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标题: 1006G jinziqi的备考日记—— 年轻不拼待何时 [打印本页]
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2009-12-1 19:50:09 标题: 1006G jinziqi的备考日记—— 年轻不拼待何时
本帖最后由 jinziqi 于 2010-1-18 23:42 编辑
今天才看到这个小组，但愿我还能追上大家的进度…但愿还有机会…经过了一次惨痛的教训，摔得很痛，也懂了不少。
但是我还是相信只要努力，努力努力，一定可以实现梦想。我还年轻~呵呵
正所谓“悟已往之不谏,知来者之可追;实迷途其未远,觉今是而昨非.”
目标 as more as possible 哈哈~
作业我慢慢补。。
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2009-12-3 20:24:03
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作者: jinziqi 时间: 2009-12-3 21:13:23
My note -- the first day
By reading the fundamental course of writing 1-4, I realize that before I start to write an article, I should fully understand what the topic means first by asking that 20 questions to myself. Then making my purpose clearly by asking myself why should I write about this and why should anyone read it. Next, brainstorm is really important although I have never tried before. It can help me to gather various ideas as many as possible so that I can put them into my paper to support my position. Also, I should stand on other different points of view to think the pro and con.
I think this is really helpful, not only in the AW writing, but also in the other writing task, no matter in English or Chinese. I hope I can exercise more to obtain this ability. This is why I use English to state what I have learned today although my writing is not good.
Today I also translate some part of the "awintro". I'll try to catch up with others...
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2009-12-4 23:10:19
The second day --
主谓一致
1.并列结构作主语时谓语用复数 Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.
2.There be; either… or…; neither… nor 谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致
3.代词each和由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语，或主语中含有each, every, 谓语需用单数
4.主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词时 谓语动词与前面的主语一致
5.表示金钱，时间，价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语 时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数
6. a+单数名词+or two做主语，谓语动词用单数形式。one or two+复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式
A word or two is missed in the sentence.
One or two words are missed in the sentence.
情态动词
1. may(might) have + done sth. ; can (could) have + done sth. 表示过去，推测过去时间里可能发生的事情
2. ought to have done sth. ; should have done sth. 本应该做某事，而事实上并没有做。否定句表示"不该做某事而做了"
3. would like to have done sth. 本打算做某事; needn't have done sth. 本没必要做某事
虚拟语气
1.对现在的虚拟
If ... were /did, would /could /should /might + do
2.对过去事实的虚拟
If ... had done, would /could / should /might + have done
3.对将来事实的虚拟
If ... were+不定式(/Should+ 动词原形), would /could /should /might+ do;
Just took something that is easy to forget for me.
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2009-12-5 23:13:28
本帖最后由 jinziqi 于 2009-12-5 23:14 编辑
The third day -- part of translation of awintro
在Issue任务上表达你的观点
理解Issue任务
在Issue任务上表达你的观点，评价你批评地思考一个大众感兴趣的话题以及将它在写作中表达清楚的能力。每个话题，在引用语标记中，声称了一个问题，考察考试者能从不同的角度讨论并应用到许多不同的情况和条件下。你的任务是表达一个不得已的情况，来支持这个问题你的立场。一定要仔细地读声称，并且从一些观点去思考它，考虑这个意见和那些观点的复杂性。然后，记下你想发展的立场，列出主要的原因和解释，来支持你的立场。
Issue任务允许你在回复这个声称的方法上有相当多的言论自由。尽管强调一个中心的问题很重要，你可以自由去采取任何你想用的方法。例如，你可以
完全同意这个声称，完全不同意，或者同意其中的部分，不同意其它的部分
对假设和看似对的陈述进行质疑
限定任何一个词语，特别是如果以定义或应用一个术语的方法对发展你的观点很重要
指出这个声称为什么在某些情况下有根据但是在其它情况下则不然
评价一些与你自己观点相反的观点
用一些理由来发展你的观点，用一些相关的例子或者一个深入的例子来支持
GRE读者给你的回复评分的时候不关注它是否是一个正确的答案，实际上，没有正确的观点。取而代之的是，读者评价你清晰明白地表达和发展一个辩论来支持在这个问题上你的立场的能力。
理解写作的上下文：目的和读者
Issue任务是一个批评的思考和说服的写作的练习。这个任务的目的是衡量你如何发展一个有说服力的辩论支持你自己的观点在一个问题上，有效地与学术的读者在写作上针对这个问题交流。你的读者有学院和大学的老师，他们被训练为GRE的读者来评分准则根据分数指导“在一个问题上表达你的观点”P27
为了得到一个清晰的观点关于GRE读者如何对一个真实的回复应用Issue评分准则，你应该看分数样例Issue随笔回复和读者的评价。样例回复，特别是5分和6分等级的，将告诉你一些成功的组织、发展和交流一个观点性问题的策略。读者的评价讨论特别的分析和写作方面，比如举例，发展和支持，组织，语言的流畅性，和词语的选择。对于每一个回复，评价都指出了特别有说服力的地方和任何减损整篇文章有效性的地方。
为一个Issue任务做准备
因为Issue认为是意味着评价说服性的写作技巧，你已经受过的所有的教育，它已经被设计既没有获得特殊的学习课程也没有一个特训训练的类型。
许多学院的教科书在作文上为说服性的写作提供建议，你可能发现它们有用，但是甚至这个建议可能被更科技化特殊化于你对Issue任务的需求。你将不期待知道特殊的批评性思考或者写作术语或策略；取而代之的是，你应该能够使用理由，证据和例子来支持你在一个问题上的立场。假设，例如，一个Issue任务要求你考虑政府提供资金支持对艺术博物馆是否重要。如果你的立场是政府应该投资艺术博物馆，那么你也许支持你的立场通过讨论理由，艺术很重要并解释博物馆是公众的地方，那里艺术对每一个人都开放。另一方面，如果你的立场是政府不应该支持博物馆，你可能指出，给予有限的政府资金，艺术博物馆没有其它社会机构值得得到政府的资金。或者，如果你喜欢政府对艺术博物馆的投资仅仅在确定的条件下，你可能关注艺术家的批评准则，文化关注或者政治条件，你应该决定如何或者是否艺术博物馆得到政府的资金。不是你的立场重要，而是展示发展你的立场，运用批评性思考的技能。
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2009-12-5 23:40:48
The third day --
倒装
1.有If引导的条件状语从句(包含有were, had, should 的从句)，把If省略，把上述动词放到主语前面去
e.g. Had we got there earlier, we would have caught the train.
2.让步状语从句 Try as I would, I couldn’t make her change her mind.
3.短语(特别是介词短语)移到句首时也可能引导倒装语序
Under no circumstances/In vain/not until/at no point/only in this way/So…that结构
动词的时态
1.系动词seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn
2.used to + do"过去常常"表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在
be used to + doing： 对……已感到习惯，或"习惯于"，to是介词，后需加名词或动名词
3.be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事，一般将来时。
4.现在完成时的句型
1）It is the first / second time…. that…
2）This is the… that… This is the best film that I've (ever) seen.
5.过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
连词
1.并列
and/ or ; both …and两者都; not only…but (also), as well as不但…而且
2.转折或对比
but表示转折,while表示对比
not…but… 意思为"不是 ……而是……"
3.比较so和 such
such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词
so + adj. /such + a(n) + n.
so + adj. + a(n) + n. /such + n. (pl.)
so + adj. + n. (pl.) /such +n. (pl.)
so + adj. + n. [不可数]/such +n. [不可数]
(这个so和such是我学了多年英语一直没记住的东西……呵呵~)
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2009-12-6 20:00:56
The forth day --
First, I want to highly recommend the Movie that I have just watched, Marry and Max. It is really great! I wrote down some words in the Movie.
"The reason I forgive you is because you are not perfect. You are imperfect, and so am I. All humans are imperfect, even the man outside my apartment who litters. When I was young, I wanted to be anybody but myself. Dr. Bernard Hazelhof said if I was on a desert island, then I would have to get used to my own company, just me and the coconuts. He said I would have to accept myself, my warts and all, and that we don't get to choose our warts. They are part of us and we have to live with them. We can, however, choose our friends. And I am glad I have chosen you. Dr. Bernard Hazelhof also said that everyone's lives are like a very long sidewalk. Some are well paved. Others, like mine, have cracks, banana skins and cigarette butts. Your sidewalk is like mine but probably not as many cracks. Hopefully, one day our sidewalks will meet and we can share a can of condensed milk."
Also, there is a song named Whatever Will Be Will Be. The lyrics said:
Que Sera, Sera,
Whatever will be, will be
The future's not ours, to see.
Now, I am going to do homework~
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2009-12-6 22:07:16
The forth day --
动词
1.系动词 本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语
be, keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, seem, appear, look, feel, smell, sound, taste, become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run, prove, turn out...
2.动词的语态
感官动词 "feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe, see, notice, watch"宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加"to"
3."据说"或"相信" 的词组
believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand
It is said that… 据说
It is reported that… 据报道
It is believed that…大家相信
It is hoped that…大家希望
It is well known that… 众所周知
It is thought that…大家认为
It is suggested that…据建议
It is taken granted that… 被视为当然
It has been decided that… 大家决定
It must be remember that…务必记住的是
4.不用被动语态
不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态:
appear, die, disappear, end (vi. 结束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand,
break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place
不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语:
fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to
5.主动形式表示被动意义
wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell, drive
e.g. The book sells well.
blame, let(出租), remain, keep, rent, build
e.g. I was to blame for the accident.
need, require, want, worth (形容词), deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式
e.g. This book is worth reading.
make sb. heard / understood (使别人能听见/理解自己)，have sth. done ( 要某人做某事)
6.被动形式表示主动意义
be determined, be pleased, be graduated (from), be finished, be prepared (for), be occupied (in), get marries
e.g. He is graduated from a famous university.
不定式
1.用作介词的to
admit to承认, confess to承认, be accustomed to 习惯于, be used to 习惯于, stick to 坚持, turn to开始，着手于, devote oneself to 献身于, be devoted to 致力于, look forward to 盼望, pay attention to 注意
2.so as to 否定式是so as not to do
e.g. Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job.
3.动名词与不定式
stop to do——stop doing
forget to do—— forget doing
remember to do——remember doing
regret to do—— regret doing
cease to do长时间,甚至永远停做某事—— cease doing 短时停止做某事，以后还会接着做
try to do——try doing
go on to do—— go on doing
afraid to do—— afraid doing
interested to do——interested doing
mean to do—— mean doing
begin/ start to do—— begin/ start doing
动名词
worth 的用法
be worth + n.值得 be worth doing sth.某事值得被做
e.g. The question is not worth discussing again and again.
be worthy of +n. 值得 be worthy to be done "某事值得被做"
be worth-while to do sth "值得做某事"
独立主格
e.g. Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
With的复合结构作独立主格
with +名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语
e.g. He stood there, with his hand raise.
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2009-12-6 23:46:30
The forth day -- part of translation of awintro
一个优秀的方法去准备Issue任务是联系写作在一些公众的话题上。没有最好的方法，一些人倾向于开始练习不考虑45分钟的限制；其它人喜欢做一个计时的测试然后再在时间限制内练习。不论采用哪种方法，你应该看任务指导仔细读题目中的声称确定你理解涉及到的问题；如果它看起来不明朗，跟老师或者朋友讨论一下
考虑这个问题用你自己的观点和经历，你读过的事件和观察到的，你知道的人；这是你在辩论中将开展说服性说理和举例的知识基础，强制，否认，使声称有资格
决定你想采取什么立场在这个问题上，记住你可以自由完全同意或完全不同意或者同意部分或者同意一些但是不同意其它的决定你将使用什么说服性的证据（理由和例子）来支持你的观点
记住这是一个批评性思考和说服性写作的任务。因此，你可能发现它有帮助来探索一个声称的复杂性在其中一个话题上，通过问自己下面问题：
什么，精确地，是中心问题？
我全同意或者部分同意这个声称？为什么或者为什么不？
这个什么有没有确定的假设？如果有，是否合理？
这个声称是否在某些特定条件下才有根据？如果有，是啥？
我需要解释我怎么翻译声称中的特定的术语或概念吗？
如果我确定了一个立场在这个问题上，我支持的理由是什么？
什么例子-或者真实的或者假设的，能让我用来阐述那些原因和支持我的观点？什么例子最有说服力？
一旦你决定了你的立场去辩证，考虑其他的观点，可能不同意你的观点，问你自己：
什么理由可能其他人用来拒绝或者破坏你的观点？
我怎么承认或者辩护那些观点在我的文章中？
来解释你的反应，你可能想总结你的立场和做简短的笔记关于你怎么支持你将站的立场。当你做完这个，看看你的笔记，决定你怎么组织你的回复。然后写下一个回复，发展你的立场在这个问题上。计时你没有写一个完全的回复，你应该发现它对练习一些Issue话题和概括你可能的回复有帮助。在你练习了一些话题后，试着写一些回复针对一些话题在45分钟时间限制内，以至于你有一个好的主意如何使用你的时间在真实的考试中。
得到一些关于你的回复的反馈可能是有帮助的，从教批评性思考或者写作或者商业论文的指导者那里，在同样的问题上和其他同学讨论另外一个回复关系分数指导。试着决定每个论文如何迎合或错过了评分准则。比较你自己的回复根据评分准则将帮助你看到如何和哪里你可能需要改进。
决定选择哪个话题
记住通常考试将包含2个话题，你必须从中选择一个，因为45分钟计时开始在你看到2个话题的时候，你不应该花费过多的时间来决定。反而，试着相当快地选择问题，这样你会感觉更好地准备讨论。
在做决定之前，仔细读每一个话题 。然后决定哪个话题你可能能更有效地发展或者更有理由的论证。在决定的时候，你可能问自己：
哪个话题我更感兴趣或者更喜欢？
哪个话题与我自己的学术研究或者其它经历更有关系？
哪个话题我能更清楚的解释和辩护我的观点？
哪个话题我能更准确地思考强有力的理由和例子来支持我的观点？
你对这些问题的回答帮助你做决定。
你回答的格式
你可以自由组织和发展你的回复以任何你认为有效地交流你的观点的方式关于这个问题。你的回复可能，但是不必须，与在英文作文或者写作课上的写作策略不是特别一致。GRE读者将不寻求一个特别的发展策略或者写作模式；事实上，当GRE读者被训练的时候，他们看了成百的Issue回应，尽管在内容上和格式上高度地不一样，展现了相似的批评性思考和说服性写作的等级。读者将看，例如，一些Issue6分的回应，开始简单地总结作者在这个观点上的立场通过做一个预测，然后问一系列的问题，描述一个剧情，或者定义一个术语。读者知道一个作者可以得到一个高分通过给出多种多样的例子或者表达一个简单的，有深度的例子。看这些例子，特别是5分或者6分的等级，看其它作者如何成功地发展和组织他们的辩论。
你应该用尽可能多的或者尽可能少的段落，只要你考虑对你的辩论合适--例如，你将可能需要创造一个新的段落无论你的讨论怎么转变到一个新的一连串的观点。重要的不是例子的数量，不是段落数，也不是你采取的形式，而是关于这个问题你的观点的说服力和你对学术读者表达那些观点的清晰和技能。
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2009-12-7 23:27:51
本帖最后由 jinziqi 于 2009-12-9 19:30 编辑
The fifth day -- Translation
样例Issue话题
在我们的时代，各种专才被高估。我们需要更多的通才--那些提供宽广观点的人。
这个话题的策略
这个声称引起了一个相关的问题：一个通才或者一个专才意味着什么？他们对社会具有什么价值？社会真的需要更多的通才们，还是专才，事实上，真的被高估？
有一些基本的观点你可以采取在这个问题上：是的，社会需要更多的通才，对专才过高地看重。不是，反面是真的。或则它取决于多种因素。或者，两类人在今天都很重要；既没有被高度评价。你的分析可能从一个特殊的社会或国家举例，从一个或者社会更多的区域，或者从多种不同的情况。它可能集中在通才所扮演的角色和专才与交流，交通，政治，信息，或者科技的关系。任何这些方法都是有效的，只要你用相关的理由和例子来支持你的观点。
在你决定一个立场之前，用几分钟重读这个声称。分析它，考虑问题例如这些：专才和通才的主要区别是什么？强有力的方面是什么？这些区别在多种职业或者情况下是否总有？有没有一些专才，例如，也能有宽广的知识面和通常的能力来工作好？通才和专才在他们的领域的职能是什么？你认为社会在通才和专才上采取什么价值？专才是否在某些情况下高度评价，或者在其他方面？社会需要更多的通才吗？如果是，他们应该怎么服务？
现在，你可以总结你的思路分为2组：
理由和例子来支持声称
理由和例子来支持相反的观点
如果你发现一个观点清晰地比另一个更有说服力，考虑发展辩论的角度。好像你建立你的辩论，记着另一个观点，你可以来反驳。
如果两类人都有说服性的观点，考虑发展一个立场来支持，不是陈述声称，但是一个更局限或者更复杂的声称。然后你可以用理由和例子从两个方面来证明你的立场。
Essay回复和读者评论
6分例子
在这个社会快速发展的时代，和科技改变导致生活的复杂性和心理的混乱，在西方社会人之间积极的和消极的影响需要一个平衡，即既有专才，又有通才。
专才是必要的为了允许社会作为一个整体适当地有用地吸收大量的新的信息和知识，来自研究和被广泛散步通过全球的媒体。正如我在大学时的药剂老师说的，我只能研究我做的，因为有很多在我之前可以寻求基本知识的人。仅仅因为每个窄地关注个体在每一步，以至于一个全部的真实的关于生活复杂性的理解可以被掌握。每个人可以仅仅有足够的知识来添加一个小的梯子横档到梯子上，但是加起来我们可以一起爬到月亮上。这个阐述了我们的社会知识等级和科技是在一个阶级上，简单地必须有专才，为了我们的社会发挥更多的对我们有用的信息优势。
简单说，没有专才，我们的社会发现它被难住了，陷在了信息超负荷的海藻理。尽管尽早地物理学家去学习和理解那个时代的一些法律和观点，现在，没有一个个体可以可能地消化和吸收所有的知识对于任何给定的领域。
另一方面，过多的专才以为着狭隘地集中在那些会失去更大的图片的人们。没有人可以希望去理解人类通过仅仅观察一个人自己的脚趾甲。我们从窄窄的关注里学到的可能是内在地逻辑地看法但是也许是不相关的或者有逻辑谬误的当放到一个宽广的观点的框架内时。而且，如果我们仅仅观察我们的脚趾甲，我们可能得出结论是整个身体是硬的和白色的。有用的结论因此也许有用的发明必须通过来自专才。简单地不考虑多种多样的发现意味着我们有一堆没用的发现，它仅仅当一个人可以将它们做成马赛克的时候我们才能看见他们也许是来自一个图片。
不仅仅也许过多的专才是危险的就真相，纯度和知识的凝聚力而言，而且它也可以服务于drown道德或者全球的问题。通才和仅仅专才可以看见一个宽广足够的照片去意识到和给这个世界介绍环境问题。随着专才，每个人关注在他们的研究和目标上。因此，工业化，膨胀和新科技是被驱使的。与此同时，没有个体看见全部的关于全球的存在的观点，那里真正的推动可能意味着抑制个体专才对于更大的好处。
最后，过多的专才在一个人的日常生活和工作中意味着个人的和心理上的分隔。人们被迫于pigeon holes早期（至少被大学）必须试图去花费外部的刺激的形式和信息为了不迷失在他们小小的孤立的宇宙里。不仅仅这个使得狭窄地关于和大体上没有好好教育的个体，而且它关乎一种损失社区的感觉，经常跟随着一种精神上的感觉错乱和个体的不满足。
没有通才，社会变得对他人不感兴趣和最终无能的。没有一个社会可以意识到宽广的意见的重要性，对于共享通才，个体变得孤立。因此，尽管我们社会的形式必须要专才，通才也同等得重要。专才使我们前进在一系列要点上然后通才确定我们仍然在争论的领域和知道赌注是什么。
读者的评价
这是一篇杰出的问题分析-有洞察力，好的理由，高度有效的在它使用的语言上。这个介绍性的段落宣布了作者在这个问题上的观点，提供了上下文作者将如何发展它的观点：“In this era of rapid social and technological change
leading to increasing life complexity and psychological displacement . . .”
这个辩论有2个部分。第一个部分表述一个强有力的事情关于专才，主要是在药学领域。第二个部分表达一个同等地令人信服的，组织好的事情反对过度的专才基于3个主要的理由：
逻辑的（狭隘地被训练的专才经常不能意识到全部）
道德的（通常专才理解对于更好的需要什么）
个人的（专才/文件架上的小间隔太早会被精神地损坏）
这篇辩论小心的理由的思路更强调了技巧的使用关于专家证明（引用一个著名的药学研究者的话）和生动的暗喻（仅仅观察一个人的脚趾头和忽略整个身体）
它不仅仅是理由区分这个回复。语言精确和经常比喻的("bogged down in a Sargasso sea of information overload," "a pile of useless discoveries," and "specialists drive us forward in a series of thrusts, while generalists make sure we are still on the jousting field").这个读者被连续地引导通过这个辩论通过过渡的短语和观点帮助组织观点和推动辩论。这是一篇优秀的好的对这个问题的回复。
I did a great deal of my own homework before I did this so I did not translate too much but I really find it helpful to provide me how to consider a claim and which position to take. I'll go on...
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2009-12-8 23:34:43
The sixth day -- CASK EFFECT
I just read the PART III-CET4 first then I found my reading speed eagerly needs to be improved. I try to read fast at the second time but I only get the score of 3. So I decide to read others tomorrow morning under a clear condition to see whether I could do better~
--SU&SY SO
Active and Passive Voice
Active voice: the subject of the sentence performs the action expressed in the verb
Passive voice: the subject is acted upon. "by the..."
Generally Avoid Passive Voice. In scientific writing, however, passive voice is more readily accepted.
Further Suggestions for Using Passive and Active Voices
1. Avoid starting a sentence in active voice and then shifting to passive.
2. Avoid dangling modifiers caused by the use of passive voice. A dangling modifier is a word or phrase that modifies a word not clearly stated in the sentence.
The Apostrophe
The apostrophe has three uses:
1.to form possessives of nouns
2.to show the omission of letters
3.to indicate certain plurals of lowercase letters
Strategies to proofread for apostrophes:
·If you tend to leave out apostrophes, check every word that ends in -s or -es to see if it needs an apostrophe.
·If you put in too many apostrophes, check every apostrophe to see if you can justify it with a rule for using apostrophes.
Hyphens
1.Use a hyphen to join two or more words serving as a single adjective before a noun
2.Use a hyphen with compound numbers
3.Use a hyphen to avoid confusion or an awkward combination of letters
Commas
1. Use commas to separate independent clauses when they are joined by any of these seven coordinating conjunctions: and, but, for, or, nor, so, yet.
2. Use commas after introductory a) clauses, b) phrases, or c) words that come before the main clause.
3. Use a comma near the end of a sentence to separate contrasted coordinate elements or to indicate a distinct pause or shift.
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2009-12-9 12:54:50
The seventh day -- CASK EFFECT
First, I used almost 3 minutes to finish the CET6 reading which make me realized that I really need to read more to improve my reading speed and cultivate my skill of skim reading. After that, I did GRE reading, but I am really confused why I think I have already understood the article but the answer I chose is wrong... Finally, I read the SCIENCE and GODFATHER, I think I could understand the former while the other is really difficult. But I think I should watch that movie some time. :)~
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2009-12-9 20:49:36
The seventh day -- awintro
分析一个Argument任务
理解Argument任务
分析一个辩论任务评价你理解，分析，评估辩论的能力和清晰地表达你的分析在写作上。这个任务包括一个简短的文章，那里作者陈述了一个事情对于一些行动的结果或者是事情的解释通过表述声称背后的原因和证据。你的任务是讨论逻辑的声音关于作者的事例通过批评地检查逻辑线和证据的使用。这个任务需要你仔细地阅读辩论。你可能想多读几遍，可能做一个简短的笔记关于你想发展深入的观点。在读辩论的时候，你应该特别的关注：
什么是作为证据，支持或者证明被提供的
什么是清晰的陈述的，声称的或者是总结的
什么是假设的或者假定的，也许没有证明和证据
什么没有被陈述，但从被陈述的是必须有的
另外，你应该考虑辩论的结构-那些方法这些元素被链接到一起形成一个逻辑链；就是说，你应该意识到分开的，有时含蓄的一步步地思考的过程，考虑是否推动从每一个到下一个逻辑健全地。在跟踪逻辑链的时候，找过渡词汇和短语，那些暗示作者在试图做一个逻辑的链接。（例如however, thus, therefore, evidently, hence, in conclusion）
一个重要的部分，关于辩论任务表现好的是记住你不是被问去做什么。你不是被问去讨论是否这个陈述在这篇辩论里是真的还是精确的；反而，你是被问是否结论和推断是有根据的，根据这个陈述。你不是被问去同意或者不同意陈述的立场；反而，你是被问去评论这个想法，那个陈述的观点。你不是被问去表达你自己的观点在这个被讨论的问题上（像你在Issue任务上似的）；反而，你是被问去评价逻辑的健全关于这个辩论，做这些，证明批评性的思考，观点的阅读，和分析的写作技巧，那些事大学教师重点考虑的，对于研究院校的成功。
分析一个辩论是主要地一个批评的思维任务需要一个写作的回复。结果，分析技巧展现在你的批评文章和重要衡量你的分数。
理解写作的上下文：目的和指导
这个任务的目的是看你装备了多好的洞察地分析一个辩论写作通过一些其他人和有效地交流你的批评文章在写作上对于一个学术的指导。你的关注包括学院和大学的教师，那些被训练为GRE读者，应用到评分准则，辨认为评分指导对于“分析一个辩论”任务。
为了得到一个清晰的观点关于GRE读者如何应用辩论评分准则对于一篇真实的随笔，你应该看评分样例辩论随笔回复和读者的评论。样例，特别是5分和6分的，将展现你一个多样的成功的策略对于组织和发展一个有洞察力的批评文章。你将看到许多例子关于特别的有效的语言的使用。读者的评论讨论特别的方面关于分析的写作，比如中肯的观点，发展和支持，组织，句法的多样性，语言的使用。这些评论将支出方面那些特别有效和有洞察力的还有任何那些与全部的有效的回复分离的部分。
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2009-12-9 20:59:23
The seventh day -- awintro读后感
虽然还没有看完，但基本已经大致了解了Issue和Argument官方的要求。感觉真的要是早些看到就好了，但现在仅仅知道了how to prepare and write是远远不够的，更重要的是在今后的实战中put it into practice.不过在翻译6分的例子的时候，我感觉对我来说有些难明白它的逻辑，虽然词汇不是太难，有些浅显的例子我也能明白，但总的框架以及深入步步递进的思路还不太明白。继续翻译，继续阅读!!!
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2009-12-10 18:55:01
The eighth day -- translation
为一个Argument任务做准备
因为Argument任务是意味着接近分析的写作和不正式的理由技能，你发展贯穿你的教育，它被设计就好像不需要任何特殊的学习课程或者优势的有一个特殊的训练。许多大学课本是修辞学的，作文关于非正式的逻辑和批评性的思考有区域。你不将被期待知道分析和科技术语的方法。例如，在一个话题一个小学校长可能总结说新的操场设施提高了学生的出席率因为缺席率下降自从它被安装。你将不需要看见校长任命post hoc和ergo propter hoc谬误；你将简单地需要看见没有其他可能的例子对于提高的出席率，提供一些共同感的例子，也许暗示什么将是必要的对于证明这个结论。例如，出席率可能减少因为天气温和。这可能是被排除的根据校长的总结是有根据的。
尽管你不需要知道特殊的分析科技和术语，你应该熟悉Argument任务的方向和确定的关键的概念，包括下面这些：
代替其他的解释--一个可能的竞争版本关于什么可能被引起这个事件在这个问题上；一个可能的解释undercuts或者量化原来的解释因为它可能是事实的原因
分析--打破一些东西变成零件部分的过程，为了理解他们怎么一起工作组成全部；例如一个演讲，通常在写作上，作为过程的结论。
辩论--一个声称或者一系列的声称有理由和证据提供为证据；一个逻辑链意味着证明真理或者谬误
假设--一个信仰，经常没有被陈述或者被检查的，有些人必须掌握为了维持一个特殊的立场；一些东西被拿走但是必须是真的根据总结是真的
总结--最后一点通过逻辑链，有根据的如果理由是有说服力的；结果断言
counterexample--一个例子，真实的或者是假设的，拒绝或者不同意一个陈述在这个argument里。
一个优秀的方法去准备分析辩论的任务是练习写作在一些出版的辩论话题上。没有别的方法比这个更好了。一些倾向于开始练习没有30分钟的限制。如果你跟着这个方法，掌管好你所有的时间你需要分析argument。不管你用什么方法，你应该
仔细地读argument--你可能想读它不止一次
辨认尽可能多的声称，总结，假设
想尽可能多的替换的解释和counterexample
想任何附加的证据可能削弱或者歪曲的支持对这个声称来说
问你自己这个argument中改变什么可能做出更强有力的理由
写下每个这些想法作为一个简短的笔记。当你已经离分析越来越远的时候，回过来看笔记，把他们组织成一个号的顺序来讨论（也许可以标上数字）。然后写一个批评性文章，通过完全发展每个观点。即使你选择不写一个完整的随笔，你应该发现它非常有帮助来联系分析一些辩论和概括出你的回复。当你变得越来越快和更自信，你应该练习写作一些辩论回复在30分钟内，这样你将指导怎么掌握时间在一个真实的考试中。例如，你将不会为了想讨论一个观点如此的疲惫或者提供足够多的同等的例子导致你用光了时间来做你另一个主要的原因。
你可能想得到反馈关于你的回复从一个写作的指导者，一个哲学老师，或者什么人谁强调批评性思维在他或她的课程上。它也可以非常不正式的交易论文在一个相同的问题上跟几个同学或者讨论另一个回复就打分而言。不要都集中在给正确的份上，而是看论文怎么遇到或错过表演等级对于每一个给分点，然后你因此需要做什么为了提高。
What a busy day! I got a quantity of assignment because the final exams are around the corner... Now I am going to the classroom to finish them and I will back nearly 12 o' clock. In order to finish this at the same time, so I spent an hour writing it first.
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2009-12-11 22:58:07
本帖最后由 jinziqi 于 2009-12-12 15:28 编辑
The ninth day -- translation
怎么翻译数字，百分比，和统计在Argument话题中
一些辩论包括数字，百分比，或者统计学，被提供为证据来支持辩论的结论。例如，一个辩论可能声称，一个确定的社区事件变得不那么流行相对去年来说因为今年只有100个人参加了而去年有150个人，一个百分之33的下降在出席率上。记住你没有被问去做一个数学的任务关于这些数字，百分比和统计学。相反，你应该评估这些作为证据，那些意图证明这个结论。在上述例子中，结论是一个社区事件变得不那么流行。你应该问你自己：是否100人和150人之间的差距能支持这个结论？记下它，在这个事件中，有其它可能得解释；例如，天气可能比去年糟糕，今年的事件可能被举行在一个不合适的时间，这个事件的费用可能有所上涨，或者可能有一个其它的流行的事件同时举办。每个都可以解释这个出席率的差距，因此可以说明结论站不住脚。相似地，百分比可能支持或者削弱一个结论依靠真实的数字百分比代表的。考虑这个声称，鼓俱乐部在一个学校值得更多的资金因为他的会员被增加了100%。这个100%的增加可能很重要如果那原来有100个会员，现在有200个会员，然而这个增加可能不重要如果原来有5个会员，现在有10个。记住任何数字，百分比，或者统计在辩论的话题中被用来仅仅作为证据来支持一个结论，你应该总是考虑他们是否真的支持这个结论。
你回复的形式
你可以自由组织和发展你的批评性文章以任何方式你认为有效地交流你的分析关于这个辩论。你的回复可能，但是不必须，不符合特别的写作策略在英语写作课或者写作强度学院课程上学到的那样。GRE读者将寻找一个特别的发展策略或者写作的模式。事实上，当被训练为GRE读者的教师，他们看成百上千的文章，尽管在内容和形式上高度不同，展现相似的批评思维和分析写作的等级。读者将看，例如，一些文章在6分档，开始通过一个简短地总结辩论然后详述，发展主要的批评性文章的观点。读者知道一个作者可能得一个高分通过分析和发展一些观点在一个批评性文章中或者辨认一个中心的错误在一个辩论中，深度发展。你可能想看一些例子，特别是5分和6分的，看看其他作者是怎么成功发展和组织他们的文章的。
你应该做选择关于格式和组织，你认为支持和增加整个文章的有效性。这意味着使用尽可能多的或者尽可能少的段落，作为你考虑适合的批评性文章。例如，创造一个新的段落当你的讨论转变到了一个新的分析观点。你可能想组织你的批评性文章关于辩论自己的组织，讨论这个辩论一条一条地。或者你可能想首先指出一个中心的质疑的假设，然后移动讨论有关的错误在逻辑链中。相似地，你可能想用一些例子如果他们帮助你阐述一个重要的观点在你的文章中或者推动你的讨论（记住，然而，就你的能力而言，来表现Argument任务有效地，它是你的批评性思维和分析的写作，不是你想出例子的能力，被评估的）。重要的不是你回复采用的形式，而是你怎么具有洞察力地分析辩论，和你怎么精确地表达你的分析对一个学术的读者在你的上下文中。
样例
医院统计人们滑旱冰出事故以后去急诊室暗示需要更多的保护设备。在这些人中，75的人在街上或者停车场出事故，没有带任何保护设施（头盔，护膝等等）或者任何反光材料。清晰地，这些数据指出通过调查一个高度保护的齿轮和反射的装置，滑旱冰的人将大大地减少他们严重受伤的风险。
这个话题的策略
这个话题引用一个特别的医院的统计来支持通常的结论--调查高质量保护的齿轮和反光镜设备可以减少受伤的风险在滑旱冰中。
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2009-12-12 15:30:55
The tenth day -- something I wrote about the movie Mary and Max
Maybe I was Mary. One day, when I watched at the mirror, I found that I look like Mary, especially that hairpin and the hairstyle. Our feeling is the same some time, even the hobbies, psychology. But, fortunately, I don't feel alone. I can talk with lots of friends in a variety of topics, whatever I like. Under the complicated circumstance, soul mate is really hard to find one.
I don't know why a Chinese poem is translated into 'nostalgia is a disease'. When we meet someone, we can't find anything wrong, we can talk, although only in some easy thing. However, when you two get along after a period, how can you keep the same feeling just like the beginning? During the time, you may found that he or she has some faults in doing something that may hurt you, you may discover that he or she has some bad habits that you could not stand, or you may even realize that he or she is not totally that guy you have ever thought. Disappointed, depressed, and despondent. Or maybe, even though you found that he or she is the right one who you are looking for a long time, which is really wonderful, how could you ensure that you will not find his or hers warts and all after several years and how could you accept those one hundred percentage?
It is Mary and Max that told us that the reason we should forgive that guy is because he or she is not perfect. You are imperfect, either. All humans are imperfect, even those beggars on the streets and an overpass.
So, I forgive you although it really takes some time to put them down.
PS Hopefully, one day our sidewalks will meet.
PPS I really like the movie although a lot of friends don't.
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2009-12-12 18:19:23
The tenth day -- translation
在发展你的分析的时候，你应该问你自己是否医院的数据真的能支持结论。你可能想问自己这样的问题：
滑旱冰的多少百分比去了急诊室在滑旱冰事故以后？
那些滑旱冰出事以后的人去了急诊室的是否代表了滑旱冰的人？
有没有人滑旱冰受伤以后没有去急诊室？
滑旱冰的人去了急诊室的是不是严重受伤的？
25%的滑旱冰的人带了保护装备受伤是否跟75%没有带保护装备的人一样严重？
街道和停车场是否比其它地方更危险？
中等质量的装备是否会和高质量的装备一样有效在减少受伤危险方面在滑旱冰的时候？
有没有其它因素例如天气条件，可见度，技能，与滑旱冰受伤的风险更有关系？
考虑可能的答案关于这些问题将帮助你辨别假设，相对的解释，和缺点，你可以发展你的批评性文章。
6分样例
保护装备可以减少受伤的观点第一眼看起来好像是一个明显的结论。毕竟，它是专注的这些产品来阻止事故发生或者减少穿戴者受伤。然而，这个结论调查高质量的保护措施大幅减少受伤的风险可能掩盖了其它的受伤原因和可能激励人们去调查经济地和物理地在保护设备上。
首先，如辩论中提到的，有两种不同的设备-阻止的设备（如光反射材料）和保护的设备（如头盔）。阻止的设备是为了警告其它人，很可能对于大多数开车的人，滑旱冰的人的存在。它起作用仅仅当其他人是具有责任感的，关心那些将承担滑冰者必要的空间和关注的个体。保护的设备是为了减少任何事故的效果，无论是被一个其它的因素引起的，滑冰者或者一些自然的力量。保护的设备起着很小的，作用来阻止事故发生但是是被假定减少在事故中的伤害的。受伤的数据可能是更有意思的如果滑冰者是一组组的分为没有带任何设备，那些仅带保护设备的人，那些仅带阻止设备的人和那些都穿了的人。这些数据可能提供滑冰者一个更清晰的理解关于什么样的设备更有效。
上述辩论被削弱通过事实它没有考虑相关的差别在穿了保护装备的人和没有穿的人之间。如果是至少可能那些穿了保护措施的人可能通常更有责任或者更有安全意识。那些穿了保护设备的人可能更不可能去引起事故通过粗心或者危险的行为。它可能，事实上，是自然的原因和责任感使他们远离急诊室比那些设备自己来说。而且，上述数据是基于全部的那些在街上和停车场上滑冰的人，那里相对危险。人们通常更具有安全意识（因此倾向于带装备）可能选择滑冰在一个更安全的地方如公园或者后院。
这个数据也没有说出受伤的严重性的差别。结论是安全的设备阻止严重的受伤暗示了它被假定人们到急诊室仅仅是严重的受伤。这当然不是。而且，给的滑冰是一个娱乐活动可能主要地涉及晚上和周末（当医生办公室关门的时候），滑冰的人受了轻伤的可能特别地喜欢急诊室治疗。
最后，绝对没有证据提供高质量的保护设备是更有效的比其他设备来说。例如，一个简单的白色的衬衫可能提供同样的保护效果像一个更高质量的，更贵的，衬衫被设计仅仅为了滑冰。在滑冰者被鼓足勇气去调查设备，一个更完全的理解关于好处，由个体提供的，不同种类的设备更有效。
这个辩论关于安全的设备基于急诊室数据可以提供重要的信息和潜在地拯救生命。在结论之前关于数量和调查的种类，那些应该被设备能达到的，然后，一个更完整的理解关于需要什么样的好处。毕竟，一个错误的自信在有效的设备可以仅仅像没有任何设备一样危险。
6分的评论
这个杰出的回复证明了作者的洞察力和分析的能力。介绍，记录了采用话题的谬误回复可以“. . inspire people to over invest financially and psychologically in protective gear”然后，一个完全理解的检查，关于每一个辩论的根错误。明确地，作者暴露了不同的点，暗中破坏了这个辩论：
阻止的和保护的措施不一样
滑冰者带了设备可能更不倾向于发生事故因为他们，本性地，更有责任感和更小心
数据没有阐述受伤的严重性的差距
设备可能不需要是一个高质量的来获益
这个讨论平滑地逻辑地组织，每一个观点彻底地连贯地发展。另外，这个写作节俭，经济，大概没有错误。句子多是多样且复杂，词语是准确和精确的。
总之，这个回复是六分的典范，像分数指导描述的一样。如果作者不这么有雄辩，或者提供少于这样的理由来拒绝辩论，论文也可能得到6分。
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2009-12-13 22:09:04
The eleventh day -- Fundamental Course of Writing
Thesis
A thesis statement declares what you believe and what you intend to prove. The thesis statement is typically located at the end of your opening paragraph. An argumentative thesis statement will tell your audience:
your claim or assertion
the reasons/evidence that support this claim
the order in which you will be presenting your reasons and evidence
Questions to ask yourself when writing an argumentative thesis statement:
What is my claim or assertion?
What are the reasons I have to support my claim or assertion?
In what order should I present my reasons?
主题句的dos and dos not
Dos:表明立场，具体，并且中心明确，表明自己的观点和结论，出现在开头段的末尾，同时提示读者作者的行文思路
Dos not:不要说废话，说空话，说大话，不要出现第一人称，不要含糊不清
Specific topic + Attitude/Angle/Argument = Thesis
What you plan to argue + How you plan to argue it = Thesis
Thesis Brainstorming
As you read look for:
Interesting contrasts or comparisons or patterns emerging in the information
Is there something about the topic that surprises you?
Do you encounter ideas that make you wonder why?
Does something an "expert" says make you respond, "no way! That can be right!" or "Yes, absolutely. I agree!"
Topic Sentences and Signposting
Topic sentences reveal the main point of a paragraph. Signposts, as their name suggests, prepare the reader for a change in the argument's direction.
Forms of Topic Sentences
1. Complex sentences. Topic sentences at the beginning of a paragraph frequently combine with a transition from the previous paragraph.
2. Questions. Questions are by definition a form of inquiry, and thus demand an answer. Good essays strive for this forward momentum.
3. Bridge sentences. Bridge sentences indicate both what came before and what comes next (they "bridge" paragraphs) without the formal trappings of multiple clauses: "But there is a clue to this puzzle."
4. Pivots.
Paragraph
An informative paragraph should tell your readers all they need to know about a single idea, in a logical sequence, without wasting their time with irrelevant detail.
How to write a paragraph
1. use orienting words and phrases
of course / as you know / until now /obviously /normally /previously /everyone is familiar with /remember that
2. let the new amplify the old
3. add explanatory words and phrases
In general, it's a good idea to put in more explanations than you think you need, because your writing is often read by people outside your expected audience.
How to connect sentences
1. connective words that describe relationships
also/ however/ although/ incidentally/ therefore/ besides/ likewise/ thus/ meanwhile/ moreover/ usually/ furthermore/ next/ whatever/ generally/ yet/ accordingly/ nevertheless/ instead/ in contrast/ for example
2. connective words that give a sense of time
first/ secondly/ finally/ now/ once/ when/ ultimately/ eventually/ lastly/ later/ meanwhile/ previously/ then/ soon/ formerly/ sometimes
3. others
to begin with/ on the other hand/ in brief/ in general/ in summary/ more specifically/ instead of/ in addition to/ in other words/ another way to/ for the same reason/ no matter what/ such a/ that's what/ in fact/ what's more/ in the same way/ on the contrary/ conversely/ as a result/ summing up/ if so
4. pronominal adjectives
this/ that/ these/ which/ their/ his/ its/ her
5. useful intensives
especially/ as much as/ even if/ increasingly/ by far/ so...that/ more importantly/ highly/ only/ particularly/ in fact/ very/ significantly/ quite/ such/ most/ unique/ at all/ above all/ indeed/ in any case
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2009-12-14 19:37:32
The twelfth day -- Fundamental Course of Writing
Conciseness
1. Concise words: definitely/ actually/ generally/ individual/ specific/ particular
2. Change phrases into single words
3. Change unnecessary that, who, and which clauses into phrases
4. Avoid overusing expletives at the beginning of sentences
5. Use active rather than passive verbs
6. Avoid overusing noun forms of verbs
7. Reword unnecessary infinitive phrases
8. Replace circumlocutions with direct expressions
9. Omit words that explain the obvious or provide excessive detail
10. Omit repetitive wording
Proofreading for Commas
Compound Sentence Commas
and, nor, but, so, for, or, and yet.
Disruptive Commas
1. Skim your paper, stopping only at the coordinating conjunctions: and, or, nor, but, so, for, or, and yet.
2. Check to see whether there is an independent clause (sentence) on both sides of the conjunction. If so, place a comma before the conjunction. If not, do not place a comma before the conjunction.
Series Commas
1. Skim your paper, stopping at the conjunctions.
2. Check to see if these conjunctions link words, phrases, or clauses written in a series.
3. If so, place commas after each word, phrase, or clause in the series.
I need to rush to classroom to prepare for the final exams...
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2009-12-15 20:58:15
本帖最后由 jinziqi 于 2009-12-15 21:24 编辑
The Thirteenth day -- Fundamental Course of Writing
Metaphors
Definition: A comparison between two things, based on resemblance or similarity, without using "like" or "as"
1. as verbs
The news that ignited his face snuffed out her smile.
2. as adjectives and adverbs
Her carnivorous pencil carved up Susan's devotion.
3. as prepositional phrases
The doctor inspected the rash with a vulture's eye.
4. as appositives or modifiers
On the sidewalk was yesterday's paper, an ink-stained sponge.
I will try to use these ways to enliven my article~ ho~
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2009-12-15 21:36:27
The Thirteenth day -- Argument 143 revised
In this argument, the arguer found that the article which said that many competent workers lost jobs due to downsizing is contradicted with a recent report on the United States economy. The report demonstrates many jobs have been created and lots of people have found new employment. Also, most new jobs are full- time and giving above-average wages than others. However, this argument suffers from several critical fallacies.
First of all, the arguer makes the conclusion only based on a report which has no data and proof. It is said that since 1992 far more jobs have been created than have been eliminated, but the argument does not give the specific numbers. It may be possible that there were only 10 different kinds of jobs and now it has been expanded to 100, whereas the increase would be much less significant if there had been 5 kinds of jobs and now there are only 20. It also did not investigate the increasing rate of the population in the United States, which may mean that there is a larger desire of hunting for a job.
Second, the report on the United States economy says that the majority of people found new employment, but the arguer did not provide any statistic about how long they found the new job. People who found new employment may not be those who lost jobs as a result of downsizing. They may be the new graduates from universities, or those whose family needs help so that the government provides a position for them. Even if those who lost their jobs really got a new job in a short time, they may not like that job at all, just for making living. So, it is possible that it takes years to find a suitable employment.
While all possibilities listed above will not happen, just like the speaker thought, it still lacks evidence to prove that the article is misleading. Although two-thirds of the newly created jobs have been in industries that tend to pay above-average wages, not everyone could get the job. The arguer did not prove that those who lost jobs have the ability to obtain the opportunity to work in such a condition. The argument should make a survey that what kinds of people are enjoying the above-average wages about the two-thirds of the jobs.
In conclusion, the arguer fails to weaken the article by pointing out the report. To strengthen the argument, the arguer would have to provide more evidence that those newly created jobs actually give those people who lost jobs chances to make money and the amount is enough to ensure all the people could have been employed. To better evaluate the argument, we would need more information about what kind of people are getting the above-average wages and how long did those people find a new career. In addition, the arguer could do a social survey about the rate of downsizing to see whether the new created job could meet the desire of people or not.
I'm not sure about the last paragraph, is it too long?
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2009-12-16 18:47:31
The fourteenth day -- awintro
GRE分数指导：表达你的观点关于一个问题
6分
一个六分的论文代表了一个有说服力的，表达清楚的复杂性的分析关于一个问题，有技巧地表达意思。
一个典型的论文有这个策略
表达一个有洞察力的观点在这个问题上
发展观点用有说服力的理由和有说服力的例子
维持一个好的观点，组织好的分析，逻辑地连接观点
流利地和准确地表达观点，用有效的词汇和句子的多样化
表达熟悉的对话（如，语法，用法，和机器）标准的写作的英语，但是可能有些小错误
5分
一个五分的论文表达了一个通常地洞察力，发展地好的复杂的问题，传递意思清晰
一个典型的论文有这个策略
表达一个考虑好的观点在这个问题上
发展观点逻辑地有说服力的理由和选择的好的例子
关注与，通常组织好的，恰当地连接观点
表达观点清晰地，用合适的词语和多种句式
熟练的证明用传统的标准写作英语，可以有些小错误
4分
一个4分论文表达一个足够的分析关于这个问题，表达足够地意思
一个典型的论文有这个策略
表达一个清晰的观点关于这个问题
发展这个观点在这个问题上用一个相关的理由和例子
足够地关注和组织好
表达观点用合理的清晰
通常地表达用传统的标准写作英语，可以有些错误
3分
一个3分的论文证明一些足够在分析问题中，表达意思但是明显地有错误
一个典型的论文在这个策略中展现了一个或者更多的下列特性
模糊的或者被限制的表达或发展一个观点在一个问题上
在用相关的理由和例子上有些证明不足
没有集中或者没有组织好
有语言的问题和句子结构的问题导致缺乏清晰
包括偶然的主要的错误或者频繁的错误在语法上，用法，可能干涉意思
2分
一个2分的论文表明严重的不足在分析写作上
一个典型的论文在这个策略上展现了一个或者更多关于下列特征
不清楚或者严重地限制得表达或者发展一个观点关于一个问题
提供很少，几乎没有，相关的理由或者例子
没有集中或者组织混乱
有严重的问题在语言的使用上和句子结构上，频繁地干涉意思
包括严重的错误在语法上，用法，频繁地模糊意思
1分
一个一分的论文表明基本的不足在分析写作技巧上
一个典型的论文在策略上展现了一个或者更多的特征
提供很少几乎没有证据关于能力去分析和理解这个问题
提供很少几乎没有证据关于能力去发展一个组织好的回复
有严重的问题关于语言和句子结构，坚持地干涉意思
包括有说服力的错误在语法上，用法，导致语无伦次
0分
跑题，在一个外国的语言，仅仅复制话题，包括仅仅关键的字符，或者模糊的，空白的，不成话的。
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2009-12-17 23:11:24
本帖最后由 jinziqi 于 2009-12-17 23:16 编辑
The fifteenth day -- CET 6
今天一个FINAL，然后背了好多单词 争取把六级词汇都搞定 以后AW的时候好多用 做了些听力 周六要考试... 唉
已经加入小组了,但愿能在大家的帮助下一起齐心协力同舟共济功课AW 哈哈
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2009-12-18 23:25:44
The sixteenth day --
就是刚刚读了一遍comments,把不认识的单词都标出来了,感觉还好不是太多不认识的,但今天还没来得及查,明天考完再继续写感想吧..还真是第一次这么长的文章吧,不过好在我坚持下来了~而且多气候问题多少有了些了解~平常消息闭塞看不到新闻...感觉最后一句话最逗了
“And if taxpayers decide that green policies are packed with pork, they will turn against them. ” packe with pork ~ what does it mean? I will figure out~
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2009-12-19 11:58:08
本帖最后由 jinziqi 于 2009-12-20 14:16 编辑
The seventeenth day --
COMMENT 1
THE mountain bark beetle is a familiar pest in the forests of British Columbia.
Its population rises and falls unpredictably, destroying clumps树丛 of pinewood as it peaks which then regenerate as the bug recedes后退.
a natural background-noise disturbance打扰 has become a major outbreak.
Or it could be caused by the higher temperatures that now prevail(盛行) in northern areas, allowing beetles to breed more often in summer and survive in greater numbers through the winter.
Its aim was “to achieve stabilisation of greenhouse-gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic 人为的interference with the climate system”.
The Kyoto protocol(外交礼仪), which set about realising those aims, was signed in 1997 and came into force in 2005.
it reckons 认为 those trends are all likely or very likely to have been caused by human activity and will probably continue.
In most of the world the climate changes to date are barely perceptible 感知的or hard to pin钉住 on warming.
Economists argue over the sums (see article), but broadly agree that greenhouse-gas emissions can be curbed控制without flattening the world economy.
Not only is the latest round of negotiations mired使陷于泥坑 in difficulty, but the World Trade Organisation’s task is child’s play compared with climate change.
The benefits of concluding trade deals are certain and accrue增大 in the short term.
The benefits of mitigating 使缓和climate change are uncertain, since scientists are unsure of the scale and consequences of global warming, and will mostly accrue many years hence.
The aspirations are high, but so are the hurdles障碍.
To suggest that much has gone wrong is not to denigrate污蔑,诽谤 the efforts of the many people who have dedicated two decades to this problem.
And if taxpayers decide that green policies are packed with pork, they will turn against them.
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2009-12-20 00:31:42
It could be the result of management practices.
it reckons those trends are all likely or very likely to have been caused by human activity and will probably continue.
If so, the glacial retreat could well stop, as it did in the middle of the 20th century after a 100-year retreat.
This is the first time that I have ever read such a long article in English word by word which really takes me a lot of time. Although there is not too much unfamiliar word to me, it is still hard to understand and remember the whole idea. As far I am concerned, I have to practice to use those familiar words more frequent such as outbreak and fluctuate. Only reciting those words will not help us much in writing. I should pay attention to the pronoun used in the article to avoid misusing them in my own. To say more about the main idea of the article, I could say that it made me know about the Copenhagen. Hoping the issue could be resolved with the help of all nations.
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2009-12-20 15:05:11
The eighteenth day -- COMMENT 2 Suspended animation
Good sentences and words
The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising vertiginously since 2003. 这句真生动啊~
At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $65 billion, reckons ClareMcAndrew, founder of Arts Economics, a research firm—double the figurefive years earlier. 这个句式第一次见 谁谁认为~ 后面还说清了谁谁是干嘛的
In the weeks and months that followed Mr Hirst’s sale, spending of anysort became deeply unfashionable, especially in New York, where thebail-out(以优先股发给股东作为红利之行为) of the banks coincided with the loss of thousands of jobs andthe financial demise(终止) of many art-buying investors.
The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanesestopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989, a move that startedthe most serious contraction(收缩) in the market since the second world war.
What makes this slump(
衰落) different from the last, he says, is that thereare still buyers in the market, whereas in the early 1990s, wheninterest rates were high, there was no demand even though manycollectors wanted to sell.
Rising costs brought trouble to many old-fashioned fine-art dealer emporiums(商业中心).
Many dealers now prefer to take art works on consignment(委托), matchingsellers to buyers for a commission(佣金;委托) rather than investing in stocks ofart.
The other half is generated by private dealers and galleries that are notoriously恶名昭彰的 secretive(隐隐藏藏的).
One thing that differentiates the two auction houses is their ownership structure.
The response of both auction houses to the current slump has beenbroadly similar: staff cuts, unpaid leave, a squeeze(压,榨) on salaries,slashed(减低
) marketing and travel budgets, and an edict(法令) that the glossy(表面光滑的)auction catalogues, which in the boom cost each of them £25m a year toproduce, were no longer to be handed out like chocolate drops.
Famous People
Andy Warhol was an American painter, printmaker, and filmmaker who was a leading figure in the visual art movement known as pop art.
Jeff Koons (born January 21, 1955) is an American artist known for his giant reproductions of banal objects such as balloon animals produced in stainless steel with mirror finish surfaces, often brightly colored.
As far as I am concerned, I do not often care about those arts mentioned in the article such as painting or auctions. I only watch some animation at my spare time. But the art market in China is indeed suffering from recession. Having a look at the famous 798 factory in Beijing, many poor artists live there. I have been there for several times, finding those artistic productions are really cute and beautiful which are so expensive that most people could not afford. As the author mentioned, globalization should help it recover. Many foreigners come there and buy many products, which may enliven that factory.
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2009-12-20 20:35:12
COMMENT 3 A wary respect
Good sentences and words
wary 小心翼翼的
Britain, then ruler of the waves, was worrying about losing its supremacy to the upstart. ruler of waves是啥？
President Barack Obama faces a China that is growing richer and stronger while remaining tenaciously 坚持地 authoritarian 独裁主义者.
With America’s economy in tatters 碎片 and China’s still growing fast(albeit not as fast as before last year’s financial crisis), manypoliticians and intellectuals in both China and America feel that thebalance of power is shifting more rapidly in China’s favour.
China has become the world’s biggest lender 出借人 to America through itspurchase of American Treasury securities, which in theory would allowit to wreck 破坏
the American economy.
China may have growing financial muscle, but it still lags far behind as a technological innovator and creator of global brands.
By any measure, China’s power is still dwarfed by America’s.
As Yan Xuetong of Tsinghua University puts it, socialism with Chinesecharacteristics (as the Chinese call their brand of communism) islooking increasingly like capitalism with American characteristics.
But it is a relationship fraught 充满的 with contradictions.
All three will still be grappling with the aftermath 事件的后果 of the global financial crisis.
Protests are on the rise, corruption is rampant, crime is surging.
Its frailties(缺点)—social, political and economic—could eventually imperil 使..陷入危险之中both its own stability and its dealings with the outside world.
My comment
I have to say that I really dislike politics. I hate those sophisticated stuff. So, I learn a little about the related knowledge such as the relationship of countries and the history of our own country. But I read the article carefully. I also watched the video of Obama's speech who is a winner of Nobel Prize for peace. The relationship between China and America seems to be very complicated but according to the passage, it seems that the year of 2012 is more mysterious, for which China, America, and Taiwan (albeit I don't like to separate Taiwan from China) will all hold the presidential election and we all look forward to the prediction of Maya people.
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2009-12-20 23:39:14
The eighteenth day -- feeling
今天看了2个comments，补了昨天的，还翻译了3个argument题目。。感觉一天就过去了。总是学会玩会。过去这么快。。怎么办。。还有期末考试没复习呢。。唉
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2009-12-21 12:21:12
本帖最后由 jinziqi 于 2009-12-21 12:23 编辑
The nineteenth day -- COMMENT
The long climb
Good sentences and words
Its information office promises nine miles of pristine sand, fine dining for devoted epicureans
享乐主义者 and an atmosphere of laid-back sophistication.
Yet students of economic turmoil 混乱 will find their subject matter conveniently close to hand.
Newport Beach is also the home of Pimco, the biggest bond manager in the world, which handles $840 billion on behalf of pension 养老金 funds,universities and other clients.
After two days of rumination 反刍, Pimco’s laid-back sophisticates concluded that the financial markets may well “revert to mean”, which is a statistician’s way of saying that what comes down must go up.
In the new normal, as defined by Pimco’s CEO, Mohamed El-Erian, growth will be subdued 屈服的 and unemployment will remain high.
“The banking system will be a shadow of its former self,” and the securitisation 证券化 markets, which buy and sell marketable bundles of debt,will presumably be a shadow of a shadow. 什么意思?
They draw inspiration from the work of the late Milton Friedman, who showed that in America deep recessions are generally followed by strong recoveries.
Moreover, if the financial system remains in disrepair, savings will flow haltingly to companies and the cost of capital will rise. Firms will therefore use less of it per unit of output.
Natural disasters also wipe out wealth by destroying buildings,possessions and infrastructure 公共建设, but the economy rarely slows in their aftermath 后果.
This was a protracted 拖延的 slog which, by Mr Koo’s reckoning, did not finish until 2005.
Just over a year ago, the day Lehman Brothers filed for bankruptcy, the world economy fell off a precipice 悬崖. When you are falling, you do not look up. Only when you hit bottom can you stop and contemplate the cliff you must now climb.
The mobilisation of capital will be fitful as the financial system copes with past mistakes and impending 即将发生的 regulation.
Good paragraphs
He likened the economy to a piece of string stretched taut 绷紧的 on a board. The more forcefully the string is plucked 拉;拔, the more sharply it snaps 折断 back.
Friedman’s piece of string represents the demand side of the economy:the sum of spending by households, firms, foreigners and the government. The rigid board symbolises the supply side. When spendingis strong enough, the economy’s resources are fully employed, allowing it to realise its full potential. As the workforce grows, capitalaccumulates and technology advances, this limit expands over time.
Fisher, again, put it best: “I fancy that over-confidence seldom does any great harm except when, as, and if, it beguiles its victims into debt.” There is no better example of that than American consumers.
My comment
This is an article about the world economic crisis. Since 2008, the unemployment rate has increased all over the world. In China, there were more than 6 million graduates but many of them could not find a job, not to mention to get a suitable job with their major. All companies in the world were cutting down employees to save more money. According to the author, the world economy is recovering with the effort of all nations. But the normal as we known has been changed so that demand in rich countries will remain weak and emerging economies will not be able to compensate.
In the article, the author used metaphor. He used piece of string which represents the demand side of the economy and the rigid board symbolizes the supply side. And he concluded that if a piece of string stretched taut on a board, the more forcefully the string is plucked, the more sharply it snaps back. The metaphor is so vivid that make me impressive who is lack of the knowledge of economy.
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2009-12-22 13:20:35
The twentieth day -- COMMENT Nearer and nearer
Good words
Senate 参议院The version of the billalready passed by the House of Representatives does contain just such apublic option, one of several reasons why final passage of a reconciledbill is still a way off. Some Democrats hope, however, that a publicoption can be added later on, after the initial bill has gone intoeffect.
redundancy 裁员
Republicans, who havebeen fighting tooth-and-nail to block passage of the bill seem to havegiven up the fight, and have given warning instead that this will be awish that he comes to regret.
The result was a vote onprecisely partisan 党派支持者 lines, with all 40 Republicans opposed, and all 58Democrats plus the two independents who are grouped with them voting infavour.
Since 60 votes is theprecise number needed to avoid a filibuster 妨碍议事通过 , there was no room forerror whatsoever, the reason why the procedural motion had taken solong.
Good sentences
And it makes it illegalfor insurers to refuse people coverage on the basis of pre-existingmedical conditions, as well as putting strict limits on the way thatpremiums are allowed to increase with age.
Past history provides them with evidence to back up that claim.
My comment
I think this is a political article again about the health-care reform in the United States. It seems that Obama will get a health-care reform bill on Christmas, which republicans reckon it will be a wish for Obama to regret. Finally, the bill has passed by the House of Representatives. However, some Democrats hope that there will be a public option added. In spite of these, difficulties will still exist.
It is too complicated to put any reform into practice for government. There will always be the sound of approval and disapproval.
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2009-12-23 16:55:24
The 21th day -- some feelings
I don't know why the world is too complicated. I want to know how could I accept the world with those sophisticate human beings and get along with them. Although it is really significant for one to success, I just can not stand. Even in a small college, people are narrow-minded, what will be like in the society or even the world? Even though, people are trying to use you but when you turn to help to them, they won't give any responses. I want to find a shelter. But one day, I need to step into the society without any shelter, what can I do?
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2009-12-24 14:49:31
本帖最后由 jinziqi 于 2009-12-25 21:20 编辑
The 21th day -- Comment
Executive pay
New words
executive pay 高管薪酬
shopfloor 车间里
tether 拘束，栓
sanguine 乐观的
mediocre 平凡的
his six-year tenure任期
shareholder 股东
crunch 对冲紧缩
galore 大量的
exacerbate 恶化
scapegoat 替罪羔羊
substantially 大大地
Good sentences
But today it is becoming radioactive, as governments step in to rescue failing companies and ordinary people are forced to tighten their belts.
The moderator's opening remarks
It is not hard to understand this shared outrage 愤怒: executive pay has exploded since the 1980s.
But there after, starting in America and slowly spreading to the rest of the world, the multiples increased exponentially.
These criticisms have been exacerbated by the financial crisis and the desire to find scapegoats.
In fact, the opposite is true and boards increasingly fire them for poor performance.
Strikingly, relative CEO pay is a half of what it was in 2001, a huge decline.
By one estimate, the top three hedge fund managers earned more in 2007 than all 500 S&P 500 CEOs combined. 学习这个比较的句子！
For example, from 2004 to 2008, the inflation-adjusted pay of partners at the top 20 law firms increased by 12% while that of S&P 500 CEOs dropped 12%. 终于找到while表示然而的例句了~
So, while CEOs earn a lot, they are not unique. 这个while我猜是让步..
Panglossian observers will always be able to find some metric 公尺的 to justify any level of pay.
The growing pay of executives has to be balanced against the growingdifficulty of their jobs, particularly as turnover in the boardroomincreases.
My comment
At least, this is the first time I have read the debate about thetopic. Some people reckon that executive pays are so high which is nottethered to their performance. However, others hold the idea that thehighly pay of executives is both a symptom and a cause of the currenteconomic mess. As far as I am concerned, I don't know the specificnumber about the difference between the salary of CEO and the averagesalary among people in China. But CEO really earns a huge amount ofmoney due to his responsibility and the importance of his position sothat he could try his best to maintain a company's business. Therelationship with executive pay and the board is not so clear. All Ilearned is the structure of an argument and some wonderful writings. Iam wondering if I should learn some commercial words in English to better express my thought, not only those GRE words...
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2009-12-25 22:53:33
本帖最后由 jinziqi 于 2009-12-25 23:24 编辑
The 22th day -- Comment
Rebuttal statements
First, I have to say I have already been used to reading English passages on computer screen since these days which will definitely have a great influence on TOEFL. Every day I am patient with these profound words and ideas, trying great efforts to understand the main idea and learn the writing. Every topic is away from the area I am familiar with, or may because my horizon is too narrow and know little about the society. But I indeed learned a lot. Now, go on!
CEOs enjoy the unique privilege of being able to appoint the people who decide their pay.She also reiterates (say, state) the point that there are plenty of devices such as golden parachutes that cannot possibly be justified by performance. 原来是这样...
One survey suggests that only 13% of people trust what CEOs say. 可以学习用来说服的句子
I would urge the participants to pay close attention to the wording ofthe motion-particularly the key phrases 'one the whole' and 'deserve'. 没有看懂耶。。
She bases her conclusion on two "outlier 局外人" examples, Angelo Mozillo and Aubrey McClendon, that she calls "anecdotes".
CEOs earn a lot and their stock appreciates when their companiesperform well. CEOs lose large amounts of wealth and their jobs whentheir companies perform poorly.
In direct contradiction to Ms Minow's conclusion, the financial CEOswere compensated in the end for the quality of their transactions.
All Special Master Kenneth Feinberg can do is ask the company not topay the bonuses and rattle his sabre about the pay he can controlgoing forward, hoping that the threat of clamping down on the 25executivesat each of the covered companies he does have authority overwill be enough of an incentive to force a change. 这个All..can do is 后面可以用原形?
If a private entity had been asked for emergency funds, it is unthinkable that any money would have been advanced without establishingsome control overcompensation.
S&P到底是什么呢...
Athletes, movie stars and recording artists, who have a much greaterrange and far greater elasticity 弹性 in compensation,engage in vigorousarm's length negotiations on pay; their pay is not set by boards theyappoint, as CEOs' is.
And it is hard for me to understand how anyone could point to the US orUK government authorising excessive pay as a validation of the system. As noted above, the government has repeatedly failed as regulator or asprovider of capital in curbing outrageously destructive executivecompensation.
My comment
I’d happy to say that finally there are not too much new words to me,at least in today's assignment. Those sentences I copied is reallywonderful. I really got some points in this article to support theauthor's opinion which is sound. From the article, it can be seen that CEO actually takes a big burden which connects with his company. If the author is saying truth, that CEO could appoint the people who decide their pay, I think he will appoint a fair man to not only satisfy his employees and make himself get the most benefit.
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2009-12-26 14:34:18
The 23th Day -- comment
Happily, there is finally a topic that I am interested in although it is not my major. I am concerned with the topic. Generally, lots of people often use their names combined with their birthdays in different forms which is easy to remember. Only a small number of people will think up a series of strange letters and to remember them as a password. Even they do so, but they will use it for many sites, such as E-mails and QQ number, which is not safe because if one is lost, the others is in the same condition. From the author's opinion, we should set up a password at least 8 symbols or even 12. It can be the first letter of every word in a sentence. But I don't understand what is LastPass. Well, security on the Internet is indeed a hot topic whic need to be considered more, especially in China.
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2009-12-27 00:18:33
Yesterday’s notes
New words
abreast 并肩地
jumble 混杂
alphanumeric 字母与数字的
intrude 闯入
toss 扔，掷
encryption 加密
binary 二进制的
mnemonic 有助于记忆的
robust 健壮的
pledge 誓言
Good words
aversion
Indeed, the majority of online users have an understandable aversion to strong, but hard-to-remember, passwords.
Good sentences
This is his list of logons and passwords for all the websites he uses for doing business and staying in touch with the rest of the world.
Unfortunately, the easier a password is to remember, the easier it is for thieves to guess.
The strength of a password depends on its length, complexity and randomness.
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2009-12-27 20:01:00
The 24th Day -- Comment
New words
clutter 凌乱
novelty 新奇
sentimental 情感的
lot 拍卖品
porcelain 瓷器
rig 帆装（船桅和风范等的安装模式）
consign 托运
knickknack 小装饰物
shimmer 微微发亮
idyllic 完美无瑕
Good words
His work is, if anything, even more unfashionable-looking than Grimshaw’s. Spencelayh, who died in 1928, liked to paint fussy interiors.
on behalf of
said afterwards
Of the two auctions, Sotheby’s was by far more successful.
Good sentences
Prices today reflect what is happeningout there. People are discounting the coming inflation and buyingquality. They know that inflation has always been the art dealer’sfriend.
Some pieces went for as much as four times what the auction house had predicted.
My comment
I am happy to say that I read thisarticle in a few minutes which prove that my reading speed in Englishhas been improved a lot since I began to read an article every day.WhenI was reading the passage, I ignored those complicated names, but I canknow what the author talked about. It described some pictures and thenstated some auctions being sold from one to another. Auctions have evenbecome stock, which could make money, just like houses which people areeager to buy one, not only for live in, but also for selling it afteryears to make money.
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2009-12-28 19:58:39
The 25th Day -- Today's notes
Good words
downturn 经济衰退=recession
renaissance 复兴
mob 聚集
frenzy 狂乱
capitalism 资本主义
turmoil 混乱
intervene 干扰
roam 漫步
evangelist 布道者
satire 讽刺作品
venture 商业
gospel 绝对真理
oversubscribed 供不应求的
guru 教师
stake 赌注
disproportionate 不成比例的
think-tank 智囊团
by no means一点也不
Good sentences
The aspiring entrepreneurs did not justwant to strike it rich; they wanted to play their part in forging a newIndia. Speaker after speaker praised entrepreneurship as a powerfulforce for doing good as well as doing well.
But perspectives have changed in the intervening干扰 decades, and Schumpeter’s entrepreneurs are once again roaming漫步 the globe.
Indeed,the trend is now so well established that it has become the object of satire讽刺作品.
This special report will argue that the entrepreneurial idea has gone mainstream, supported by political leaders on the left as well as on the right, championed by powerful pressure groups, reinforced by a growing infrastructure of universities and venture商业 capitalists and embodied by wildly popular business heroes such as Oprah Winfrey, Richard Branson and India’s software kings. 好长的一个句子啊…
The report will also contend竞争 that entrepreneurialism needs to be rethought: in almost all instances it involves not creative destruction but creative creation.
The world’s greatest producer of entrepreneurs continues to be America. The lights may have gone out on Wall Street, but Silicon Valley continues to burn bright. High-flyers from around the world still flock to America’s universities and clamour to work for Google and Microsoft.
这段写的真好啊
For most people the term “entrepreneur” simply means anybody who starts a business, be it a corner shop or a high-tech start up. 后半句什么意思?
The second myth is that most entrepreneurs are just out of short trousers. 这个…不明白是啥意思..?
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2009-12-29 23:38:39
The 26th Day -- comment added.
Good words
by no means一点也不
flourish 繁荣昌盛
pharmaceutical 药物的
crook 骗子
dubious 可疑的
incumbent 在职者
advantages as well as drawbacks
Good sentences
Theaspiring entrepreneurs did not just want to strike it rich; they wantedto play their part in forging a new India. Speaker after speakerpraised entrepreneurship as a powerful force for doing good as well asdoing well.
But perspectives have changed in the intervening干扰 decades, and Schumpeter’s entrepreneurs are once again roaming漫步 the globe.
Indeed,the trend is now so well established that it has become the object of satire讽刺作品.
This special report will argue that the entrepreneurial idea has gone mainstream, supported by political leaders on the left as well as on the right, championed by powerful pressure groups, reinforced by a growing infrastructure of universities and
venture商业 capitalists and embodied by wildly popular business heroes such as Oprah Winfrey, Richard Branson and India’s software kings. 好长的一个句子啊…
The report will also contend竞争 that entrepreneurialism needs to be rethought: in almost all instances it involves not creative destruction but creative creation.
The world’s greatest producer of entrepreneurs continues to be America. The lights may have gone out on Wall Street, but Silicon Valley continues to burn bright.
High-flyers from around the world still flock to America’s universities and clamour to work for Google and Microsoft.
这段写的真好啊
Just as importantly, big firms often provide start-ups with their bread and butter.
Today the ground is far less solid than it was in his day, so theopportunities for entrepreneurs are correspondingly more numerous.
Companies make economic sense when the bureaucratic cost of performingtransactions under one roof is less than the cost of doing the samething through the market.
For most people the term “entrepreneur” simply means anybody who starts a business, be it a corner shop or a high-tech start up. 后半句什么意思?
原来是说..原型应该是 anybody who starts a business, whether it be a corner shop or a high-tech start up.
whether it be... or.. 虚拟语气，让步。
The second myth is that most entrepreneurs are just out of short trousers. 这个…不明白是啥意思..?
形容他们年轻。
感谢hugesea!
My comment
It is the looongest passage I have ever read... It talked aboutentrepreneurship during a special time which called renaissance.Entrepreneurship was defined as the pursuit of opportunity beyond theresources you currently control. Even if there are a number ofentrepreneurs are just out of short trousers when they success, theaverage boss was 39 when he or she started. Looking at Steven Jobs,what a tortuous way has he walked so that he could achieve the gate ofsucceed. You may say that he is a crook, but how about Bill Gates?Haven't he ever cheated? Actually, they are the same, and it is becausethat Bill Gates is clever and he deceived Jobs that he is richer thanJobs. To sum, to become an entrepreneur is not easy, which needs asophisticated personality and an intelligent brain to devise strategyin the command tent.
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2009-12-30 14:04:28
The 27th day -- Comment
An evolutionary biologist on religion
Good words
human race 人类
sanctity 神圣
tribal 部落的
primordial 最初的
side with 支持
propensity 倾向
prevail 战胜
hymn 赞美诗
monopolize 垄断
divine 上帝的
limpid 清晰的
prose 散文
metaphysical 形而上学的
transcendental 超凡的
provocative 激起争端的
dissident 唱反调
myriad 无数的
有不少红宝词汇。。有的虽然查过了，但还是需要再加强一下印象。。
Good sentences
The “beauty of holiness” in a British private school is a far cry fromthe sort of religion that later came to interest him as a sciencejournalist at Nature magazine and then the New York Times.
In other words, he sides with those who think man’s propensity for religion has some adaptive function.
Groups which practised religion effectively and enjoyed its benefitswere likely to prevail over those which lacked these advantages.
Above all, by promoting moral rules and cementing cohesion, in a waythat makes people ready to sacrifice themselves for the group and todeal ruthlessly with outsiders.
At times, the book stumbles.
My comment
I did not realize that the article is a book review until I readothers' comments. The author seems to be satisfied with the book exceptsomewhere stumbled. The book is about religion, as an adaptivefunction, which gives an explanation of collective ecstasy. AndNicholas Wade also combined biology, social science and religioushistory into the book. However, the author reckons that Nicholas Wadeshould cite more autobiographical reference to Eton. The book could bebetter. As for religion, no matter Muslim or Islam, they are all a kindof faith which is holy.
I really don't have too much to comment on this article...
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2010-1-1 15:26:38
The 28th day -- Comment U.S. Had Early Signals of a Terror Plot, Officials Say
New Words
thwart 阻挠(hinder or prevent )
atstake (at risk, in danger of being lost)
overhaul (make repairs, renovations, revisions oradjustments to)
substitute (beinga replacement or substitute for a regular member of a team)
trigger 引发(put in motion or move to act)
preliminary(aminor match preceding the main event)
outflank 胜过
culpability 有罪
Goodsentences
HAD IT
Thegovernment had a variety of information in its possession before the thwartedbombing that would have been a clear warning sign had it been shared amongagencies.
While theinformation did not include a name, officials said it would have been evident hadit been compared with information about Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab, the23-year-old Nigerian charged with trying to blow up a Northwest Airlines flightto Detroit on Christmas Day.
Inretrospect it now appears clear that had it all been examined together it wouldhave pointed to the pending attack.
Had thiscritical information been shared, it could have been compiled with other intelligenceand a fuller, clearer picture of the suspect would have emerged.
All year long, we’ve asked the question.
Democrats returned fire by accusing the opposition of standing in the way of needed personnel and money while exploiting public fears.
She had meant the system worked in its response to the attempted bombing, not before it happened.
My comment
When I saw the title of the article, I could guess what is going to be told in the passage because I have watched the news of the same theme on TV recently, which helped me a lot in understanding the article. I found that lots of information were not told by news on TV, especially on CCTV. Terrorist attack is horrible, which arouse my concern since 9/11. People died and the building exploded. The more terrible thing is that the terrorist who is insane so that suicide with the airplane. As for this attempted bombing, which escaped the airline security examination, it raise high attention to the global security in every airline flight.
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2010-1-1 23:31:05
The 28th DAY
I love this article so much so I decide to paste the whole paragraphs. The word is beautiful and the content is more attractive.
Beauty(节选）
By Scott Russell Sanders
Judging from the scientists I know, including Eva and Ruth, and those whom I've read about, you can't pursue the laws of nature very long without bumping碰撞 into beauty. "I don't know if it's the same beauty you see in the sunset," a friend tells me, "but it feels the same." This friend is a physicist, who has spent a long career deciphering what must be happening in the interior of stars. He recalls for me his thrill令人兴奋的精力 on grasping for the first time Dirac's equations describing quantum mechanics, or those of Einstein describing relativity. "They're so beautiful," he says, "you can see immediately they have to be true. Or at least on the way toward truth." I ask him what makes a theory beautiful, and he replies, "Simplicity, symmetry, elegance, and power."
Why nature should conform to theories we find beautiful is far from obvious. The most incomprehensible thing about the universe, as Einstein said, is that it's comprehensible. How unlikely, that a short-lived biped on a two-bit planet should be able to gauge the speed of light, lay bare the structure of an atom, or calculate the gravitational tug of a black hole. We're a long way from understanding everything, but we do understand a great deal about how nature behaves. Generation after generation, we puzzle out formulas, test them, and find, to an astonishing degree, that nature agrees. An architect draws designs on flimsy轻而薄且不牢固的 paper, and her buildings stand up through earthquakes. We launch a satellite into orbit and use it to bounce messages from continent to continent. The machine on which I write these words embodies hundreds of insights into the workings of the material world, insights that are confirmed by every burst of letters on the screen, and I stare at that screen through lenses that obey the laws of optics first worked out in detail by Isaac Newton.
By discerning patterns in the universe, Newton believed, he was tracing the hand of God. Scientists in our day have largely abandoned the notion of a Creator as an unnecessary hypothesis, or at least an untestable one. While they share Newton's faith that the universe is ruled everywhere by a coherent set of rules, they cannot say, as scientists, how these particular rules came to govern things. You can do science without believing in a divine上帝的 Legislator, but not without believing in laws.
I spent my teenage years scrambling攀登 up the mountain of mathematics. Midway up the slope, however, I staggered蹒跚 to a halt, gasping in the rarefied air, well before I reached the heights where the equations of Einstein and Dirac would have made sense. Nowadays I add, subtract, multiply, and do long division when no calculator is handy, and I can do algebra and geometry and even trigonometry in a pinch, but that is about all that I've kept from the language of numbers. Still, I remember glimpsing patterns in mathematics that seemed as bold and beautiful as a skyful of stars.
I'm never more aware of the limitations of language than when I try to describe beauty. Language can create its own loveliness, of course, but it cannot deliver to us the radiance荣光满面 we apprehend in the world, any more than a photograph can capture the stunning极有魅力的 swiftness迅速 of a hawk or the withering power of a supernova. Eva's wedding album holds only a faint衰弱的 glimmer of the wedding itself. All that pictures or words can do is gesture beyond themselves toward the fleeting glory that stirs our hearts. So I keep gesturing.
"All nature is meant to make us think of paradise," Thomas Merton observed. Because the Creation puts on a nonstop show, beauty is free and inexhaustible, but we need training in order to perceive more than the most obvious kinds. Even fifteen billion years or so after the Big Bang, echoes of that event still linger逗留 in the form of background radiation, only a few degrees above absolute zero. Just so, I believe, the experience of beauty is an echo of the order and power that permeate the universe. To measure background radiation, we need subtle instruments; to measure beauty, we need alert intelligence and our five keen senses.
Anyone with eyes can take delight in a face or a flower. You need training, however, to perceive the beauty in mathematics or physics or chess, in the architecture of a tree, the design of a bird's wing, or the shiver of breath through a flute. For most of human history, the training has come from elders who taught the young how to pay attention. By paying attention, we learn to savor all sorts of patterns, from quantum mechanics to patchwork quilts.
This predilection偏好 brings with it a clear evolutionary advantage, for the ability to recognize patterns helped our ancestors to select mates, find food, avoid predators. But the same advantage would apply to all species, and yet we alone compose symphonies and crossword puzzles, carve stone into statues, map time and space. Have we merely carried our animal need for shrewd精明的 perceptions to an absurd extreme? Or have we stumbled onto a deep congruence between the structure of our minds and the structure of the universe?
I am persuaded the latter is true. I am convinced there's more to beauty than biology, more than cultural convention. It flows around and through us in such abundance, and in such myriad forms, as to exceed by a wide margin any mere evolutionary need. Which is not to say that beauty has nothing to do with survival: I think it has everything to do with survival. Beauty feeds us from the same source that created us. It reminds us of the shaping power that reaches through the flower stem and through our own hands. It restores our faith in the generosity慷慨大方 of nature. By giving us a taste of the kinship between our own small minds and the great Mind of the Cosmos宇宙, beauty reassures使安心 us that we are exactly and wonderfully made for life on this glorious planet, in this magnificent universe. I find in that affinity密切关系 a profound source of meaning and hope. A universe so prodigal挥霍的 of beauty may actually need us to notice and respond, may need our sharp eyes and brimming盈满 hearts and teeming充满 minds, in order to close the circuit of Creation.
My comment
I think these words the author typed on his machine and I read on my screen are the most beautiful words I have ever seen, not only the precise choose of words, but also the main point about beauty. Beauty is at every corner of all over the world and waiting to be discovered by our eyes and hearts. Those physical phenomena that the author described are also beautiful which proves that the physics is from our lives, but more than lives. Sometimes, the limitation of the language and the photographs prevent us from expressing beauty, however, I reckon that our eyes is the best photographer which can take every beautiful scenes you have seen with our minds into memory forever. So, beauty is permanent in our heart.
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2010-1-2 18:01:54
The 29th Day -- Comment
Canada's northern goal
New words
frontier 边境
anthem 圣歌
quaint 离奇有趣的
debilitate (make weak)
squabble 争吵
heed 注意
roam 漫步
belated (delayed)
pledge 发誓
fractured 破裂的
benign 慈祥的
Good sentences
Higher temperatures mean less sea ice and more scope for mineral andfossil-fuel exploration, more foreign ships traversing the north, andpotential conflicts with other Arctic states over the seabed, sealanes, and sea and land borders.
DEW line
The Distant Early Warning Line, also known as the DEW Line or EarlyWarning Line, was a system of radar stations in the far northern Arcticregion of Canada, with additional stations along the North Coast andAleutian Islands of Alaska, in addition to the Faroe Islands,Greenland, and Iceland. It was set up to detect incoming Soviet bombersduring the Cold War, a task which quickly became outdated whenintercontinental ballistic missiles became the main delivery system fornuclear weapons.
-- From Wikipedia
20100102
On Jan 2nd, 2010, which is a rare symmetric day. In the new year, everyone memorizes what has happened in 2009 and concludes what he has gain and paid. Then he will write down the new year's goal to achieve more in life, study, or career, just like Canada's Northern goal.
Wish we all can achieve our goals with perseverance! :D
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2010-1-2 23:00:10
本帖最后由 jinziqi 于 2010-1-2 23:01 编辑
The 29th Day -- Comment
Floating in the Digital Experience
The 24-Hour Movie now streams instead of unspools(没查到这个词...), filling our screens with images that, more and more, have been created algorithmically rather than photographically.
When it was over, people broke into enthusiastic applause and,unusually, many stayed to watch the credits, as if to linger in the movie.
(I did linger in cinema for many times watching the credits or waiting for the name of background music...)
That’s particularly true after a decade when watching movies became an increasingly solitary affair, something between you and your laptop.
(I did enjoy a lot of movies with my cute laptop...)
ferociously (marked by extreme and violent energy)
implications 可能的影响
fervently (with passionate fervor)
radically 根本地
obsession 痴迷
spatially 空间地
theatrical 戏剧的
mutating 变异
I thought it was a passage about Avatar, which I expect to watch in the cinema with the 3-D glasses. I have watched a 3-D movie before named UP, which is also a simple one, but meaningful and touched. But when I finished reading the whole passages, it talked about technology used in making movies. It reminds me of 2012, a disaster movie, spending more than 0.2 billion dollars. Those effects such as the breakup of the ground and the eruption of the volcano seem so real that draw a quantity of people's attention to experience the movie in cinema.
In my point of view, I don't like commercial movie. In contrast, I like those movie telling a meaningful story and help people to see the society clearly. Also, those romantic movies are beautiful which are easy to bring the common feeling among people. So, the technology is not such significant for me. Even those action movies such as Mary and Max and Up are great with simple scenes.
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2010-1-3 23:23:28
The 30th Day
Beyond Righteousness (adhering to moral principles) and Gain
by Zhou Guoping
"A virtuous man is concerned with righteousness while a mean man, with gain,” Confucius says. The "righteousness" and "gain" have long been a central theme in the Chinese philosophy of life. But, what if I am neither virtuous nor mean?
There was once a time when almost everyone claimed to be a gentleman and every word uttered was about righteousness. At that time, there might have been some truly virtuous men who were so righteous as to give up whatever was profitable. But, more likely, one might meet hypocrites who used righteousness as a fig (微不足道的事) leaf for their cupidity (extreme greed for material wealth), or pedants believed in whatever passed for righteousness. Gone are the old days. The social trend has taken on a dramatic change unawares: the reputation of righteousness nosedived, truly virtuous men became extinct, hypocrites dropped the fig leaf and the scales fell from the eyes of the pedants. With- out exception, they all joined in the scramble for gains. It is believed that the philosophy of life has changed and a new interpretation of righteousness and gain looms large: seeking material gains is not the exclusive patent of the mean, but a golden rule for all.
"Time is money" is a vogue (the popular taste at a given time) word nowadays. Nothing is wrong when entrepreneurs apply it to boost productivity. But, when it is worshipped as a motto of life and commercialism takes the place of other wisdom of life, life is then turned into a corporation and, consequently, interpersonal relations into a market.
I used to mock at the cheap "human touch". But, nowadays even the cheap “touch” has become rare and costly. Can you, if I may ask, get a smile, a greeting, or a tiny bit of compassion for free?
Don’t be nostalgic, though. It is in fact of little help if you try to redeem (restore the honor or worth of) the world or salvage (save from ruin, destruction, or harm) the corrupt minds through preaching various brands of righteousness. Nevertheless, beyond righteousness and gain, I believe, there are other attitudes towards life; beyond virtue and meanness, there are other individualities. Allow me to coin (?) a sentence in the Confucian style: "A perfect man is concerned with disposition."
Indeed, righteousness and gain, seemingly poles apart, have much essence in common. Righteousness calls for a devotion to the whole society while gain drives one to pursue material interests. In both cases, one’s disposition is over- looked and his true “self” concealed. "Righteousness" teaches one to give while "gain" induces one to take. The former turns one’s life into a process of fulfilling endless obligations while the latter breeds a life-long scramble for wealth and power. We must remember, however, the true value of life is beyond obligations and power. Both righteousness and gain are yoked by calculating minds. That’s why we often find ourselves in a tense interpersonal (人与人之间的) relationship whether Mr. Righteousness is commanding or Mr. Gain, controlling (这个放在这里是修饰什么的?).
If "righteousness" stands for an ethical philosophy of life, and "gain," a utilitarian (功利主义者) one, what I mean by "disposition" is an aesthetical philosophy of fife, which advocates taking your disposition as the operational guidance for your fife, whereby everyone is allowed to keep his true "self". You do not five (?) for the doctrines you believe in or the materials you possess. Instead, your true "self" makes you who you are. The true meaning of life lies not in giving or possessing, but in creating, which actively unfolds your true disposition, or, in other words, the emotional gratification (great satisfaction) you obtain through the exertion (hard work) of your essential power. Different from giving, which is the performance of an external responsibility, creating is the realization of one’s true self. The difference between creating and possessing is more than crystal clear. Let’s take creative writing as an example: "Possessing" focuses on the fame or social status a piece of writing may bring, while "creating" highlights the plea- sure in the process of writing. A man of disposition seeks nothing but the communication of feelings while in company, and the cultivation of taste while possessing something. More valuably, in a time when most people are busy hunting for wealth and being hunted by it, a man of disposition is al- ways at ease in social intercourses. Here I' m not talking about the leisure of traditional Chinese scholar-officials, nor the complacency (the feeling you have when you are satisfied with yourself) of conservative peasants, but about a peaceful mind coming from a non-materialistic attitude towards life. Using the writing example again, I’ve been wondering why a writer needs to be prolific. If he dreams of being enshrined, an immortal short poem is enough. Otherwise, he could be pretty much satisfied with a carefree life. In this sense, writing is merely a way for such a life.
Bernard Shaw once said, “There are two tragedies in life. One is not to get your heart’s desire. The other is to get it." With it I couldn’t agree more. I did admire him for his easy and humorous way in describing the quandary (state of uncertainty or perplexity especially as requiring a choice between equally unfavorable options) of life. However, a deep ponder over it has brought home to me that Shaw’s standpoint is no other than 就是 "possessing", which keeps us stranded in a double dosage tragedy of life: it' s a pain not to possess your heart' s desire, and a tedium, to have possessed it. However, if we shift the standpoint from "possessing" to "creating", and look at life with an esthetic eye, we can interpret Shaw’s words the other way round: there are two comedies in life. One is not to get your heart’s desire, so you still have the opportunity to seek or create it. The other is to get your heart’s desire, and then you are able to enjoy tasting or experiencing it--Of course, life can never be free from pains, and a wealth hunter cannot dream of the sadness of a man who places a premium on his true disposition. However, to be free from the mania for pos- session may at least save you many petty worries and pains, and let you enjoy a graceful life. 1 have no intention to prescribe the esthetic viewpoint as the cure for a corrupt world. I just want to express a belief: there is a life more worth living than the one haunted by righteousness and gain. And, this belief will help me sail through the unpredictable waters of my future life.
My Comment
In this article, Zhou Guoping believes that there are other attitude towards life beyond righteousness and gain. Righteous man is always waiting for give, while a “gain” man exerts every effort to get power or money. However, Mr. Zhou prefers a non-materialistic attitude towards life instead. As far as I am concerned, everyone has a dream or you may call it a desire. People will spend the whole life to fulfill his dream. On the middle way to the success, some people give up because they are hurt by the crucial society, some people change his mind to do something else to achieve his goal. What a difficult way. However, will people who succeed in getting the top of the mountain be satisfied? More often, people are disappointed because they find that all he gained is totally not what he has been dreamed of. As the author suggested, we should shift our attitude into creating. So, we can enjoy pursuing our future or tasting or experiencing.
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2010-1-4 23:44:25
The 31st Day -- TOT 崩溃的philo长文...
New wordsdivine 神的
insofar as 在...的范围内
inkling 暗示；迹象
simultaneous 同时发生的
infinity 无限
dictum 名言
immobility 静止
omnipresent 无所不在的
tantamount 同等的
compulsion 强迫
Difficult sentences
One who lives in time progresses in the present from the past and into the future.
It never ceases to be and therefore is an imitation of eternity, but it is balanced on the knife / edge of the present, the brief and fleeting instant, which we may call a kind of costume of eternity.
God is eternal but the world is perpetual.
And it is similarly true that his observation does not affect the things he sees that are present to him but future in terms of the flow of time.
Now, if you were to say that what God sees as going to occur cannot not occur and that what cannot not occur happens of necessity, and make a problem of the word ‘necessity,’ I will answer that it is absolutely true but is, indeed, a problem, not so much for logicians as for theologians.
这些句子都好绕啊...
It is not necessary that a man go for a walk, even though it is necessary, when he is walking, that he is walking. 纠结啊...
我再读几遍再写comment..
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2010-1-5 23:52:41
The 32nd Day --clamour loud and persistent outcry from many people
prominent 显著的
clinical 临床的
mindset 心态
esoteric 深奥的
regulator 管理者
charismatic possessing an extraordinary ability to attract
But business is also changing its mind about it wants from MBA students.
Comment
The debate topic is how do bussiness schools remain relevant in today's changing world. As we all know, our world is developing as a really fast speed. For example, a brand new computer will be produced in just half an year with a higher standard. However, our textbooks in school were edited many years ago.Even the textbook publiced recently, the knowledge will be outdated after 2 years. As the author discussed, because the economic crisis, should we develop new thory about management to adapt the market? I think the issue is not only relvent to business school, but also to the extent to any other area. Although we need to catch up with the pace of time, we should also learn the basic study way in college, so that we can learn anything in the future.
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2010-1-6 23:55:51
本帖最后由 jinziqi 于 2010-1-6 23:57 编辑
The 33th Day putative 想象的
modus 方法
diminution 缩小
planetary 行星的
probe 探测
wobble 不稳定
terrestrial 陆地的
interval 间隔
The passage tells us an issue when astronomers were searching a putative planet but it turned out to be that there is no Vulcan to be found, however, the method they used is sound. Then, the author introduces some other methods and finds facts that are not surprising. In my point of view, astronomy is hard to research for which we cannot see everything directly, we can only use a great deal of complicated formula to get the light year between two planets.
错字 astronomy
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2010-1-7 18:54:45
The 34th Day -- Comment
ambivalence 矛盾情绪sordid 肮脏发臭的therapeutic 治病的scrutiny 详细审查introspection 反省toss 扔，掷impetus 推动力exhaustive 彻底详尽的astute 机敏的confess 承认fortuitous 偶然的vibrant 生机勃勃的eloquent 雄辩的nuptials the social event at which the ceremony of marriage is performedtumultuous 乱哄哄的
I think this article is really difficult for me to understand. Not only a lot of GRE words are confusing me, but also I can't get to the main idea. It seems like introducing some books. However, many people reckon marriage in the grave of love. After people married, their relationship will be changed a lot. They meet each other every day and live together. All dilemmas
will be passed through by their efforts. How will they spend the life of marriage peacefully is a hard task for all of us unless you decide to be alone all life. Only if you overcome difficulties and adapt the life can you enjoy a comfortable life. The most important is choosing the right one who can company with you.
错字
comfortable
grave
dilemma
every day
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2010-1-9 00:19:30
本帖最后由 jinziqi 于 2010-1-9 00:21 编辑
The 34th Day -- Feeling
I really want to say something about my life recently which I have never experienced before. Getting up at 7 o'clock and going to bed at 12 o'clock. Sometimes, I even stay a whole day in the classroom which makes me really tired. What's worse, the final exams in next term are close to GRE which is on the Jun 12th. However, GRE is not the destination, there will be lots of assignments right after final exams. Could it be worse? I can't imagine how to scramble through all hurdles in this year.
By the way, today's article is so looong and difficult that I even could not understand the first sentence because most words cannot be recognized. All in all, I will do it with a longer time when I recover from the past continued terrible days.
Good Luck!:)
Wrong words
continue
past not passed
worse not more worse
recover v.
recovery n.
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2010-1-9 22:19:19
The 35th DAY -- Comment
discredited cause to be distrusted or disbelieved
culpable 有罪的
expedient a means to an end
maxims a saying that is widely accepted on its own merits 格言 普遍真理
cunning 狡猾的 = crafty 狡诈的
falsehood 谎言
intrigue 引起…极大兴趣
ephemeral 短暂的
scaffold 脚手架
despised look down on with disdain
Machiavellian 为达目的而耍手段阴谋的
guillotine 断头台
fraternity a social club for male undergraduates
massacres the savage and excessive killing of many people
intervention 插入;介入
precedent 先例
iniquity 邪恶不公正之举
reign 统治
audacity 大胆
finessing subtly skillful handling of a situation
ceases put an end to a state or an activity
impartial 公平的
tamper 篡改；干预
tribunal 法庭
circumspect 审慎的
chivalrous 骑士精神的
regime 政权
mire 泥沼；困境
devoid 空的
satiated 饱足的
preservative 有保护能力的
confide 吐露
probity 正直
swerve 突然改变方向
colossal 巨大的
atheism 无神论
conduces 导致
calf 牛犊
omnipotent 全能的
succumb 屈从
Itis possible that people will end by recognizing that in public as inprivate life honesty is the most effective and the most skilful policy.
What is more, there has ceased to be any necessity for a policy of this sort in modern societies.
Apolicy based upon immorality is antiquated and unworthy of modernsociety; it pre-supposes contempt for humanity, and an antagonism thatought not to exist between those who govern and those who are governed.
To change the persons composing the political world would be insufficient, unless a moral reform be affected at the same time.
Welack reasonableness at the present day;our brains are disordered; ourgood sense, a quality that used to be particularly distinctive of theFrench, has been affected by innumerable philosophical, economical, andpolitical sophisms that reach us from Germany,Italy, England, the East,and even from India.
I have to say that this article indeed helps me a lot in reciting GREwords. Most new words are GRE words, which I don't know. Well, thistopic is so profound that it is beyond my understanding which isrelated to politics and history.
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2010-1-11 00:36:27
just come back from classroom...…
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2010-1-11 23:59:51
The 37th DAY
again, all the day, in the classroom, only one meal...
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2010-1-12 19:45:23
The 38th DAY -- CommentIlliberal politics
America's unjust sex laws
New words
harsh 粗糙的 严厉的
oft 常常
horrific 可怕的
repetition 重复 循环
paedophile 恋童癖患者
entice 诱惑
convict 证明..有罪
penalty 处罚
ratchet 棘轮
consensual 在双方同意下成立的
indecent offensive to good taste especially in sexual matters
prosecutor a government official who conducts criminal prosecutions on behalf of the state
mugshot 脸部照片
harassed annoy continually or chronically
congregate 聚集
staggering so surprisingly impressive as to stun or overwhelm
tabloid sensationalist journalism
我不认识的词总是这么多...
Good sentences
In their grief, the parents started a petition请愿书, demanding that families should be told if a sexual predator moves nearby. In no time at all, lawmakers in New Jersey granted their wish.
Individual American politicians have great latitude回旋余地 to propose new laws.
The number keeps growing partly because in several states registration is for life and partly because registries are not confined to the sort of murderer who ensnared Megan Kanka.
My Comment
The passage is talking about whether the law is suitable or not. According to the law, every sex-offender will register his name, photograph and address online so that parents could get the information to protect their children. However, even if the murderer wrote true address, he could also move to any other places to live in secret. It is still dangerous for the neighborhood.
On the other hand, if the murderer is set free and decides to behave as a good person who will not break the law forever, the law as the passage said will have some bad effect on him. People around will try to stay away from him when they meet on the street. No one will talk to him and it is so hard for him to get along with someone due to his previous crime.
To sum, the law should be improved. It makes me think of a kind of disease which will not be public to everyone however we may be ill too.
Wrong words
also
true
disease
register
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2010-1-13 19:19:22
The 39th DAY -- CommentEducation: The Great Evasion
New words
swelling the undulating movement of the surface of the open sea
chorus any utterance produced simultaneously by a group
hollow not solid; having a space or gap or cavity
protestant the Protestant churches and denominations collectively
clergymen a member of the clergy and a spiritual leader of the Christian Church
pastor 牧师
suspend 暂时剥夺...的权利
cult 狂热崇拜
scrutiny 详细审查
mockery 嘲笑
fictitious 假的
tenet 信念
falsify 篡改
gadget 小机械
mildew the process of becoming mildewed
sovereign a nation's ruler or head of state usually by hereditary right
hermetic 秘术的
countersign
extracurricular 课外的
blasphemy 亵渎
preach deliver a sermon
Good sentences and main idea
Modern education is nothing more than one gigantic evasion.
education is preparation for the 'good life', but neither the word 'good' nor the word 'life' is given any content.
Man is a romantic creature destined to walk the road of evolution 'more and more unto the perfect day.'
The realm of education may be like a field within a farm: it may cultivate a special crop. But the crop must still serve the purpose of the whole farm.
If God is the sovereign fact of life, God is the sovereign fact for education.
Season according to taste.
You must fight for the rights of the child, and hundreds of educators were still inspired to take up the cry.
My comment
It is necessary to discuss about the way to educate around the world. The passage talks about the purpose of the education. As Harvard's James Bryant Conant said, education is preparation for the good life. However, I have already been received education for almost 15 years, and I really can't believe that I will have a bright future, for example, enough salary can make me to have enough money to buy a comfortable house to live in and to enjoy delicious food whenever I want. The number of graduates keeps growing every year and the opportunity of finding a suitable job is becoming smaller and smaller.
作者: 溺水鱼 时间: 2010-1-14 11:32:50
提示: 作者被禁止或删除 内容自动屏蔽
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2010-1-15 00:03:32
The 40th Day --
Today, finally, I finish the term and begin to spend winter holiday. I will study how to write a wonderful issue and argument. Also, I will practice reading, listening, and speaking.
Looking back the past days, it is really hard. But it makes me believe that I can do it. So, I believe I will continue studying on vacation without companion.
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2010-1-15 23:38:08
The 41st Day -- Comment Technology
Google Ends China Self-Censorship Policy, Threatens Exit
This piece of news makes me astonished. I used to visit g.cn/music to download songs with high quality, go to Google Translate to understand foreign languages, concern what is happening by Google Reader, and connect with my friends with Gmail. Actually, Google has been spent a long difficult time in China under the control of Chinese Government. Any kinds of media, such as news on TV and newspaper often publish that Google is not safe for the reason that the search result is harmful to children, which I disagree. I reckon the government makes too much limitation on the Internet to conceal the truth. As a member of Chinese, we have the right to know everything about the past and what is happening. Another unacceptable thing is that every industry often tries to conceal the truth as long as possible, and when the news is published, it must be the past at least 2 days before.
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2010-1-16 21:58:18
The 42nd Day -- Comment
menial 仆人的
sexism 性别歧视
modicum 少量
invasion 入侵
intervention 介入
Demand for female brains is helping to alleviate some of these problems.
Nowadays, there are a lot of superwomen who are successful in hercareer and holding a family. The number is growing and will surpass theman because there will be 2.6m more female than male universitystudents in America. However, it is difficult to balance career and afamily for women. Sometimes, the majority cannot get the both.Actually, in the real working environment, women often can't get thedeserved esteem. The highest position and thesignificant work often belong to the man for no reason why women can'tdo. Also, there is discrimination on women who may be pregnant. Theywill have rest at home at least 2 months with salary paid which may bea small lose for a company.
Wrong words
surpass
alleviate
environment
esteem
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2010-1-17 23:59:06
The 43th Day -- Comment debate
belligerent 交战的
foolhardy 有勇无谋的
impudent 鲁莽的
regime 政权
compunction 内疚
quell 制止，用武力镇压
prelude 序幕
However, the argument in favor of military action is not about what is preferred but rather about what might be necessary.
Tactically speaking, use of military force in the case of Iran could also backfire.
To be honest, it takes me a long time to read this article for I am notinterested in. Although I hope the world can be peace forever, therealways be issues between any nations. How to solve the issue of Iranand whether the government should bomb Iran's nuclear facilities or notis the main discussion. I believe diplomatists can solve the difficult issue by diplomatic methods.
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2010-1-18 17:08:48
The 44th Day -- Comment
deplore 对…表达悲痛
illiterate
a person unable to read
integrated
make into a whole or make part of a whole
When the National Conference of Christians and Jews asked George Zook what to do about it, he thought at first that the question was "too hot a potato" for his powerful but conglomerate American Council on Education.
为什么在word里被划了绿线…
In many state-operated schools, religion is as unmentionable as syphilis was in Victorian parlors.
Schools should accept religion and the churches as a factor of social life, just as much as they do the waterworks.
The committee proposed to teach about religion, but not to teach religion itself, in the schools.
On all sides we see the disintegration of loyalties
My comment
Actually, I am ignorance about religion. If I have the opportunity to contact with someone who believes in one faith, I even don’t know how to respect his belief. So, as I see, the education of religion in schools is of great necessary.
And schools should accept those different people who have a variety of religions so that we can get along with them and have a better communication. As for religion itself, I don’t know which one to believe, the God or the Buddha. It may because I don’t know them well. Once I learn much more about them in their history and achievements, I will accept them.
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2010-1-19 21:17:50
The 45th Day -- Comment
plead 诚恳地请求
paltry 无价值的，琐碎的
smear 弄脏，玷污
mandate
counterpart 相对应的、具有相同功能和特点的人或物
sabotage destroy property or hinder normal operations
baptize administer baptism to
burlesque 讽刺或滑稽的戏剧
mediocre moderate to inferior in quality
wary 谨慎的
flourish 繁荣昌盛
Good sentences
Andy Warhol must be spinning in his grave.
If the virtue of the arts is their capacity to inspire economic activity, it’s not clear why they deserve special consideration over, say, restaurants or fashion designers.
Its first grant, for $100,000, went to the American Ballet Theater, a bequest which, according to the New York Herald Tribune, saved that institution from extinction.
In such a competitive, oversupplied environment, is a lack of funding really the primary reason that not every Midwestern dance troupe is thriving?
Now, it exists largely to reinforce the notion that musicals are somehow more inherently suited to nourishing the roots of our culture than sitcom pilots.
My comment
Nowadays, artists are hard to make money for the reason that if you want to hold a performance, you should spend a large amount of money at first. The passage is an introduction of the National Endowment for the Arts in America. As we can see, it helped a lot people in the past for supporting a large number of jobs and creating a great deal of economic activity. However, in such a competitive, oversupplied environment, a lack of funding is indeed a disadvantage, but it should not be the reason that not every Midwestern dance troupe is thriving.
PS 截止目前，写了2篇issue 1篇argue 死期不远，要努力追赶。。
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2010-1-20 14:37:34
The 46th Day -- Commentprobe 探索
pester annoy persistently
subordinate an assistant subject to the authority or control of another
trigger 引发；导致
psychiatry the branch of medicine dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders
legerdemain 欺骗的手法
manipulate influence or control shrewdly or deviously
elucidate 阐明；说明
a wish list of techniques needed to fundamentally improve understanding of the way the brain processes information
The advent of what is known as optogenetics has even captured popular attention because of its ability to alter animal behavior—one research group demonstrated how light piped into a mouse’s brain can drive it to turn endlessly in circles.
I have conducted many brain-stimulation treatments in psychiatry that suffered greatly from a lack of precision.
Most compelling, however, are experiments that have demonstrated the relevance of optogenetics to both basic science and medicine.
My comment
The article introduces a way how the brain processes information. While, optogenetics, a new technology, is successful for its ability to alter animal behavior and it provides insight into the numbingly complex circuitry of the mammalian brain. Then, a virus is proved to be succeed in delivering a light-sensitive gene into specific sets of mammalian neurons. So, it is possible to trigger a memory. As researches going on, the possibility becomes bigger to deploy deep-brain electrodes.
还有issue125继续改。。
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2010-1-21 20:31:16
The 47th DAY --Commentcopper 铜
laser 激光
coil 一圈
deterrent 威慑的
This could transform manufacturing by doing away with the need to use large, heavy presses to make goods ranging from cars to washing machines.
This is a piece of news of new technology about ELECTROMAGNETIC pulses (EMPs). It is used to shape and punch holes through industry's metallic heavyweight--steel. The traditional way, using a heavy press to bend metal, has some disadvantages for the reason that it will leave ragged, sharp tailings at the edges of the holes, which will increase production costs. On the contrary, an electromagnetic punch stamps its hole without tearing the metal. So, there will not be any burrs left behind and the hole will not get blunt. Further, scientists are developing it on the coil.
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2010-1-22 14:09:17
The 48th DAY --Comment
fonder having or displaying warmth or affection
probe 探索 (又出现一次,加深印象)
irreconcilable 不能妥协的
unscrupulous without scruples or principles
detest (强烈地)憎恶
assailed attack someone physically or emotionally
intersect 贯穿
integrity 正直
好句子啊~
"Absence makes the heart grow fonder." or "Out of sight, out of mind."
是不是一个是距离产生美，一个是眼不见，心不烦。。o(╯□╰)o
The truth is individuality and conformity are merely different sides of the same coin. We cannot have one without the other.
Although we were all born equal, we were all born different. Although we all share the same fears, feelings, and fancies, we express them differently. Although there may be little difference between one person and another, that little difference is VERY important.
Nietzsche quote, "You have your way. I have my way. As for the right way, the correct way, and the only way, it does not exist."
My comment
I do like this passage. It talks about conformity and individuality, and no one can live without another.
In China, you can see a lot of phenomena that people always catch up with others to do the same things such as taking part in the Party and dressing up the same style. Sometimes, it is called as a trend or even regarded as fashion, which I often pay less attention on. I don't like those fashionable things such as hair styles and popular stars, however, people will reckon that you are not easygoing and you are out, conforming the old too much and strange. On the other hand, I do except some new movies instead, which are hot for most people. I will go to the theater to enjoy 2012, Avatar, and so forth. Sometimes, I would like to watch a movie just at home.
So, I still believe that no one can live without the society. And I agree with the statement that we need to balance conformity with individuality. Also, the author stresses on a spiritual of question. We need to ask more questions about things to avoid the loss. In the mean time, you should ask yourself with the question whether you are living with integrity and practicing individuality by being true to yourself or not. We don't need to pay attention on what others think, just do ourselves.
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2010-1-23 22:31:14
The 49th DAY -- Comment
liquidity 资产流动性
bash 猛击
rancor 深仇（长期的怨恨）
devastation (尤指大面积的)毁灭，破坏
pact 协定
implicit 含蓄的
rein 缰绳；v 控制
subsidy 补助金
Well, this is again an economic article which contains many new words even terms which I have never known before. So, it increases the difficulty in understanding the meaning. Seeing from comments of yours, it seems that most people find it hard to understand with financial things. The passage is talking about the safety of a bank. During the past years, the pact between and the bank has changed a lot. I don't figure out what is the relationship between the policy of the bank and the society. I believe this is too complicated.
难道今天不是应该debate(⊙_⊙)？
作者: 银落 时间: 2010-1-23 22:33:55
赞一个。。
昨天刚从期末考试的魔爪下脱离。。现在才看到这么认真的帖。。加油。。~
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2010-1-23 22:47:44
69# 银落
嘿嘿 过奖~ 我会努力！
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2010-1-25 00:19:06
The 50th DAY
啊，转眼望去，已经50天了~ ↖(^ω^)↗
离机考也不远了~ 坚持！
今天的comment还没看多少
先贴上来几个生词吧
complacency the feeling you have when you are satisfied with yourself
notorious 臭名昭著的
sexism 尤指对女性的）性别歧视，性别偏见
呵呵 今天去economist逛了一下~ 找了找comment~
继续继续~
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2010-1-25 03:59:04
我只是想来纪念一下...睡去了...还要早起... 但愿我能爬起来...
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2010-1-25 16:43:53
The 51st DAY -- Comment Debate
NEW Words
complacency the feeling you have when you are satisfied with yourself
notorious 臭名昭著的
sexism (尤指对女性的)性别歧视，性别偏见
scrutiny 详细审查
vitriolic 尖酸刻薄的
proposition something offered for consideration or acceptance
quibble 吹毛求疵的反对意见
shabby 衣衫破烂的；
castrate to render impotent or deprive of vitality especially by psychological means
overbearing 专横独断的＝arrogant
portrayed to make a picture of
homophobia 对同性恋的憎恶
oppression （为了产生一致意见的）压迫
plague 使受灾祸
dismantled to strip of dress or covering : DIVEST
tantamount （在效果或价值上）与…相等的
perennial 终年永久的＝enduring
From the proposer's rebuttal remarks, I learned a lot model of sentences to express perspectives as the followings:
1. This debate is focus on women in the developed world and the general question of whether they are better off now than they have ever been.
2. The question we are here to discuss is whether women in developed countries today are better off than their mothers were.
3. I would not quibble with any of the evidence on women's pay, the struggle for equal pay for equal responsibilities in the workplace between men and women has a long way to run.
4. What do we mean by "never had it so good"?
5. Many working women today will have had an entirely different experience of the workplace from that of their mothers, some of whom may never have held down a full-time job.
6. This brings us to the nub of the debate: do women have a better opportunity today to realize their potential than they did in the past? I think the answer must be a resounding "yes".
7. We can all agree there are still too few women in politics, still too few in the most senior professional and management roles. But we should always take into consideration those women who do not choose this path in life.
From the opposition's rebuttal remarks, I also learned some good sentence.
1. The author/arguer makes several good points about the progress that women have made in the United States and other developed nations, and I appreciate his agreement that there is "still much work to be done". But I take issue with several of his specific arguments as well as his larger theme.
2. The assertion that women in power generally are met with respect, thus they "have nothing left to prove", is a gross overstatement.
3. These assessments might seem slight, but they contribute to women not being taken seriously in the workplace, in all industries and at all levels.
Well, as for me, I think the proposer's rebuttal remarks make me better understand. When I read the opposition's rebuttal remarks, I am really confused on the example that women's fundamental right to abortion. Just at the beginning of the passage, "They are granted a theoretical right to abortion only to see abortion clinics closed down." which I can't understand the meaning...
Looking at the surroundings around me, it is easy to see that women are much excellent than men. Women can often be the first, the second and the third in a class on grades. In addition, women seem more positive in taking part in all kinds of activities, while men often just sit in the dorm, playing computer games. Looking at the society, a growing number of women are working at different workplace to prove that they can do well as the same as men. I don't know why they do so. Some people maybe just enjoy the self-satisfaction. Some people may be willing to struggle with the work to make money. Some people may want to fight for the sexism to prove "Yes, we can!"
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2010-1-25 17:07:17
本帖最后由 jinziqi 于 2010-1-26 00:03 编辑
刚刚手机安了新的UC，第一个上的网站就是这个，来试试能不能发帖哈～
哈哈 很高兴 以上文字是用手机发的 yeah~
今天看了很多噼里啪啦的Issue 思考了很多
但接下来的时间不多了，我是不是该转战高频，天天计时了呢！~
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2010-1-26 11:46:32
The 52th Day -- Comment
heaps a great number or large quantity: LOT
chaotic lives
toil 辛苦工作
obesity a condition characterized by the excessive accumulation and storage of fat in the body
rack up : ACHIEVE, GAIN
spadework work done with a spade
nag 不断找岔、抱怨、责骂而产生烦恼
propaganda the spreading of ideas, information, or rumor for the purpose of helping or injuring an institution, a cause, or a person
guzzle 习惯性地狂饮 to drink greedily or habitually
trim （为了美观）修剪
Americans are more likely to be overweight than to pay federal income tax.
American women were no more likely to be obese in 2008 than they were nearly a decade before. For men, there was a small rise in obesity over the same period, but no change in the past three years. Among children, too, there was no change in obesity rates except among the very heaviest boys, whose numbers increased slightly. Could it be that the American obesity epidemic has reached a plateau?
The startling Republican victory in Massachusetts this week throws Barack Obama’s health reforms up in the air.
True enough, but the poor are disproportionately likely to be overweight.
My comment
It is this passage that makes me realize that the true reason why American are so fat. They are fat is not because they prefer beef or something else as we thought of. In fact, they are lazy so that they only pick up convenient things to eat such as pies and muffin to save time for money. It is no wonder that fast food such as Burger King and KFC is really popular there. But the difference is that American just drive to buy and take it away and we often sit down to eat just in the restaurant. However, if those who overweight or obesity could realize that they spend much more on medical bills than those people of normal weight, I guess they will pay more attention on eating habits. It is not worth to eat junk food every day to make money, and then pay back on medical bills.
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2010-1-27 16:28:19
The 53th DAY -- Comment
gusto an individual or special taste ; enthusiastic and vigorous enjoyment or appreciation
human genome 人类基因组
at long last adv. as the end result of a succession or process
herald 预兆
untenable 防守不了的；站不住脚的
Given its history of innovation, the health-care sector has been surprisingly reluctant to embrace information technology (IT).
But now, in fits and starts, medicine is at long last catching up.
Well, I think the convergence of biology and engineering is a pretty good idea. As the passages said, medicine is likely to be transformed by the introduction of electronic health records that can be turned into searchable medical databases. However, we can see that lots of obstacles are just in front of us. If inventors cannot show that they will produce better outcomes and offer value for money, health systems may not want to adopt new technologies. After we deal with all the problems, patients will get the most benefit.
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2010-1-28 21:00:39
The 54th DAY -- Comment
Art Upsets, Science Reassures
‘Art upsets, science reassures’ (Braque) Analyse and evaluate this claim. The difference between; reality and fantasy, an accurate representation of what is, and a brilliant orchestration of the mind, can often become blurred with the paintbrush of an artist. Yet, as Braque would surely agree, there are certain areas knowledge that only serve to reify (to regard (something abstract) as a material or concrete thing) our reality, saving us from delving into the fantastic chasm of questions arising from art. This specific area is of course science. One can often become lost in art, in a never ending series of inquiries as to how such a sculpture or painting could be physically possible. Although, science will reassure us as to what is possible and what will remain limited to a picture, or expression of thought or questioning. To evaluate Braque’s claim one must look to art, and the aspects thereof, that defy and upset nature and natural science. Next, the process by which science can reassure ‘what is’, as opposed to a representation of the artistic. And last, what the reassurance of science, as well as, the nature of art entail (to restrict (property) by limiting the inheritance to the owner's lineal descendants or to a particular class thereof) in their representational and informative nature. Art itself has proven throughout time to confuse many, all of the thoughts by the creators seem to be in the slightest way manipulative老于世故的 of that which every person would think scientifically so. Dance and the Theater, a place where art has flourished, is an example of how deceit欺骗 and manipulation have manifested themselves in an art form that is revered, and held to be a distinguishing skill; acting. Seeing the ghost of Oedipus come back to haunt his children, is something that is far beyond what anyone has experienced in reality, and instills in individuals a mystical image of what could be. Or, the people indigenous土产的 to North America performing dances in attempt to cause rain, and perhaps an occasional rainfall to follow, only serves to upset the theories of natural science. These are both examples of what art has done to upset the view that one has on the way things work. Not everyone sees their dead father return in a pale, luminescent mist to speak to them, yet, Shakespearean actors would make us think otherwise. It may be thought that this form of art would only serve as a method of human expression, and would actually be pure and true in revealing something about human nature, but this is not necessarily the case. This art form still is only a means to upset what natural science has supported extensively (e.g. that rain comes from processes that occur naturally and randomly). Confusion still comes about when the meteorology and earth sciences tell us that performing a dance has nothing to do with a rainstorm coming about. Furthermore, even if the intent of the art work is to reveal something about humans, or to deliver Stoll 2 any kind of message, the message might not necessarily be interpreted by the individual in the way it was intended. The social science of psychology tells us that each individual has a different perception of complex messages, such as those offered by a theatrical performance, only proving that the art has served as a way to upset a person’s interpretation by saying that it is wrong. Thus it is that a problem of knowledge when dealing with the arts is the interpretation of the arts by others though this form of art may be upsetting enough, there are still many illustrations to ponder and induce discomfort. Lionel Penrose developed a work of art that was and is constantly an upsetting image. This image was of the impossible staircase (appendix 1). This disturbing image, as based on our visual system, seems to be a constantly descending (or ascending) staircase. The would be end point reconvenes with the point at where we visually began, when tracking the staircase, and proceeds to ascend or descend another level, depending on how it is looked upon. Not only does this prove to be a physical impossibility, but a tedious chore for the mind. Everything that this staircase suggests defies reality, and goes against all that is known in the third dimension. The same is true for the impossible triangle (appendix 2), developed by Roger Penrose, son of Lionel. It is in a shape that makes it physically impossible to create in the three dimensional world. The beams of the triangle simultaneously appear to recede and come toward you. Yet, somehow, they meet in an impossible configuration! It is difficult to conceive how the various parts can fit together as a real three-dimensional object, and yet it exists in the art of humanity. Some would say that these works of art are explainable through dimensional theory and extensive analysis, but this still does not deny how upsetting the concepts these pictures present. The mere fact that you require such an explanation to understand these models only supports Braque’s position on art, and shows a problem surrounding the ways of knowing when it comes to the area of the arts. The explanation of arts is what we see as most reassuring, even if it takes a method that is not traditionally associated with the arts. Science is not usually in the forefront of one’s mind when viewing a work of art, yet there is explanation for some of art’s implications through science, and refutation of some of the implications of art, on reality. With the example of the impossible triangle, one could understand the reason behind why we interpret it as impossible, or what the constraints of our visual system have if it Stoll 3 is explained scientifically. The triangle exists in the second dimension, but when placed into the third dimension (which is what our brains try to do once it is viewed) simply cannot happen when realistically applied. Moreover, our visual system is constrained by how it interprets two-dimensional pictorial images into three-dimensional mental representations. It is with the help of such constraints that your visual system assigns depth to each point in an image. Furthermore, it is more important for your visual system to adhere to these constraints than to violate them because you have encountered something that is paradoxical, unusual, or inconsistent. It would lead to biological disaster if you were blind to the unusual, inconsistent, or paradoxical (Seckel). This kind of scientific explanation shows the reassurance that only can be offered by science itself, rather than a confusing image produced by an artist. Not only is the science of biology part of this explanation, but dimensional theory as well. Another example of science’s reassurance can come with experimentation. When Sir Isaac Newton sat beside an apple tree, and was struck by a falling apple; we see today, when we are holding an object, then let go when there is nothing between it and the ground but five feet of unoccupied space, we see the scientific support for the theory of gravity. This kind of reassurance is exactly what Braque is suggesting art cannot definitively support, due to the processes that science endures it is seen as a more legitimate and trustworthy method of assurance. Although art may upset, and science may reassure, this does not necessarily imply that one could do the other and vice versa. The paintings that come from Latina artist Frida Khalo are self portraits that do not romanticize her image at all. She shows herself to be just as she was, with ridged facial features, and even facial hair. Or, Pablo Picasso’s early works; violent depiction’s of war in his time. It is this kind of art that reassures people of a reality, that she was not an overwhelmingly attractive female, or that war was a place of sorrow and death, not victory and triumph. Again there is the issue of perception on behalf of the person viewing this art, and how they interpret the work. Though, with art of this nature, one does not have to deal with metaphors, or abstract concepts, the picture is straight forward, telling what is, not what is subjective. As for science, there is an ever present tendency to have an occasion where the theories are indescribably upsetting. It has been my personal experience that quantum physics will offer Stoll 4 many explanations with extraordinarily complex, and/or incomplete justification. How can I really be right here, and over there all at the same time? Quantum physics holds the answer that most likely does have justification, yet, that justification is not entirely useful or valid. The views on art only further prove its subjectivity, and how it can never be as reassuring as science. From the Native people of Bali who claim not to have art at all, that they merely try to do things the best they can, and not toil with the unnecessary troubles of art, to the masters of the Japanese Noh, a drama that is entirely dependent on music as well as choreography (two examples of representational art). There is a wide variety of opinion and lack of continuity regarding artistic concepts, yet science seems to find a way to transcend this subjectivity. The notions of eastern scientists, regarding the geometry as not absolute, but rather an intellectual construction holds true with such teachings as that of Ashvaghosh (an ancient Buddhist teacher) of space being a mode of particularization and how it exists only in relation to our particularizing consciousness (Capra). Science can reassure because its axioms exist in nature, where art will eternally be left up to individual interpretation. Braque does indeed show us how art can truly be upsetting, while leaving the reassurance to a reliable natural given that we find in science.
还没点进帖子，一看大海发的，一阵慌…看了以后，这不就是那篇issue么~ 176."The function of science is to reassure; the purpose of art is to upset. Therein lies the value of each." 我终于明白题目是什么意思了！哈还看了下大海的文章~
Science can indeed make human being reassured. Scientists can predict what the weather will be with the development of meteorology and they can also sometimes prevent the rain by techniques. People see the leaves falling down without surprising because they know the theory of gravity and they even can calculate the speed. Mechanics help human beings build the mansion which can support not only the weight of quantities of people but also lots of furniture, sometimes it can survive from the earthquake. However, people cannot deny that science cannot always make people reassured.
As for the art, it is because the function is to upset the science that it is called the art. The art is creative, brand new. Artists can paint illusionary pictures which are not possible according to the science, but you will be astonished for sure. The art just represents fantasy.
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2010-1-29 22:18:25
The 55th DAY
今天的comment的我读了，但是很难写出什么。。泪。感觉很难懂。虽然有些词都认识。。
由于时日不多了，我还是先争取多写点高频吧。。
最近研究了一下argument。看了argument就应该这样写（一）（二）很受启发。
又看了看官方的范文，那里的题不是题库里的题？commentary让人更明白怎么才能得高分。
要找出主要的逻辑错误，具有攻击性的，深入分析，它因阐述得越具体越好。
抓紧时间吧！
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2010-1-30 22:46:37
The 56th DAY --
又过去一天。。呜呜
ISSUE 继续！ 加油！
看了好多精华呵呵
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2010-1-31 22:53:46
The 57th DAY --
嗯，打算闭关。。
倒计时中。
作者: splendidsun 时间: 2010-2-1 16:04:26
谢谢哈~~一起加油！
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2010-2-1 23:29:03
The 58th DAY --
Finding a better way to develop an issue and organize it more reasonable.
It is hard but only to rush.
In the mean time, looking for logical errors.
Fighting!
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2010-2-2 23:53:46
The 59th DAY --
嗯，今天。。模考啦！哈感觉字数上还可以，放在word纠正了一下单词拼写，逻辑上暂时没来得及深入思考。
改了之前的argument3，看了很多argument的经典评论。包括各位版主过去拍的大家的习作，还有他们的范文。实在赞啊~ 都笔记下来了~
还思考了良久66帮我评的issue，看来写好一篇issue好难好难啊。。
唔，对了，最近都没有时间comment了……唉
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2010-2-4 08:14:02
The 60th DAY --
呃，总结一下昨天，哇，起这么早。。好不容易呵呵睡得就挺晚。。
issue还是没有明白怎么写。。呜呜。。
刚刚抢到了落落斑的铺子哈~
继续加油！
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2010-2-4 23:49:35
The 61th DAY --
发现虽然早起了但是晚上就很没效率了。。可能因为出了点事一直忙别的。。
导致我现在还没有再继续。。
不过上午下午学的都还行~ ;-)
哈哈~
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2010-2-5 19:46:36
The 62nd DAY --
哇 一上来怎么全是茶叶蛋炒饭。。
唉 一天没学习。。现在开始。。~~~~(>_<)~~~~
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2010-2-7 00:11:09
The 63th DAY --
今天是小年~ 呵呵:)
冲刺。。
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2010-2-7 23:50:30
The 64th DAY --
今天状态终于有所恢复。。
自己改了2篇issue。。argue都有点顾不过来了。。
issue还是差很远的。。
每日一例给了我很大启发 哈哈 J.D.Salinger; the Catcher in the Rye;
加油把这些名词背下来！！
话说最近为啥没有看到机经。。
作者: happy牧羊 时间: 2010-2-8 00:19:49
你的日记写的 真牛！！！
加油！！
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2010-2-8 23:26:25
90# happy牧羊
呵呵 O(∩_∩)O谢谢 你也加油！
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2010-2-8 23:29:07
The 65th Day --
唉:-(越来越没有状态。。呼唤草木啊。。快上刑场了。。
感觉要是真抽个杯具题目我就死那了。。。
脑袋空空。。~~~~(>_<)~~~~
阿狗丢下好几天了。。一直在弄issue。。
不知所措。。
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2010-2-9 22:51:13
The 66th DAY --
继续呼唤草木大斑~~
今天一次模考。不过真是不咋地。。后来改了半天。。思维混乱。。呜呜
阿狗捡起来了。^_^
熟悉题库去！！
作者: 草木也知愁 时间: 2010-2-9 22:52:21
恩。。。等明天上班之后再说吧 今天晚上笔记本电源没带回来 电池撑不住
作者: pluka 时间: 2010-2-9 23:00:30
加油~~~~~~~~！
作者: Stefana 时间: 2010-2-10 00:26:20
jinziqi小孩不错，继续加油。
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2010-2-11 00:44:40
The 67th DAY--
先赞下Stefana的签名~ ^_^
今天明白了自己文章的大问题！！要努力去克服。在真正考试的时候，要尽量去一环扣一环的论述，时时刻刻记得我在证明什么。
其次，在思路上貌似没什么可以挽救的了，累积的知识也就如今这些了。接下来要把他们都背下来，不要拼错了~我就满意了。。
最后。。嘿嘿 留在考试以后说吧~
作者: 海王泪 时间: 2010-2-11 00:49:34
J～加油！！相信你一定可以的！！！
作者: cjlu 时间: 2010-2-11 17:08:20
加油加油^^
作者: jinziqi 时间: 2010-2-13 00:08:40
哇 眼看已经盖下了100楼。真是很不容易~
机经已经报到了相应的地方。特意记了半天第二个issue是啥~
一路走来，与寄托常相伴~温暖的大家庭 ^_^
今后还会常来~ 感谢各位！
作者: xiemeng2370 时间: 2010-2-13 00:11:25
101# jinziqi
真羡慕你！呵呵~我这个春节都栽在AW上了~你可以好好玩玩了吧~北京开了不少新庙会呢！
作者: 海王泪 时间: 2010-2-13 00:40:40
解放了的孩子～～羡慕啊～～
喂～没事练阅读时遇到好材料记住赶紧来打救仍处于水深火热当中的其他同学哈～
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