For 1: C,D,E are wrong answers not inferred from the passage. A is out of scope. B is correct because of the sentence "they deserve more attention for their
importance in helping individuals forge enduring bonds of community and identity beyond
domestic life"
For 2: A,E are clear wrong answers. C is too far of a stretch. B is also eliminated because nowhere in the passage really talks that much about political participation. D is correct because of the sentence "[T]hese kinds of experiences were no substitute for
actual political entitlements". Watch the phrase "no substitute for", as it argues about the utter importance of formal political participation as a component of public life