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Education will be truly effective only when it is specifically designed to meet the individual needs and interests of each student.
What can be regarded as a kind of effective education, the specialized one or the nonspecialized one? In my opinion, nonspecilized education is more applicable while sometimes specialized one is suitable.
On the one hand, education that meets the individual interest and needs can cause one to make more efforts to certain areas, thus gain achievements. Someone has said that interest serve as the best teacher. Many of the great masters, no matter in arts, literature or natural science, are interested in their own fields and devoted more efforts and vigor to the areas. There is another possibility that one may be very weak in a discipline but enjoys great talents in another. Qian Zhongshu, China's great master in literature, got 0 in maths when he took the qualification tests of Tsinghua University, but he got full mark in verbal. Fortunately he was not denied so that we can read his masterpiece now. As for those who boast exceptional gifts in certain area, it would be great losses for both themselves and the whole society not to offer them specialized education.
However, the effectiveness of education does not lie in how many genius it can cultivate but in how many can get qualified according to the needs of the society. The popularization of education is to let more can receive normal and systematic education. After all, the current education is fit for most people. Besides, various kinds of courses are interrelated so that the nonspecialized education is required. For example, a student in biochemistry must know much about biology and chemistry other than his major course. The method of study learned from other disciplines may be of great help to one's own field. Another standard to evaluate the education is to see how many students can find jobs after education, because if one cannot find o job to make a living, the effectiveness of education is meaningless. With the trend of increasing globalization, society has created higher criteria for various occupations, which calls for nonspecialized education. For example, a scientist in materials research and development is expected to have some knowledge economics, which could enable him to take the factor of cost into account. Thus, a graduate only engaged in material science may not be qualified. Moreover, as the society develops, its criterion for certain job changes, too. People must have the ability to learn by themselves, which could only be acquired through nonspecialized education. Assume that one only knows something in his own field but has never met problems in other areas, how could he go on when faced with a lot of problems that have no direct relation with his own field? I call this "the ability to maintain sustainable development", which is of great importance in the changing society. Someone has said: "Nonspecialized education provide young people with the variety of experiences and occupations they expect to pursue over the course of a life".
To ask the government to provide specialized education according to the need and interest of every student is not feasible. On the one hand, no government, even the one of the richest country can afford the expenditure. On the other hand, there are not enough teachers to complete the jobs.
To sum up, we should maintain the nonspecialized education to make it effective fir most students. But for those who are truly talented, specialized education according to their needs is necessary.