标题: Definitely, a victory 小组第5次作业 Issue69 By6号骰子 [打印本页] 作者: liyao0509 时间: 2010-7-13 06:31:51 标题: Definitely, a victory 小组第5次作业 Issue69 By6号骰子
69. Government should place few, if any, restrictions on scientific research and development.
政府确实不能给科学研究发展太多限制。因为现存的法律对科学研究已有约束；对于研究和发展的支持也可以由市场来完成。（支持也是一种约束的手段，因为它能够指导科学研究总体的走向，从而限制某些领域的发展。强调一下这个，要不离题了）
Government should indeed place few restrictions on scientific research and development for that many of the scientific research and development are already under the supervision of laws and guidance of the market. For the endless and infinite curiosity of scientists, laws’ supervision and properly limitation on researches such as human cloning and nuclear weapons are indispensable in order to prevent scientific research from bogging into harmful conditions. Since the support is another way of restriction, for that it formulates the general trend of researching and development by encouraging some distinct areas, it is practically accomplished by market. In order to satisfy the demands of the market, scientific researches are prone to
involve in related fields by getting more sponsor. Such as resources development, as the world are lack of coal and petrol, increasing price leads consumers to reduce the consumption of fuel, so world urgently calls for substitute product. Many laboratories turn to research on new resources, such as photosynthetic bacterial, atom power and hydrogen energy, as a result.
政府过多的约束会成很不好的后果，前苏联就是个例子。
When the appropriate restrictions are already set on research and development, much more restriction on scientific research added by government would lead to limitation, which would seriously encumber researchers’ creativity involving to practice. Government is not the actual entity which is devolved into research, even it hire lots of experts, they still have no direct touch and deep understanding of research projects. A telling example of the inherent danger of official’s additional restriction of the scientific research involves the attempts of Soviet during 1920s’ to not only control the directions and goals of researches but the outcome and results of the research as well—for the purpose of the so called general welfare of the people. Some scientists even disappeared later because of their threats to the safety and stability of the nation. Not surprisingly, during this period of time, no significant discovery or invention occurred.
但是，很多时候，法律和市场相对于科学研究是滞后的，在这种时候就需要政府的干预。
That is why scientific research and development do not need additional governmental restriction. A relatively free condition for scientists could stimulate researchers’ creativity involving to practice. However, the scientific research and development always step in front of the law, when the clone technology was invented, there was still no law about any relevant concept of this field. So the government organized experts in various subjects to debate about the pros and cons, and also the conflict with ethic and morality. As same as laws, market sometimes delays behind the scientific research. A promising technology, such as hydrogen energy, due to its transient high price and heavily dependent on advanced technology, market has not prepared to accept it yet. However, the research is extremely needed for sustainable development. So that government should support strongly and regulate the market gradually to accept it. Another field the government should interfere is environment protection. Many kinds of development are at cost of environment, and the laws are not intact enough to balance the cost and receipt.
总结：当政府将监督权交给法律，支持权交给市场之后就不需要更多干预了。
So, the extent of interference of the government in scientific research and development is obvious: restriction is needed, but not more. When the government leads them to be under guidance of market and established relevant laws to restrict them, government should not to add more restriction except when laws and market is not intact enough in some cases to promise a good progress.