140) Some people believe that universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student's field of study. Others believe that universities should not force students to take any courses other than those that will help prepare them for jobs in their chosen fields.
Write a response in which you discuss which view more closely aligns with your own position and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should address both of the views presented.
The university is a place where students can get the useful knowledge and prepare for facing with society all by themselves. After graduation, some students will choose to be graduate students, while another of them will find jobs to make a living. No matter what you do, the university must have some important impacts on you. Given this, the university education is essential. When coming about choosing courses in universities, I insist that universities should ask students to take different courses, not just learn what they major in.
On one hand, society demands people to possess various skills. Nowadays, with the rapid development of science and technologies, the knowledge of a single field is far from solving pragmatic problems. In most cases, we need to utilize other fields to complement some methods. Although professional talents are still popular, what we virtually prefer generalists, which can flexibly apply various kinds of skills and solve diverse problems. For example, genetics, a hot field in biological researches, requires researchers to at least master molecular biology, biochemistry, cell biology and zoology. People who are merely good at genetics cannot finish a whole set of experiments at all. Considering the tendency of the interdisciplinary collaboration, the recommendation of taking various courses is necessary. On the other hand, to students, knowing about different areas also benefits themselves, not only jobs but also the life. If we have to use the knowledge to handle with troubles, these courses in other areas may help us. When solving problems of the electricity, physics works; when borrowing money from banks, mathematic works; when investing in stock, economics works. In fact, we always make use of them without awareness. From this point of view, different courses are also significant.
As to the consideration of limiting students to choose courses for their jobs, even though this is a good willing to prepare for the future, I still have to point out that this is harmful and unpractical. Firstly, no one can predict what will happen in future. They can work in other fields. Even if they really get jobs in their chosen fields, who can ensure that they will persist these jobs forever? If so, the previous limitation of courses will backfire. Secondly, arbitrary limiting courses may cut off many ways for students to learn or even dampen their enthusiasm to study. If they do not like what they major in and want to try some interesting courses in other fields, there is no doubt that this action has serious impacts. In this regard, universities should be cautious with this decision.
All in all, for the sake of students' better future, universities should encourage them to try different courses and think about the real meaning of learning, under the condition of making no bad difference in their major courses. As for the job and the future, universities can leave them to students so that they can have the chance to learn to face with them all by themselves. 作者: jelly0429 时间: 2012-8-9 21:55:11
23) Governments should place few, if any, restrictions on scientific research and development.
Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position.
To some extent, I agree with the recommendation that governments should put fewer restrictions on science. But what I also want to complement is that placing few restrictions does not means totally leaving science alone. Hence, in my opinion, governments should reduce restrictions, while, at the same times, they also need to pay attention to the research and development of science.
It is true that too many restrictions will impede not only the development of science, but also the improvement of countries. On one hand, governments know little about science. Because officials and scientists have different attentions, surely they will treat the same thing from different perspectives. What is crucial to scientists who put researches at the first place may not impress officials who mostly consider policy at first. Thus, some restrictions which are good for governments will lead to bad impacts on science. For example, since lacking in money for the commercial, governments will cut off the financial support of science. Nonetheless, without money, scientists cannot buy implements that are indispensable in researches and researches are hardly continued. If so, although the commercial is saved, science is sacrificed. Thus, over restrictions from governments may lead science into an incorrect direction. On the other hand, however, science is very significant to countries. Science can bring about new and sophisticated technologies, which can improve important parts of countries, like the commercial, the factories, the military and so on. These parts can develop countries wholly from aspects of the economy, the higher productivity and the defense. In this case, for gaining stronger power, governments should do their best to encourage science, not limit it. However, as I mention above, because of restrictions science will stop the pace of developing, and then impede the improvement of countries which governments represent of. Thus, governments should provide whatever they can to help science, not limit.
Nonetheless, at the some time, governments cannot totally leave science alone and let it to "develop" freely. There are some dangerous issues of science which may menace the safety of countries and citizens. To these issues, governments should pay more attention or even control them. Equally, from the aspects of science, these technologies, in themselves, are not wrong in that the duty of science is just finding and testing unknown things. As to the utilization of them, governments must take this reputation to control. To some issues that can challenge fundamental elements of society, like clone of human, governments should not permit. To some issues that can menace safety of countries, like nuclear weapons, governments should limit the use of them and take them apart of normal citizens. If not, society may be out of control. Thus, governments still have to pay proper attention to science so that it is in right direction.
All in all, to make sure science can develop as much as possible, governments have to diminish restrictions and do what the can to help science. Yet governments also should pay enough attention to the development so that science can develop in the direction of benefiting people. Only in this way can governments and science gain win-win situation as the same time. 作者: 冬涧苦雪 时间: 2012-8-12 23:12:35
2) To understand the most important characteristics of a society, one must study its major cities.
Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.
Major cities, as symbols of a country, places where various information from other countries gather, exchange and disseminate, are becoming pools of important components of a society. As the products of social development, major cities almost assemble the most essential features of a society. Thus, I agree with the statement that one should study major cities for characteristics of a society, but I also think that one should also pay attention to other typical cities.
What is the characteristic of a society? In short, it is the most representative and distinguish feature of a society. In general, we can conclude from these three parts, the economy, the politics and the culture. Major cities, with unique merits in these three parts, can truly provide what a society really is to us.
From the aspect of politics, admittedly, major cities are places where main political institutions and parties get together. In ancient China, the emperor, the most powerful man in the country, set his palace in Beijing; in America, the president, the supreme leader of the ruling party, lives and works in the White House in Washington; in England, the prime minister, the leader of the English, handle with national affairs in Downing Street in London. Because many different political viewpoints gather here, one can easily observe and compare them.
From the aspects of economy and culture, they can be inhered and developed in major cities and at last explain the main stream of the improvement of a society. Traditional business and culture that stay in cities where are convenient to exchange ideas with the foreign can readily combine with various information and thus develop into totally novel patterns, while the traditional patterns can be preserved to some extent as well. Hence, it will be easy for us to comprehensively test the business and the culture in different times along with the progress of a society. Besides, since be impacted directly by the unique social formation, the business and the culture that are characterized by special social features can reflect a society more really than remote places. For example, the financial crisis on Wall Street exposes the basic contradictions of capitalist society, but small cities in Hawaii are far from initiating and worsening this crisis, let alone reflecting contradictions. To sum up, major cities do possess advantages when investigate a society.
Although the major cities hold various advantages when concerning the cognition of a society, they cannot be the only part in this progress. Despite of main three parts, some other aspects are also necessary. It is possible that major cities cannot provide information on these aspects. Thus, we need concern other special cities as well. Some factors like initial traditions should be investigated in remote cities or typical cities. Therefore, to complete the conclusion of social characters, remote cities also should be taken into consideration.
All in all, to get the most comprehensive understanding of social characters, the best choice is objectively analysing major cities and combining with the feature analysis of typical cities. 作者: jelly0429 时间: 2012-8-14 23:17:26
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93) Unfortunately, in contemporary society, creating an appealing image has become more important than the reality or truth behind that image.
Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.
Nowadays, people prefer to pay more attention to the appealing image while ignore the reality and the truth. Admittedly, people will focus on the attractive images at the first glance; however, the reality and the truth are more important to us if we want to understand somebody or something.
Undoubtedly, shining images can absorb people and seduce them to pay attention, but they may also belie the reality and mislead people. Compared with a blank paper, people love the beautiful painting much more. Appealing images can 'capture our eyes' at once and make us willing to look at them for a moment or even study them. But we are hardly to see into things barely according to the images. Furthermore, sometimes attractive but disguised images are used to belie the vicious substantial, such as a wolf in sheep's clothing. When people totally focus on beautiful faces, they are easily confused and tend to believe that the substantial is beautiful as well, and in this way ugly things can successfully wear beautiful masks and mislead people.
Therefore, when we try to know something, we actually should notice their realities and truths, which are exactly what these things really are. When understand people, we pay more attention to their personality, morality, nature, spirit, thought and other thing that are different from man to man. When understand matters, we want to know their function, quality, effectiveness, advantages and disadvantages. These special or unique characteristics can present people or matters, not the images. For example, when someone asks ‘what is the apple’, we must tell them that the apple is a kind of fruit, containing various vitamins, that mainly consists of water and the dietary fiber. No one will depict the apple as a ball with the red or green peel. Only the substantial under images can objectively present an entity.
In real life, we can also find concrete instances to testify my opinion. In the Miss World contest, all the gorgeous should not only show their perfect figures and charming faces, but also answer questions, involving in diverse contents and subjects, that judges ask. The judges do not want to choose the most beautiful one, but rather a girl with the good looking, the talent brain and the essential virtue at the same time. What they cherish more is the combination of the wisdom and the beauty, not merely the good looking.
All in all, when we start to analysis something or somebody, please open our eyes to find the substantial and do not be blinded by the feigned beauty. 作者: loveJenny0717 时间: 2012-8-15 23:54:08