51.The following appeared in a medical newsletter.
"[E1]Doctors have long suspected that secondary infections may keep some
patients from healing quickly after severe muscle strain. This hypothesis
has now been proved by preliminary results of a study of two groups of
patients. [E2.1]The first group of patients, all being treated for muscle
injuries by Dr. Newland, a doctor who specializes in sports medicine, took
antibiotics regularly throughout their treatment. Their recuperation time
was, on average, 40 percent quicker than typically expected. [E2.2]Patients in
the second group, all being treated by Dr. Alton, a general physician,
were given sugar pills, although the patients believed they were taking
antibiotics. Their average recuperation time was not significantly
reduced. [C]Therefore, all patients who are diagnosed with muscle strain
would be well advised to take antibiotics as part of their treatment."
In this argument, the author made a conclusion that all patients who are diagnosed with muscle strain would be well advised to take antibiotics as part of their treatment. To substantiate this inference, the author also quote supporting evidence indicating that doctors suspected that secondary infections affect some patients form healing after severe muscle strain, and given two group of patients first of which were treated by Dr. Newland to took antibiotics regularly throughout their treatment, second of which were treated by Dr. Alton was believed they were taking antibiotics instead of sugar pills actually. The first group showed a faster recovery than the second group of patients. At first glance, the argument might be appealing, but close scrutiny reveals that it contains several unconvincing assumptions and is consequently unpersuasive.
Fist of all, the article did not give further study of the relationship between severe muscle strain and secondary infections, which might not be the main reason to stop patients from healing quickly. Without present the ration of secondary infections to severe muscle strain, we could not infer whether secondary infections has something to do with severe muscle strain without the further study has been given. To help those patients to have a better recovery from severe muscle strain, we should focus on the key point of the injury, and do our best to keep them from infections.
As this article mentioned, the doctor of the first group is specializes in sports medicine, who might have better measures to help those muscle strain patients than the general physician of
the second group, so that these two group is lack of comparability. Additionally, not until the age, agenda, health situation and other factors which might affect the recovery of patients has given and make it comparable, the author has drawn a conclusion too hastily. Moreover, as we all know, with good care, secondary infections are avoidable. In that case, those patients won’t need to sacrifice their bodies to face the side effect of antibiotics.
Otherwise, author failed to weigh the advantage and disadvantage thoroughly. Since we mentioned before, antibiotics have side effects and some people might get allergy by it, and as far as I am concerned, if antibiotics has been used too many times, germs will get mutation, so that it will lost its effect. Compared with some serious disease or big surgery which will need antibiotics to fight infections, muscle strain is not really a fatal wound. Doctors should think it over to safe this medicine until it is high time to use it in order to saving their lives.
To sum up, the conclusion lacks of credibility. The author has overlooked or chosen to ignore many respects of the facts like side effect or comparability. To strengthen the conclusion, the author need do some further study and give more evidence about the possibilities mentioned above.作者: snowsguoguo 时间: 2010-1-29 21:14:34
本帖最后由 snowsguoguo 于 2010-1-30 13:08 编辑
第二小组 第三次作业
ISSUE:28
ARGUMENT:53
28. "Students should memorize facts only after they have studied the ideas, trends, and concepts that help explain those facts. Students who have learned only facts have learned very little."
学生们在记忆知识的时候应该先学习有助于解释那些知识的理念、潮流和概念。仅仅死学知识的学生是学不到什么东西的。(教育类）
提纲：
*一些基本知识没有必要刻意理解
*但是许多知识如果不去理解而只是背诵就没有意义
*学会理解可以帮助学生学会如何思考 think critically ,to be able to analyze facts and to make sound judgment
I partially agree with the author that in most cases student should memorize facts after they have studied the ideas, trends, and concepts that help explain those facts.It is true that student who have learned only facts could only have learned the surface of facts.One propose of education is to helping people understand the profound meaning of facts.If learn the ideas,trend,and concepts behind the facts is a way to understand and helping people to make creation and improvement ,just learning facts and memorize it is only a transmission from book to brain which changed nothing and can be forgotten in no time.
Although there is still some facts we can not easily tell what meaning it is.Like the alphabet which is hard to tell the origin or meaning of a letter to a baby or some foreigner.Moreover people still can not figure out why one plus one equals two.Otherwise, when you learning some foreign language,there is a lot of habit of phrase make no sense to you.
Though sometimes people have to remember meaningless thing,there is also a lot of facts better be memorized after studied the truth behind it.It's quite easy to remember the laws of motion without understand,but when it's just some letter on a papper,it become useless.
By studing the truth behind the facts,students learned a way to thinking and gaining useful perspectives and thoughts.It's like give one a loaf of bread can't let him stay away from hungry,but teaching him to hunt can really make him able to take care of himself.The propose of education is to helping people develop their understanding and learn how to think critically to be able to analyze facts and to make sound judgment.
To sum up, in a blank facts are meaningless, and only by fill it with thoughts can students learn. To make a conclusion,students should not only memorize the facts but also remember the ideas, trends and concepts.
53. Thirteen years ago, researchers studied a group of 25 infants who showed signs of mild distress when exposed to unfamiliar stimuli such as an unusual odor or a tape recording of an unknown voice. They discovered that these infants were more likely than other infants to have been conceived in early autumn, a time when their mothers' production of melatonin-a hormone known to affect some brain functions-would naturally increase in response to decreased daylight. In a follow-up study conducted earlier this year, more than half of these children-now teenagers-who had shown signs of distress identified themselves as shy.
Clearly, increased levels of melatonin before birth cause shyness during infancy and this shyness continues into later life.
13年前，研究者研究了一组在受到不熟悉的刺激比如不寻常的气味和未知声音的录音时表现出轻微紧张的25名婴儿。他们发现这些婴儿比其他婴儿更可能在早秋怀孕，而早秋是他们的母亲分泌的melatonin--一种已知会影响一些大脑功能的荷尔蒙--因日照的减少而增加的季节。在今年早些时候所作的跟踪调查中，这些表现出紧张迹象的儿童--现在已经是十几岁--有一半以上认为自己害羞。显然，出生前melatonin的增加导致婴儿期的羞涩并且这种羞涩将延续至生命更晚的阶段。
In this argument, the author made a conclusion that increased levels of melatonin before birth cause shyness during infancy and this shyness continues into later life.To substantiate this inference ,the author also quote supporting evidence indicating that these infants were more likely than other infants to have been conceived in early autumn, a time when their mother's' production of melatonin - a hormone known to affect some brain functions -would naturally increase in response to decreased daylight. At first glance, the argument might be tolerably reasonable,but close perlustration reveals that it contains several unconvincing assumptions and is consequently unpersuasive.
First of all,the article provides no evidence that survey's respondents are representative of the overall group of people who have been conceived in early autumn.This survey just studied the very group of infants conceived in the autumn 13 years ago,so that the conclusion may not suitable for all infant conceived in early autumn.Otherwise,25 is not a big number for all human being to be represented(represent).Lacking such evidence, it is wholly possible that other infants could not been affected by the increased levels of melatonin then(and) cause shyness during infancy and continue to be shy.In one word,without better evidence that the survey is statistically reliable the author cannot rely ont it to draw and rigid conclusions.
The author also overlooks the possibility that one or more factors other than the family background or the surrounding of school were instead of being (instead) responsible for shyness.In addition,author did not point out the direct reason for melatonin to cause the shyness of children.Without considering and ruling out these and other factor that might have served to the shyness of children,the author cannot justifiably conclude that the increased levels of melatonin before birth cause their shyness.
In illustrating the assumption,the author commits a fallacy of hasty generalization.The author cites their signs of mild distress when exposed to unfamiliar stimuli such as an unusual odor or a tape recording of an unknown voice to prove these infants are shy,however,unfamiliar stimuli is not a good indication of shyness. Additionally,new born baby ought to be intense about the new strange thing ,all of us may, and mid distress is not a(an) irregular reaction when they first met it.Without contracting(contract) them with other infants,author cannot draw a conclusion that these infants are shy.
Another problem involves is that the author fails to give a clear definition of melatonin.Thus we could not evaluate if the effect of melatonin only occur to mothers instead(in stead) of infants.Otherwise, without profound examination of it ,author cannot hasty concludes that melatonin is responsible for shyness of infants.
To sum up,the conclusion lacks of credibility.The author has overlooked or chosen to ignore many respects of the facts.To strengthen the conclusion,the author should give more evidence about the possibilities mentioned above.作者: gantian 时间: 2010-1-30 11:00:58
In this argument, the author made a conclusion that increased levels of melatonin before birth cause shynessduring infancy and this shyness continues into later life. Tosubstantiate this inference ,the author also quote supporting evidenceindicating that these infants were more likely thanother infants to have been conceived in early autumn, a time when theirmother's' production of melatonin - a hormone known to affect some brainfunctions -would naturally increase in response to decreased daylight.At first glance, the argument might be tolerably reasonable, but closeperlustration reveals that it contains several unconvincing assumptions and isconsequently unpersuasive.[开头段的模板太明显，呵呵标注出来的部分是完全复制的题目，感觉把题目转述出来比直接复制好]
First of all, the article provides noevidence that survey's respondents are representative of the overall group ofpeople who have been conceived in early autumn. This survey just studied thevery group of infants conceived in the autumn 13 years ago, so that theconclusion may not suitable for all infant conceived in early autumn. Otherwise,25 is not a big number for all human being to be represent[represented]. Lacking suchevidence, it is wholly possible that other infants could not been affected bythe increased levels of melatonin and cause shyness during infancy andcontinue to be shy.[这部分的连续两个and看起来有些拗口，换个句式？哈哈不过我也想不出咋换] In one word, without betterevidence that the survey is statistically reliable the author cannot rely on itto draw and rigid conclusions.
The author also overlooks the possibilitythat one or more factors other than the family background or the surrounding ofschool were instead[were instead？这个用法似乎有点奇怪，要么改成were instead of being]responsible for shyness. In addition, author did not point out the directreason for melatonin to cause the shyness of children. [这里的direct reason for melatonin to cause the shyness不知道是攻击的什么？]Without consideringand ruling out these and other factor that might have served to the shyness ofchildren, the author cannot justifiably conclude that the increased levels ofmelatonin before birth cause their shyness.
In illustrating the assumption, the authorcommits a fallacy of hasty generalization. The author cites their signs of milddistress when exposed to unfamiliar stimuli such as an unusual odor or a taperecording of an unknown voice to prove these infants are shy, however, unfamiliarstimuli is not a good indication of shyness. Additionally, new born baby oughtto be intense about the new strange thing, all of us may, and mid distress isnot a[an]irregular reaction when they first met it. Without contract[contracting] them with otherinfants, author cannot draw a conclusion that these infants are shy.
Another problem involves is that the authorfails to give a clear definition of melatonin. Thus we could not evaluate ifthe effect of melatonin only occur to mothers in stead[instead] of infants. Otherwise,without profound examination of it, author cannot hasty concludes thatmelatonin is responsible for shyness of infants.
To sum up, the conclusion lacks ofcredibility. The author has overlooked or chosen to ignore many respects of thefacts. To strengthen the conclusion, the author should give more evidence aboutthe possibilities mentioned above.
第二小组 第四次作业
ISSUE:212"If a goal is worthy, then any means taken to attain it is justifiable."
只要值得，不择手段达到目的是合理的 (现实和理想)作者: snowsguoguo 时间: 2010-1-30 13:09:53
本帖最后由 snowsguoguo 于 2010-2-5 22:58 编辑
第四次作业 A45
45. The following appeared as an editorial in a wildlife journal."Arctic deer live on islands in Canada's arctic region. They search for food by moving over ice from island to island during the course of a year. Their habitat is limited to areas warm enough to sustain the plants on which they feed, and cold enough, at least some of the year, for the ice to cover the sea separating the islands, allowing the deer to travel over it. Unfortunately, according to reports from local hunters, the deer populations are declining. Since these reports coincide with recent global warming trends that have caused the sea ice to melt, we can conclude that the decline in arctic deer populations is the result of deer being unable to follow their age-old migration patterns across the frozen sea."
[Evidence 1]
According to reports from local hunters, the deer populations are declining.
[Evidence 2]
These reports coincide with recent global warming trends
[Deduction 1]
Ice between islands has disappeared because of global warming
[Conclusion]
The populations of arctic deer is decline because of they cannot cross the unfrozen sea to find food.
攻击：
[Evidence 1] 来源不可靠 样本选择有问题 猎人的活动时间、范围和习惯会影响他们事后能看见鹿 弱攻击
[Evidence 2] => [Deduction 1]
a.不能确定全球变暖是否影响了特定地区
b.温室效应引起气候极端变化 不止包括变热还包括变冷 鹿可能是因食物不生长而饿死而不是因为不能跨越岛屿
（自维基百科 两极冰山崩塌，欧洲、美洲近极地的地方温度会迅速下降（因冰溶化有溶化比潜热，大量冰同时溶化会吸取大量能量以作溶化之用，所以近极地的地方温度会迅速下降），会严重影响当地生态系统，造成不可逆的变化。=>而本题的加拿大就是美洲近极地地区哦~哈哈
Lisa Simpson:"Global warming can cause weather at both extremes --hot and cold." ---from The Simpsons Season 21 Episode 8.）
c.即使气温上升无法迁徙也无法导致鹿的死亡 可能升温后食物更加丰富而改变觅食习惯
[Evidence 1] + [Evidence 2] => [Conclusion] 同时发生不为因果；即使数量下降也可能因为其他原因如过量捕杀
In this argument,the author made a conclusion that the populations of arctic deer is decline because of they cannot cross the unfrozen sea to find food.To substantiate this inference , the author also quote supporting evidence indicating that local hunters reports the declining of the populations and these reports coincide with recent global warming trends.At first glance, the argument might be appealing,but close perlustration reveals that it contains several unconvincing assumptions and is consequently unpersuasive.
One major problem is about the sample the author studied in the survey.The author only considered the reports from local hunters which cannot give sufficient representativeness.The domain of arctic deer might moved to another place and hunter did not notice that,so that from the reports of hunter we could only infer that those deers may ** in an irregular way.Without ruling out all the possibilities above, the author could not make any general conclusion about the populations of arctic deer merely based on local hunters' report.
In illustrating the assumption that the variation of arctic deer living habits the author commits a fallacy of hasty generalization.The author cites recent global warming to prove the linking ice between islands of Canada's arctic region has melted and the habitat of arctic deer has been separated so that deers cannot travel over it to find food,however,global warming is not a good indication of deers' activity.First of all,author did not point out that whether global warming has affected specific region.There may be a chance that the temperature in north Canada still remains in regular.Even assuming that these area has become warmer , plants on these islands might grown better in order to feed arctic deer ,and in that case deers no longer need to transmit from islands to islands to be fed on.Otherwise,global warming can cause weather at both extremes,hot and cold,and if those islands in north Canada become colder the declined populations of arctic deer may because of lacking of food instead of not able to cross the islands on frozen lands.In short,the author ought to make careful and clear differentiation between global weather variation and local weather variation before we could evaluate if the inference that the declined populations of arctic deer is because of global warming is justified.
The author unfairly assumes that it is the reports of local hunters of population declining and recent global warming two of which happens in the same period that resulted in the populations of arctic deer declined.But we can find no concrete evidence to substantiate the inevitable relationship between these reports and global warming.The author only points out that the two events occurred during the same period,however,we all know that merely a coincidence of two events could not sufficiently demonstrate a causal relationship between them.Many other factors could also lead to the result, and without ruling out such factors,we could not be convinced that the global warming is the actual cause of number declining of arctic deers.
To sum up,the conclusion lack of credibility.The author has overlooked or chosen to ignore many respects of the facts.To strengthen the conclusion,the author should give more evidence about the possibilities mentioned above.作者: snowsguoguo 时间: 2010-1-30 13:10:49
留空作者: snowsguoguo 时间: 2010-2-1 20:10:36
本帖最后由 snowsguoguo 于 2010-2-5 22:57 编辑
第五次作业 A238
238.The following appeared in a memorandum from the president of Mira
Vista College to the college's board of trustees.
"At nearby Green Mountain College, which has more business courses and
more job counsellors than does Mira Vista College, 90 percent of last
year's graduating seniors had job offers from prospective employers. But
at Mira Vista College last year, only 70 percent of the seniors who
informed the placement office that they would be seeking employment had
found full-time jobs within three months after graduation, and only half
of these graduates were employed in their major field of study. To help
Mira Vista's graduates find employment, we must offer more courses in
business and computer technology and hire additional job counselors to
help students with their resumes and interviewing skills."
[Evidence 1]
G College has more business courses and more job counsellors than does M College.
[Evidence 1.1] G has more business courses than M.
[Evidence 1.2]
G has more job counsellors than M.
[Evidence 2.1]
90 percent of las year's graduating seniors had job offers from prospective employers in G College.
[Evidence 2.2]
70 percent of the seniors who informed the placement office that they would be seeking employment had found full-time jobs within three months after graduation and only half of these graduates were employed in their major field of study in M College.
[Deduction 1] G' graduates is better than M' in finding jobs
[Measure 1]
To help M's graduates, we must offer more courses in business and computer technology
[Measure 1.1]
offer more courses in business
[Measure 1.2]
offer more courses in computer technology
[Measure 2]
and hire additional job counsellors to help students with their resumes and interviewing skills.
解决措施问题
[Evidence 1.1] => [Measure 1] even assuming that G is better than M
A.方法没有针对性 错误类比 G就业率高是因为他们是商学院 所以他们有商务课程不等于适用于M
B.缺乏论据支持 Computer Technology 为什么对就业有帮助未说明
[Evidence 1.2] => [Measure 2] 治标不治本
although job counsellors might help student to make a better resumes and teach them more interviewing skills,不能提高学生本身实力
另外：针对不同专业应该分析专业需求 学校的科研学术水平也更多能衡量一个学校的实力 追求就业率并不适用于所有学校
In this argument, the author try to find a measure that to offer more courses in business and computer technology and hire additioal job counsellors to help students with their resumes and interviewing skills to help Mira Vista College to improve its employment ratio.To substantiate that the graduates in Mira Vista did not find much employment than Green Mountain College,,the author also quote supporting evidence indicating that 90 percent of last year's graduating seniors had job offers from prospective employers,but at Mira Vista College last year,only 70 percent of the seniors who informed the placement office that they would be seeking employment had found full-time jobs within three months after graduation,and only half of these graduates were employed in their major field of study.At first glance, the argument might be appealing ,but close perlustration reveals that it contains several unconvincing assumptions and is consequently unpersuasive.
First of all,the supporting evidence that author provides are not representative of the overall group of graduates.The employment ratio about Mira Vista College is 70 precent but only based on those graduates who has informed the placement office and also attended a full-time job in three months after graduation,while the ratio of Green Moutain is based on those got an offer,which has no comparability.Otherwise,only half of these graduates were employed in their major field of study in Mira Vista College might have other reason such as those graduates in science major who needs futher education before they got an offical job or those major in art whose academic levels should be evaluated by their projects and works instead of crtizise their employment.In that case
,
those graduates of Mira Vista College also might need futher education and this figure did not mention whether it is included.
Additionally,there may be a chance that 30 precent unemployed graduates from Mira Vista wanted to start a company by theirselves which need a longer period than mere three month.Those 90% precent students of Green Moutain College is being reported as got an offer other than actually attend the job,and assuming all of them went to still did not reason that their jobs are as good as those 70% of Mira Vista graduates'.For lack of detailed information about the employment ratio,we can hardly evaluate the quality their employment.
The author assumes that the proposed measure are both sufficient and necessary for Mira Vista College.To solve the problem successfully,those measure still lack of such factors.There is no supporting evidence for offering computer technology to enhance the graduates employment.Even assuming that the employment ratio of Green Moutain College has a better efficiency thant Mira Vista College,it's still lack of profound study of whether business course could help students of Mira Vista College to get a better job,and the analogy between them might be unsubstantiated.the author fails to illustrate that those two school are similar enough at every respect and are indeed comparable.
Moreover,the author suggests that Mira Vista College should hire additional job counsellor to help students with their resumes and interviewing skills which I partially agreed that might work.It's no doubt a effective way to display graduates more sufficiently to employer,but they need to improve theirselves in other aspects rather than just learn to show themselves,such as hire some more professional faculties in major course and have more practical acitivity in order to equip the graduates with necessary skills.In that case,employer might be more willing to hire the graduates of Mira Vista College.
To sum up,the measure lacks of comprehensive.The author has overlooked or chosen to ignore many respects of the facts.To strengthen the measue,the author should give more evidence about the possibilities mentioned above and more suitable advice for solve the problem.作者: snowsguoguo 时间: 2010-2-1 20:11:00
本帖最后由 snowsguoguo 于 2010-2-5 22:57 编辑
第五次作业 A238
第一次修改 by 甘甜
[错误]
[题目原文]
[修改]
In this argument, the author try to find a measure that to offer more courses in business and computer technology and hire additional job counselors to help students with their resumes and interviewing skills to help Mira Vista College improve its graduates employment ratio[rate 似乎ratio可以用啊第61题题目就是这样用的]. To substantiate that the graduates in Mira Vista did not find as good as the employment situation of [as good as后面就不是用than了，这句话表述有问题] Green Mountain College, the author also quote supporting evidence indicating that 90 percent of last year's graduating seniors had job offers from prospective employers, but at Mira Vista College last year, only 70 percent of the seniors who informed the placement office that they would be seeking employment had found full-time jobs within three months after graduation, and only half of these graduates were employed in their major field of study. At first glance, the argument might be appealing, but close perlustration reveals that it contains several unconvincing assumptions and is consequently unpersuasive.
不是有个韩国人抄题目抄出满分嘛。。。我怕万一替换错了不是很囧。。。真的不能抄题目吗。。。
First of all, the supporting evidence that author provides are not representative of the overall group of graduates. The employment ratio of Mira Vista College is 70 present which was [换成which was 有道理啊~可以用从句] only based on those graduates who had [had] informed the placement office and also attended a full-time job in three months after graduation, while the ratio
of Green Mountain is based on those who have
got offers, which has no comparability. Also the survey has mentioned that [这里并不是转折关系] only half of these graduates were employed in their major field of study in Mira Vista College might have other reason such as those graduates in science major who needs further education before they got an official job or those major in art whose academic levels should be evaluated by their projects and works instead of criticize their employment.[哈哈这个<他因>赞～我想了半天没找到他因来解释这里] In that case, those graduates of Mira Vista College also might need further education and this figure did not mention whether it is included. Additionally, there may be a chance that 30 present unemployed graduates from Mira Vista wanted to start a company by themselves which need a longer period than merely three month. [这个他因也找得很好，学习了呵呵～] Those 90% present students of Green Mountain College is being reported as got an offer other than actually attend the job, even assuming that all of them accepted that offer [这里语法有问题] still there may be a chance that their jobs are as good as those 70% of Mira Vista graduates'. For lack of detailed information about the employment ratio, we can hardly evaluate the quality their employment.
The author assumes that the proposed measures are both sufficient and necessary for Mira Vista College. To solve the problem successfully, those measure still lack of such factors. There is no supporting evidence showed that if we offer computer technology courses ,the employment situation will be improved. to[这个地方表达的有问题，用to不对]. Even assuming that the employment ratio of Green Mountain College is better than Mira Vista’s. [用词不妥，employment has a better efficiency?] it's still lack of profound study of whether business course could help students of Mira Vista College to get a better job, and the analogy between them might be unsubstantiated. The author fails to illustrate that those two colleges are similar enough at every respect and are indeed comparable[哈哈这个词我也是想了很久没想出来的，学习了写的时候查字典的
发现还挺容易记住的 ].
Moreover, the author suggests that Mira Vista College should hire additional job counselor to help students with their resumes and interviewing skills which I partially agreed that might work. It's no doubt an effective way to display graduates more sufficiently to employer, but they need to improve themselves in all [all更妥] aspects rather than just learn to show themselves[我当时也想写表面功夫，不知道怎么表达，原来是how to show themselves],I suggest that Mira Vista College should [such as放在此处，会让人觉得是对于show themselves的解释，而文章的本意不是这个] hire some more professional faculties in major course and have more practical activity in order to equip the graduates with necessary skills. In that case, employer might be more willing to hire the graduates of Mira Vista College.
To sum up, the measure lacks of comprehensive. The author has overlooked or chosen to ignore many respects of the facts. To strengthen the measure, the author should give more evidence about the possibilities mentioned above and more suitable advice for solve the problem. [这一段过于模板化，最好是结合上面的攻击来总结
我好懒。。好懒
好懒。。。]
第二次修改 by fay ~ 十分感谢指出了许多语法错误~正在恶补语法中~
In this argument, the author tries to find a measure to offer more courses in business and computer technology and also to hire additional job counselors to help students with their resumes and interviewing skills to help Mira Vista College improve its graduates’ employment ratio. To substantiate that the graduates in Mira Vista did not find as good as the employment situation of Green Mountain College, the author also quotes supporting evidence indicating that 90 percent of last year's graduating seniors had job offers from prospective employers, but at Mira Vista College last year, only 70 percent of the seniors who informed the placement office that they would be seeking employment had found full-time jobs within three months after graduation, and only half of these graduates were employed in their major field of study. At first glance, the argument might be appealing, but close perlustration reveals that it contains several unconvincing assumptions and is consequently unpersuasive.
First of all, the supporting evidence
that the author provides are not representative of the overall group of graduates.
The employment ratio of Mira Vista College is 70 present which was only based on those graduates who had informed the placement office and also attended a full-time job in three months after graduation, while the ratio of Green Mountain is based on those who have got offers, which has no comparability. Also the survey has mentioned that only half of these graduates were employed in their major field of study in Mira Vista College might have other reason such as those graduates in science major who need further education before they get an official job or those major in art whose academic levels should be evaluated by their projects and works instead of criticize their employment. In that case, those graduates of Mira Vista College also might need further education and this figure did not mention whether it was included.
Additionally, there may be a chance that 30 present unemployed graduates from Mira Vista want to start a company by themselves which need a longer period than merely three month.Those 90% present students of Green Mountain College is being
reported as got an offer other than actually attend the job, even assuming that all of them have accepted that offer still there may be a chance that their jobs are not as good as those 70% of Mira Vista graduates'. For lack of detailed information about the employment ratio, we can hardly evaluate the quality of their employment.
The author assumes that the proposed measures are both sufficient and necessary for Mira Vista College. To solve the problem successfully, those measures still lack of such factors. There is no supporting evidence shows that if we offer computer technology courses, the employment situation will be improved. Even assuming that the employment ratio of Green Mountain College is better than Mira Vista’s, it's still lack of profound study of whether business course could help students of Mira Vista College to get a better job, and the analogy between them might be unsubstantiated. The author fails to illustrate that those two colleges are similar enough at every respect and are indeed comparable.
Moreover, the author suggests that Mira Vista College should hire additional job counselors to help students with their resumes and interviewing skills which I partially agree that might work. Undoubtedly, it is an effective way to display graduates more sufficiently to employers, but they need to improve themselves in every aspects rather than just learn to show themselves, I suggest that Mira Vista College should hire some more professional faculties in major course and have more practical activities in order to equip the graduates with necessary skills. In that case, employers might be more willing to hire the graduates of Mira Vista College.
To sum up, the measure lacks of comprehensive. The author has overlooked or chosen to ignore many respects of the facts. To strengthen the measure, the author should give more evidence about the possibilities mentioned above and more suitable advice for solving the problem. 作者: bzr2915 时间: 2010-2-2 21:21:07
本帖最后由 bzr2915 于 2010-2-2 21:59 编辑
28. "Students should memorize facts only after they have studied the ideas, trends, and concepts that help explain those facts. Students who have learned only facts have learned very little."
学生们在记忆知识的时候应该先学习有助于解释那些知识的理念、潮流和概念。仅仅死学知识的学生是学不到什么东西的。(教育类）
*一些基本知识没有必要刻意理解（为什么？基本知识我感觉反而要作为重要理解对象，它是理解后面知识的基础）
*但是许多知识如果不去理解而只是背诵就没有意义
*学会理解可以帮助学生学会如何思考 think critically ,to be able to analyze facts and to make sound judgment
提纲过于宽泛空洞 缺乏例证 逻辑过于简单
I partially agree with the author that in most cases student should memorize facts after they have studied the ideas, trends, and concepts that help explain those facts.It is true that student who have learned only facts could only have learned the surface of facts.One propose of education is to helping people understand the profound meaning of facts.If learn the ideas,trend,and concepts behind the facts is a way to understand and helping people to make creation and improvement ,just learning facts and memorize it is only a transmission from book to brain which changed nothing and can be forgotten in no time.（到这都是理论空话缺乏推理论证 没有说服力）Although there is still some facts we can not easily tell what meaning it is.Like the alphabet which is hard to tell the origin or meaning of a letter to a baby or some foreigner.Moreover people still can not figure out why one plus one equals two.Otherwise, when you learning some foreign language,there is a lot of habit of phrase make no sense to you.
Though sometimes people have to remember meaningless thing,there is also a lot of facts better be memorized after studied the truth behind it.It's quite easy to remember the laws of motion without understand,but when it's just some letter on a papper,it become useless.
By studing the truth behind the facts,students learned a way to thinking and gaining useful perspectives and thoughts.It's like give one a loaf of bread can't let him stay away from hungry,but teaching him to hunt can really make him able to take care of himself.（这里讨论的只是一种学习方法，未必见得用此法的人就能学会a way to thinking and gaining useful perspectives and thoughts可能the true behind the facts是老师们强迫他们学的呢？）The propose of education is to helping people develop their understanding and learn how to think critically to be able to analyze facts and to make sound judgment.
To sum up, in a blank facts are meaningless, and only by fill it with thoughts can students learn. To make a conclusion,students should not only memorize the facts but also remember the ideas, trends and concepts.(这是一个一边倒的结论，与首段相违）
28. "Students should memorize facts only after they have studied the ideas, trends, and concepts that help explain those facts. Students who have learned only facts have learned very little."
学生们在记忆知识的时候应该先学习有助于解释那些知识的理念、潮流和概念。仅仅死学知识的学生是学不到什么东西的。(教育类）
think critically ,to be able to analyze facts and to make sound judgment
I partially agree with the author that in most cases student should memorize facts after they have studied the ideas, trends, and concepts that help explain those facts. Sometimes it is true that students who have learned only facts could only have learned the surface of facts. One propose of education is to helping people understand the profound meaning of facts. If learn the ideas, trend, and concepts behind the facts is a way to understand and helping people to make creation and improvement, just learning facts and memorize it is only a transmission from book to brain which changed nothing and can be forgotten in no time except for some fundamental knowledge which is hard to find the explanation behind it should be just memorized.
Although it is important to study the ideas or explanation behind facts, there are still some facts we can not easily tell what meaning it is. Like the alphabet which is hard to tell the origin or meaning of a letter to a baby or some foreigner. Moreover people still can not figure out why one plus one equals two, and facts like this won’t worth paying time and energy into for majority of people. Otherwise, when you learning some foreign language, there is a lot of habit of phrase make no sense to you but without dig deep for explanation, most people just simply remember it.
Though sometimes people have to remember meaningless thing, there is also a lot of facts better be memorized after studied the truth behind it. It's quite easy to remember the laws of motion without understand, but without understanding and use it into explain the regulation of the physical world, it become useless. After learned how to use the laws of motion, most of us is able to learn further principles in Physics like theorem of kinetic energy and help to understand principles in other subjects and think for themselves in these cases.
By studying the truth behind the facts, students learned a way to thinking and gaining useful perspectives and thoughts. It's like give one a loaf of bread can't let him stay away from hungry, but teaching him to hunt can really make him able to feed himself. The propose of education is to helping people develop their understanding and learn how to think critically to be able to analyze facts and to make sound judgment.
To sum up, in a blank facts are meaningless, and only by fill it with thoughts can students learn.
In that case, students should sometimes not only memorize the facts but also remember the ideas, trends and concepts, though sometimes simply memorize some mechanical facts either.
第一次修改 by 甘甜
[意见] [错误]
I partially agree with the author that in most cases[题目并没有说是in most cases吧，我觉得题目说的是all the time] student should memorize facts after they have studied the ideas, trends, and concepts that help explain those facts. Sometimes it is true that students who have learned only facts could only have[换成would just？这里用could给人“能够做某事”的感觉] learned the surface of facts. One propose of education is to helping [help] people understand the profound meaning of facts. If learn[learning] the ideas, trend, and concepts behind the facts is a way to understand [少了understand的宾语] and helping[和to understand并列，改成help] people to make creation[produce creation，make improvement] and improvement, just learning facts and memorize[memorizing] it is only a transmission from book to brain which changed nothing and can be forgotten in no time except for[这个连接词放在这感觉有些莫名，感觉应该另起一个句子来写这个exception] some fundamental knowledge which is hard to find the explanation behind it should be just memorized.
Although it is important to study the ideas or explanation behind facts, there are still some facts we can not easily tell what meaning it is. Like the alphabet which is hard to tell the origin or meaning of a letter to a baby or some foreigner. [这句话语法有问题，各部分不完整。改成Like the alphabet which is hard to tell the origin or meaning in a letter by a baby or some foreigner？不过也感觉不大对，letter里的alphabet?呵呵不知道了]Moreover [+,] people still can not[can的否定是cannot] figure out why one plus one equals two, and facts like this won’t worth paying time and energy into for majority of people. Otherwise, when you learning some foreign language, there is a lot of habit of phrase【idioms？】 make no sense to you[好像有看到评论说，最好不要在文章里提到you之类的东西，而说成people，用第三人称] but without dig deep for explanation, most people just simply remember it.[这句话也各部分的结构不完整，感觉是几个句子凑成一起，最好拆开，或者是把这个句子的结构用连接词更好的连接一下]
Though sometimes people have to remember meaningless thing, there is also a lot of facts better be memorized after studied the truth behind it. It's quite easy to remember the laws of motion without understand, but without understanding and use it into[to] explain the regulation of the physical world, it become[would be] useless. After learned how to use the laws of motion, most of us is able to learn further principles in Physics like theorem of kinetic energy and help to understand principles in other subjects and think for themselves in these cases.[这2个and用得有些奇怪]
By studying the truth behind the facts, students learned a way to thinking and gaining useful perspectives and thoughts. It's like give one a loaf of bread can't[cannot] let him stay away from hungry, but teaching him to hunt can really make him [+be] able to feed himself. The propose of education is to helping people develop their understanding and learn how to think critically to be able to analyze facts and to make sound judgment.[to似乎用的有点多，使得读起来有些绕]
To sum up, in a blank facts are meaningless, and only by fill it with thoughts can students learn.[句子不完整, in a blank facts作为主语？]
In that case, students should sometimes not only memorize the facts but also remember the ideas, trends and concepts, though sometimes simply memorize some mechanical facts either.
总结： 1.我也是第一次写Issue，内容和提纲不是很懂所以不提意见。我今天看了一部分的Issue5.5教程，里面的前面部分讲的是题目分析。按照那书的讨论，这道题目应该是个因果关系的题目。因为Students who have learned only facts have learned very little.所以Students should memorize facts only after they have studied the ideas, trends, and concepts that help explain those facts. 我觉得整体文章构建上，是否可以修改一下将此逻辑体现出来。 （叹我昨天写作业的时候还没看书，昨天交的作业里面丝毫没有逻辑） 下面是我刚刚写的提纲，交流一下：
Students should memorize facts only after they have studied the ideas, trends, and concepts that help explain those facts. Students who have learned only facts have learned very little.
分析题目：
典型的因果类题目，因为Students who have learned only facts have learned very little.所以Students should memorize facts only after they have studied the ideas, trends, and concepts that help explain those facts.
论点：学生有时候不得不去背概念，但这并不意味着学生只能在studied the ideas, trends, and concepts以后才能去memorize facts。
正：learned only facts 的缺陷
反：但不能据此推出，学生只能在studied the ideas, trends, and concepts以后才能去memorize facts。
A.不符合常识：有不少facts是无法形象化理解的，例如元素周期表
B.偷换概念，将learned only facts换成memorize facts
合：memorize facts也只是学习的一种手段，可以将studied the ideas, trends, and concepts作为一种辅助学习手段，不拘泥于一种学习方法，灵活地学习知识。
第六次作业 A203
203.The following appeared in a newspaper feature story.
"At the small, nonprofit hospital in the town of Saluda, the average
length of a patient's stay is two days; at the large, for-profit hospital
in the nearby city of Megaville, the average patient stay is six days.
Also, the cure rate among patients in the Saluda hospital is about twice
that of the Megaville hospital. The Saluda hospital has more employees per
patient than the hospital in Megaville, and there are few complaints about
service at the local hospital. Such data indicate that treatment in
smaller, nonprofit hospitals is more economical and of better quality than
treatment in larger, for-profit hospitals."
[Evidence 1.1]
At the small, nonprofit hospital in the town of Saluda, the average length of a patient’s stay is two days
[Evidence 1.2]
At the large, for-profit hospital in the nearby city of Megaville, the average patient stay is xis days.
[Evidence 2]
the cure rate among patients in the S hospital is about twice that of the Megaville hospital.
[Evidence 3]
The S hospital has more employees per patient than the hospital in M
[Evidence 4]
there are few complaints about service at the local hospital.
[Conclusion 1.1]
treatment in smaller, nonprofit hospitals is more economical than treatment in larger, for-profit hospitals.
[Conclusion 1.2]
better quality than treatment in larger, for-profit hospitals
In this argument, the author made a conclusion about all hospitals that treatment in smaller, nonprofit hospitals is more economical and of better quality than treatment in those larger, for-profit hospitals. To substantiate this inference, the author also quoted supporting evidence indicating that a small nonprofit hospital in the town of Saluda has a shorter average stay time in the hospital than a large, for-profit hospital in the nearby city of Megaville. Also, the cure rate among patients in the Saluda hospital is higher than that of the Megaville hospital which has less employees per patient and have more complaints about service than the hospital in Saluda. At fist sight, the argument might be appealing, but close perlustration reveals that it contains several unconvincing assumptions and is consequently unpersuasive.
In illustrating the assumption that treatment in hospitals which share the feature of the hospital in Saluda is more economical than treatment in larger, for-profit hospitals like the hospital in Megaville, the author commits a fallacy of hasty generalization. The comparison between two hospitals may be a special one and it is not a sufficiently large sample of all hospitals in those two types. The author ought to give more adequate supporting evidence and the general conclusion cannot be reached merely basing on these special and limited cases.
To demonstrate that treatment in the hospital in Saluda is more economical than treatment in the hospital in Megaville, the author give the evidence that the average patient stay days in the hospital in Saluda is shorter than in Megaville which cannot infer that those patients were cured during that period so that it may costs more time and money to heal the disease. Additionally, the article did not mention that whether patients spend less money in less time so that we cannot draw a conclusion of which hospital has more efficiency of treatment. Author also mentioned that the hospital in Saluda has more employees per patient than the hospital in Megaville which may cause more treatment fees. In that case this piece of evidence could serve to refute the author’s assumption. Moreover, the evidence that displayed the cure rate among patients in the hospital in Saluda is about twice that of the Megaville hospital cannot demonstrate that treatment fees is lower and not reason to the treatment of which hospital is more economical. The author did not showed any evidence about the illness level of each hospital. There may be a chance that most patients of the hospital in Megaville have seriously illness like cancer which, of course, has lower cure rate than the cure rate among patients int the hospital in Saluda. Since they did not share same illness range, we could not simply compare the treatment of which hospital is more econimcal.
Similarly, we could not infer from that evidence that which hospital has quality of treatment either. Since that patients in the hospital in Saluda have more average medical staff number per patient, did not infer that this hospital have more efficiency of treatment. There might be other reason to support the assumption that the hospital in Megaville have other way to offer a better quality treatment to patient, such as the medical staff are more professional or the leader of this hospital have a great way to organize their staff so that they can give patients a quality of treatment. Otherwise, the article mentioned that there is less compliant in the hospital in Saluda, which did not give the total patient number. Without calculate the compliant to patient ratio, the author could not make sure which hospital suffers more compliant indeed. Even the compliant number is bigger, still cannot reason that of which is more serious. Assuming that the hospital in Megaville have more seriously compliant, without make sure whether each patient is able to compliant, we still have no rights to make a judgment about which hospital have a better quality of service. In addition, this article only give part of factors to decide the quality of treatment, there is a lot more factors need to be known before we make the conclusion of it.
To sum up, the conclusion lacks of credibility. The author has overlooked or chosen to ignore many respects of the facts. To strengthen the conclusion, the author should give more evidence about the possibilities mentioned above. 作者: snowsguoguo 时间: 2010-2-5 21:50:27
本帖最后由 snowsguoguo 于 2010-2-7 23:11 编辑
A203 第一次修改 by 甘甜 第二次修改 by Doreen
203.The following appeared in a newspaper feature story.
"At the small, nonprofit hospital in the town of Saluda, the average
length of a patient's stay is two days; at the large, for-profit hospital
in the nearby city of Megaville, the average patient stay is six days.
Also, the cure rate among patients in the Saluda hospital is about twice
that of the Megaville hospital. The Saluda hospital has more employees per
patient than the hospital in Megaville, and there are few complaints about
service at the local hospital. Such data indicate that treatment in
smaller, nonprofit hospitals is more economical and of better quality than
treatment in larger, for-profit hospitals."
[Evidence 1.1] At the small, nonprofit hospital in the town of Saluda, the average length of a patient’s stay is two days
[Evidence 1.2] At the large, for-profit hospital in the nearby city of Megaville, the average patient stay is xis days.
[Evidence 2] the cure rate among patients in the S hospital is about twice that of the Megaville hospital.
[Evidence 3] The S hospital has more employees per patient than the hospital in M
[Evidence 4] there are few complaints about service at the local hospital.
[Conclusion 1.1] treatment in smaller, nonprofit hospitals is more economical than treatment in larger, for-profit hospitals.
[Conclusion 1.2] better quality than treatment in larger, for-profit hospitals
In this argument, the author made a conclusion about all hospitals that treatment in smaller, nonprofit hospitals is more economical and of better quality than treatment in those larger, for-profit hospitals. To substantiate this inference, the author also quoted supporting evidence indicating that a small nonprofit hospital in the town of Saluda has a shorter average stay time in the hospital than a large, for-profit hospital in the nearby city of Megaville. Also, the cure rate among patients in the Saluda hospital is higher than that of the Megaville hospital which has less employees per patient and have[has] more complaints about service than the hospital in Saluda. At fist sight, the argument might be appealing, but close perlustration reveals that it contains several unconvincing assumptions and is consequently unpersuasive.
In illustrating the assumption that treatment in hospitals which share the feature of the hospital in Saluda is more economical than treatment in larger, for-profit hospitals like the hospital in Megaville, the author commits a fallacy of hasty generalization. The comparison between two hospitals may be a special one and it is not a sufficiently large sample of all hospitals in those two types. The author ought to give more adequate supporting evidence and[并列关系有些奇怪] the general conclusion cannot be reached merely basing on these special and limited cases.
To demonstrate that treatment in the hospital in Saluda is more economical than treatment in the hospital in Megaville, the author give the evidence that the average patient stay days in the hospital in Saluda is shorter than in Megaville which cannot infer that those patients were cured during that period so that it may costs more time and money to heal the disease. Additionally, the article did not mention that whether patients spend less money in less time so that we cannot draw a conclusion of which hospital has more efficiency of treatment. Author also mentioned that the hospital in Saluda has more employees per patient than the hospital in Megaville which may cause more treatment fees. In that case this piece of evidence could serve to refute the author’s assumption. [好句，学习了]Moreover, the evidence that displayed the cure rate among patients in the hospital in Saluda is about twice that of the Megaville hospital cannot demonstrate that treatment fees is lower and not reason to the treatment of which hospital is more economical. The author did not showed any evidence about the illness level of each hospital. There may be a chance that most patients of the hospital in Megaville have seriously illness like cancer which, of course, has lower cure rate than the cure rate among patients int the hospital in Saluda. Since they did not share same illness range, we could not simply compare the treatment of which hospital is more econimcal.
[记着段落之间留一行空白]
Similarly, we could not infer from that evidence that which hospital has quality of treatment[+better]either. Since that patients in the hospital in Saluda have more average medical staff number per patient, did not infer that this hospital have[has] more efficiency of treatment[这句话语法有些问题]. There might be other reason to support the assumption that the hospital in Megaville have other way to offer a better quality treatment to patient, such as the medical staff are more professional or the leader of this hospital have a great way to organize their staff so that they can give patients a quality of treatment. Otherwise, the article mentioned that there is less compliant in the hospital in Saluda, which did not give the total patient number. Without calculate the compliant to patient ratio, the author could not make sure which hospital suffers more compliant indeed. Even the compliant number is bigger, still cannot reason that of which is more serious. Assuming that the hospital in Megaville have more seriously compliant, without make sure whether each patient is able to compliant, we still have no rights to make a judgment about which hospital have a better quality of service. In addition, this article only give part of factors to decide the quality of treatment, there is a lot more factors need to be known before we make the conclusion of it.
[记着段落之间留一行空白]
To sum up, the conclusion lacks of credibility. The author has overlooked or chosen to ignore many respects of the facts. To strengthen the conclusion, the author should give more evidence about the possibilities mentioned above.
In this argument, the author made a conclusion about all hospitals that treatment in smaller, nonprofit hospitals is more economical and of better quality than treatment in those larger, for-profit hospitals. To substantiate this inference, the author also quoted supporting evidence indicating that a small nonprofit hospital in the town of Saluda has a shorter average stay time in the hospital than a large, for-profit hospital in the nearby city of Megaville which inferred that the hospital in Saluda has better quality of treatments. Also, the cure rate among patients in the Saluda hospital is higher than that of the Megaville hospital which has less employees per patient and has more complaints about service than the hospital in Saluda. At fist sight, the argument might be appealing, but close perlustration reveals that it contains several unconvincing assumptions and is consequently unpersuasive.
In illustrating the assumption that treatment in hospitals which share the feature of the hospital in Saluda is more economical than treatment in larger, for-profit hospitals like the hospital in Megaville, the author commits a fallacy of hasty generalization. The comparison between two hospitals may be a special one and it is not a sufficiently large sample of all hospitals in those two types. The author ought to give more adequate supporting evidences to ensure that majority of large hospital share the same feature of the hospital in Megaville mentioned before,
and the general conclusion cannot be reached merely basing on these special and limited cases.
To demonstrate that treatment in the hospital in Saluda is more economical than treatment in the hospital in Megaville, the author give the evidence that the average patient stay time in the hospital in Saluda is shorter than in Megaville from which cannot infer that those patients were cured during that period so that it may cost more time and money to cure the patients of disease. Additionally, the article did not mention whether patients spend less money in less time so that we cannot draw a conclusion of which hospital has more efficiency of treatment. Author also mentioned that the hospital in Saluda has more employees per patient than the hospital in Megaville which may charge more treatment fees. In that case this piece of evidence could serve to refute the author’s assumption. Moreover, the evidence that displayed the cure rate among patients in the hospital in Saluda is about twice that of the Megaville hospital cannot demonstrate that treatment fees is lower and not reason to the treatment of which hospital is more economical. The author did not showed any evidence about the illness level of each hospital. There may be a chance that most patients of the hospital in Megaville have seriously illness like cancer which, of course, has lower cure rate than the cure rate among patients in the hospital in Saluda. Since they did not share same illness range, we could not simply compare the treatment of which hospital is more economical.
Similarly, we could not infer from that evidence that which hospital has quality of treatment better either. Since that the hospital in Saluda have more employees per patient, did not infer that this hospital has more efficiency of treatment. There might be other reason to support the assumption that the hospital in Megaville have other way to offer a better quality treatment to patient, such as the medical staff are more professional or the leader of this hospital have a great way to organize their staff so that they can give patients a quality of treatment. Otherwise, the article mentioned that there is less compliant in the hospital in Saluda, which did not give the total patient number. Without calculate the compliant to patients ratio, the author could not make sure which hospital suffers more compliant indeed. Even the compliant number is bigger, still cannot reason that of which is more serious. Assuming that the hospital in Megaville have more seriously compliant, without make sure whether each patient is able to compliant, we still have no rights to make a judgment about which hospital have a better quality of service. In addition, this article only give part of factors to decide the quality of treatment, there is a lot more factors need to be known before we make the conclusion of it.
To sum up, the conclusion lacks of credibility. The author has overlooked or chosen to ignore many respects of the facts. To strengthen the conclusion, the author should give more evidence about the possibilities mentioned above.
第七次作业 A37
37.Woven baskets characterized by a particular distinctive pattern have
previously been found only in the immediate vicinity of the prehistoric
village of Palea and therefore were believed to have been unique to the
Palean people. Recently, however, archaeologists discovered such a
"Palean" basket in Lithos, an ancient village across the Brim River from
Palea.[E1] The Brim River is very deep and broad, and so the ancient Paleans
could only have crossed it by boat, but there is no evidence that the
Paleans had boats.[E2] And boats capable of carrying groups of people and
cargo were not developed until thousands of years after the Palean people
disappeared.[E3] Moreover, Paleans would have had no need to cross the
river-the woods around Palea are full of nuts, berries, and small game. [C]It
follows that the so-called Palean baskets were not unique to Palea.
[Evidence 1] The Brim River is very deep and broad, and so the ancient Paleans could only have cross it by boat, but there is no evidence that the Paleans had boats.
[Evidence 1.1] And boats capable of carrying groups of people and cargo were not developed until thousands of years after the Palean people disappeared.
[Evidence 2] Moreover, Paleans would have had no need to cross the river- the woods around Palea are full of nuts, berries, and small game.
[Conclusion] It follows that the so-called Palean baskets were not unique to Palea.
In this argument, the author made a conclusion that the so-called Palean baskets were not unique to Palea. To substantiate this inference, the author also quote supporting evidence indicating that the Brim River is very deep and brad so that ancient Paleans could only have cross it by boat which were not developed until thousands of years after the Palean people disappeared. The arguer also provides statistics about the land around Palea which are full of nuts, berries, and small game. At first glance, the argument might be appealing, but close perlustration reveals that it contains several unconvincing assumptions and is consequently unpersuasive.
In the argument the author suggests that we can infer the conclusion through the evidence that the Brim River si very deep and broad so that the ancient Paleans could only have cross it by boat. There is a hidden assumption assumed by the author that the Brim River is exist at that time and is as deep and broad as it is at present. However, many factors could have been changed during the past years. There might have no river at the same place and ancient Paleans did not need and transportations to get to Lithos, which means they could simply walk to there. There might be a chance that the baskets are not get to Lithos by ancient Paleans. It could be drift through the river by accident and ancient Lithos found it and figured out how to make it themselves. Moreover, it is possible that some people discovered these baskets after the Paleans’ disappear and bring it to Lithos.
Even assuming that the river is deep and broad at that time, ancient Paleans still could find a way to cross the river. The author suggests that boats capable of carring groups of people were not developed until thousands of years after the Palean people disappeared, which did not figured out whether ancient Paleans is capable of making transportations. The boats they made might be wooden and disappeared after several decades, or it is still somewhere covered by the soil under the ground and the archaeologists fail to discover it. Without further survey about it, the author should not draw a conclusion too hasty.
The article also mentioned that the area around Paleans is full of nuts, berries, and small game which inferred that ancient Paleans have no motivation to cross the river. First of all, this piece of evidence did not mention whether this area is full of foods either, which might been not as rich as present. In that case, it is natural for ancients to try to cross the river and find food. Otherwise, even assuming they are not lack of food, they still could manage to get to the other side of the river in order to trade goods so that the baskets is bring to the Lithos. Additionally, ancient Lithos might get to Paleans to buy their baskets so that these baskets is still the creation of Palean people.
To sum up, the conclusion lacks of credibility. The author has overlooked or chosen to ignore many respects of the facts. To strengthen the conclusion, the author should give more supporting evidence about the possibilities mentioned above.作者: snowsguoguo 时间: 2010-2-5 23:21:15
In this argument, the author made a conclusion that the so-called Palean baskets were not unique to Palea. To substantiate this inference, the author also mentioned the fact (quote supporting(这个词有点别扭
supporting evidence 不是就是论据的词组嘛） evidence indicating) that the Brim River is very deep and brad so that ancient Paleans could only have cross it by boat which were not developed until thousands of years after the Palean people disappeared.(河很深很宽人家没列证据证明啊..) The arguer also provides evidence （statistics）(没涉及到统计吧..)
about the land around Palea which are full of nuts, berries, and small game. At first glance, the argument might be appealing(不合适）, but close scrutiny (perlustration)（什么东东这是？）
reveals that it contains several unconvincing assumptions and is consequently unpersuasive.
（第一段太长了，压缩，意见同DOREEN）
In this argument the author suggests that the ancient Paleans could only have cross it by boat.
（上面说了一遍这里又来一个这么长的，有点啰嗦了）There is a hidden assumption assumed by the author that the Brim River is exist at that time and is as deep and broad as it is at present. However, many factors could have been changed during the past years. There might have no river at the same place instead of plat ground and ancient Paleans did not need and transportations to get to Lithos, which means they could simply walk to there(没河也不意味着能走过去啊，有山怎么办？Might一下？）. There might be a chance that the baskets are not get to Lithos by ancient Paleans. It could be drift through the river by accident and ancient Lithos found it and figured out how to make it themselves.
Moreover, it is possible that some people discovered these baskets after the Paleans’ disappear（disappearance)
and bring(brought) it to Lithos.
Even assuming that the river is deep and broad at that time, ancient Paleans still could find a way to cross the river. The author suggests that boats capable of carring groups of people were not developed until thousands of years after the Palean people disappeared, which did not figured out whether ancient Paleans is capable of making transportations. The boats they made might be wooden（木质的怎么了..很容易被大地妈妈消化？）
and disappeared after several decades,（为什么DISAPPEAR说一下，被消化了） or it is still somewhere covered by the soil under the ground and（删掉吧被土埋在地下.. 也可能被金矿压在地下...)the archaeologists fail to discover it. Without further survey about it, the author should not draw a conclusion too hasty.
The article also mentioned that the
area around Paleans is full of nuts, berries, and small game which inferred that ancient Paleans have no motivation to cross the river. First of all, this piece of evidence did not mention whether this area is as rich as present. In that case, it is natural for ancients（这个词有远古人的意思？） to try to cross the river and find food. Otherwise, even assuming they are not lack of food, they still could manage to get to the other side of the river in order to trade goods so that the baskets could be brought to the Lithos. Additionally, ancient Lithos might get to Paleans to buy their baskets in stead of Paleans cross the river to get to Lithos. In that case, these baskets is still the creation of Palean people.（没看懂，SO THAT在这里什么意思 so that后面一句想表达什么意思？）
To sum up, the conclusion lacks of credibility. The author has overlooked (or chosen to ignore)（和ORERLOOK一个意思还是其他意思？） many respects of the facts. To strengthen the conclusion, the author should give more supporting evidence about the possibilities mentioned above.（这句话不对，翻译过来就是作者要找更多关于以上可能性的证据，找证据干嘛？
To strengthen the conclusion 呀。。。 ）
注意语态，时态，单词用法。反驳的例子要说完整，注意丰满细节
以上看法 仅供参考
------------------------------------小鸟
修改后文章：
In this argument, the author made a conclusion that the so-called Palean baskets were not unique to Palea. To substantiate this inference, the author also mentioned the fact that the Brim River is very deep and brad so that ancient Paleans could only have cross it by boat which were not developed until thousands of years after the Palean people disappeared.
The arguer also provides evidence
about the land around Palea which are full of nuts, berries, and small game. At first glance, the argument might be appealing, but close scrutiny reveals that it contains several unconvincing assumptions and is consequently unpersuasive.
In this argument the author suggests that the ancient Paleans could only have cross it by boat. There is a hidden assumption assumed by the author that the Brim River is exist at that time and is as deep and broad as it is at present. However, many factors could have been changed during the past years. There might have no river at the same place instead of plat ground and ancient Paleans did not need and transportations to get to Lithos, which means they could simply walk to there. There might be a chance that the baskets are not get to Lithos by ancient Paleans. It could be drift through the river by accident and ancient Lithos found it and figured out how to make it themselves.
Moreover, it is possible that some people discovered these baskets after the Paleans’ disappearance and brought it to Lithos.
Even assuming that the river is deep and broad at that time, ancient Paleans still could find a way to cross the river. The author suggests that boats capable of carring groups of people were not developed until thousands of years after the Palean people disappeared, which did not figured out whether ancient Paleans is capable of making transportations. The boats they made might be wooden and disappeared after several decades, or it is still somewhere covered by the soil under the ground and
the archaeologists fail to discover it. Without further survey about it, the author should not draw a conclusion too hasty.
The article also mentioned that the
area around Paleans is full of nuts, berries, and small game which inferred that ancient Paleans have no motivation to cross the river. First of all, this piece of evidence did not mention whether this area is as rich as present. In that case, it is natural for ancients to try to cross the river and find food. Otherwise, even assuming they are not lack of food, they still could manage to get to the other side of the river in order to trade goods so that the baskets could be brought to the Lithos. Additionally, ancient Lithos might get to Paleans to buy their baskets in stead of Paleans cross the river to get to Lithos. In that case, these baskets is still the creation of Palean people.
To sum up, the conclusion lacks of credibility. The author has overlooked many respects of the facts. To strengthen the conclusion, the author should give more supporting evidence about the possibilities mentioned above.
作者: snowsguoguo 时间: 2010-2-5 23:22:14
本帖最后由 snowsguoguo 于 2010-2-8 14:11 编辑
周一选作题 A23
TOPIC: ARGUMENT23 - A recent sales study indicated that consumption of seafood dishes in Bay City restaurants has increased by 30 percent over the past five years. Yet there are no currently operating city restaurants that specialize in seafood. Moreover, the majority of families in Bay City are two-income families, and a nationwide study has shown that such families eat significantly fewer home-cooked meals than they did a decade ago but at the same time express more concern about eating healthily. Therefore, a new Bay City restaurant specializing in seafood will be quite popular and profitable.
WORDS: 666
TIME: 00:46:26
DATE: 2010/2/8 13:41:50
提纲：
[E1.1]
A recent sales study indicated that consumption of seafood dishes in Bay City restaurants has increased by 30 percent over the past five years.
[E1.2]
Yet there are no currently operating city restaurants that specialize in seafood.
[E2.1]
The majority of families in Bay City are two-income families.
[E2.2]
A nationwide study has shown that such families eat significantly fewer home-cooked meals than they did a decade ago.
[E2.3]
these families concern about eating healthily.
[C.1]
a new Bay City restaurant specializing in seafood will be quite popular.
[C.2]
and profitable.
In this argument, author suggests that a new restaurant specializing in seafood will be quite popular and profitable in Bay City by giving evidence as a recent sales study indicated that consumption of seafood dishes in Bay City restaurants has increased by 30 percent over the past five years, by which without a ratio of seafood consumption to all kinds of food consumption, we could not simply tell that people in Bay City prefer seafood to other kinds of food. The article also mentioned that there are no currently operating city restaurants that specialized in seafood. Moreover, the majority of families in Bay City are two-income families which eat significantly fewer home-cooked meals than they did a decade ago and concern about eating healthily as a nationwide study has showed. At first glance, the argument might be appealing, but close scrutiny reveals that it contains several unconvincing assumptions and is consequently unpersuasive.
First of all, as the recent sales study has showed, the seafood consumption has increased by 30 percent over the past five years, which did not given some data as the populations variety or total food consumption variety. Without such evidence, author could not simply tell whether people prefer to seafood more than five years before, and in that case, a restaurant specializing in seafood will not be quite popular. Otherwise, seafood are not like other food because of its easily to become not fresh and hard to store and needs more cooking skill to make it delicious. Also, it is not suitable for everyone because as we all know that a lot of people are allergic to it. There are no currently operating city restaurants that specialize in seafood also remind of us that it is hard to operate a seafood restaurant rather than other kind of restaurants. In that case, a new restaurant specializing in seafood might not be as profitable as author's concern.
A nationwide study has shown that two-income families which are the majority in Bay City eat significantly fewer home-cooked meals than they did a decade ago. By this piece of evidence, we could not simply infer that the majority of families in Bay City eat a lot in restaurant, without given the frequency of meals of these families. They could be eat outside home once a year one decade before, so that for now, the frequency increased to five times a year which is still too less for restaurant to gain enough profits. Since cook one dish costs almost same labor, tools, and kitchen room as cook five piece of same dishes, we could simply know that the more costumers in a restaurant, the less cost of each same meal will be. Without enough costumers to support the restaurant, it is hard to make some profit. Moreover, author failed to notice that a nationwide study might not be suitable for this city, people in which probably still prefer to eat at home. Without further study about the actually eating habits of people in Bay City, we could not simply decide whether a restaurant specializing in seafood will be quite popular and profitable.
Otherwise, for eating healthy, seafood is not very qualified. Some seafood have a high lever of cholesterol and fat which is bad for healthy. As far as I'm concerned, some children don't like to eat fish either. As for a seafood restaurant, unless it gives some dishes like veal or vegetable dishes instead of all kinds of dishes is made up of seafood, it is hard to be popular. Moreover, seafood is more expansive than other kinds of food, for a two-income family which apparently needs more money to afford their family, it might not be affordable.
To sum up, the author has overlooked many respects of eating habits of people in Bay City. If a new Bay City restaurant needs to be popular and profitable, it might need some further research of the local situation and management so that they could chose the right specialized food.作者: snowsguoguo 时间: 2010-2-6 00:05:58
169.The following appeared in a letter from a department chairperson to
the president of Pierce University.
"[E1]Some studies conducted by Bronston College, which is also located in a
small town, reveal that both male and female professors are happier living
in small towns when their spouses are also employed in the same geographic
area. Therefore, [E2] in the interest of attracting the most gifted teachers
and researchers to our faculty and improving the morale of our entire
staff, we at Pierce University should offer employment to the spouse of
each new faculty member we hire.[C] Although we cannot expect all offers to
be accepted or to be viewed as an ideal job offer, the money invested in
this effort will clearly be well spent because, if their spouses have a
chance of employment, new professors will be more likely to accept our
offers."
In this argument, the author suggested that the university should offer jobs to the spouse of each new faculty member they hire, and considered that if their spouses have a chance of employment, new professors will be more likely to accept their offers.
The argument also mentioned that some reports conducted by Bronston College located in a small town as well, reveal that both male and female professors are happier living in small towns when their spouses are also employed in the same geographic area, which is not the same town as where Pierve University in so that couples here might not like couples in that small town who like to work in the same geographic area. Also, working together in the same area is not as the same of working in the same university, employment in which is limited and not suitable for everyone. The work place of each couple should not be too close to each other, by which will distract their concentration during working hours. For this reason, a lot of people would not be able to accept these offers from Pierce University, and investment of that will be quite a waste.
Otherwise, hire more gifted teacher and researchers is not the only way to improve the morale of the entire staff of Pierce University. Other respects in the university need investment either, such as experiment equipment or researching spending, money spent in which will be better spent than invested in offer employment to the spouse of new faculty member. Assuming that couples working in the same campus will make them happier, it is still more efficient to offer the unemployed spouse of each old faculty instead of hire new professors.
Additionally, whether work together with one's husband or wife is not the main reason for a professional to choose a job. Even if the president of this university offer jobs to every spouse of each professor, those professors might still not like those jobs. We could not deny that sometimes working together sometimes will make couples feel uncomfortable. If the president of this university wants to hire more gifted teachers and researchers, they should do some survey about their order, and try to equip this university with those factors.
To sum up, the suggestion of this department chairperson lacks of practicability. The author has overlooked many respects of facts. To strengthen the measure to improve the morale of the staff, the author should give more evidence about the possibilities mentioned above and more suitable advice for solving the problem.作者: snowsguoguo 时间: 2010-2-8 13:48:06
占楼作者: snowsguoguo 时间: 2010-2-8 13:48:23
本帖最后由 snowsguoguo 于 2010-2-10 13:45 编辑
第8次作业 I136
TOPIC: ISSUE136 - "The absence of choice is a circumstance that is very, very rare."
WORDS: 461
TIME: 00:48:12
DATE: 2010/2/9 21:06:29
The author concludes that a circumstance with no choice to make is very, very rare. Some people disagree with this claim, sometimes people complain about that they are forced to do something and have no other choice. But if we pay attention to observe how these situations have become, it is not too hard to know what the decisions they made are which hidden behind the facts.
Life is full of choice, or may I say, made up of it. During different decisions, infants become quite different adults. Good eating habits make people healthy, the will of success make people work hard, every step of one's life decides what he or she will become. As we all say, human have free will, therefore we have rights to make choice for ourselves. Everyone is born with the right of freedom, which is represented by a lot of choices during one's life. If one run into a circumstance without a single choice for he or she, that one must have done something wrong, which means he or she has made a bad choice before that. As we can see, the absence of choice is a circumstance is truly rare.
As sometimes people may ask that why we are as hard work as someone else but we never got a promotion, we always have no chance. That's because sometimes if you don't make your own decision, someone else will make it for you, by which I mean force you to do something you wouldn't like to do and you could not resist it. Successful people always aware of chances and grab them tightly, that's the reason of their success. To avoid the bad situation which happens to be choice for them, people should always pay attention to the clue to their future, and be responsible for their behaviors. One with good luck all the time must be a person cares about his or her life, and someone always have bad luck is a careless person without pay a lot attention to their circumstance. It is not hard to avoid the circumstance with absence of choice, because it will be really rare if you are willing to chase the good things and use your human rights.
Thought we have right to make choice, those choice should not do harm to someone else or do something against the law. By remaining others' rights to make choice, one should limit his desire and to concern about others for the harmony of society.
Since human have freedom to think for themselves, decide their future and chase the happiness for themselves, one should always aware of their rights to make choice so that
it is not hard to affirm the absence of choice is a very, very rare circumstance. 作者: snowsguoguo 时间: 2010-2-8 13:48:42
本帖最后由 snowsguoguo 于 2010-2-18 15:37 编辑
占楼楼呀么占楼楼作者: snowsguoguo 时间: 2010-2-8 13:48:58
本帖最后由 snowsguoguo 于 2010-2-10 13:59 编辑
第8次作业选作 A56
TOPIC: ARGUMENT56 - Collectors prize the ancient life-size clay statues of human figures made on Kali Island but have long wondered how the Kalinese artists were able to depict bodies with such realistic precision. Since archeologists have recently discovered molds of human heads and hands on Kali, we can now conclude that the ancient Kalinese artists used molds of actual bodies, not sculpting tools and techniques, to create these statues. This discovery explains why Kalinese miniature statues were abstract and entirely different in style: molds could only be used for life-size sculptures. It also explains why few ancient Kalinese sculpting tools have been found. In light of this development, collectors should expect the life-size sculptures to decrease in value and the miniatures to increase in value.
WORDS: 484
TIME: 00:37:01
DATE: 2010/2/9 21:06:29
In this argument, the author suggest that life-size statues is about to decrease in value and the miniatures to increase in value, because archeologists have recently discovered molds of human heads and hands on Kali, by which author inferred that the ancient Kaliness artists used molds of actual bodies instead of sculpture it. Though there is not any evidence that those Kaliness miniature statues are related with this piece of evidence. Close scrutiny of the article reveal that the evidence served to support the proposal raised by the author is dubious and unreliable.
The recent discovery of archeologists showed some molds of human heads and hands on Kali, where is a place famous for its ancient life-size clay statues of human figures with realistic precision. Since it was found in the same geographic area, author considered that those molds are for making life-size clay statues. It did not mention in this article whether those molds matches these clay statues, and without those facts, author draw the conclusion too hastily and unreliably. Even assuming that those statues are made by those tools, it is not reasonable to think the life-size sculptures to decrease in value. It is more possible that because of the discovery of molds, people begin to pay a lot attention to those clay statues and become fond of it. In that case, the value of those life-size clay statues will increase with no doubt.
Since there is not any evidence about the relationship of life-size sculptures and the miniatures, we could not expect whether the miniatures will increase in value either. The reason of Kalinese miniature statues were abstract and entirely different in style is possibly that miniature is made by another group of people lived in Kali or made in some other ages. Different times have people different taste of arts so that we could not use unrelated evidence to explain another fact. We could not use that to expect the value of it as well.
Why few ancient Kalinese sculpting tools have been found may have another reason which people did not find out for now. It is possible that those statues is made by a family which holds it for a long time from one generation to another, so that it only needs a few tools to made it year by year. As time goes by, a lot of statues have been made by those people and finally found by archeologists or someone else, but the techniques fail to survive. If that is what really happened, those molds will not affect the value of life-size statues and the suspect of its devaluation is not corrected.
To sum up, the conclusion lacks of credibility and the prediction is not reasonable. The author has overlooked many respects of facts and made some conclusion too hastily. To strengthen the conclusion, the author should give more evidence about the possibilities mentioned above and make a more perspective conclusion. 作者: snowsguoguo 时间: 2010-2-10 14:00:35
本帖最后由 snowsguoguo 于 2010-2-18 15:37 编辑
2/11作业改动
第1天 I43
TOPIC: ISSUE43 - "To be an effective leader, a public official must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards."
WORDS: 447
TIME: 00:41:02
DATE: 2010/2/11 19:40:53
道德的重要
伦理的重要
虽然重要但是不等于不允许犯小错误
As a public official, one must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards if he or she want to be an effective leader. Without great morality, a leader would easily abuse power and corrupt. It is more possibly for a leader to fail if he or she doesn’t obey the political morality.
A great political leader should always concerns about the interests of citizens and serve people, for which one should equipped with highest moral qualities. Without these qualities, it is hard to limit one's desire and consequently do something harmful to others. For example, the water gate scandal of Nixon which ultimately makes him quite his job before his term was due. As a leader of a company, if he or she overlooked the interests of employees', it is hard to run the company well.
Second, ethical standards are important for leadership as well. Although every individual have rights of privacy, people often like to pay attention to those famous people. As we all admitted that it is the right thing to be faithful to one's spouse, and the person without loyalty are less easily to gain people's trust. Leadership needs people's support and trust, but whether those people continue to support him or her if they find out he or she is an irresponsible and promiscuous person. It will be a bad influence for children and young adults, and no doubt decrease the support rate of this leader. For the best of a leader, he or she should keep the highest ethical standards and be responsible for his or her behavior.
But after all, no body is perfect. Some forgivable flaws won't destroy a great leader. If the leader admits his or her mistake and make apologize, most people won't be too cruel to continue deny him or her. However, which doesn't mean to be an effective leader is allowed to make mistakes. A political leader should try his or her best to fit the highest ethical and moral standards for the best. However, as a leader of a company, those standards of ethical and moral are not as important as to be a political leader. But it is a good quality for every person to maintain the highest ethical and moral standards.
To sum up, an effective political leader should always aware of his behavior and make sure everything he or she did won't let his or her people fell disappoint. As an effective business leader, one should not only chase profit but also cares about his or her employees' interests, but as long as it is possible, one should also try his or her best to maintain the highest ethical and moral standards.
作者: snowsguoguo 时间: 2010-2-10 14:00:58
本帖最后由 snowsguoguo 于 2010-2-18 15:38 编辑
第1天 A35
TOPIC: ARGUMENT35 - The following appeared in the summary of a study on headaches suffered by the residents of Mentia.
"Salicylates are members of the same chemical family as aspirin, a medicine used to treat headaches. Although many foods are naturally rich in salicylates, for the past several decades food-processing companies have also been adding salicylates to foods as preservatives. This rise in the commercial use of salicylates has been found to correlate with a steady decline in the average number of headaches reported by participants in our twenty-year study. Recently, food-processing companies have found that salicylates can also be used as flavor additives for foods. With this new use for salicylates, we can expect a continued steady decline in the number of headaches suffered by the average citizen of Mentia."
In this argument, author expect that a continued steady decline in the number of headaches will happen because food-processing companies have found that salicylates can be used as flavor additives for foods, which has been adding to foods as preservatives. Those evidence did not completely proof that the number of headaches suffered by the average citizen of Mentia will certainly decline.
First of all, the article has mentioned that salicylates are members of the same chemical family as aspirin which is a medicine used to treat headaches. From this information, we could only know that the chemical structure of salicylates is alike aspirin. Without detailed information about the medical effects of salicylates, we could not infer whether it is capable of treat headaches.
Author also informed that for the past several decades food-processing companies have been adding salicylates, which is naturally rich in many foods, to foods as preservatives. And this rise in the commercial use of salicylates happen to be at the same period with another study which reported that in last twenty-year the average number of headaches has been declined steadily. Those two events was happened in the same period, which seems like related, but without further study of the exact relationship between the salicylates in foods and headaches, author drew a conclusion too hastily and which lacks of credibility. Moreover, a lot of facts are related with headaches such as the humidity of air which will curse some people headache is too high or disease like cold and flu, which attribute to the rapid development of medicine, people no longer feels headaches when they caught a cold and take some newly developed pills like Tylenol. Additionally, the average number of headaches declined does not mean that the ratio of headaches to populations is declined. In that case, there might be more people have headaches at present than in the past. Without counting all these possibilities, author cannot infer the conclusion corrected.
Otherwise, the author consider that salicylates will soon been used as flavor additives for foods. But even recent study has showed that salicylates is available to be used as flavor additives for foods does not mean that they actually added it into foods. If food companies don't like its flavor and no products is contain of it, the report will not be useful. Without ensure whether they added it or not, the author could not make a conclusion like that.
To sum up, the expectation of this article lacks of credibility, and the author overlooked or chose to ignore some respects of the facts. Without further reports and detail information are given, we could not make any reasonable expectation like that of this event.作者: snowsguoguo 时间: 2010-2-10 14:06:40
TOPIC: ISSUE48 - "The study of history places too much emphasis on individuals. The most significant events and trends in history were made possible not by the famous few, but by groups of people whose identities have long been forgotten."
WORDS: 543
TIME: 00:47:15
DATE: 2010/2/17 14:33:36
In this article, author suggested that groups of people attributes more than famous individuals and the study of history should emphasis on former rather than latter. I could not be more agreed with that point of view.
First of all, in most events, famous individuals always represented a group of specific people whose trends and concepts leads those important history events. Without a particular representative for those thoughts, it is hard for present people to study those histories and learn from it. But in other word, by analysis those famous individuals, people nowadays should not ignore those forgotten groups of people who played important roles in those events as well. It is them who really contributed their lives to lead the improvement of human society. For example, if we only remember Martin Luther King as who leads the African-American civil rights movement, and ignore those African-Americans who support him and fight for their fights, people nowadays may lose the truly meaning of the movement and forget those African-Americans nowadays who still need to be pay attention to and improve their rights in other respects. As we all know, the meaning of studying history is to remind present people of how important it is to have those human rights and how much responsibilities we have to remain and value our rights which the former people sacrifice their lives for.
Second, history is a subject which analysis the former history of human being, by which means dig out what is the truth of things that happened and remind presents people of those heroes. If only pay attention to those famous individuals who we already known, historians will easily ignore a lot important contribution which supported those individuals to their achievement. So that it is not only those famous people worth to pay attention to, but also those anonymous groups of people those seems like have been forgotten need to be pay attention to. And by recall those history, we could give a whole perspective of more overall variety of history events which can help the study of history to get improvement.
Last but not least, history is a gathered report of human activities, and without considers both famous individuals and hard to be recorded anonymous group, the study of history won't get perfection and have little value of it. By well-studied events, people nowadays can learn from it and avoid those mistakes our former made. Moreover, by learning the history, we could value those attribution of former people and try to do something ourselves just like what those great former people did for make our society a better living place. Additionally, if only people pay attention to those famous individuals which seems like teach people how to be a great hero instead of being a not very eye-catching normal people, will make people nowadays forget the basic responsibilities of their work and chase for extra attention of their selves. As far as I'm concerned, this concept is not so good for the harmony of society, and may cause some conflictions.
To sum up, the study of history should place more emphasis on groups of people who made contribution of important history events and remind people nowadays of those groups of people whose identities could easily been forgotten.
作者: snowsguoguo 时间: 2010-2-18 15:43:14
本帖最后由 snowsguoguo 于 2010-2-18 15:45 编辑
第8天 A10
TOPIC: ARGUMENT10 - The following appeared in a letter to the editor of a Batavia newspaper.
"The department of agriculture in Batavia reports that the number of dairy farms throughout the country is now 25 percent greater than it was 10 years ago. During this same time period, however, the price of milk at the local Excello Food Market has increased from $1.50 to over $3.00 per gallon. To prevent farmers from continuing to receive excessive profits on an apparently increased supply of milk, the Batavia government should begin to regulate retail milk prices. Such regulation is necessary to ensure both lower prices and an adequate supply of milk for consumers."
WORDS: 547
TIME: 00:34:04
DATE: 2010/2/17 14:33:36
In this argument, author try to convince us to cut down the price of milk by giving evidence as the number of dairy farms has increased and the price of milk is increased as well. These evidences lack of credibility and the conclusion is not reasonable for the marketing requirement.
First of all, the information gave in the article that the number of dairy farms throughout the country is 25 percent greater than it was 10 years ago could not infer that the supplement of milk is sufficient for the market. The population might increase more rapidly than the farms and people nowadays shared less quantities of milk than 10 years earlier. Even assuming that the dairy supplement is adequate for the population nowadays throughout the country, still cannot infer that local milk supply in Batavia is sufficient. Otherwise, the department of agriculture in Batavia seems like a local institution judged by its name, which might not give the report so credible for national wide. Lacking those further respects mentioned above, author made the conclusion too hastily and without accuracy.
Second, the price of milk at the local Excello Food Market has increased could not reason that the milk price is increased national wide or even could not infer that local milk price is increased. This argument did not given the information about this market at these details as the customer levels, the quality of goods and other respects. By supplying high quality of milk which is much better than regular milk, it certain could this market charge a much higher price than former times when the quality of milk is normal in this market. Otherwise, it could be other reason for this increasing of price such as it is a tornado coming and every family needs store more food or milk supply in other supermarket is stopped for some reason and in this area, the Excello Food Market is the only market still sells milk. Without further information about the milk price in this area, we could not make a rash conclusion about this. Even assuming that milk price is increasing throughout this area, there still are other reasons for it as well such as inflation. In that case, farmers did not receive excessive profits on this increased supply of milk.
Additionally, price increasing might not just happen in dairy but also other foods increased. At mean time average salary might also have been increased as well. So that author should not judge the price by literal price but also concerning economic surrounding. Without any intervene by the government, local people are already having the milk supply as low price and adequate. Even assuming that the local government limits the retail milk prices, it still cannot make sure an adequate supply of milk for consumers just by this policy. If there is really such problems exited about local dairy market, author should give better suggestions about how to reach the goal mentioned in this article.
To sum up, the evidence author gave lacks of credibility and the solving measure is not good enough for those problems author mentioned above. By improve this letter, author should take an overall observation of local dairy market and do some further studies about it, then consider a better measure of those problems latter.