[经验感悟] 非传统: Foolproof Guide To A 340 on GRE - 更新于2013.11.12   [复制链接]

速度得以提高在于计时，我开始会把长文章卡在9:45, 然后统计正确率。也就是 3-4分钟读，5分钟做题。

然后慢慢15s, 15s往下卡，我最终长阅读基本是6分钟-7分钟，3-4分钟读，两分钟选。另外我基本不定位。除了个别排除不掉的选项会回去排除，都是直接选。这个结果是用36套卡出来的。

卡时间过程中分析每一篇文章用时，记录。并且blind review时候同样计时。

我最后的结果是长文章6分钟，短文章（2-3道题哪种)3分钟。 多选题 2分钟。逻辑题(任何逻辑题）1分钟以内。

1) it covers EVERY major scientific discovery/issue EVER. It is highly likely that the book covers whatever scientific issue your passage will be about.

2) It's dense and it's science-for-non-scientists, just like GRE passages.

3) It is very interesting and enjoyable.

1, Turn off your cell phone when you study.

2, Keep the motivation.

3, Never look back

第一步，打开word,写上要读的文章， 然后精读文章，用5分钟（以后逐渐减少，最终目标是3分钟到3分30s）

第二步，根据你的记忆，按照文章所给的内容，写出你能记忆的所有的东西，顺序写

第三步，写出中心论点，比如 Though China is making efforts to clean its air, it will be a long time before benefits are seen and problems will continue to arise.

第四步，根据记忆写每一个段落的作用，比如 Background information, current problem, elucidating ways to read information given, return to problem and potential short-term solution, problems for that as well. Conclusion no clear cut solution but changes are being made.

第五步，写出作者的观点，态度

1) Why is the right answer right?
2) Why is my wrong answer wrong?
3) What about the right answer made me think it was wrong?
4) What about the wrong answer made me think it was right?

The first two are the normal review questions, but the second two are arguably more important. Those ones are going to tell you which errors in reasoning you're committing, and they're going to tell you which tricks the test-writers are using that you fall for.

1. Out of Scope
• Introduces an unwarranted assertion supported nowhere in the passage.
• Might be “Real-World Plausible.” That is, the answer might be true or seem to be true in the real world. However, if the answer is not supported in the passage, it is out of scope.

2. Direct Contradiction
• States the exact opposite of something asserted in the passage.
• Paradoxically attractive, because it relates to the passage closely. If you miss one contrast or switchback in the trail, you can easily think a Direct Contradiction is the right answer.

3. Mix-Up
• Scrambles together disparate content from the passage.
• Tries to trap the student who simply matches language, not meaning.

4. One Word Wrong
• Just one word (or maybe 2) is incorrect. Includes extreme words.
• More prevalent in General questions.

5. True but Irrelevant
• True according to the passage, but does not answer the given question.
• May be too narrow or simply unrelated.

Definitely go the extra mile on each question. You can study only a third of the questions that someone else studies and learn more, if you really dig into what makes a great "wrong" answer choice.

Great "wrong" answer choices are ones that play off an easily followed misunderstanding of the passage or argument. There are frequently several common misreads of an argument that lead us to very specific wrong answer choices. Try and categorize incorrect answers as well, as being wrong for specific but generic reasons - detail creep, issue of degree, reversed logic, etc.

The more you see that the wrong answers are wrong for consistently the same reasons, the easier time you will have in making some of those final eliminations you'll need to make under tons of pressure.

Rate your confident on a 1-5 scale, 5 means confident when you eliminate the answer choice.

In 1974 the speed limit on highways in the United
States was reduced to 55 miles per hour in order to
save fuel. In the first 12 months after the change, the
rate of highway fatalities dropped 15 percent, the
sharpest one-year drop in history. Over the next 10
years, the fatality rate declined by another 25 percent.
It follows that the 1974 reduction in the speed limit
saved many lives.

Which one of the following, if true, most strengthens
the argument?
(A) The 1974 fuel shortage cut driving sharply for
more than a year.
(B) There was no decline in the rate of highway
fatalities during the twelfth year following the
reduction in the speed limit.
(C) Since 1974 automobile manufacturers have
been required by law to install lifesaving
equipment, such as seat belts, in all new cars.
(D) The fatality rate in highway accidents
involving motorists driving faster than 55
miles per hour is much higher than in
highway accidents that do not involve
motorists driving at such speeds.
(E) Motorists are more likely to avoid accidents by
matching their speed to that of the
surrounding highway traffic than by driving
at faster or slower speeds.

Antarctic seals dive to great depths and stay submerged for hours. They do not rely solely on oxygen held in their lungs, but also store extra oxygen in their blood. Indeed, some researchers hypothesize that for long dives these seals also store oxygenated blood in their spleens.
Each of the following, if true, provides some support for the researchers’ hypothesis EXCEPT:
(A) Horses are known to store oxygenated blood in their spleens for use during exertion.
(B) Many species of seal can store oxygen directly in their muscle tissue.
(C) The oxygen contained in the seals’ lungs and bloodstream alone would be inadequate to support the seals
during their dives.
(D) The spleen is much larger in the Antarctic seal than in aquatic mammals that do not make long dives.
(E) The spleens of Antarctic seals contain greater concentrations of blood vessels than are contained in most of their other organs.

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Ninety-eight percent of mosquito larvae in a
pond die within minutes after the pond has
been treated with BTI. Yet BTI is not toxic to
fish, birds, animals, plants, or beneficial
insects. So by using BTI regularly to destroy
their larvae, you can greatly reduce
populations of pesky mosquitoes that hatch in
your pond, and you can do so without
diminishing the populations of fish, frogs, or
beneficial insects in and around the pond.

Which one of the following is an assumption on
which the argument depends?

(A) The most effective way to control the numbers
of mosquitoes in a given area is to destroy the
mosquito larvae in that area.
(B) Populations of mosquitoes are not dependent
on a single body of water within an area as a
place for their larvae to hatch and develop.
(C) There are no insect pests besides mosquitoes
that pond owners might want to eliminate
from in and around their ponds.
(D) The effectiveness of BTI in destroying
mosquito larvae in a pond does not require
the pond owner’s strict adherence to specific
application procedures.
(E) The fish, frogs, and beneficial insects in and
around a pond-owner’s pond do not depend
on mosquito larvae as an important source of
food.

What is life? I am not going to answer this question. In fact, I doubt if it will ever be possible to give a full answer. We all know what it feels like to be alive, just as we know what redness or pain or effort are. But how can we describe life in terms of something else? We might try some such expression as “the influence of spirit on matter.” But even if you are sure that people, and even dogs, have spirits, it requires a lot of faith to find a spirit in an oyster or a potato. So we should have to define life in terms of matter.
In ordinary life we recognize living things partly by their shape and texture, but these do not change for some hours after death. In the case of mammals and birds we are sure they are dead if they are cold, but this test will not work on a frog or a snail. We know an animal like a cat or a bumblebee is alive if it moves when touched, but in the case of a plant the only test is whether it will grow, and this may take months to find out.
All these definitions agree in being physical tests. Given that they all prove wanting, I think we can learn a lot more about life from a chemical than from a physical approach.

Select the sentence in which the author identifies an aspect common to existing definitions of life.

What is life? I am not going to answer this question. In fact, I doubt if it will ever be possible to give a full answer. （看上去像是背景信息）We all know what it feels like to be alive, just as we know what redness or pain or effort are. But （注意转折） how can we describe life in terms of something else? We might try some such expression as “the influence of spirit on matter.” But even if you are sure that people, and even dogs, have spirits, it requires a lot of faith to find a spirit in an oyster or a potato. So we should have to define life in terms of matter.（这句话明显是结论，life is not a matter of spirit but matter)
In ordinary life we recognize living things partly by their shape and texture（看到这里下一居猜测一定会反驳）, but these do not change for some hours after death. In the case of mammals and birds we are sure they are dead if they are cold, but this test will not work on a frog or a snail. We know an animal like a cat or a bumblebee is alive if it moves when touched, but in the case of a plant the only test is whether it will grow, and this may take months to find out. (这里在说如何定义Life， partially by shape and texture)
All these definitions agree in being physical tests. Given that they all prove wanting, I think we can learn a lot more about life from a chemical than from a physical approach. （这句话是作者的观点）

PEAR 也就是 Pause, 读完每个段落停下来， Evaluate, 总结大意，思考此段落的作用。 Anticipate, 预期下一段会讲什么。 Reassess, 读完下一段再对第二步的evaluate进行评估。 读下一段接着继续PEAR 直到全文读完 Reassess全文并清晰了解全文的行文方式和逻辑构思。

background info, one point of view, evidence for supporting this point of view, an experiment, explain a concept, contrast a concept, refute a concept/solution/opinion, argue for an opinion

         Many literary detectives have pored over a great      
       puzzle concerning the writer Marcel Proust: what
       happened in 1909?（注意开始处理这些信息，detectives are asking what happened in 1909)
       How did Contre Saint-Beuve,
       an essay attacking the methods of the critic Saint-
(5)   Beuve, turn into thestart of the novel Remembrance
       of Things past? (这里注意三个大写，CSB SB RoT三部作品，加工处理后变为CSB从攻击SB方法的作品变成了RoT的一部分）
       A recently published letter form Proust
       to the editor Vallette confirms that Fallois, theeditor of
       the 1954 edition of Contre Saint-Beuve, made an essentially
       correct guess about the relationship of the essay
(10) to the novel. （三个名字 P, V, F, P writes to V, andthe letter confirms F guesses it the about the relationship between CSB SB RoT)
       Fallois proposed that Proust had tried to
       begin a novel in 1908, abandoned it for what was tobe
       a long demonstration of saint Beuve's blindness tothe
       real nature of great writing, found the essay giving rise
       to personal memories and fictional developments, and
(15) allowed these to take over in a steadily developing novel.
       这是长难句的一句话，F thinks P started his novel in 1908, deserted a tradition of SB (这个tradition是 blindness to the true nature，这里有疑问，什么是 true nature,为什么SB会ignore这个nature) and included personal memories and fictional developments and make it a steadily traits.
到这里Pause 思考这段话讲了什么，首先提出现象，detectives好奇1909发生了什么， 作品关系放生了转变，注意到这几个名字的位置， P, V, F
Anticipiate下一段会讲上一段我们的疑问，也就是为什么SB ignore writing nature.

       Draft passages in Proust's 1909 notebooks indicate
       that the transition from essay to novel began inContre
       Saint-Beuve, when Proust introduced several examples
       to show the powerful influence that involuntary memory
(20) exerts over the creative imagination. (这句话很多抽象词，P 1909年开始这种转变，这时候P展示了involuntary memoey exert over-这个意思是影响 imagination)
       In effect, in trying
       to demonstrate that the imagination is more profound
       and less submissive to the intellect thanSaint-Beuve
       assumed, Proust elicited vital memories of his own
       and, finding subtle connections between them, began
(25) to amass the material for Remembrance. （读到这里会心一笑，有没有啊哈moment,回答了上文问题，因为SB submissive to intellect，所以P开始了转变，另外这种比较级多半是考题）
       By August,
       Proust was writing to Vallette, informing him of his
       intention to develop the material as a novel. Mauice
       Bardèche（名字）, in Marcel Proust, romancier has shown the
       importance in the drafts of Remembrance of sponta-
(30) neous and apparently random associations of Proust's
       subconscious. （这里通过P给V写信证实了这种转变）
       As incidents and reflections occurred to
       Proust, he continually inserted new passage saltering
       and expanding his narrative. But he found itdifficult
       to control the drift of his inspiration. （你这里知道下一句一定会解释这个问题，why?  Becaue it's GRE passage.）
       The very richness
(35) and complexity of the meaningful relationships that kept
       presenting and rearranging themselves on all levels,from
       abstract intelligence to profound dreamy feelings,made
       it difficult for Proust to set them out coherently.(果然解释了这个问题，因为complexity relationship.)
       The beginning of control came when he saw how to
(40) connect the beginning and the end of his novel. (停，这里又为下一段开了一个喙头。How P controls this)

到这里继续Pause， Evaluate这一段，回答上段问题，指明原因，Anticipate下一段会解释P怎么控制这种关系的。

       Intrigued by Proust's claim that he had “begun and
       finished” Remembrance at the same time, Henri Bonnet (名字）
       discovered that parts of Remembrance's last book were
       actually started in 1909. （interesting,继续读）
       Already in that year, Proust
(45) had drafted descriptions of his novel's characters in
       their old age that would appear in the final book of
       Remembrance, where the permanence of art is set against
       the ravages of time. The letter to Vallette, drafts of the
       essay and novel, and Bonnet's research esestablish in
(50) broad outline the process by which Proust generated his
       novel out of the ruins of his essay. （到这里为止，我们没有猜中，这里讲了P RoT的写作时间）
       But （转折） those of us who
       hoped, with Kolb, that Kolb's newly published complete
       edition of Proust's correspondence for 1909 would  （看到这个词你知道下面一定会是一句转折的话）
       document the process in greater detail are disappointed.(bingo,转折的写出了“我们很失望”）
       For
(55) until Proust was confident that he was at last in sight of a
       viable structure for Remembrance, he told few  （注意modifier）correspondents
       that he was producing anything more ambitious
       than Contre Saint-Beuve.

Pause & Reassess 全篇以SB到RoT关系为线索，引出 P转变的原因，同时指出P写作RoT的时间。 作者态度？ Objective, 客观的。但是结尾处表达了 disappointed, 认为K的作品并未详细document这个过程。

       Kolb's newly publishedcomplete
       edition of Proust's correspondence for 1909 would document
       the process in greater detail are disappointed

       A recently published letter form Proust
       to the editor Vallette confirms that Fallois, the editorof
       the 1954 edition of Contre Saint-Beuve

             Proust
       (45)had drafted descriptions of his novel's characters in
             their old age that would appear in the final book of
             Remembrance, where the permanence of art is set against
             the ravages of time

             Proust introduced several examples
             to show the powerfulinfluence that involuntary memory
     (20)  exerts over the creative imagination. In effect, in trying
             to demonstrate that the imagination is more profound
             and less submissive to the intellect than Saint-Beuve
             assumed, Proust elicitedvital memories of his own
             and, finding subtle connections between them, began
      (25) to amass the material for Remembrance

第一遍是在背完单词，这个时候主要是巩固单词同时对句子之间逻辑结构有一定认识。

第二遍建议在拿下阅读之后做。重点练迅速破题能力，哪些词是关键词(比如 therefore, however, nonetheless这些标志性词语） ，哪些是入手点（比如强对比，程度递进，并注意总结这些用法)

第三遍可以在考前一个月做。这这遍的练习是最重要的，练习在句子不完整的情况下读出句子的大意，并且有一个大的概念。这次练习读三遍句子，1读大意，2，选词，3再读一遍句子保证句子通顺。然后果断下一题。如果错题，总结错误类型，比如马虎/没读懂/单词障碍

crazyrobin 发表于 2013-3-9 16:53
再占一楼

yzy0704 发表于 2013-3-9 18:04
赞罗宾大哥！！PS，我女朋友现在还满脑子都是你呢，我要把她抢回来╭(╯ε╰)╮