[问答] 再发NO.6第一套Section4的短阅读 [复制链接]

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沙发

发表于 2011-7-21 15:55:26 |只看该作者

整理一下页面，太密了看不清。

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ldmt
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板凳

发表于 2011-7-21 16:11:35 |只看该作者

2# 苏梳眠 就最底下的是我想说的，上面的是百度知道里的问题和答案。

qiong89223
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地板

发表于 2011-8-27 21:57:03 |只看该作者

同问这篇短阅读：
Some modern anthropologists hold that biological evolution has shaped not only human morphology but also human behavior. The role those anthropologists ascribe to evolution is not of dictating the details of human behavior but one of imposing constraints—ways of feeling, thinking, and acting that "come naturally" in archetypal situations in any culture.Our "frailties" –emotions and motives such as rage, fear, greed, gluttony, joy, lust, love—may be a very mixed assortment, but they share at least one immediate quality: we are, as we say, "in the grip" of them. And thus they give us our sense of constraints.Unhappily, some of those frailties—our need for ever-increasing security among them—are presently maladaptive. Yet beneath the overlay of cultural detail, they, too, are said to be biological in direction, and therefore as natural to us as are our appendixes. We would need to comprehend thoroughly their adaptive origins in order to understand how badly they guide us now. And we might then begin to resist their pressure.

24. The primary purpose of the passage is to present正确答案为A
A.a position on the foundations of human behavior and on what those foundations imply.
为什么不选E. an overview of those human emotions and motives that impose constraints on human behavior.

26. Whic of the following most probably provides an appropriate analogy from human morphology for the "details" versus "constraints" distinction made in the passage in relation to human behavior？正确答案为E
E. The greater lung capacity of mountain peoples that helps them live in oxgen-poor air as against people's inability to fly without special apparatus.
为什么不选B. The ability of even the least fortunate people to show compassion as against people's inability to mask their feelings completely.

27.It can be inferred that in his discussion of maladaptive frailties the author assumes that正确答案选E
E.changes in the total human environment can outpace evolutionary change
为什么不选D. the designation of a characteristic as being maladaptive most always remain highly tentative.

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5楼

发表于 2011-8-27 22:19:48 |只看该作者

同问这篇短阅读：
Some modern anthropologists hold that biological evolution has shaped not only human morphology but also human behavior. The role those anthropologists ascribe to evolution is ...
qiong89223 发表于 2011-8-27 21:57

24. 第一句话：
Some modern anthropologists hold that biological evolution has shaped not only human morphology but also human behavior.
not only..but also为主的句子，一般关注but also后面的成分。
因此本文的中心是围绕human behavior展开。
继续往后读。后面介绍了evolution对于human behavior的作用，frailties施加constraints。
最后文章对于这些影响做出了自己的评价。
在来看选项，E仅仅是文章的一部分。而A不仅阐述了evolution对于human behavior，更重要是观点的表达。

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6楼

发表于 2011-8-27 22:32:44 |只看该作者

本帖最后由苏梳眠于 2011-8-27 22:40 编辑

26.
题目时让你找到analogy。
The role those anthropologists ascribe to evolution is not of dictating the details of human behavior but one of imposing constraints—ways of feeling, thinking, and acting that "come naturally" in archetypal situations in any culture.
这句话对于constraints进行了解释，for example，你是中国人，一出生下来自然是按照中国文化的环境和模式进行思考，而不是按照美国文化的模式进行思考。这就是constraints。
而details，个人认为是具体的操作方式和方向。
E选项：The greater lung capacity of mountain peoples that helps them live in oxgen-poor air as against people's inability to fly without special apparatus.
肺活量好当然在稀薄的空气里能够活得久，这是具体的detail。但是人是不能飞的，按照上面的解释，人一出生就得按照人的模式生活，不能按照鸟的模式生活，这就是constraints.
B选项，最不幸的人表示慈悲，但是也可能不表现慈悲，这只是possibility中的一种，不能算作方向，同时人不能完全掩饰其情感，这点从何而来，人也可以不掩饰其情感，这个constraint又从何而来。

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7楼

发表于 2011-8-27 22:46:20 |只看该作者

27. Yet beneath the overlay of cultural detail, they, too, are said to be biological in direction, and therefore as natural to us as are our appendixes. 这句话是关键。
frailties可能是人类大的生物进化方向，但是也可能对于我们来说是附属。
一主一次，表明其作用的可变性。
biological in direction表明了evolutionary change，而as natural to us as are our appendixes表明了changes in the total human environment 。
D表明了一个难以适应的特点，具有高度的不确定性。
应该说不是特点的不确定，应该是其作用的不确定。是主要还是appendix。

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