[同主题写作] 0510G同主题写作第八期－－Issue136 [复制链接]

136."The absence of choice is a circumstance that is very, very rare."

7月份出现4次。

很明显，这道题里最关键的词语就是choice，因此这个词的定义对于理解这道题目来说是很关键的。What is choice? 下面首先给出choice的定义。

网络上查询choice在英文的定义结果：
·The person or thing chosen or selected.

·The act of choosing or selecting.

·Option: one of a number of things from which only one can be chosen.

·Choice is that mental process of thinking involved with the process of judging the merits of multiple options and selecting one for action. Simple examples can be to choose to be good or wicked in personal behavior, or to select a route to make a journey across a country.

·One of the possible responses that a participant might select. Choices contain the correct answer/s and distracters.

·Action based on one's volition, will, desire.

·The process whereby a living being (or part of one) discriminates between two or more symbols.

·A process that "actively helps users seek and acquire alternative sources of information and learn about their options,"

·Is the preferential determination between things proposed, selection, election, the power, right or faculty of choosing, option. During Initiations, choice involves separation, which is the action of parting, of setting or keeping apart, to make a severance or division, the action of separating oneself, withdrawing, or parting company.

·A selection among alternative goods, services or actions.

·Preference either of a person or thing, to one of several other persons or things. Election.

·An item that users may select. Choices appear in selection fields, menu bars, and drop-down menus.

从以上的几个定义中不能发现，choice有这样两个主要的意思：（1）选择的过程，或者选择本身；（2）能够被选择的内容。对于题目的分析也要随时围绕着choice的定义。

这道题目短短的一句话，给的信息就少了，破题的难度也就随之加大了。但是无论如何，题目的意思是“在当今的社会中，缺乏选择的现象是几乎不存在的”，那么，我们首先要回答的问题就是：（1）我们缺乏选择吗？

这样的问题不外乎两种答案：是，或不是。我们先来看“是”的情况。常听到人们说：“我们没的选择。”承认缺少选择，那么缺少的是什么？是能够用来被选择的候选物呢，还是选择本身、或者说是选择的权利？这两个概念不能搞混了。“缺乏能够用来被选择的候选物”，譬如，到书店里去寻找关于某个哲学流派的书籍，然而书店里却没有这方面的书籍，更不用说在书籍之间选择了；没有可以被选择的东西，何谈选择。“缺乏选择的权利”，譬如，现在大家都在为出国留学而奋斗，都要准备种种出国考试，如ITELS，TOFEL、GRE、TSE、GMAT、LAST等等，但是如果你准备去北美地区的法学院读研究生的话，就只能考LAST，你没有选择的权利。把问题的答案想仔细、清楚了，论点也就出来了。

接下来，我们看“不是”的情况，即同意题目的观点，我们“没有缺乏选择”。这里有一点要注意，“不缺乏选择”并不等于“选择过剩”，因此接下去我们可以问自己两个问题：（2）我们所拥有的选择正好是足够吗？（3）我们是否面临选择过剩的情况？不同的观点会引出不同的答案。对于问题（2），效仿问题（1）的回答和分析，就应该是这样一来的情况：在我们面前可供我们选择的东西足够多，而与此同时我们也有选择的权利。这是一个相对完美，也相对简单的状况；而问题（3）则要稍微复杂一点。面对选择过剩，我们如何应对？经常听到会有人说：“可选的东西太多了，反而不知道该怎么选了。”的确，在过多的候选物面前，人们可能无法判断出各个候选物之间的相对好坏，更不用说下手选择了。记得国家审计局长李金华曾说过这样一句话：把所有人都得罪了，就是谁也不得罪了。把这句话套用过来，是不是可以说：选择太多了，反而就像和没有选择一样了？当然，这样的探讨感觉有点哲学化了，谈不谈，无所谓。回到题目上来，对于问题（3），还可以谈谈选择过剩会带来什么后果，等等。

以上的分析都是从个人角度出发的，其实这道题目也可以引申到更大的范围上去，社会，或者更确切点，某些人群。例如，社会上的一些思想观念，往往会导致一些人群丧失选择的权利。譬如某些地区、或者行业存在的对女性的性别歧视，导致女性没有选择自己向往、或擅长的工作的权利。另外，像一些贫困地区，缺乏足够的教育设施，或者居民没有能力负担教育的经费，他们的子女就没有选择教育的权利。这些也可以作为写作的内容。

首先要明确的一点是，给参考提纲并不等于就不用对题目进行分析了。事实上，只有自己认真分析了题目，才会对题目有更深刻的理解，也就不太会出现“没东西可写”的情况了。在自己分析过题目之后，如果感觉还是没有完全理解，可以看一下参考提纲，看看有什么地方可以学习、借鉴的。

提纲（1）：
Position: The speaker oversimplifies the issue of choice.
A. On the one hand, economic progress has greatly contributed to people’s freedom of choice in terms of consumption.
B. On the other hand, culturally speaking, diversity is disappointing due to the trend of globalization.
C. Another phenomenon worth pointing out is that people in developed countries enjoy more freedom of choice – politically, materially, or spiritually – than people in the developing world.

提纲（2）：
I strongly agree with the contention that absence of choice is rare circumstance, primarily because this contention accords with common sense and our everyday experience as human beings. Besides, the reverse claim – that we do not have free choice – serves to undermine the notions of moral accountability and human equality, which prerequisite the survival of any democratic society.
A. Our life experience is that we make choice and decisions everyday – on a continual basis. Common sense tells us that humans have free will, and therefore the real absence of choice is, theoretically, nonexistent.
B. Choosing what they like and what they want to be within the restraints of laws is the basic human rights in the democratic nations. Sartre: Human beings should make their choices and should be responsible for the choices. – “Being and Nothingness” - Sartre.
C. People often claim that life’s circumstance leave them with “no choice”. However, in reality often they may have a lot of choices, it is just because they are only considering those choices that are not viable or attractive.
D. People may take the unappealing, even self-defeating as no choice.

提纲（3）：
It is true that we, as the cells of the society, consider and be influenced by the situation of the society. However, human beings should have the freedom of choice as our fundamental human rights.
A. Admittedly, the situation of society may constrain the scope, in which we choose. In every times in the human civilization, human beings had various range in which to choose. However, essentially, human beings have free will to choose.
B. Theoretically, the democratic social and political system allows its citizens to choose the way they think or live, as their basic human rights.
C. Everyday life experience tells us that choices are abundant in our whole lives.