[主题活动] Argument写作入门-中间段核心步骤：探索其他可能性 [复制链接]

tesolchina
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发表于 2015-1-7 23:09:42 |只看该作者 |倒序浏览

本帖最后由 tesolchina 于 2015-10-1 22:06 编辑

前面两讲重点讨论了开头段的写法，包括如何梳理和概括结论、论据以及如何根据题目要求写主旨句。第三讲重点介绍中间段的写法。

请致函ETS要求公开issue和argument具体分数

其实中间段，无论哪一种题型最核心的步骤只有一个-探索其他可能性。几乎所有的中间段都是围绕着这个步骤展开的。

我们来分析一篇ETS提供的范文-之前Dr_JohnDoe也讨论过： https://bbs.gter.net/thread-1481123-1-1.html

这里重点关注中间段。

1 The first piece of evidence that we would need in order to evaluate Dr. Karp’s claims
is information about whether or not Tertia and the surrounding island group have
changed significantly in the past 20 years. 2 Dr. Field conducted his observational study
20 years ago, and it is possible that Tertia has changed significantly since then.    3 For
example, if we had evidence that in the intervening years Westerners had settled on
the island and they introduced a more typical Western-style family structure, it would
certainly weaken Dr. Karp’s argument.    4 In that case, the original study could have been
accurate, and Dr. Karp’s study could be correct, as well, though his conclusion that Dr.
Field’s method is ineffective would be seriously weakened.

好吧玩一个弱智的配对题吧

a  指出和上句相关的某种可能性
b 指出如果这种可能性成立会有什么结论
c 具体举例展开讨论这种可能性
d 提出需要哪方面的证据

答案
见2楼

1 Another piece of evidence that might help us evaluate this claim involves the exact
locations where Dr. Karp’s interviews took place.    2 According to this article, Dr. Karp
and his graduate students conducted interviews of “children living in the group of islands
that includes Tertia.”    3 If we were to learn that they never interviewed a single Tertian
child, it would significantly weaken the conclusion.    4 It could turn out to be the case, for
example, that children on Tertia are raised communally, whereas children on other
islands nearby are raised by their biological parents.

继续配对

a 复述原题论证中的某个部分
b 提出需要哪方面的证据
c 具体举例展开讨论这种可能性
d 指出和上句相关的某种可能性

答案
见2楼

1 In order to fully evaluate this article, we would also need to learn more about the
interview questions that Dr. Karp’s team used. 2 What exactly did they ask?    3 We
don’t know, nor do we know what the children’s responses actually were. 4 What did they
say about their biological parents?    5 The mere fact that they speak more frequently about
their biological parents than they do about other adults does not meant that they are
raised by their biological parents.    6 It would significantly undermine Dr. Karp’s argument
if it turned out that the children said things like how much they missed their parents or
how their parents had left them in a communal environment.    7 Without knowing WHAT
the children said, it is hard to accept Dr. Karp’s conclusion.

继续配对这次有多选哦

a 指出相关信息的匮乏
b 质疑原题对某个事实的诠释
c 提出需要哪方面的证据
d 以提问形式说明需要的证据
e 指出和上句相关的某种可能性
f 指出如果这种可能性成立会有什么结论
g 总结对论证的质疑

答案
见2楼

1 It is slightly more difficult to discuss the evidence we might need in order to
evaluate the more interesting claims in Dr. Karp’s article, namely his extension of the
results of his study to a conclusion that interview-centered methods are inherently
more valid than observational-centered approaches.    2 In order to fully evaluate this
claim, in fact, we would need to look at many more examples of interview-based and
observation-based anthropological studies and we would also need to look into
different study designs. 3 Perhaps Dr. Field did not conduct an effective observational
study, but other observational approaches could be effective. 4 In order to make such
grandiose claims, Dr. Karp really needs a lot of additional evidence (ideally a meta -
analysis of hundreds of anthropological studies).

b 提出需要哪方面的证据  a 复述原题论证中的某个部分
c 具体说明需要的证据
d 指出和上句相关的某种可能性
c 具体说明需要的证据

答案
见2楼

晚点再增加一些写作练习