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[资料分享] 0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】第七期——名词 [复制链接]

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发表于 2009-11-21 00:10:17 |显示全部楼层

cicialice学习笔记

o 结尾的名词,变复数时:
  a. s,如:
photo---photos
piano---pianos

        

radio---radios
 

 zoo---zoos
  b. es,如:potato--potatoes tomato--tomatoes
c. 均可,如:zero---zeros / zeroes
记得原来的老师总结过的规律是:字母个数是奇数的加s,是偶数的就加es~


注意:与 man woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是 -men -women
 如: an Englishman, two Englishmen.German不是合成词,故复数形式为GermansBowman是姓,其复数是the Bowmans


定语名词的复数
名词作定语一般用单数,但也有以下例外。

 1) 用复数作定语。
  
如:sports meeting 运动会

     students reading-room 学生阅览室 
     talks table 谈判桌 
     the foreign languages department 外语系

2) man, woman, gentleman等作定语时,其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定
 
如:men workers  women teachers
gentlemen officials


3) 有些原有s结尾的名词,作定语时,s保留。
 
如:goods train (货车)

    arms produce 武器生产
    customs papers 海关文件
    clothes brush衣刷

4) 数词+名词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式。
 如:two-dozen eggs 两打/(二十四个鸡蛋) 
 
  a ten-mile walk 十里路 


   two-hundred trees 两百棵树

 
  a five-year plan. 一个五年计划


个别的有用复数作定语的,如: a seven-years child

在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时,名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词,
如:
the barber's 理发店

复合名词或短语,'s 加在最后一个词的词尾。
 
如:
a month or two's absence

容易误用为复数的不可数名词(这些名词一般不能用作复数,谓语动词用单数)
  advice 建议,忠告 living 生活,生计

  equipment 装备,设备 progress 前进,发展
  furniture 家具,设备 scenery 风景,景色
  information 通知;信息 machinery 机器,机械
  knowledge 知识,学问 traffic 交通流量
  baggage / luggage 行李,皮箱 trouble 烦恼,麻烦
  cash 现金 thunder 雷声,轰隆声
  apparatus 仪器 weather 天气,处境
  clothing 衣服 work 工作,劳动
  paper 纸,钞票 luck 运气,幸运
  technology 工艺,技术 jewelry 珠宝

and连接两个名词表示一个概念做主语时,谓语用单数; 若表示的是多个不同的概念时,谓语动词用复数。
  War and peace is a constant theme in literature.

  战争与和平是文学中永恒的主题。(War and peace是一对概念,看作一个主题)
  同例: ham and eggs n.火腿蛋 steam and bread
  law and order
bread and butter

  apple pie and ice cream
folk and knife

  wheel and axle 轮轴
needle and thread

  love and hate
egg and rice
蛋炒饭

 
The writer and translator is delivering a speech in our university tonight. (指同一个人)
  The writer and the translator are delivering a speech in our university tonight. (指两个人)

many a, more than one + 单数可数名词,尽管表示复数意义, 谓语仍用单数。
  Many a student has made such a mistake.

  More than one stranger agrees with me.
  [注意]
  在“more + 复数名词 + than one”结构作主语时,谓语动词用复数
  More persons than one have been involved. 卷入其中的远不止一人。

every and every ; each and each; no and no; many a and many a 等连接的并列主语,谓语动词用单数。
  Every man and every woman working here is getting along well with me.

  No difficulty and no hardship has discouraged him.

the + adj / v-ed 表示一类人时, 用复数谓语动词; 表示抽象概念时, 谓语动词用单数。
  The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.

  病人得到了医治,失踪的也找回来了。
  同例: the poor / dumb / innocent / guilty / unemployed / aged / oppressed / exploited
  We can do the difficult first. The impossible takes a little longer.
  我们先从难题开始,不会的可能花的时间长一些。
  The best is yet to come. 好戏还在后头。

当主语由 a series of…, a portion of …, a species of …, a kind of …, a sequence of …, a chain of…, a piece of 加名词(单数或复数)构成时, 谓语用单数。
  A series of lectures on psychology is said to be given by Mr. Li.

  A large portion of her poems was published after her death.
Alice~管他过去过不去的~!

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