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88"Technologies not only influence but actually determine social customs and ethics."
立场:科技确实影响风俗和道德,但并不能决定它们。是人们自己决定了这些意识形态
1. 风俗和道德的形成、发展经历很长的过程。
2. 是人们创造了风俗和道德。
3. 科技影响确实影响了风俗和道德,有的甚至使它们到了崩溃的边缘。还是人们去修复、完善它们,使之步入正途。
I concede that technologies influence the social customs and ethics, however, they can not determine them. Actually, it is people who determine social customs and ethics by their thoughts, standards of activities and perspectives of the value and life through a long period of time rather than technologies themselves.
The system of customs and ethics has experienced a long process of trial and error from initiation, modification, replenishment, development till to mature. In ancient society, our ancestors had to cooperate each other to prey on wild animals, or else, they would confront the danger of starving. So teamwork, a kind of virtue, came into being. They allotted for what the hunters gained more to elders and children than to the adults, in which we learn the origin of respecting the old and caring for the youth. Later on, when people bartered what they cannot consume for necessities, and then equity, a trading rule, appeared. It is difficult to enumerate the origins of all social mores and ethics, however, each one have an enduring process, and till today they have already entrenched in people's mind.
How does one dare to say that it is just the technologies determine these ideological stuffs? If so, he or she is very presumptuous. From the forming process of customs and ethics, it is people themselves who established them, it is through their thoughts, standards of value that they determine which activity is moral and which one is immoral. And those were deemed as moral perpetuated and became today's conventions and ethical standards. Although someone may argue that materials really determine ideologies, these conceptions only belong to the philosophic category, customs and ethics are far from determined by practical things. Even so, it does not follow that technology is the decisive factor for them.
However, do technologies have no any bearing with social customs and ethics? No at all, actually, they have deep impact on them. Nowadays many traditional moral standards are challenged due to the introduction of technologies. Many of them have to complement and amend themselves to meet today's needs. For example, the nuclear technology all too often threatens the lives of mankind all over the world; the cloning technology damage today's moralities if it was used to clone people themselves. But the previous ethical standards can not relate concerning new technologies at all, so it is the responsibility of people themselves to change them to employ these technologies to the beneficial aspects, while avoid their disadvantages. Furthermore, even some moralities are encountering the edge of collapse due to technologies. For instance, the medicine technology and advanced medical apparatus make abortion and euthanasia possible, which seriously damage the traditional moralities, and people still cannot determine these activities are true or not in light of today’s standards. It is also people’s duty to do their utmost to make them on the right track.
In the last analysis, technologies do influence social customs and ethics, even some seriously destroy them, but they can never determine them. It is people who create them in the initial era, it is also people who amend and perfect them if they are outdated and greatly damaged. We should abide by proper ethical standards to make the world a beautiful and stable place. |
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