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注：由于是第一篇，没怎么限时，所以不注时间了。
72. In measuring electrical activity in different parts of the brain, researchers found that people who describe themselves as generally happy have more activity in the left prefrontal lobe of their brains than do other people. Therefore, a medication for stimulating the left prefrontal lobe of the brain would be an effective treatment for clinical depression.
The recommendation that a medication for stimulating the left prefrontal lobe (LPL) of brain would be an effective treatment for clinical depression seems to be reasonable and persuasive at first sight since the research indicates that people whose LPL have more activity are inclined to describe themselves happy. However, after careful and thorough consideration, the argument is actually problematic in several aspects.
First, the arguer assumes that people whose LPL is more active will be generally happy. However, no evidence is provided to convince us that samples are well representative --- no further information about the number of respondents and the methodology on which the research is applied. It is entirely possible that considering several consequences, respondents do not answer the question honestly; it is also possible that the interviewer longing for a certain result has undermined the reality of the result.
In addition, the arguer makes another fallacy — a cause-effect fallacy. Lacking of evidence, the arguer unjustly assumes that stimulating the electrical activity of LPL will attribute to create a feeling of happiness. Yet, perhaps being happy may not result from but result in a high activity of LPL since common sense informs me that happiness can cause biological changes in most human being. Even it is the case, there is still a good chance that other factors dominant the activity of LPL and therefore take in charge of emotion. Simply stimulating LPL may not boost happiness but other negative emotion, such as sadness, depression, or disinterest. Because it is generally accepted that human being’s brain is so complicated and delicated that a trifle movement may cause an unexpected or even undesirable consequence. Hence, specific evidence should be shown to support the claim that stimulating the LPL can raise one’s happiness without other negative effects.
Even the causal relationship does exist between the activity of LPL and happiness, the recommendation still cannot be well established. Stimulating the LPL may be a way to make one happy but may not be an effective way to treat for clinical depression. The arguer overlooks other factors which may affect the feeling of happiness as much as, if more than, stimulating LPL, e.g., friendship, relative’s support or soul mate’s understanding. Besides, if the clinical depression is caused by the lost function of LPL, then, this treatment may seldom, if ever, act effective.
After further consideration, the argument is not persuasive but unreasonable and unjust. Therefore, to better established causal relationship between the activity of LPL and the happy feeling, more information about the research should be provided; to better support the recommendation, the arguer need to rule out other possibilities.