct patterns, and if you were looking at the spectrum of some other star, the colors would be the same, but the spectral lines will[would] break it up at different places, making different patterns. Each pattern stands for a distinct chemical element, and so different sets or patterns of spectral lines mean that the star have[has] a different chemical composition.
So, how do we know which spectral patterns match up with which elements? Well, a kind of spectral scopic[spectroscopic] library veloments[of elements] was compiled using swing[flame] tests. A known element, Er..say a piece of iron for example, is heated in a pure gas flame, the iron eventually heats to the point that it radiates light, this light is passed through a prisum[prism], which breaks it up into a spectrum, and a unique pattern, kind of like a chemical finger print of spectral lines for that element appears. This process was repeated over and over again for many different elements, so we can figure out the chemical makeup of another star, by comparing the spectral pattern it has to the pattern of the elements in the library.
Oh, an interesting story about how one of these elements was discovered through spectroscopy. There was a pretty extensive library of spectral line patterns of elements, even by the 1860s, a British astronomer was analyzing a spectral graph[spectrograph] of sunlight, and he noticed a paticular pattern of spectral lines that didn't match anything in the library. So he put two and two together, and decided there was an element in the sun that hadn't been discovered here on the earth yet. And he guesses about what that element is, it's actually turned out to be pretty common, and I'm sure all of you know it. OK, let's try something else. Any of you happen to be familiar with a Greek word for sun, by chance?
Something like Healious[Helius], or something like that. Oh, it must be Healium[Helium]. See you are saying that Healium[helium] was discovered on the sun first. Yes, and this is a good example of how important spectroscopy is in Astronomy.
拖延害死人呀～～一个晚上搞两篇。。。。。。还都是lecture:dizzy:
作者: 名字是个词儿 时间: 2009-12-6 22:55:17
本帖最后由 名字是个词儿 于 2009-12-7 15:37 编辑
12月6日 TPO L13 全套听写正式上场～～～
先来C1，稍后核对。红色字体为死活听不懂的部分。
Listen to a conversation between a student and his psychology professor.
Good afternoon Alex, can I help you with something?
Well, I wanted to talk with you about the research project you assignedtoday, I Hmmm, hope you can clarify a few things for me.
Well I'll certainly try.
OK, all we have to do is to do two observations and take notes on them, right?
That's a start, but you'll need to do some research too. Then you'll write a paper that's not so much about the observations but a sympathis of what you observed and read.
OK, and what about the children that I'm supposed to observe?
Not children, a single child observed twice.
Oh, OK, so I should choose a child, with the permission of the child's parents of course, and then observe that child a couple of times and take good notes, then?
Actually after your first observation, you'll go back and look through your textbook or go to the library and find a few sources concerning the stage of development this paticuly child is in, and then with that knowledge you'll make a second observation, of the same child, to see if the expected development or behaviors are exhibited.
Can you give me an example?
Well, Hmmmm, if you observed a four-year-old child, for example my daughter is four years old, you might read upon Piajey's stages of cognitive development, we covered thoes in class. Most likely, what stage would a child of that age be in?
Hmm, the pre-operational stage?
Exactly. If that's the case, her language use would be maturing, and her memory and imagination would be developed...
So she might play pretent. Like she can pretend when driving her toy car cross[across] the couch, that the couch is actually a bridge or something.
That's right. In addition her thinking would be primarily egocentric...
So she'd be thinking mostly about herself and her own needs, and might not be able to see things from anyone else's perspective? But what if she doesn't? I mean what if she doesn't demonstrate those behaviors?
Well that's fine, you'll note that in your paper. See, you paper should compare what is expected of children at certain stages of development with what you actually observe.
OK, I have one more question now.
And what's that?
Where can I find a child to observe?
Hmm, I suggest you contact the education department secretary. She has a list of contacts of various schools and with certain families who are somehow connected to the university, that sometimes are willing to help out students with project like yours.
OK, I'll stop by the education department office this afternoon.
And if you have any trouble or any more questions, feel free to come by during my office hours.
作者: 名字是个词儿 时间: 2009-12-6 22:56:08
TPO L13 L1
六分多钟啊，做题的时候不觉得。。。。。。。说话又快，连读，还活活读了六分钟:L 么人性啊
Listen to part of a lecture in a city planning class.
In the last fifty years or so, many american cities have had difficultyin maintaining a successful retail environment. Business owners in thecity centers or the downtown areas have experienced some financiallosses, because of the city movement of the people out the cities andinto the sub-urbs. In general downtown areas, just don't have that manyresidential areas, errrr not that many people live there. So what havecity planers decided to do about it? Well, one way they've come up withsome ways to attract more people to shop downtown was by creating Pmalls.
Now, what is a P mall? It's a pretty simple concept really, it'sessencialy an out-door shopping area, designed just for people on foot,and well unlike many other shopping malls that are built in thesub-urbs nowadays, these P malls are typically located in the downtownarea of the city, and now they are features like outside walls,comfortable outdoor seating, and maybe even thoudens, and, you know,art. There are variations on this mall of course, but the commondenomenator is always the idea of creating a shopping space that willget people to shop in the city without needing their cars. So I'm sureyou can see how having an area that's off limites to automobile traficwould be ideal for a heavily populated the city, where, Ahh, well thestreets would otherwise be busetling with noisy unpleasant traficinggestion.
Now the concept which origionated in Europe was adopted by americancity planners in the late 1950s. And since then, a number of UnitedStates' cities have created P malls, and many of them have been highlysuccessful. So, what have city planners learned about making this mallsucceed? Well, there are two critical factors to consider when creatinga P mall: Location, and Design, both of which are equally important.
Now let's start with the location. In choosing a specific location fora P mall, there are in fact two considerations. Proximity to potentialcustomers, that's what we would call a customer base, and accessabilityto public transportation, which we'll get to in just a moment.
Now, for a customer base, the most obvious example would be a largeoffice building. Since the employees could theoraticaly go shoppingafter work, or during their lunch break, right? Ahh, another goodexample is a convention center, which typically has a hotel, and largemeeting spaces, to drive visitors to the city for major businessconferences an events. But idealy, the P mall would be used by localresidents, not just people work in the city, or work in the area. Sothat's where access to public transportation comes in. Either thedesigner's plan to locate the mall near a central transportation hop,like a bus terminal or major train or subway station, or they work withcity officials to creat sufficient parking areas not too far from themall, which makes sense, because if people can drive into the mallarea, well then they need to have easy access to it.
OK, so that's location, but what about design? Well, design doesn'tneccessarily include things like sculptures or decorated walk ways oreven eye-catching window displays, you know, art, although I'd be thefirst to admit those thing are aetheticaly appealing. However visualypleasing sites, well they're not a part of the P mall design thatmatter the most. The key consideration is a compact and convenientlayout, one which allows Pedestrians to walk from one end of the mallto the other in just a few munites, so they can get to the majorstores, restaurants, and other central places without having to takemore than one or two turns.
Now this takes careful and creative planning. But now what if oneingredian to this planning recipe is missing? There could quitepossibly be long lasting of facts. And I think a good example is the Pmall in L, K for instance. Now when the L mall was built, it had lotsof visual appeal. It was attractively designed, right in the small partof downtown, and it pretty much besesed all of the other designedelements for success. But now here is where my point about locationcomes into play. There wasn't a convention center around to help drawin visitors, and well the only near-by hotel eventually closed down forthat same reason. Well you can imagine how this must have affectedlocal and P mall business owners, sort of what we call a chainreaction. It was until a convention center and a parking garage werebuilt about a decade later, that the mall started to be successful.
听说后面还有7分半钟的。。。。。。。
作者: 名字是个词儿 时间: 2009-12-6 22:57:49
TPO L13 L2
今天晚上第三篇～～我要牺牲了，，不要怀念我。。。。
Listen to part of a lecture in an ecology class.
So, continuing our disscussion of ecological systems, whole systems.The main thing to keep in mind here is the interrelationships. Thespieces in the system, even the landscape itself, they areinterdependant. Let take what you read for this weed and see if that wecan apply this interdependance idea. Mike?
Well, Ummm, how about beavors? Ecosystems with beavors in water wise.
Good, good, go on.
Like, well, you can see how it's so important, cause if you go backbefore European settles in north america, like before the 1600s, backwhen native americans were the only people liveing here, well, backthen there were a lot of beavors, but later on, after Europeans..
OK, wait, I see where you are heading with this, but before we go intohow European settlement affacted the egosystem, tell me this, what kindof environment do beavors live in? Think about what it was like beforethe Europeans settlers came, we'll come back to where you were headed.
OK, well, beavors live in streams and rivers and they block up thestreams and rivers with black logs and steaks and mud, you know, theybuild dams, that really slow down the flow of the stream, so than thewater backs up, and creats like a pond that flood the nearby land.
And that creats wetlands. OK, tell me more.
Well with wetlands, it's like there is more standing water, more stillwater around, and that water is a lot cleaner than swiffly flowingwater, because the dirt and settlement and stuff has the chance to sinkto the bottom.
More important for our discussion, wet land areas support a lot morevariaty of life than swiffly flowing water. For example, there are morevariaties of fish or insects, lots of frog spieces, and then spiecesthat rely on thoes spieces start to live near the wet lands too.
Yes, like birds and mammals that eat the fish and insects, and you gettrees and plants that begin to grow near the standing water, that can'tgrow near running water. Oh, and there's something about wetland, andground water too.
OK, good. Wetlands have a big affect on groundwater, the amount ofwater below the surface of the land. Think of wetlands as, Umm, like agiant spunge, the earth sokes up a lot of this water that's continuealyflooding the surface, which increases the amount of water below. Sowhere is there a wetland, you get a lot of ground water, andgroundwater happens to be a big source of our own drinking water today.All right, so back to the beavors. What if the beavors weren't there?
You just have a regular running stream, cause there is no dam, so theegosystem would be completely different, there'd be fewer wetlands.
Exactly. So, now let's go back to where you were heading before, Mike.You mentioned a change that occured after Euopeans came to northamerica.
Yeah, well, there used to be beavors all over the place, something like200 million beavors, just in the contenentally United States. But whenEuropeans came, they started hunting the beavors for their fur, causebeavor fur is really warm, and it was really popular for making hats inEurope, so the beavors were hunted a lot, over hunted, they are almostextinct by the 1800s, so that meant fewer wetlands, less standingwater.
And what does that mean for the ecosystem? Kate?
Well if there is less standing water, then the ecosystem can't supportas many spieces, because a lot of insects and fish and frogs can't livein running water, and then the birds and animals that eat them, losetheir food supply.
Precisely. So the beavor in this ecosystem is what we call a keystonespieces. Ther term keystone kind of explain itself. In archetecture, akeystone in an archway or doorway is the stone that holds the wholething together, and keeps it from collapsing. Well, that's what akeystone spieces does in an ecosystem. It's the crutial spieces thatkeeps the system going. Now beavor populations are on the rides again,but there are something go think about, consider humans as part ofthese ecosystems, you've probably heard about water shortages orrestrictions on how much water you can use, especially in the summertime, in reacent years, and remember what I said about groundwater,imagine if we still have all those beavors around, all those wetlands,what would our water supply by like then?
我认锉，今天就到这了，明天再写后三篇。那些每天听写并跟读一套的，你们都吃什么长大的啊
作者: i2000s 时间: 2009-12-7 10:03:10
本帖最后由 i2000s 于 2009-12-7 10:04 编辑
来顶名字儿~~加油我这两天的落后的啊。。。TPO3-6 lecture1h 20m+1h 44m=3h 4m
-----------------------------
7:08-7:14-7:19
c d b a a b
-8:09, 22:58-23:11-23:17
Now the astroaunomy didn't really bloomn into the science it isas today, until the development of spectroscopy. Spectroscopy is basically the study of spectraum and spectral lines of light. And specificalperspicularly for us, the light from stars. It makes it possible to analyze the light immediatelyemitted from stars. When you analyze this light, you can figure out the distance from the earthurasum's. And identify what they're made of, --determine their chemical composaition.
Before we get into that zone, it's probably a good thing to back up of a bit. You all know how when you put a crystal prism and pass a beam of sunlight through it, you get a spectrum which looks like a continuoused band of rainbow colors. The light that we see withof our human's eyes thatas thea band of rainbow color falls into a reginange of what we called visible light. And visible light spectroscopy is probably the most important kind of spectroscopy. Anyone want to take a stabep of the scientific term for visible light? And I'm sure all of you know this, because you all did the reading for today...keke...
Optical radiation. But I thought being exposed to radiation is dangerous.
Yes, and no. If you're talking about radiation, like in the yellowelement uranium, yeah, that's dangerous. But radiation as a general term actually refers to anything that spreadays away from its source. So, optical radiation is just visible light energy spreadaying out. Ok, so we've got a spectrum of beam of sunlight and it looks like the colors bleed into each other. Oh, there're no interruptions--just a band [url=]flowing from[/url][Q.C.1] to violeit, to green, to yellow, to...you get the idea.
Well, what happenes if the sunlight spectrum is magnified? Maybe you all didn't do the reading. Well, here is what you’d see.
I want you to know this that this spectrumband is interrupted by dark lines, called spectral lines. If you really magnify the spectrum of the sunlight, you can identify more than a hundred thousand of them. They may look a kind of randomly collistsplaced,
-----------------------------
091207
7:17-8:00, 8:49-8:56, -9:04-9:27-9:44-9:50
but they actually form many distinct patterns. And if you’ were looking at the spectrum of some other star, the colors would be the same, but the spectral lines will break it up at different places, making different patterns. Each pattern stands for distinct chemical element, and so different sets of or patterns of spectral lines means the star has different chemical composition.
So, how do we know which spectral patterns [url=]actual presentmatch up with[/url][Q.C.2] which elements?
Well, a kind of spectroscopal skeptic libraryies of elements was compiled using flame tests. A known element, uh, say a piece of iron for example, is heated in a pure gas flame. The iron eventually heated to thea point that it radiates light, this light is passinged through a prism, which breaks it up into spectrum, and a unique pattern, kind of like a chemical figure print of spectral lines for that element appears. This process was repeatcarried over and over again for thosemany different elements, so we can figure out the chemical makeupcomposition of another star by comparing the spectral pattern it has to the patterns of elements in the library.
Oh, an interesting story about how anone of the elements was discovered through spectroscopy. There was pretty extensive library of spectral line patterns of elements even by the 1860s. A British astronomer wasith analyzing a spectral ographic of sunlight, and he noticed the particular patterns of spectral lines that didn’t match anything in the library. So he put two and two together, and decided there was an element in the sun that hadn’t been discovered here on the earth yet. Any guesses about what thate element is? It actually turns out to be pretty common and I’m sure all of you know it. Ok, let’s try something else. Any of you happeneds to be familiar with the greatGreek word for “sun” by chance?
Something like “heliums”. Yes, something like that. Oh, it must be helium. So you are saying theat helium was discovered on the sun first.
Yes. And this is a good example of how importantce by spectroscopy is in the astronomy.
[Q.C.1]很快。。。
[Q.C.2]常用
晕 这次的蓝色紫色标记咋又乱了？
作者: 名字是个词儿 时间: 2009-12-7 11:03:51
继续， TPO13 C2
其实应该七遍精听再跟读的，那个稍后弄，先上菜。
Listen to a conversation between a student and the language lab manager.
Hi, I'm not sure, but is this the carter language lab?
Yes it is. How can I help you.
I'm taking first year Spanish this semester, our professor says we needto come here review a serie of vedios, I think it's called SpanishWorking on Your Accent.
Yes, we have it at...Umm, they are on the wall behind you.
OK, so I can just take...Can I take the whole therie home? I think there are three of them.
I guess you haven't been here before.
No, no I haven't.
OK, well, you have to watch the vedios here. You need to sign in toreserve an open room and sign out the vedio you need. Just start withthe first one in the serie, each vedio is half an hour long.
So, it's a vedio library, basically?
Yes, but unlike the library, you can't take any vedios out of the lab.
OK, so how long can I use a vedio room for?
You can sign up for two hours at a time.
Oh, good, so I can watch more than one vedio when I come up here. Isthe lab pretty busy all the time? Well, rooms are usually full rightafter dinner time, but you can sign up a day before to reserve a roomif you want.
Uhhh, the day before...But I can just step in too to see if there is any room open, right?
Sure. Step in anytime.
Ummm, what about copies of the vedios? Is there just one copy of eachin the series, I don't want miss out if everyone comes in at once.
Oh, no, we have several copies of each tape in the spanish accentseries. We usually have multiple copies of everything for each vediocollection.
Super! So how many rooms are there total in the lab?
20. They are pretty small, so we normally get one person or no morethan a small group of people in there watching a vedio together.
Actually, someone else from your class just came in and took the firstspanish vedio in to watch. You could probably run in there watch itwith him. Of course you are welcome to have your own room, butsometimes students like to watch with a classmate, so they can reviewthe material with each other afterwards. For example if there was somecontent they didn't really understand.
I guess I prefer my own room, I concentrate better by myself, and Idon't wanna miss anything, you know, and he's probably already startedwatching and...
No problem, we've got a lot of rooms open right now, when you come in,you sign your name on the list, and are signed a room number. Or if youcall in advance, the attendent will tell you your room number. If youforget, just come in and take a look at the list.
The vedios are over there.
Great, thanks!
作者: 名字是个词儿 时间: 2009-12-7 11:04:40
本帖最后由 名字是个词儿 于 2009-12-7 11:24 编辑
TPO 13 L3，变态的七分半演讲
才发现一个严重的问题，为啥写在记事本里的文字，全文粘贴过来，就少了好多空格捏？？？不少单词都连到一起去了。
Listen to part of a lecture in a poetry class. The professer is discussing medieval poetry.
OK, so the two poems we are looking at today fall into the catigary of medieval time, which was how long ago?
Almost a thousand years ago, right?
Yes, that's right.
But professor are you sure these are poems? I mean I thought poems wereshorter, these are more like long stories. I mean, one of them is allabout love, but the other one that Chan-chang-cha...whatever it'scalled, the other one, well it was all about fighting and battles, Imean, can both of them be consider poems?
Well, think back to the very beginning of this course. Remember how wedefine poetry? In the very broadest sense, we said it's written toevoke to make you, the audiance, have some kind of the emotionalexperience through the use of imagary. Umm, some kind of pridictablerythem, and usually, but not always, there is more than one meaningimpplied with the word that is used. Let's start with the Chansonpoetry first. That's Chanson. Chanson poems became popular in Europe,paticulally in France, and the term is actually short for a longerFranch phrase that translate to songs of deeds. Now they were calledsongs of deeds, because strangly enough, they were written to discribethe heroic deeds or actions of warriers, the knights during conflicts.We don't know a lot about the authors, it's still contested somewhat,but we're pretty sure about who the Chanson poems were written for.That is, they were written for the knights and the lords, the nobilitythat they served. The poems were song performed by a minstrila, asinger who travel from castle to castle, singing to the local lords andhis knights. Well, would someone summarize the main features of thechanson poem you read?
Well, there is a hero, a knight, who goes to battle, and he's admiredfor his currage, bravary and loyalty, loyalty to the lord he serves,his country and his fellow warriers in the field, he is a skilledfighter, willing to face the most extreme dangers, sacraficial, will tosacrafise anything and everything to protect his king and country.
OK, now given that the intended audiance for these poems were knightsand lords, what can we say about the purpose of chanson poetry? Whatkinds of feelings was it meant to provoke?
I guess they must have been really appealing to those knights and lordswho were listening to them, hearing the songs probably made them feelmore patrayotic, made they feel like it was a good and nobel thing toserve their country in whatever way they could.
Good, we've got a pretty good picture of what the chanson hero waslike. Now let's compare that to the hero in the other poem. The otherpoem is an example of what's called romance poetry, and the hero in theromance poem was also a knight, but what made the knight in the romancepoetry different from the knight in chanson poetry? Well, first, thepurpose of the hero's actions was different. The hero in romance poetryis independant, purely solitary in a way, not like the chanson poeit,who was alway surround by his fighting componiants, he doesn't engagein conflict to protect his lord or country, he does it for the sake ofadventure, to improve himself, to show his worthy of respect and lovefor his lady. He is very concious of the patitular rules of socialbehaviors he has to live up to, somehow, and all of his actions are forthe purpose of proving that he is an upright moral well-manneredwell-behaved individual. You may have noticed that in chanson poetry,there isn't much about the hero's feelings, the focus is on theactions, the deeds, but the romance poetry discribes a lot of the innerfeelings, the motivations, psychology, you could say, of a knighttrying to improve himself, to better himself, so that he is worthy ofthe love of a woman.
What explains this difference? Well, digging into the historicalcontext tells us a lot. Romance poetry emurged a few generations afterchanson, and its roots were in geographic regions of France that werecalmer, where conflict wasn't central to people's lives. More peacefultime meant there was more time for education, travel, more time forreflection, another name for romance poetry that's often synonimousedwith it is troubadour poetry.
Troubadours were the authors of these new romance poems, and we know alot more about the troubadours than we do about the chanson authors,because they often had small biographical sketches added to thirepoems, that gave pretty specific information about thire social status,geographical location, and a small outline of their career. This information wasn't particulaly reliable, because they were sometimesbased on fictitious stories of great adventure or scrabed together fromparts of different poems, but there is enough there to squeeze or infersome facts about their social class. The political climate has settled down enough so that troubadours had the luxary of being able to spend most, if not all of their time, creating, crafting, or composing theirlove songs for thire audiances. And yes, these poems were also sung,many troubadours were able to make a living being full time poeists,which should tell you something about the value of that profession during medieval time.
作者: 名字是个词儿 时间: 2009-12-7 12:12:44
TPO L13 L4
作业完成，我去挺尸了。。。。。。
Listen to part of a lecture in an astronomy class.
OK, I wanna go over the different types of meteoroids, and what we'velearnt from them about the formation of earth, and sollar system. Thething is what's specially interesting about meteoroids is that theycome from interplanetary space, but they consist of the same chemicalelements that are in matter oringinating on earth, just in differentproportions. But that makes it easier to identify something as amedeoroid, as opposed to two just a torestrial rock. So to talk aboutwhere medeoroids come from, we need to talk about comets and asteroids,which basically...they are basically made up of debreave left over fromthe origion of the sollar system 4.6 billion years ago.
Now I'm going a bit out of boarder here, I'm not going to go into anydeepth on comets and asteroids now, but we'll come back later and dothat. For now, I'll just cover some basic info about them. OK, cometsand astroids. It might help if you think of...remember we talked aboutthe two classes of planets in our sollar system, and how they differ incomposition? The torestrial planets like Mars and Earth, composelargely of rocks and metals, and the large gas giants, like Jupiter.Well, the sollar system also has two analogus classes of objects,smaller than planets, mainly asteroids and comets. Relatively near thesun in the inner sollar system, between Jupiter and Mars to be precise,we got the asteroid belt, which contains about 90 percents of allasteroids orbiting the sun. These asteroids are like the torestrialplanets, and they're composed mostly of rocky material and metals. Farfrom the sun, in the outer sollar system, beyond Jupiter's orbit,tempretures are low enough to permit ices to for out of water and outof gases like mathing and carbondioxide. Lose collections of these icesand small rocky particals form into comets. So comets are simillarincompositon to the gas giants. Both comets and asteroids are...typically are smaller than planets.
And even smaller type of inter-planet terridebree, is the meteoroid,and it's from meteorids that we get meteors and meteorites. "roids"are, for the most part anyway, they are just smaller bits of asteroidsand comets. When these bits enter earth atomosphere, well, that makesso special that they get a special name. They're called meteors. Mostof them are very small, and they burn up soon after entering earthatomosphere, the larger ones that make it through the atomosphere andhit the ground are called meteorites. So meteorites are the ones thatactually make it through.
Now we've been finding meteorites on earth for thousands of years, andwe've analyzed enough of them to learn a lot about their compositon,most come from asteroids, though a few may have come from comets, soessencially they are rocks. And like rocks, they're mixures ofmeterals. They are generally classified into three broad categories,stones, stony irons and irons. Stone meteoroids, which we refer tosimply as stones are often entirely rock material. They actualy accountfor almost all of the meteoroid material that falls to earth. But evenso, it's rare to ever find one. I mean, it's easier to find an ironmeteorite or stony iron. Anyone guess why? Look at their names. What doyou think iron meteorites consist of?
Mostly iron?
Yeah, iron and some nickel, both of which are metals, and if you're trying to find metal...
Oh, metal detectors!
Right, thank you! At least that's part of it. Stone meteoroids, thereif they lie around exposed to the whether for a few years, well,they're made of rock, so they end up looking almost indistinguishablefrom common torestrial rocks. Ones that origionated on earth. So it'shard to spot them by eye. But we can use metal detectors to help usfind the others, and they're easier to spot by eye. So most of themeteoroites in collections, in museums, they'll be...they're ironmeteorites, or the stony iron kind, even though they only make up about5 percent of the meteorite material on the ground.
作者: i2000s 时间: 2009-12-7 17:06:00
本帖最后由 i2000s 于 2009-12-7 19:54 编辑
tpo13-6 我的听写
TPO13-6校对初稿
Listen to part of a lecture in an astronomy class.
OK, I wanna go over the different types of meteoroids, and what we've learned from them about the formation of earth, and solar system. Uh, the thing is what's especially interesting about meteoroids is that they come from interplanetary space, but they consist of the same chemical elements that are in matter originated on earth, just in different proportions. But that makes it easier to identify something as a meteoroid, as it opposed to…too just a terrestrial rock. So to talk about where meteoroids come from, we need to talk about comets and asteroids, which basically...they’re basically made up of debris left over from the origin of the solar system 4.6 billion years ago.
Now I'm going a bit out of boarder here…umm…I'm not going to go into any depth on the comets and asteroids now, but we'll come back later and do that. From now, I'll just cover some basic info about them.
OK, comets and asteroids. It might help if you think of...remember we talked about the two classes of planets in our solar system? And how they differ in composition? The terrestrial planets--like Mars and Earth--composed largely of rocks and metals, and the large gas giants, like Jupiter. Well, the solar system also has two analogous classes of objects, smaller than planets--namely, asteroids and comets. Relatively near the sun in the inner solar system, between Jupiter and Mars, to be precise, we’ve got the asteroid belt, which contains about 90 percents of all asteroids orbiting the sun. These asteroids are…uh…like the terrestrial planets, and they're composed mostly of rocky material and metals.
Far from the sun, in the outer solar system, beyond Jupiter's orbit, temperatures are low enough to permit ices to form out of water and…and out of gases like methane and carbon dioxide. Loose collections of these ices and small rocky particles form into comets. So comets are similar in composition to the gas giants. Both comets and asteroids are...typically are smaller than planets.
And even smaller type of interplanetary debris is the meteoroid. And it's from meteoroids that we get meteors and meteorites. "Roids" are, for the most part anyway, they are just smaller bits of asteroids and comets. When these bits enter earth’s atmosphere, well, that makes them so special that they get a special name. They're called meteors. Most of them are very small, and they burn up soon after entering earth’s atmosphere. The larger ones that make it through the atmosphere and hit the ground are called meteorites. So meteorites are the ones that actually make it through.
Now we've been finding meteorites on earth for thousands of years, and we've analyzed enough of them to learn a lot about their composition, most come from asteroids, though a few may have come from comets, so essentially they are rocks. And like rocks, they're mixtures of minerals. They are generally classified into three broad categories--stones, stony irons and irons.
Stone meteoroids, which we refer to simply as, uh, stones, are almost entirely rock material. They actually account for almost all of the meteorite material that falls to earth. But even so, it's rare to ever find one. I mean, it's easier to find an iron meteorite or stony iron. Anyone guess why? Look at their names. What do you think iron meteorites consist of?
Mostly iron?
Yeah, iron and some nickel, both of which are metals. And if you're trying to find metal...
Oh! Metal detectors!
Right, thank you. At least that's part of it. Stone meteoroids, if they lie around exposed to the weather for a few years, well, they're made of rock, so they end up looking almost indistinguishable from common terrestrial rocks--once that originated on earth. So it's hard to spot them by eye. But we can use metal detectors to help us find the others, and they're easier to spot by eye. So most of the meteorites in collections, uh, in museums, they'll be...they're iron meteorites, or the stony iron kind, even though they only make up about 5 percents of the meteorite material on the ground.
作者: dabora 时间: 2009-12-7 18:55:57
TPO13C1
P:Good afternoon ,Alex, may I help you with something ?
S:Well, I want to talk with you about the reasrch project you have assigned today. I hope you could clarify a few things for me.
P:I’ll certainly try.
S:Ok, all we have to do is to do two observations and take notes on them, right?
P:Ur, that’s the start, but you need to do some research, too. Then you will write a paper of this, no so much about the observations, but a thesis you observed and read.
S:Ok….And what about the children supposed to be observed?
P:It’s not children, a single chid observed twice.
S:Ok, I should choose a child with a permission of a child’s parents of course and then observed that child in a couple of time to take good notes.Then?
P:Actually after your first observation, you go back and look through your textbook,or go to a library and find a few sources concerning the stage of development the particular child is in. Then, without that knowledge, you will make the second observation of the same child to see if this expected developmental behaviors are exhibited.
S:Can you give me an example?
P:Well,en,if you observed a 4 year-old child, for example, my daughter of 4 years old,you might read up on ?? stage of cognitive development we cover those in class.
S: Aha…
P:And most likely, what stage would a child of that stage be in?
S:Un…The preoperational stage?
P:Exactly, if in that case, her languages used to be maturing and her memory and imagination would be developed.
S:So she might play pretend like she would pretend when driving her toy car across a couch that the couch is actually a bridge or something.
P:That is right. In addition, her thinking would primarily be egocentric.
S:So she would thinking mostly about herself and her own needs, and might not able to see things from anyone else respectively.
P:En hun…
S:But what if she dosen’t? I mean, what if she dosen’t demonstrate her behaviors?
P: That’s fine, you’ll note that in your paper. See, your paper should compare what is expected of children at certain stages of development with which you actually observe.
S:Ok, I have one more question now.
P:What’s that?
S:Where can I find the child to observe ?
P:Url, I suggest you contact the education department secretary. She at least contacts the very schools and with certain families who are somehow connected to the university. Sometimes they are willing to help out students with projects like yours.
S:Ok, I’ll stop by the educational department office this afternoon.
P: And if you have any trouble or any more questions, feel free to come by during my office hours.
作者: happyfaith2008 时间: 2009-12-7 21:12:24
TPO 3 L 4
12月7日 补上作业，呵呵！错得还真是血淋淋！
Listen to a conversation between a student and a professor.
Hi, professor R, u know how in class last week u said u were looking for students who are interested in volunteering for ur archeologyproject?
Of course, r u volunteering?
Yes, I am. It sounds really interesting. But, do I need to have any experience for this kind of projects?
No, not really. I assume that most students taking the introductry level of class would have little or no experience with the archeological reaserch, but that's ok.
Oh, good! That's a relief. Actually, that's why I’m volunteering for the project to get experience. What kind of work is it?
Well, as u know we are studying the hisroty of the campus this semester. This used to be an agraculture area and we actually know where the main hall now stands, there once were farm hous and barn that were in the late seventy hundreds. We are excavating near the lecture hall to see what types of artifacts we find. U know since people used in the past that got very when the campus were constructed. We’ve already began to find some very interesting items like old bottles, buttons, pieces of clay potteries.
Buttons and clay potteries?
Did the old owners leave in such a hurry that they left their clothes and dishes behind?
That's just one of the questions we hope to answer with this project.
Wow, and it's all right here in campus.
That's right. No travelling involved. I wouldn't expect volunteers to travel to a site especially in the middle of the semester. We expect to find many more things, but we do need more people to help.
So how many student volunteers you are looking for?
I am hoping to get five or six. I’ve asked for vilunteers in of all the classes I teach but no one has responded it.u are the first one to express interest.
Sounds like it could to be lot of work. Is there any way I can use thie experience to get some extra credit in class? I mean can I write a paper about it?
I think it’ll depend on what type of the work u do in the excavation. But I magine we can arrange something. Acturally I've been considering offering extra credit for class because I've been a tough time getting volunteers. Extra credit is always a good incentive to students.
And how often would u want the volunteers to work?
We are asking for three or four hours per week, depending on ur schedual. A senior reasercher I think you know J my assitant is on site every the day.
Sure I know J. By the way will there be some sort of training?
Yes, I want to wait still Friday to see how many students volunteer and schedual training class next week a time convenient for everyone
Ok. I’ll wait to hear from you. Thanks a lot for accepting me.
作者: summerdingdavid 时间: 2009-12-8 08:58:04
这几天的题目在哪里啊？怎么只出倒5号？
作者: i2000s 时间: 2009-12-8 11:13:56
TPO 4-1 conversation
2h 48m
-------------------------------
7:26-7:31-7:39-7:40
13(4) a(c) 14 b(d) b
-8:00, 8:53-9:55-10:23-10:53-11:04-11:07
Can I help you?
Yeah, I need to find a review, it's for my English class. We have to find reviews of the play we are reading. But they had to be from when the play was first performed, so I need to know when that was. And I suppose I should start with newspaper reviews ...
Contemporary reviews.
Sorry?
You want contemporary reviews. What's the name of the play?
It's Happy Strangers. It was written in 1962, and we are supposed to write about its influence on American theatre, and show why it's so important.
Well. That certainly explains why your professor wants you to read some of those old reviews. The critics really tore the play to pieces when it opened. It's so controversial, nobody had ever seen anything like it on the stage.
Really? It's that a big deal?
Oh, sure. Of course, the critics’ reaction made some people kind of curious about it, they wanted to see what...what's causing all the fuss.. In fact, we were on vacation in New York. Oh, I had to be, eh, around sixteen or so. And my parents took me to see it. That would’ve been about 1965.
Oh, so that was the year premier? Great! But newspapers from back then weren’t online. So, how do I...
Well, we have copies of old newspapers in the basement and all the major papers publish reference guides to their articles' reviews, etc. You'll find them in the reference stacks in the back. But I start with 1964, so I think the play had been running for a little while when I saw it.
Ern. How do you like it? I mean, it's just two characters on stage hanging around, basically doing nothing.
Well, I was impressed. The actors were famous, and besides it was my first time in a real theatre. But, you're right. It was definitely different from many plays we read in high school. Of course, in the small town, the assignment was pretty traditional.
Yeah, I’ve only read it. But it doesn't seem like it would be much fun to watch. Hehe. The story doesn’t progress in any sort of logical matter, doesn't have any real ending either, just stops. Honestly, you know, I thought it was just kind of slow and boring.
Hehe. Well, I guess you might think that. But when I saw it back then, it was anything but boring. Some parts are really funny. But I remember crying, too. But I'm not sure just reading it. You know, they’ve done this play at least once on campus, I'm sure there is a tape of play in our video library. You might want to borrow it.
That's a good idea. I'll have a better idea of what I really think of it before I read those reviews.
I'm sure you'll be surprised that anyone ever found it radical. But you'll see why it is still powerful, dramatically speaking.
Yeah. It must be something about it, or the professor wouldn’t have assigned it. I'm sure I’ll figure it out.
-------------------
这篇我做的很烂
蓝色的是我认为需要修正的地方
欢迎讨论
作者: lanyouno2 时间: 2009-12-8 17:29:50
本帖最后由 lanyouno2 于 2009-12-8 17:52 编辑
TPO 4 L1 ·
这篇Conversation ，狂晕里面student的说。
L:Can I help you?
S:Yeah, I need a（to） file （find） a review, it's for my English class. We have to find reviews of the play we are reading. But they had to be from when the play was first forms(performed), so I need to know when that was. And I suppose to(I should) start with newspaper reviews
L:Contemporary reviews.
S:Sorry?
L:You want contempo reviews. What's the name of the play?
S:It's Happy Strangers,which(It) was written in 1962, and we are supposed to write about its influence on American theatre, and show why it's so important.
L:Well. That really(certainly) explains why your professor wants you to read some of those old reviews. The credits(critiques) really tore the play to pieces when it opened. It's so controversial, nobody had ever seen anything like it on the stage.
S:Really? It's that a big deal?
L:Oh, sure. Of course, the credits’ reaction made some people kind of curious about it, they wanted to see what...what's causing all the fuss.. In fact, we were on vacation in New York. Oh, I had to be, around sixteen also(or so). And my parents took me to see it. That would’ve been about 1965.
S:Oh, so that was the year premier? Great! But newspapers there from back then weren’t online. So, how do I...
L:Well, we have copies of old newspapers in the basement and all the major papers publish reference guides to their articles' reviews, etc. You'll find them in the reference stacks in the back. But I start with 1964, so I think the play had been running for a little while when I saw it.
S:How do you like it? I mean, it's just two characters on stage hanging around, basically doing nothing.
L:Well, I was impressed. The actors were famous, and besides it was my first time in a real theatre. But, you're right. It was definitely different from many plays we read in high school. Of course, in the small town, the assignment was pretty traditional.
S:Yeah, I’ve only read it. But it doesn't seem like it would be much fun to watch. The story doesn’t progress in any sort of(第二次没听出) logical matter, doesn't have any real ending either, just stops. Honestly, you know, I thought it was just kind of slow and boring.
L:Well, I guess you might think that. But when I thought（saw） it back then, it was anything but boring. Some parts are really funny. But I remember crying, too. But I'm not sure just reading it. You know, they’ve done this play at least once on campus, I'm sure there is a tape of play in our video library. You might want to borrow it.
S:That's a good idea. I'll have a better idea of what I really think of it before I read dozes（ those） reviews.
L:I'm sure you'll be surprised that anyone ever found it radical. But you'll see why it is still powerful, dramatically speaking.
S:Yeah. That(It) must be something about it, or the professor wouldn’t have assigned it. I'm sure I’ll figure it out.
作者: dabora 时间: 2009-12-8 22:59:57
C1:
L: Can I help you?
S: ye, I need to find a review. It’s for my English class. We have to find reviews of the play for we are reading. But they have to inform be from the place (play)with the first form,when the play was first performed, so I need to know when it that was and I suppose I should start with the newspaper reviews and ….
L: Contemporary reviews.
S: Sorry?
L: You want contemporary reviews. What’s the name of the play?
S: It’s happy strangers. It was written in 1962 and we are was supposed to write about its influence about on the Americans’ theater, so why it’s been so important.
L: Well, that certainly explains why your professor wants you read some of those old reviews. The critics critiques really tore the play into to pieces when they it opened. It was just it’s so controversial. Nobody could had ever see anything like that it on that the age.
S: really? Was Is that a big deal?
L: Oh, sure. Of course, the critical critiques’ reaction made some people kind of curious about it. They wanted to see what’s the causing of the fath all the fuss. In fact ,we want were on vacation in NewYork oh, I had to be around sixteen years old or so and my parents took me to see it. That would’ve be about 1965.
S: I said that year was primary, So that was the year premier, great, but eh, newspaper shoudn’t date on that line. Newspaper from back then weren’t online,So how do I …
L: Well, we have copies of old all the newspaper in the basement and all the major papers publish the reference guides to their articles and reviews etc. You’ll will find them on the reference desk stacks in the back. But in 1964, so I think the play had been running for a little while when I saw it.
S: En, how do you like it? I mean just two characters on the stage hanging around, basically doing nothing.
L: well ,I was impressed. The actors were famous and besides it was my first time in a real theater. But you are right. It was definitely different from the many plays we read in high school. Of course, in a small town, the assignments were pretty traditional.
S: I’ve only read it but it dosen’t seem like it would be much fun to watch. The story is progressive and anything about logical manners I don’t really need either just stops. Honestly you know, I thought it kind of slow and boring.
L:Oh, well. I guess you might think that. But when I saw it back then, it was anything but boring. Some parts are really funny but I remember crying, too. But I am not sure about just reading it. You know ,they have done this play at least once on campus. I am sure that the tape of the play are in our video library. You may want borrow it,
S: That’s a good idea. I’ll have a better idea of what I really think of it before I read those reviews.
L: I am sure you will be surprised at anyone ever found it radical but you’ll see why it is still powerful,dramatically speaking.
S:It must be something about it ,or the professor wouldn’t have assigned it. I am sure I’ll figure it out.
作者: lmsleeper 时间: 2009-12-8 23:01:14
TPO13 L5 中世纪诗歌
Ok. So the two poems we are looking at today follow to the category of medieval times. Which was how long ago?
Almost a thousand years ago, right?
Yes that’s right.
But professor are you sure these are poems? I mean, I thought poems are shorter. These are more like long stories. I mean, one of them is all about love, but the other one… shan…. Whatever it is called, the other one. but it is all about fighting, battles. I mean, can both of them be considered poems?
Well, think back to the very beginning of this course, remember how we define poetry? In the very broad sense, we said, it’s written to evoke, to make you, the audience, have some kind of emotional experience, through the use of imagery ['imidʒəri]
肖像, 比喻,影像，意象, some kind of predictable reason. And unusually, but not always there is more than one meaning implied with the words that they used. Let’s start with the Chanson poetry first, that’s Chanson. Chanson poem became popular in Europe, particularly in France, and at the term actually short for a longer France phrase freɪz
词组 that translated to songs of deeds. And now they were called songs of deeds, because strangely enough, they were written to describe the heroic [hi'rəuik]英雄的 deeds or actions of warriors ˈwɔrɪə 武士, the knights, during conflicts. We don’t know a lot about the offers. It’s still contested驳斥，竞赛 somewhat, but we’re pretty sure about who the Chanson
poems were written for. They are written for knights, the lords, and the nobility 贵族that they served. The poems were song performed by minstrel ['minstrəl]
吟游诗人, a singer who travel from castle to castle, singing to the local lord and his knights. Well, would someone summarize the main features of the Chanson poem you read?
Well there is the hero, a knight, who goes to battle and his fight for his courage, bravery and loyalty ['lɔiəlti]
忠诚, 忠心. Loyalty to the lord he serves, his country, and his fellow warriors in the field. He’s a skilled 有技巧的fighter, born to face the most extreme dangers, Sacrificial [ˌsækri'fiʃəl具有牺牲性的, willing to sacrifice anything and everything to protect their king and country.
Ok now, given that the intended 预期的audience for this poem are knights and lords, what can we see about the purpose about the Chanson poetry? What kinds of feeling was it meant to provoke产生，激怒?
I guess there must have been really appealing 吸引人的to those knights and lords who were listening to them. Hearing this song probably made them feel more patriotic [ˌpætri'ɔtik;ˌpeitri'ɔtik] 爱国的, feel them like with good, noble thing to serve their country on whatever way they could.
Good. We got a pretty picture of what a Chanson hero was like. Now let’s compare that to the hero in the other poem. The other poem is an example of what’s called Romance罗曼史 poetry. And the hero in the Romance poem is also knight. But what makes the hero in Romance poetry was different from the knight in Chanson poetry? Well, first, the purpose of the hero’s action was different. The hero in Romance poem is independent, purely solitary ˈsɔlɪtrɪ 孤独的，隐士in the way, not like the Chanson poet who was always surrounded by his fighting companions[kəm'pænjən]同伴. He doesn’t engage in conflict to protect his lord or country. He does it for the sake of adventure, to improve himself, to show he is worthy of respect and love from his lady. He is very conscious of the particular rules of social behavior that he has to live up to 执行，与一致somehow. And all of his action is for the purpose of improving that he is an upright, moral, well-mannered, well-behaved individual. You may have noticed that in Chanson poetry, there isn’t much about hero’s feelings. The focus is on the actions, the deeds. But Romance poetry, describes a lot of the inner feelings, the motivations, psychology, you could say, of a knight trying to improve himself, to better himself, so that he’s worthy of the love of the woman. What else explains this difference? Well, digging into the historical context tells us a lot. Romance poetry emerged few generations after Chanson. And its rules were in geographic regions of France they were comer, where conflict wasn’t central to people’s lives. More peaceful time meant there is more time for education, travel, more time for reflection 沉思. Another name for the Romance Poetry, that is often synonymy [si'nɔnimi 同义词 with it, is troubadour
/ ˈtruːbədɔː(r); US -duər;
poetry. Troubadours were the offers of the new Romance poems. And we know a lot more about the trubitors, then we do about Chanson offers, because they often had small biographic sketches added to their poems. They gave a pretty specific
spəˈsɪfɪk 确定的，特定的 information about their social status / ˈsteɪtəs; ˋstetəs/ geographic location, and small outline 外形，大概of their career. This information wasn’t particularly reliable, because they were sometimes based on fictitious [fik'tiʃəs]
stories of great adventure, or scrabbled ['skræbl;'skræbəl]乱涂乱写 together from parts of different poems. But there isn’t off their to squeeze there（这部分实在没听出来） or infer some facts of their social class. The political climate had settle down enough, so their troubadours had luxury of being able to spend most, if not all of their time creating, crafting or composing their love songs for their audiences. And yes, these poems were also songs. Many troubadours were able to make a live in being full time poets. That should tell you something about value of that profession during medieval times.
作者: gagachelsea 时间: 2009-12-8 23:14:05
L:Can I help you?
S:Yeah,I need to find a review.It's for my English class.We have to find reviews of the play we are reading.But they have to be from when the play was first performed，so I need to know when that was and I supposed I should start with newspaper reviews and...
L:Contemporary reviews.
S:Sorry？
L:You want contemporary reviews.What's the name of the play?
S:It's Happy Strangers.It was written in 1962.We(and we) are supposed to write about its influence on American theatre.So that's (and show) why it's been so important .
L:Well,that certainly explains why your professor wants you to read some of those old reviews.The critics are toward the played(really tore the play to) pieces when it opened.It was just(It's) so controversial.Nobody had ever seen anything like it on the stage.
S:Really?Is that a big deal?
L:Oh,sure.Of course,the critic's(critics') reaction made some people kind of curious about it.They wanted to see what was causing all the fuss.In fact,we want a(were on) vacation in New York.Oh,I had to be around 16 or so,and my parents took me to see it.That would be(would've been) 1965.
S:So that was the year premier,great,but,newspaper from back then weren't on line,so,how do I...
L:Well,we have copies of old(all the) newspaper in the basement,and all the major newspaper published(papers publish) reference to their article reviews,etc.You'll find them in the reference stacks in the back.But I start with 1964,so I think the play had been running for a little while when I saw it.
S:How do you like it?I mean,it's just too characteristic(two characters) on the stage hanging around and basically doing nothing.
L:Well,I was impressed.The actors were famous.Besides(and besides) it was my first time in a real theatre.But you are right.It was definitely diferent from many places we read in high school.Of course,in a small town,the assignments are pretty traditional.
S:Yeah,I've only read about it,but it doesn't seem much like it would be fun to watch. The story does(doesn't) progress in any sort of logical manner,doesn't have any real ending neither(either),It just stops.Honestly,you know,I thought it was kind of slow and boring.
L:Oh,well,I guess you might think that.But when I saw it back then,it was anything but boring.Some parts were really funny,but I remember crying too.But I'm not sure just reading it.You know,they've done this play at least once on campus.I'm sure there is a tape of this(the play) in our video library.You might wanna borrow it.
S:That's a good idea.I don't(I'll) have a better idea of what I really think of it before I read those reviews.
L:I'm sure you will be surprised that anyone ever found it radical.But you'll see why it's still powerful,dramatically speaking.
S:There must be something about it,or the professor wouldn't have assigned it.I'm sure I'll figure it out.
第一次做T的听写练习，希望大家指导！这是12月8日的作业！还有我已加入群，QQ叫Vince.G！
作者: morning8427 时间: 2009-12-9 02:41:34
本帖最后由 morning8427 于 2009-12-9 02:43 编辑
大猫猫的 TPO4 C1 听写作业 ， 真的很烂 ， 这篇本来就是做的很差的一篇题目，呵呵 。
Listen to a conversation between a student and a librarian
Can I help you ?
Ye, I need to find a review about (it’sfor) my English class. We had to find review
( of) the play we arereading. But they have to be (from) the play(were first performed) we were review first. (so I need to know when that was and I suppose I shouldstart with newspaper reviews and)
Contemporary
reviews .
Sorry
You want the contemporary reviews. What’sthe name of the play
It’s happy strangers, it (waswritten in)1962, (and)we weresupposed to write about (its) influenceon
the American theater (and )show why it’s (beenso) important
Well, that’s certain explain why your professor want you toread of
some of the (those old)reviews. Thecretic (critique) really toldthe (tore the play to )piece when (it opened) they were open. It just so controversial.Nobody had ever seen anything like it on stage .
Really . Is that a big deal?
Oh,sure.
Obviously(of course) the c(critiquesreaction)
made some people (kind of)curious about it.
They want to see what causing (all) the (fuss).
In fact (We)they were occasion(on vocation)
in NY ,I had to be 16 years old or so. And my parent took meto (see it )theatre , it’s (that’swould have been )about 1965.
Oh.see that was the year pemieer(premier). great , but newspaper (from back then werenot )getonline ,well.. so how do I…
Well ,we have copy of old newspaper in the basement. And allthe major paper published reference guides for ( to their)the articals reviews .youwill find thenm in the reference stack (in the back) and bag. But I
(start with )until 1964,so ) I thinkthe play had been running
for awhile when
I saw it.
Enm , how do you like it . I mean just 2 characters on stage(hanging around)
whenthey run. They have been nothing.(andbasically doing nothing)
Well, I was impressed. The actors were famous, ( and besides it
)it’s my first time to view (inreal )theatre . But you are right . There is definitely different frommany plays
we read in highschool.
Of course in a small townthe assignment were predict(pretty )traditional.
I only read it. (but it doesn’tseem like it would be much fun to watch) It doesn’t run on the logical. Story are (doesn’t )progress,(in any sort of ) itdoesn’t seen a logical matter. Dnes not have (real ending either) to review any need .just stops. As(honesty)
you know , I saw (it was kind of slow and ) can’t born.ing
Well ,I guess you might think that. But when I sight ( it )back in it. (was anything but boring) I find anything wasborn. some part were really funny. I remember cry too. But I’m not sure justreading it. You know they have done this play (at least) once on campus. I’msure there is a tape of video in the (our video) library. You might want toborrow it .
That’s agood idea. I’ll have a better idea what I reallythink of it before I read does use.( throse reviews).
I am sure you will be surprise whenever(thatanyone ever)
found it
radical .But you will see why it ispowerful . dramatically speaking.
Ther is must be something else when the professor signed it. I must be figure it out. (it must be somethingabout it, or the professor wouldn’t
have assigned it , I’m sure I will figure it out)
标的颜色块 都 显不出来了
作者: lingyemin 时间: 2009-12-9 08:57:01
玲珑小镇的TPO4，conversation 1，第一次做听写作业真得很烂，很大家指导，很多都没听出来，应怎么改进！
W:Can I help you?
M:Year, I need to find a review, it's for my English class, we have to find review of play we are reading.They have to be form when the play was first performed.(这句就听晕了）So I need know when that was, I suppose I should start with newspaper reviews.
W:Contemporary reviews.
M:Sorry?
W: You want contemporary reviews. What's the name of the play?
M:It's Happy Strangers. It was written in 1962. We are supposed to write influence on (写成inference） American theater and show(so) why it's been so important.
W:Well, That's certainly explains why your professor want you to read some of those review. The critiques really tore the play to pieces when it opened. It was so controversial, nobody had seen any like it on the stage.
M:Really? Is that a big deal?
W:OH, sure. Of course, the critique reaction（action） make some people kind of curious about it. They want to see what's causing all the fuss. In fact, we were on vacation in New York. I had to be, eh, around sixteen or so. My parents took me to see it. That would've been about 1965.
M:So that was the year premier. Great, but newspaper from back then weren't on line. So how do I.......
W:En, we have copies of all the newspaper on the basement, and all the majors' papers public reference guides to their article reviews, etc.
You will find the reference stacks in the back, but I start with 1964. I think the play had been running for a little well when I saw it.
M:En, How do you like it, I mean just two characters on the stage hanging around and basically doing nothing.
W:Well, I was impressed. The actors were famous, and besides it's my first time in a real theater. But you're right, it's definitely different from many plays we read in high school. Of course, in the small town the assignments are pretty traditional.
M:Year, I've only read it, but it doesn't seem like it would be fun to watch, the story doesn't progress in any sort of logical manner. Doesn't have real ending either, just stops. Honestly, I thought it's kind of slow and boring.
W:Well, I guess you might think that. When I saw it back it was anything but boring, some parts were really funny, but I remember crying too.
I'm not sure just reading it. You know, they've done this play at least once on campus. I'm sure there is a tape of the play in our video library. You might want to（ wanna ）borrow.
M:It's a good idea, I will have a better idea of what I really think of it before I read those reviews.
W:I'm sure you will be surprised that anyone ever found it radical, but you will see why it is still powerful, dramatically speaking.
M:It must be something about it, or professor wouldn't have assigned it. I'm sure I'll figure it out
红色部分不是听不出来就是听错了，请大家给点意见啊~~
作者: 名字是个词儿 时间: 2009-12-9 15:16:31
本帖最后由 名字是个词儿 于 2009-12-12 14:49 编辑
12月9日听写
TPO 4 C1 戏剧评论
这男生的语速要不要这么快啊啊啊？
Listen to a conversation between a stuent and a librarian.
Can I help you?
Yeah, I need to find a review, it's for my English class, we have to find reviews of the play we are reading, but they have to be from when the play was first performed, so I need to know when it[that] was, and I suppose I should start with newspaper reviews...
Contemperary[Contemporary] reviews.
Sorry?
You want contemperary[contemporary] reviews. What's the name of the play?
It's happy strangers. It was written in 1962 and we're suppose to write about its influence on american theater[theatre] and show why it's been so important.
Well, that certainly explains why your professor want[wants] you to read some of those old reviews. The critics[critiques] really tore the play to pieces when it opened, it was just so contravertial[controversial], nobody had ever seen anything like it on the stage.
Really? That big a deal?
Oh sure, of course the critics'[critiques'] reaction made some people kindda curious about it, they wanted to see what[what's] causing all the fuss. In fact, we were on a vacation in New York, Oh, I had to be...Oh...around sixteen or so, and my parents took me to see it, that would've be[been] about 1965.
Oh so that was the year of premier? Great, but newspapers shouldn't act in[Newspaper from back then weren't] online, so...how do I ...
Well, we have copies of old newspapers in the basement, and all the major papers published reference guides to their articals, reviews, extra. You'll find them in the reference stacks in the back. But I'd start with 1964. I think the play had been running for a little while when I saw it.
Hmmm, how do you like it? I mean it's just two charactors on stage hanging around, basically doing nothing.
Well, I was impressed. The actors was[were] famous, and besides it was my first time in a real theater[theatre]. But you're right, it was defenitely[definitely] different from any[many] plays that we've read in high school. Of course, in a small town the assignments were pretty traditional.
I've only read it, but it doesn't seem like it'd be much want[fun] to watch, story doesn't progress and... and in sort of logical matter doesn't have any real ending either, just stops. Honestly, you know, I thought it was kind of slow and boring.
Ohhhh, well, I guess you might think that. But what I thought[when I saw it] back then, it was anything but boring. Some parts were really funny, but I remember crying too. But I'm not sure just reading it. You know, they've done this play at least once on campus, I'm sure there is a tape of this play in our vedio library, you might wanna borrow it.
That's a good idea. I'll have a better idea what I really think of if before I read those reviews.
I'm sure you'll be surprised that anyone ever found it ratical[radical], but you'll see why it's still powerful, dramatically speaking.
Well, there[it] must be something about it, or the professor wouldn't have assigned it. I'm sure I'll figure it out.
作者: Darken 时间: 2009-12-9 20:56:49
FateStayMind 第一次听写作业(TPO 4 lecture 1)
[0:02.5] [0:06.1] listen to part of class in the biology class.[0:11.2] the class is discussing animal behavior.[0:12.4] ok[0:18.4] the next kind of animal behavior i wanna talk about maybe familiar to you[0:20.6] you may have seen for example[0:24.7] a bird, it's in the middle ritual[0:28.2] and suddenly it stops and preys[0:31.8] you know, take a few moments to stretch its feather.[0:34.4] and then return to the middle ritual[0:40.3] this kind of behavior this doing something seems completely out of place [0:45.3] is what we call displacement activity[0:50.7] displacement activities are activities that animals engaging when they have conflicting[0:52.5] drives[0:57.9] If we take an example a minute ago,err.. if bird if afraid of its mate[0:59.6] it's conflicted[1:05.2] it once timid ,but it's also afraid and wants to run away,so instead, its starting rooming its self.[1:08.9] so the displacement activity, the grooming,the stretching of its feathers.[1:14.8] seems to be irrelevant behavior.[1:20.6] so what do you think another example of displacement activity might be?[1:26.7] how about animal that instead of fighting its enemy or running away, Um.[1:32.0] it attack a plan or a bush[1:34.0] that's really good suggestion Carl,but that's called redirecting.[1:38.9] the animal is redirecting it behavior to another object.[1:43.8] in this case the plant or the bush.[1:47.3] that's not any irrelevant or inappropriate behavior[1:51.2] the behavior make sense [1:53.3] it appropriate in that circumstances[1:55.7] but what doesn't make sense is the object's behaviors direct the towards[2:00.9] ok[2:02.2] who else Caron?[2:04.1] I think I read in another class about the experiment[2:08.4] and where object the animals were afraid of was put next to its food[2:13.9] next to the animal's food[2:15.7] and the animal[2:17.1] it was conflicted between confronting the object and eating the food[2:21.9] so instead it just fell asleep.[2:25.1] like that [2:26.1] that's exactly what I mean[2:28.1] displacement occurs because animals got two conflicting drives[2:33.4] two competing urges,in this case, fear and hunger [2:38.6] and what happens is they inhibited each other [2:42.8] they cancel each other out in the way[2:45.3] and a third,seemingly irrelevant behavior surfaces[2:50.3] though a processing that we call disinhibition[2:56.3] now in disinhibition the basic idea is that[3:00.2] two drives that seems inhibit to hold back a third drive[3:06.5] well they get it in the way of each other ,in the conflicting situation somehow lose control[3:14.0] lose their inhibit effect on that third behavior [3:18.4] which means that the third drive [3:20.3] drive surfaces, express the animals behavior.[3:27.6] now these displacement activities can including [3:31.9] feeding drinking grooming[3:34.2] even sleeping, with these we call comfort behavior so[3:39.1] why do you think displacement activities are so often comfort behaviors[3:44.3] such as grooming[3:46.2] may because it's easy for them to do?[3:48.9] I mean grooming is like one of the most accessible thing animal can do,something they do all the time[3:55.6] and they have the stimulus right there[3:58.8] on the outside of their bodies in order to do the grooming[4:02.5] or if food is right from them[4:04.8] basically they don't have to think very much about the behaviors[4:09.5] professor ,isn't it possible that animals groom because[4:13.0] they've got messed up a little fighting or mating?[4:16.3] I mean if birds' feathers get roughed[4:19.0] or animals' fur[4:21.4] maybe its not so strange for them to stop and tide themselves up on that point[4:26.0] that's another possible reason, although it doesn't necessarily explain other behaviors such as eating drinking or sleeping [4:34.0] what's interesting is that studies have been done suggest that animal's environment [4:39.6] may play a part in determining what kind of behavior displays[4:44.4] for example, there is a bird [4:46.4] the wood thrush[4:48.3] anyway when the wood thrush is in attacking an escape conflict[4:52.8] that is its car between the urges to escape forming or to attack enemy [4:59.3] if it's sitting on the horizontal branch,it'll wipe its beak on the perch[5:05.2] if it's sitting on the vertical branch, it'll groom its brust feathers[5:10.3] they mediate environment of a bird, its immediate [5:14.8] its relationship to its immediate environment[5:17.8] seems to play a part in which behavior would display[5:21.7]
作者: Darken 时间: 2009-12-10 13:47:45
本帖最后由 Darken 于 2009-12-10 13:49 编辑
12.10 TPO 4 lecture 2 ----by fatestaymind
[0:01.8] listen to part of lecture in the literature class
[0:06.0] all right [0:15.6] [0:25.1] close today's class some sorts of ...[0:30.0] [0:34.5] and compare it with his poems and other works[0:38.1] I think this essay has the potential to be quiet meaning for all of you[0:42.4] as young people who probably wonder about things and truth that whether their life will like going[0:47.8] all sorts of profound questions[0:50.7] knowing something about XXX's philosophy will help you ....[1:07.4] when you read self reliance [1:09.8] [1:14.0] study have was about the truth[1:16.8] not until something that we be can taught[1:19.2] A says it's found within ourselves[1:22.7] so this's truth[1:24.4] the idea of each of us[1:27.0] is the one of the first point that you'll see A make it in this essay[1:32.0] it's a bit abstract, but it's very in to...[1:34.9] err...in to each person believe in his or her thought[1:39.3] Believe in yourself, the tougheer conviction that's true for you[1:44.3] but actually[1:45.5] he tells that in with sorts of universal truth,something that everyone knows [1:50.0] but doesn't realize they known[1:52.7] most of us are in touch with ourselves, in a way [1:55.8] some we just are capable of recognizing profound truth.[1:59.9] it takes genius.[2:01.8] people I could say Shakespeare[2:04.3] who are unique because when they have a glimpse ...[2:09.0] all right you are doing tonight's assignment.[2:11.5] you've been reading one of rifle ..A best-known essay -- self reliance[2:16.1] and compare it with his poems and other works[2:19.7] I think this essay has the potential to be quiet meaning for all of you[2:23.9] as young people who probably wonder about things and truth that whether their life will like going[2:29.3] all sorts of profound questions[2:32.3] knowing something about XXX's philosophy will help you when you read self reliance[2:37.4] and basically well the main believe study it has was what about truth.[2:42.0] not until something that we be can taught[2:44.3] A says it's found within ourselves[2:47.9] so this's truth[2:49.6] the idea that it's each one of us[2:52.2] is the one of the first point that you'll see A make it in this essay[2:57.2] it's a bit abstract, but it's very in to...[3:00.1] err...in to each person believe in his or her thought[3:04.5] Believe in yourself, the tougheer conviction that's true for you[3:09.5] but actually[3:10.6] he tells that in with sorts of universal truth,[3:13.4] something that everyone knows but doesn't realize they known[3:17.9] most of us are in touch with ourselves, in a way[3:21.0] so we just are capable of recognizing profound truth.[3:25.1] it takes geniuses[3:26.6] people I could say Shakespeare[3:29.5] who are unique because when they have a glimpse of this truth[3:32.8] this universal truth, [3:34.5] they pay attention to and express it, and don't just dismiss it like most people do[3:40.4] so Amazon is really into each individual believe in and trust in him or her self.[3:46.6] you'll see that he's right about[3:48.8] well first conformity [3:51.0] he criticize those people for abandoning their own minds and their own wills for sacrficing their conformity and consistence [3:59.3] they try to fit in with the rest of the world[4:01.7] even though it adds odds with their believes and identities[4:05.7] therefore it's best to be none of conformist[4:08.6] to do your own thing , not worried about other people's think[4:12.9] that's the important point, he really drive these argument at home throughout the essay [4:18.5] when you're reading ,I want to think about that why that kind of sort would be irrelevant to reader of his time [4:24.8] remember, this is 1838[4:27.3] self reliance was a novel idea at the time[4:30.3] and [4:36.6] the country is a whole to try to find out iteself[4:39.9] Amazon like to give people something to really think about.[4:43.3] help them find their own way and[4:46.0] who they were[4:49.3] so that's something that I think it definitely is relevant today ..was then[4:54.5] probably especially among young adults like themselves[4:59.3] you know college be a time to sought of who you are and where are you going?[5:06.5] now we already said that Amazon really emphasize nonconformity right?[5:11.7] as way to sort of[5:13.5] not lose himself and identity the world[5:16.6] to have your own truth and not be afraid to listen to it[5:20.3] well he take the step further [5:23.0] not conforming also means[5:25.7] not conforming with yourself or your past[5:29.5] what does that mean?[5:31.2] well if you've always been a certain way or done a certain thing but it's not working for you any more[5:37.3] or you're not content[5:39.3] Amazon says that it would be foolish be consisted even with our own past[5:44.0] focus on the future,he says, that what the matter more[5:47.9] inconsengse is good[5:50.9] he talks about the ship's voyage[5:52.7] and this is one of the most famous business he has say[5:56.1] how the best voyage is just made up the zigzag lines [5:59.7] off close[6:00.7] it seems all over the place,but father away the truth path shows[6:05.7] and the end just finds on the turns of the way[6:10.4] so don't worry if you not sure where you headed or what you long term goes on[6:15.2] stay true too yourself or other to make sense in the end[6:18.8] I mean I can't taste that[6:21.5] before I was a literature professor,I was a countant, [6:25.0] before that I was a newspaper reporter[6:28.0] may life is taking some pretty interesting terms, and here I am[6:31.7] very happy with my experiences where they front me [6:35.4] if you rely on yourself and trust your own talents, your own interest [6:39.4] don't worry your path will make sense in the end[6:42.0]
作者: leave3644 时间: 2009-12-11 01:02:43
本帖最后由 leave3644 于 2009-12-11 13:42 编辑
上面两个是tpo4 conversation 1
作者: leave3644 时间: 2009-12-11 01:05:55
本帖最后由 leave3644 于 2009-12-11 13:41 编辑
以上是tpo4 lecture 1。。。
因为我习惯手写听写了。。打在电脑上不太方便哈哈。。抱歉了大家，请多见谅~
多多监督我啊~~
作者: Darken 时间: 2009-12-11 11:35:17
TPO4 lecture 4 ------by fatestaymind
[>d]
[0:02.1] in this section you'll listen one conversation and two lectures[0:07.2] you must answer each question[0:09.9] after you answer click 'next'[0:13.2] then click 'ok' to conform your answer and go on to the next question[0:19.4] after you click on 'ok' you can't go to previous questions[0:25.1] if you are using the on-timed mode[0:28.4] you may return to previous questions[0:32.5] you'll now begin this part of listening section[0:36.0] in the actual test[0:37.9] you'll have ten minutes to answer the questions[0:42.0] click on 'continue 'to go on[0:59.5] listen to a conversation between a student and a professor[1:05.2] Hey, Jane, you look like in a hurry.[1:07.0] yeah, things are a little look crazy. what's going on? yeah, it's nothing[1:12.0] well[1:12.9] since your class, I guess it's ok[1:15.4] it's just I'm having trouble with my group project[1:18.9] Ah, yes, do it next week?[1:21.9] what's your group doing again?[1:23.5] it's about United States' supreme court decisions[1:26.7] we're looking at the impact in recent cases on property right[1:29.7] Municipal land uses cases, owning disputes[1:32.7] Right, ok, Urm...and [1:34.2] It's not going well? not really[1:36.8] I'm worried about the other two people in my group[1:39.4] they are just sitting back, not really doing their fair share of work, and waiting for an A[1:44.5] It's kind of stressing me out, we're just closing the deadline I'm doing everything for this project[1:50.3] a good old free rider problem? free rider?[1:53.5] I always just turn to describe this situation[1:56.4] when people in a group sit to get benefit of being the group without contributing in the work[2:02.0] any way [2:03.0] what exactly do you mean, you say they just sit back,i mean , they've been far leaving weekly progress with me[2:09.2] Yes,but i feel I'm doing the 90% of the work[2:12.9] I hate to sound so negative here but honestly , they are taking the credit for things they shouldn't be taking credit for[2:19.0] like last week in the library, we eat to decide split of the research[2:22.8] just three parts, then each of us were supposed to find sources in library for our own parts[2:27.1] I went off the stacks and found a really good material for my part[2:30.8] but when I got back to own table, they are just going off and talking[2:35.8] so I went to got materials for their sections as well[2:39.4] Umm... you know you should do that[2:41.4] I know, but I didn't want to risk the project going down on a drilling[2:45.3] I have both another question so I'm familiar with you work and your work canvas[2:51.0] I know,me too and that's why this's really surprised me.... do you?[2:56.3] does you group like your topic?[2:58.1] well, I think we'd all rather focus on cases that deals with personal liberties[3:02.8] question about free my speech. and things like that[3:05.5] but a chose the property rights, you chose the topic?[3:08.3] yeah, I thought it would be good for us, all of us want to try something new[3:12.5] Um that's the part of problem, maybe to recent aside about the topic[3:18.2] since you pick it, [3:21.1] talk to them all about picking up a different topic[3:24.0] but we've already got the sources,it's due next week.[3:28.0] we don't have time to start form scratch,ok,we all want to know... because you're so busy[3:33.1] but you might consider talking to your group about your topic choice I'll think about it[3:38.0] got a run. see you in class[3:39.7]
作者: i2000s 时间: 2009-12-12 12:39:46
本帖最后由 i2000s 于 2009-12-12 12:43 编辑
TPO 5-2 lecture3h 9m
----------------------
091211 7:35-7:44-7:50-7:56
b c 14 b c(d-comparison between examples) a
8:20-9:28-10:01
Have you ever heard one about the alligators living in New York sewers? The story goes like this. A family went on vocation on Florida and brought a couple of baby alligators as presents for their children. Then they returned from the vocation to New York bringing the alligators home with them as pets. But the alligator would escape and find their way into the New York sewer system where they started reproducing, grew to huge sizes, and now strike fear into sewer workers. Have heard this story? Well, it isn't true and never happened. But despite that, the story's been around since 1930s. Or how about the song "Twinkle, twinkle little star"? You know, "twinkle, twinkle little star. How I wonder what you are". Well, we've all heard this song. Where am I going with this? Well, both the song and the story are examples of memes, and that's what we'll talk about--the theory of memes.
A meme is defined as a piece of information copied from person to person. By this definition, most of what you know--ideas, skills, stories, songs--are memes. All the words you know, all the scientific theories you've learned, the rules your parents taught you to observe, all are memes that have been passed on from person to person.
So what? You may say. Passing on ideas from one person to another is nothing new. Well, the whole point of defining of this familiar process as transmission of memes is so that we can explore the analogy with the transmission of genes. As you know, all living organisms pass on biological information through the genes. What's a gene? A gene is a piece of biological information that gets copied or replicated and the copy or replica is passed on to the new generation. So genes are defined as replicators.
Genes are replicators that pass on information about properties and characteristics of organisms. By analogy, memes also get replicated and in the process pass on cultural information from person to person, generation to generation. So memes are also replicators. To be a successful replicator, there're three key characteristics: longevity, fecundity and fidelity. Let's took a closer look.
First, longevity. A replicator must exist long enough to be able to get copied and transfer its information. Clearly, the longer the replicator survives, the better its chances of getting its message copied and passed on. So longevity is a key characteristic of replicator. If you take the alligator story, it can exist for a long time in individual memory, let's say, my memory. I can tell you the story now or ten years from now. The same with the "Twinkle, twinkle" song. So, these memes have longevity, because they are memorable for one reason to another.
Next, fecundity.
10:02-10:38-10:54-11:03-11:08
Fecundity is the ability to reproduce in large numbers. For example, the common housefly reproduces by laying several thousands of eggs. So each fly gene gets copied thousands of times. Memes, well, they can be reproduced in large numbers as well. How many times you have sung the “twinkle, twinkle song” to someone? Each time you replicated the song, and may be passed it along to someone who didn’t know it yet, a small child maybe.
Finally, fidelity. Fidelity means accuracy of the copying process. We know fidelity is an essential principle of genetic transmission. If a copy of a gene is a bit different from the original, that’s called a genetic mutation. And mutations are usually bad news. An organism often cannot survive with a mutated gene, and so a gene usually cannot be passed on, unless it’s an exact copy. For memes, however, fidelity is not always so important. For example, if you tell someone the alligator story I told you today, it probably won’t be word for word exactly as I said it, still able be basically the same story, and the person who hears the story will be able to pass it along. Other memes are replicated with higher fidelity though. Like the “twinkle, twinkle song”. It has the exact same words twenty years ago as it does now. Well, that’s because we see songs as something that has to be performed accurately each time. If you change a word, the others will usually bring you in mind. They’ll say “that’s not how you sing it.” Right?
So, you can see how looking at pieces of cultural information as replicators, as memes, and analyzing them in terms of longevity, fecundity and fidelity, we can gain some inside about how they spread, persist, or change.
as usual, 蓝色部分是我认为官方脚本需要商榷的地方。
最近我们这网络改组，上网不方便了，先把前两天的发过来，后面不知道猴年马月才能上网了。。。
各位加油！
作者: i2000s 时间: 2009-12-12 15:55:09
TPO 5-3 lecture
1h 18m
--------------------------
7:10-7:17-7:24-7:29
d(b) a(d) b b(c) 12 b(d)
-8:02, 15:04-15:30
Last week, we covered some arguments against going back to the moon. But there're compelling reasons in favor of another moon landing, too. Uh, not the least of which is trying to pinpoint the moon's age. We could do this in theory by studying an enormous impact crater known as the South Pole-Aitken Basin. Uh, it's located in the moon's South Polar Region. But since it’s on the far side of the moon, it can only be seen from the space. Here's an image of… we’ll call it the SPA basin.
This color coated image of SPA basin--those aren't its actual color obviously--uh, this image is from the middle 90s, from the American Spacecraft called Clementin. Um… Unlike earlier lunar missions, Clementin didn't orbit only around the moon's equator. Its orbits enable it to send back data to create this topographical map of, umm, well, the grey and white area toward the bottom of the South Pole. The purples and blues, in the middle correspond to low elevations--the SPA basin itself. Uh, the oranges and reds around it are higher elevations.
不知咋滴 不在状态了
今天就做了这一点，效率极低啊 我一边抱头去了 还有一周啊
作者: lingyemin 时间: 2009-12-12 16:29:36
Listen to part of lecture in the literature class
Professor: All right, so letme close today's class with some thoughts tokeep in your mind while you are doing tonight’s assignment, you willbe reading one of Ralph Waldo Emerson’sbest-known essays’ “ self-Reliance” essay andcomparing it with hispoems and other works , I think this essay has the potential to be quite meaningful for all of you. As the youngpeople who probably wonder about things like truth and where yourlives are going, all sorts of (orthoughts) profound questions. Knowing somethingabout Emerson’s philosophies will help you, whenyou read “Self-Reliance” and basically, one of the main beliefs thathe had was about truth, not that it’s somethingthat we can be taught. Emerson says it’s found within ourselves,so this truth, the idea that it’s each of us, isone of the first point that you’ll see the Emerson making in this essay, it's a bitabstract but he's very into, ah... into each person believing him or her ownthought, believing in yourself, the thought or convictionthat's true for you, but actually he ties that in witha sort of universal truth, something that everyone knows, but doesn't realizethey know, most of us aren’t in touch withourselves in a way. So we just aren’t capable ofrecognizing profound the truth. It takes geniuses, people like, I can say Shakespeare,who you’re unique because they have a glimpse at this truth, this universaltruth, they pay attentions to it and express it and don’tdismiss it like most people do.
So Emerson is really into each individual believing in and trusting him or herself. You’ll see he writes about, well, the first conformity,he criticizes that people of his time for abandoning their own minds and their own wills for thesake of conformity and consistency, they try to fit in with the rest of the world, even though it’s at odds with theirbeliefs and their identities. Thereforeit's best to be a non- conformist, to do your own thing, not worry about what otherpeople think. That's an important point, he really drives argument home throughout the essay.
When you're reading I want you to think about that and why that kind of thought would be relevant to the reader of his time, remember this is 1838, “Self-Reliance” was a novel idea at that time, and the United State’s citizenswere less secure about themselves, asindividuals and as Americans, the country as a whole was tryingto define itself. Emerson wanted to give people something to really thinkabout, help them to find their own way and what itmeant to be who they were. So that's something that I think isdefinitely as relevant today as it was then, probably, um…especially, among
young adults, likeyourself, you know, uh, college being a time tosort of really think about who you are and where you are going.
Now we already saidthat Emerson really emphasizes and non-conformity,right?
as a wayto sort of not lose your own self and identity in the world, to haveyour own truth and not be afraid to listen to it. Well, he takes this a stepfurther, not conforming also means, not conforming with yourself, or your past,what does that mean? Well, if you’ve always been acertain way or done a certain thing, but it's not working for you any moreor you’re not content. Emerson says that it’d be foolishto be consistent even with our past. Focus onthe future, he says, that is what matters more, inconsistencyis good.
He talks about a ship’s voyage, and this is the one is the mostfamous bits of the essay. How the best voyage is madeup of zigzag lines. Upclose, it seems a little all over the place, but from the farther (truepass) away, and in the end it justifies all theturns along the way. So don't worry you're notsure where you’re headed or what your long-term goalsare. Stay true to yourself and it’ll makesense in the end. I mean, I can attest to that,before I was a literature professor, I was an accountant. Before that, I was anewspaper reporter, my life is taking somepretty interesting turns and here I am, very happy with my experiences and where you’ve brought me, if you rely on yourself andtrust talents, you own interest, don't worry, you path will make sense in theend.
请大家帮我分析分析，越是小的单词，连词我越是听不出来，给我点意见，红色和黑色都平分秋色了，足以见得听力做题错误率很好，找不到一个重点去记忆和做笔记！
作者: Darken 时间: 2009-12-12 17:02:29
12.12 fatestaymind 作业
lecture --- geology class
[>d]
[0:01.8] listen the part of lecture in the geology class[0:07.6] now we'll got a few minutes before we leave for today. so I'll just touch on the interesting subject that I think it'll make something important at the point[0:14.7] we've been covering rocks, and different types of rocks for last several weeks[0:19.0] but next week we're going to something a big different.[0:21.9] and get started,I thought I'd mention that something shows how.... some geologist[0:26.8] you need to know about more than just rocks and the structures of the solid matter[0:31.1] moving rocks, you may have head about them.[0:36.2] it's a ,, of mystery,[0:37.6] death valley is this desert plain[0:40.0] a dry lake bend in California surrounded by mountains and on the desert floor of the huge rocks[0:45.8] some of them hundreds of pounds and they move[0:49.1] they leave long trails behind them, tracts might say that them move from one point to another [0:54.5] but no body is able to figure out how they're moving, because no one have ever seen that happen[1:00.2] now there are a lot of serials, but all we know for sure is that people aren't moving those rocks [1:05.8] there are no footprints, no tire tracts, and no heavy machinary,like a bodozer [1:10.7] Um... nothing was ever brought in to move this heavy rocks[1:17.1] so what's going on?[1:18.8] theory number 1,wind[1:21.6] some researchers think powerful windstorms might move those rocks[1:26.6] most of rocks move to the same direction in the dominant of wind pattern[1:30.5] from southwest to the southeast[1:32.8] but some, and this is interesting, move straight west[1:36.4] well some zigzag, or even moving large circles[1:40.1] Umm how can that be?[1:42.7] how about wind combined with rain?[1:46.1] the ground of this desert is made of clay[1:48.5] it's desert, so it's dry[1:50.8] but when there is an occasional rain, the clay ground becomes very extremely slippery [1:55.4] it's hard for anyone to stand on, walk on.[1:58.3] some scientists theorize that perhaps when the ground is a slippery [2:01.8] the high winds can then move the rocks[2:04.9] there is a problem with this theory, one team of scientist flooded the area of the desert with water[2:10.6] then try to establish how much the wind force would be necessary to move the rocks[2:15.4] and get this[2:16.8] you need winds that at least 500 miles an hour to move just smallest rocks[2:21.8] and wind that strong have never been recorded ever[2:25.7] not on this planet[2:27.4] so I think it's safe to say that that issue's been settled[2:31.3] here are another possibility[2:33.1] ice[2:34.6] it's possible that rain on the desert floor could turn to thin sheets of ice when temperature drop at night [2:41.4] so if rocks of..become better than ice[2:45.8] ok could piece of ice with rocks be pushed by the wind?[2:50.9] but there is a problem with this theory too[2:54.1] rocks trapped in the ice together would have move together when the ice moved[2:59.5] but that doesn't always happen.[3:01.3] the rocks seem to take separate roots[3:04.3] there are a few other theories[3:06.0] maybe the ground vibrates,or maybe the ground itself shifting, tilting[3:11.4] may be the rocks are moved by the magnetic force[3:14.6] all the ideas have been limited the possibilities, there is just no evidence.[3:20.5] I'd better say itself, well[3:22.6] why don't scientist just set up video cameras to record what actually happens[3:27.6] since it's, this is protected wilder area, so by law that type of research is allowed[3:33.5] are powerful windstorms, sensitive camera equipment would be destroyed[3:38.5] so why can't the researcher just leave them for a while until they observe rocks' moving[3:43.6] same reason[3:45.0] so where're we now?[3:47.0] well right know, we still don't have the answers[3:49.8] so all this leads back to my main point[3:52.7] you need to know about more than just rocks and geologists[3:56.6] the researcher's studying the moving rocks[3:59.1] well they combined their knowledge of rocks with knowledge of wind ice and such[4:04.3] not successfully ,not yet but you know.[4:07.1] they wouldn't even be able to get started without..err.[4:10.8] earth science understanding[4:12.6] knowledge about wind storms , you know, mediology[4:16.7] you need to understand physics[4:18.9] so for several weeks like I say we'll address geology form a wider perspective[4:24.1] I guess that's all for today ,see you next week.[4:26.2]
[/d]
作者: lijr03 时间: 2009-12-12 22:57:50
Literature class
All right, so let me quote today’s class to give you are you doing last assignment. You would be reading Emerson’s best known essays so free lines and comparing it with other works. I think this essay has potentially quite meaningful for all of you as young people who power wonder things like truth and where your minds are going. All sources of profound questions. Knowing something for us helps you when you read so free lines and basically one of the main believes study hand was about truth. Not that something we can be taught Emerson says its found are ourselves. So this is truth. The idea that each one of us is one of the first points we can see Emerson mading in this essay. It is a bit abstract. But it is very into each person believing his or her own thought. Believing in yourself, the thought conviction that truth for you. But actually, it ties that in universal truth. Something that everyone knows but does not realize that they know. Most of us in touch ourselves in a way. So we just are capable in fracgnize in profound truth. It takes genius. People are excsay shakespare who you need because when they have glimpse this truth, this universal truth, they pay attention to and expressive and do its mess like most people do. So Emerson is really into each individual believing in and trust in him or herself. You see that he writes about, well, conformity and consistency. They try to fit them the rest of world even though at all with believes there identities. Therefore it is best to be know to do your own things not worry about what other people think. That an important point. It really derives us home when writing the essay. When you reading, I want you to think about that why that kind of thought would be relevant to the reader’s his time. Remember this was 1838, self relins was a novel idea at that time and united stated citizens were less care about themselves as individuals and as Americans. The country is whole to trying to find themselves. Emerson while to give something people to really think about how they find their own way and what might to be who they were. So that is something that I think that is definitely is relevant today is was that probably especially among as yourselves. You know colleges being a time to a sort of who you are where you are going. Now we already say that Emerson really amersize not conformity, right? As way to sort of not move on yourself indentity in the world? To have a truth not to a fraid to listen to it. He take that step further. Not conformal also means not conforming with yourself or your past. What does that mean? Well, if you always being a certain way or a certain thing, but it is not working for you anymore or you are not content. Emerson says that it is before they can consistent even if our past. Focus on the future he says, that was matters more. Inconsistency is good. He talks about the shots for each and this was one of most famous bits in the essay. How the best made for the just made up for lines. Of course, it seems that a little all of the plays. But from father away the truth path shows end and end that just find the turns on their own way. So don’t worry if you are not sure where you had it or what you own term goes on. Stay true to. I mean I can test that. Before I was a literature professor I was a count. Before that I was a newspaper reporter. My life has taken some previous interesting terms and here I am very interesting my experience and very brout me. If you rely in yourself and trust your talent. Don’t worry.. Your path makes sense in the end.
作者: Darken 时间: 2009-12-13 12:58:14
12.13-lecture6 ---by fatestaymind
[>d]
[0:02.3] listen to part of a lecture in a United government class [0:09.1] ok,last time we're talking about the government supports for the arts, who can sum up some of them main points[0:17.1] frank?[0:18.3] Well I guess there wasn't really any .. you know, official government supports until the 20th century [0:25.2] but first attempt of the United States government made to you know, , to support arts was the federal art project[0:31.9] right, so what can you say about the project[0:34.5] Uh.. it was started during the depression um. in the 1930s,to employ a lot of art workers[0:41.1] so was it successful[0:43.7] Jana, what you say?[0:47.6] Yeah, sure,it was successful , I mean, for one thing, the project's established on a lot of[0:53.6] like community art centers and[0:56.7] galleries, in place like rural areas where people had really hadax to the arts, right[1:02.5] yeah, but didn't the government end up wasting a lot of money for arts that wasn't even good[1:07.5] err.. some people might say that.but.[1:10.8] wasn't primary project of the federal art project to provide jobs[1:15.0] that's true,I mean, it deprived jobs for thousands of unemployed arts[1:19.5] right, but then when the United states became involved in WWII[1:24.4] Unemployment was down,and it seems these projects weren't really necessary any longer[1:31.5] so moving on[1:33.2] we don't actually see any govern[1:35.5] ...any real government involvement in the arts again until err...the early 1960s[1:42.3] when president Kenndy and other politicians [1:45.7] start to push from major funding to support and promote the arts[1:49.9] it was helped by a number of politicians that[1:53.2] well that government had the responsibility to support the art and [1:59.1] what can we say the solar spirit of the country [2:03.6] the idea was there's a subsidy[2:06.7] um.. financial assitance to artists, and artistic or cultural institutions [2:13.6] and for just those reasons,1965,the National Endowment for the art was created[2:22.5] so it was though the NEA, the National Endowment of Arts, the arts were developed[2:28.8] would be promoted throughout the nation[2:31.9] then individual states throughout the country start to established their own state art councils to support the arts[2:39.1] there was a kind of culture explosion[2:42.5] and by the middle 1970s [2:45.0] by 1975, I think, all fifty states has their own state art agency [2:49.6] their own state art councils and that worked with federal,with cooperations,artists, performers, you name them[2:59.5] did you just say cooperations?[3:01.6] how were they involved[3:03.2] well , you see, cooperation's art were always ultralitic.[3:09.3] well unless the government make the tract for them to do [3:13.1] so by offering cooperations taxes 刺激 to support the art[3:16.9] that is by letting cooperations pay less taxes if they're patroning the art[3:23.4] em.. the Kenndy cenar and Washingdon DC,you may ..um.. maybe you've been there[3:29.3] or Lincon cenar in NY[3:31.3] both of these were built with substantial financial support from cooperations.[3:35.8] and Kenndy and Lincon senars are only the examples.[3:38.8] many of your culture establishment since the United States will have a place somewhere.[3:43.6] and knowledge in support, the money, they receive from what ever cooperation[3:48.8] yes jana[3:50.7] [3:55.4] well, as a matter of fact , a lot of politicians who didn't believe in the government support of art[4:01.4] they what to do away with the agency entirely ,for that reason[4:05.5] to get rid of governmental support[4:08.1] but they only succeed in taking away about half the annual budget.[4:13.0] and as far as the public goes[4:15.4] well there are about many individuals who disagree with the government support, as well there're those who agree[4:22.7] in fact with artists in particular[4:25.3] you have lots of artists to support,and who have benefited from this agency[4:30.7] although it seems just as many artist supposing the government agency being involved the arts for many different reasons[4:38.1] reason like they don't want the government to control what they create[4:42.8] in another words,the argument both for and against government funding of the arts are as many and .[4:49.4] as the very does the individuals styles of artist hold them[4:53.1]
[/d]
作者: lijr03 时间: 2009-12-13 20:55:17
Student and professor.
Hey, Jan, you look like a little hurry.
Yes, things are a little crazy.
What things are going on?
Oh, it is nothing. Well, a class I get ok. It is having trouble with my group project.
Ah, yes. Do next week? What is your group doing now?
It is about united states print proty cysen. We are looking at impact recyingcase practically rights.
Ok, is it going well?
No, not really. I am worry about the other two people in my group. They are just sitting back not doing that fair share of work and. I am doing everything for this project.
Ah, the group of free writer problem.
Free writer?
How it describe the problem that the situation when people in the group sit together benefit being in the group without contributing to the work. Anyway, what is exactly in English you say that sit back? I mean, they being far away from the project.
Yes, but I feel that I do 90% of the work. I hate the sound for negative feel. But honestly they take the credit they should be taking for. Like last week we came to the library. We divide the project into three parts and each of us is supposed to find sources in the library of our parts.. I find really good material for my part. But when I going back to our table, they are going off and just talking.
You know you shouldn’t do that.
I know. But I didn’t want to rest the project.
I know. Do them does not familiar with work habbits?
I know. Me too. And that is why this is really surprise me.
Does your group like the topic?
I think we already focus on cases that deal with.
You choices topics?
Yes, I thought that is good for us. All of us to try something new.
Maybe that’s the problem. Maybe to Different topic.
But It is do next week.
I think to talk about the topic with your group member.
I will think about it. Go around. See you in class.
作者: lmsleeper 时间: 2009-12-13 22:18:38
TPO4-L4
Government support for the arts
Ok, last time we were talking about government support for the arts. Who can sum up the main points?
I guess there wasn’t any efficient government support for the arts until the 20 century. But the first attempt Unite State made to support the arts was the federal art project.
So what can you say about the project?
It was started during the depression, in the 1930s to employee out-of-work artists.
So, was it successful? Janet, what will you say?
Yeah, sure, it was successful. I mean for one thing, the project established a lot of like community art centers and galleries in places like rural areas, where people hadn’t really had access to the arts.
Right!
Yeah, but didn’t the government end up wasting a lot of money for art they wasn’t even good?
Some people might say that. But, wasn’t the primary objective 目标 of the Federal art project to provide jobs?
That’s true. They did provide jobs for thousands of unemployed artists
Right. But when the unite states involved in the Second World War, unemployment was down, and it seemed these programs wasn’t really necessary any longer. So, moving on. We don’t actually see any real government involvement in the arts was gone(again) until the early 1960s. when president Kennedy and other politicians started to push for major funding 资金 to support and promote the arts. It was felt by a number of politicians that the government had the responsibility to support the arts as sort of solar (soul or) spirit of the country. The idea was that there will be a federal subsidy ['sʌbsidi; 补助金，津贴 , financial assistance to artists and artistic艺术的 or culture institutions. And for just those reasons, in 1965, the national endowment捐助 for the arts was created. So it was through the NEA, the national endowment for the arts, that the arts were developed would be promoted throughout 遍及the nation. And then individual states throughout the country started to established their own state arts councils ['kaunsil委员会 to help support the arts. There was a kind of cultural explosion. And by the middle 1970s, by 1975 I think, all fifty states had their own agency. There were own state arts councils that worked with the federal government with corporations, artists, performers, you name it.
Did you just say corporations? How were they involved?
Oh you see, corporations aren’t always altruistic [ˌæltru'istik]利他主义的. They might not support the arts unless the government made it attractive for them to do so, by offering corporation tax incentives刺激，激励 to support the art. That is by letting corporation to pay less in taxes if they were patrons/ ˈpeɪtrən 资助人of the arts. The Kennedy center in Washington DC, maybe you’ve been there, or Lincoln center in New York, both of them were built with substantial / səbˈstænʃl;实体的，大量的 financial support from corporation. And the Kennedy and Lincoln centers aren’t the only examples. Many of your cultural establishment in United States all have a plaque plæk; 饰板，斑somewhere acknowledging 承认，致谢their support, their money, they received from whatever corporations. Yes, Janet
But aren’t there a lot of people who don’t think it’s the government’s role to support the arts?
Well as a matter of fact事实上, a lot of politicians who did not believe in government support for the arts, they wanted to do away with废除，弄死 the agency entirely, for that very reason, to get rid of governmental support. But they only succeeded in taking away about half the annual ['ænjuəl]budget [annul [ə'nʌl]废除] And as far as 就…而言，到…程度the public goes, there are about as many individuals who disagree with the government support as there are whose who agree. In fact, with artists in particular, you have lots of artists to support it and who had been benefited from this agency, although it seems that just as many artists suppose the government agency been involved in the arts, for many different reasons, reasons like they don’t want the government to control what they create, in other words, the arguments both for and against the government funding the arts are as many and as varied as individual styles of the artist who hold them
作者: 名字是个词儿 时间: 2009-12-14 09:46:53
本帖最后由 名字是个词儿 于 2009-12-14 10:31 编辑
补上周听写。TPO L4 L4
斜体为需要学习的生词和短语。下划线为跟读时的弱点
Listen to part of a lecture in a United States government class.
OK, last time we were talking about government support for the arts. Who can sum up some of the main points? Frank.
Well, I guess there wasn't really any, you know, official government support for the arts untill the 20th century, but the first attempt the United States government made to, you know, to suppport the art was the federal art project.
Right, so what can you say about the project?
Ummm, it was started during the depression, Ummm, in the 1930s, to employ out-of-work artists.
So was it successful? Jennet[Janet], what do you say?
Yeah, sure, it was successful, I mean for one thing, the projet established a lot of..errrr...like community art centers and galaries[galleries] in place like rural areas, where people hadn't really had access to the arts.
Right.
Yeah, but didn't the government end up wasting a lot of money for art that wasn't even very good?
Ahhh, some people might say that, but wasn't the primary object[objective] of the federal art project to provide jobs?
Hmmm, that's true, I mean it did provide jobs for thousands of unemployed artists.
Right, but then when the United States became involved in the second world war, unemployment was down, and it seemed[seems] that these programs weren't really neccessary[necessary] any longer.
So, moving on. We don't actually see any govern...any real government involvement in the arts again until the early 1960s, when President Canidy[Kennedy:L] and other polititions[politicians] started to push for major funding to support and promote the art[arts]. It was felt by a number of polititions that...well, that the government had a responsibility to support the art, as sort of...oh, what can we say, the sole[soul], the[or] spirit of the country. The idea was that there be a federal subsity[subsidy 补助金，津贴], financial assistance to artists and artistical[artistic] or cultral institutions, and for just those reasons, in 1965, the National Endoument[Endowment 捐助，奖金]
for the Arts was created.
So it was through the NEA, the Natioal Endoument[Endowment] for the Arts that the arts was developed[would develop], would be promoted throughout the nation. And then individual states throughout the country started to establish their own state art consils[councils] to help support the art[arts]. There was kind of cultral explosion. And by the mid 1970s, by 1974 I think, all 50 states had their own art[arts] agencies, their own state arts concils[councils 晕，两次错的还不一样] that work with the federal government, with coorporations[corporations], artists, performers, you name it.
Did you just say coorporations[corporations]? How are they involved?
Well, you see, corporations aren't always altrulistic[altruistic 得他主义的]. They might not support the arts unless, well, unless the government made it attractive for them to do so, by offering corporations tax incentives[刺激，激励] to support the arts. That is by letting corporations pay less in taxes if they were patroits[patrons赞助人] of the arts. Ummm, the Cenidy[Kennedy] Center in Washington DC, you may...maybe you've been there, or Lincon[Lincoln] Center in NY, both of these were built with substantial financial support from corporations. And the Cenidy and Lincon[Kennedy and Lincoln] Centers aren't the only examples, many of your cultral establishments in the United States will have aplaques[a plaque] somewhere, acknowledgeing[acknowledging] the support, the money they recieve[recieved] from whatever corporation. Yes, Jennet[Janet]?
Aren't there a lot of people who don't think it's the government's role to support the art[arts]?
Well, as a matter of fact, a lot of polititions[politicians] who did not believe in government support for the arts, they wanted to do a way[away] with the agency entirly, for that very reason, to get rid of governmental support, but they only succeeded in taking away about half the annual budget, and as far as the public goes, well, there are about as many individuals who disagree with the government support as there are those who agree. In fact, with artists in paticular, you have lots of artists who support, and who have benefited from this agency, although it seems that just as many artists oppose
the government agency being involved in the arts, for many different reasons. Reasons like they don't want the government to control what they creat. In other words, the arguments both for and againt government's[government] funding of the arts are as many and as vary[varied] as the individual styles of the artists who hold them.
作者: nicole-xiha 时间: 2009-12-14 13:44:05
本帖最后由 nicole-xiha 于 2009-12-14 15:18 编辑
补昨天听写 Lecture 4
感觉自己插入语、复数部分和否定部分听的不好
Last time we were talking about government supports for the arts, who can sum up some of the main points? Frank? I guess there were not (wasn't) really (any)...you know... official (government)support for the arts until 20 (twentieth) centrury. but the first attempt for(没有这个词） the United States government made to ,you know, supported to（to support) the arts was the federal art project. So, what can you say about the project?It was started during the depression in the 1930s to employ( out-of-work) artist. So, was it successful? Janna, what did(do) you say？yeah,sure,it was useful, i mean for one thing, the project established a lots of communities, art centers(community art centers),galleries in place of(and place like) rural areas, (where) people (hadn't really) have access to the arts. Right(yeah, but )Didn't the government realize that it's (end up wasting)a waste of money on(for) arts what is not really(that was not even) very good? Some people might say that, but wasn't the primary (objectvie) of the federal art project to provide jobs? That's true,i mean it did provide jobs for thousands of umemployed artist. But when united states get (became) involved in the second world war, the employment(unemployment) was done(down) ,and it seems that (these）programs was(were) not necessary any longer. So, moving on. we don't actually say any govern- government involve(involvement in) the arts again until the early 1960s the president Kenedey and other politicians started to push (for)the major funding just for the motiart(to support and promote the arts这句不知道怎么听的). It was failed(felt) by a number of politicians, well ,the government have the responsibility to support the arts a(as) sort of what can we say--- the soul (or) spirit of the country.
the idea of federal subsidy(the idea was that there be a federal subsidy) financial the assistence to artistical(artists and artistic)cultural institutions and for just little(those) reasons ,in 1965 the national endowment for the arts was created. so it was through the (NEA) the national endowment for the arts the arts would develop and (would be) promoted through the (naiton) . (and then) the individual states through the country started to establish their own stores(state art councils) to help support the arts. There was a kind of (cultural) explosion and by the mid of the 1970s, by 1974 ,i think, all 50 states had its own art agencies. Their own state arts councils that work with the federal government, with corperations ,artist s perfomence(perfomers) ,you name it. Did you just say coorperations? how are they involved? Well, you must know ,corperations are(aren't) always altruistic. They might not support the arts unless the government made it attractive for them to do so by offering the corperation tax (incentives) to support the arts, by letting coorperations pay less in taxes, and they will pay trings for the arts.(and if they were patrons of the arts) The kenedey center, in washington DC, you may be have been there all Lincoln center in NY, both of these was build with the substantial financial support from the corperations.And kinedey and the lincoln center are(aren't) the only emamples. Many of the cultual establishments in the united states will have a (plaque) some where acknowledgeing the support the money, they illw (received from) whatever cooperation. YES, JANNA, there were(aren't there) some(a lot of) people don't believe(think) the government real(role） support for the arts. yes ,it's a matter of facts, there are a lot of politicians who didnot believe inthat the government support for the arts, they want to do away with the agency entirely for that very reason to get rid of governmental support,but they only succeeded in can take(taking) away half of the(annual) budget and as far as the publicos(goes), well ,there are about many of the individuals who disagree with the government support as those they are agree(there are those who agree), in fact, with arts sup(artist in particular) you have lots of artists (who) support or have benefited from the agency,just as many of the people suppose the reasons of the government support for the arts, they don't want the government to control their create. in other words, the argument both for and against the government funding of the arts are as many and it's very end of(as varied as the )individual style of the artists who hold them
作者: i2000s 时间: 2009-12-14 17:10:15
TPO 5-3 lecture
1h 18m+2h 32m=3h 50m
--------------------------
7:10-7:17-7:24-7:29
d(b) a(d) b b(c) 12 b(d)
-8:02, 15:04-15:30
Last week, we covered some arguments against going back to the moon. But there're compelling reasons in favor of another moon landing, too. Uh, not the least of which is trying to pinpoint the moon's age. We could do this in theory by studying an enormous impact crater known as the South Pole-Aitken Basin. Uh, it's located in the moon's South Polar Region. But since it’s on the far side of the moon, it can only be seen from the space. Here's an image of… we’ll call it the SPA basin.
This color coated image of SPA basin--those aren't its actual color obviously--uh, this image is from the middle 90s, from the American Spacecraft called Clementin. Um… Unlike earlier lunar missions, Clementin didn't orbit only around the moon's equator. Its orbits enable it to send back data to create this topographical map of, umm, well, the grey and white area toward the bottom of the South Pole. The purples and blues, in the middle correspond to low elevations--the SPA basin itself. Uh, the oranges and reds around it are higher elevations.
091213
9:09-10:39-10:59-11:19-11:37-11:41
The basin measures an amazing two thousand five hundred kilometers in diameter and its average depth in twelve kilometers. That makes it the biggest known crater in our solar system, and may well be the oldest.
You know, planetary researchers love studying deep craters, so to learn about the impacts that created them, how they redistributed pieces of planet’s crust. And in this case we especially want to know if any of the mantle, the layer beneath the crust, was exposed by the impact. Not everyone agrees, but some experts are convinced that whatever created the SPA basin did penetrate the moon's mantle. And we need to find it out, because much more than the crust, the mantle contains information about the planet's or moon's total composition. And that's key to understand the planet's formation. Uh, Dian?
So, the only way to know the basin's age is to study the rocks directly?
Well, from radio survey data, we know that the basin contains lots of smaller craters. So it must be really old, about 4 billion years, give or take a few hundred million years. But that's not very precise. If we have rock samples to study, we'll know whether the small craters were formed by impacts during the final stages of planetary formation or if they resulted from later meteor showers.
But if we know around how old the basin is, I'm not sure that's reason enough to go to the moon again.
No, but such crude estimates, um… we can do better than that. Besides, there're other things worth investigating. Like, is there water ice on the moon? Clementine's data indicated the...the wall of the south polar crater was more reflective than expected, so some experts think there're probably ice there. Also, data from a later mission indicates significant concentrations of hydrogen and by influence water less in the meter underground at both poles.
Well if there’s water, how did they get there? Underground rivers?
Umm, we think meteors that crashed into the moon or tails of passing comets may have introduced water molecules. Any water molecules that found their way to the floors of craters near the moon's poles that water would be perpetually frozen, because the forge of those craters are always in shadow. Furthermore, if the water ice was mixed in with rock and dust, it could be protected from evaporation.
So are you saying there might be primitive life on the moon?
Uh, there's not my point at all. Ok, say there is water ice on the moon. There would be very practical value for future moon base for astronauts. Water ice could be melted and purified for drinking. It could also be broken down into its component parts--oxygen and hydrogen. Oxygen could be used to breathe, and hydrogen could be turned into fuel, rocket fuel. So water ice could enable the creation of a self-sustaining moon base someday, a mining camp perhaps sort of aparture point for further space exploration.
But holding tons of equipments to the moon to make fuel and build the live support system for a moon base, wouldn’t that be too expensive?
Uh, permanent base maybe a way's off. But we shouldn't have to wairt for that. The dust at the bottom of the SPA basin really does have a fascinating story to tell. And I wouldn’t give for a few samples of it.
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