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Issue4 0510同主题外部知识促进本学科发展有拍必回！！ [复制链接]

violayuan
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电梯直达

楼主

发表于 2005-8-20 19:05:35 |只看该作者 |倒序浏览

Issue4 (xdf Issue 228)
题目：
4."No field of study can advance significantly unless outsiders bring their knowledge and experience to that field of study."

题目翻译：
如果没有来源于其他领域的知识和经验，没有一个研究领域会取得显著的进步。
According to this statement, no field of study can advance significantly unless outsiders bring their knowledge and experience to that filed of study. In my point of view this statement is too extreme, in two aspects. First, there exist certain fields of study, which can have a revolution internally despite the reference of outsiders; and secondly, the assistance of outsiders’ knowledge and experience is only one factor in attributing to a momentous progress of a field since the accumulation of former experiences and knowledge, financial support as well as its foreground should all be taken into consideration.
To begin with, it is undeniable that some significant discoveries’ appearance have much to do with cross-discipline communication. It is known to all that the discovery of the double-spiral structured DNA, which stands as a milestone in life sciences and marks the beginning of genetic industry, was described under the cooperation of American biochemist James Watson and British biophysicist Francis Crick in 1953. Another convictive example is the putting up of Nash’s “game theory”----it was first derived from “the game of go”, an ancient Chinese chess and further served as a basic rule in the realm of economy. Therefore certain subject’s revolutions have some reference to the experiences and knowledge of others.
However, this is not the case in respect of every significant advance in each field simply in that not every subject is necessarily an accretion to one another. In spite of some cross-disciplines, such as biochemistry ( a connectional subject of biology and chemistry), there still exist numerous subjects so independent that have little to do with others. Commonly as it maybe, a rhetorical approach may not appear twice in a physicist’s experimental report, neither could it give any help to put the ax in the helve in carrying out the experiment, let alone giving rise to a significant advance in physics.
In other words, the significant advances in one field mainly comes inside the field itself rather than the outside intervention. On the one hand, the generation, existence as well as the development of a field are determined by its own attraction to fascinate human beings, motivated by people’s desire to probe further into the world and their imagination of future. Had people lost their courage in conquering the sky, the airplane will not exist in our life. One the other hand, inner experiences can also give rise to significant advances in field because the accumulation is the basis to step forward in prior to a walking stick from outsiders. Take the history of economics for example, the three founders of “Marginal revolution”(the analysis framework of microeconomics) and Keynes established two main branches (microeconomics and macroeconomics) in economics respectively at the same time, by studying the assimilated former economists’ research. Hence the inner experiences and knowledge plays a more important part in making significant advances.
Moreover, the coming-up of a significant advance is usually resulted in by the cooperation of various factors, including financial resources, human resources and even natural environment; while outsider’s knowledge and experience is only one of them. Without ruling out these factors, it is not justifiable to say that unless outsiders bring their knowledge and experience to a field can it achieve significantly.
In sum, admitting that outsiders’ knowledge and experience do give rise to some contribution to the significant improvement in another field, its own accumulation in development cannot be denied as a basis. In addition, financial support, developmental prospective should be taken into consideration as well.

[ Last edited by violayuan on 2005-8-20 at 19:06 ]

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violayuan
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沙发

发表于 2005-8-20 19:21:40 |只看该作者

outline

outline:
1. 某些重大发现是由交叉学科引起的 egNA结构的发现，纳什均衡的提出
2. 但并非所有学科的每个进步都如此，因为各学科之间并非绝对的互生互促关系 eg: 文学与生物学的发展非直接相关，let alone……
3. 换言之，一个学科的重大发展主要来自于学科内部：
a,发展动力来自学科自身魅力和人类的好奇心对其不断探索
b,学科内部理论创新也能引发学术革命
4. 另外，重大进展往往取决于诸多因素：如资金，外部环境等等。而outsider只是其中之一

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板凳

发表于 2005-8-20 20:00:57 |只看该作者

double-helix

btw:同是今天的issue4
https://bbs.gter.net/viewthre ... &extra=page%3D2

Originally posted by violayuan at 2005-8-20 19:05
Issue4 (xdf Issue 228)
题目：
4."No field of study can advance significantly unless outsiders bring their knowledge and experience to that field of study."

题目翻译：
如果没有来源于 ...

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嘶喊的牧歌
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地板

发表于 2005-8-21 00:00:03 |只看该作者

好。来占一个。

[首先指出一个问题。两段之间要空一行。呵呵。]
According to this statement, no field of study can advance significantly unless outsiders bring their knowledge and experience to that filed of study. [？？如此明显的restate？？] In my point of view [加逗号] this statement is too extreme, in two aspects. First, there exist certain fields of study, which can have a revolution internally despite the reference of outsiders; and secondly, the assistance of outsiders’ knowledge and experience is only one factor in attributing to a momentous progress of a field since the accumulation of former experiences and knowledge, financial support as well as its foreground should all be taken into consideration.
[开头不大好。首先上来就是一句restatement。然后自己观点说得太多了。不够精炼。但是那个巨牛无比的from Socrates to Satre的范文也写了巨长无比的开头。但是他的引入背景故作深沉法显然是咱们很难驾驭的。我个人认为还是call for a balance那个更适合咱。]
To begin with, it is undeniable that some significant discoveries’ appearance have [has] much to do with cross-discipline communication. It is known to all that the discovery of the double-spiral structured DNA, which stands as a milestone in life sciences and marks the beginning of genetic industry, was described under the cooperation of American biochemist James Watson and British biophysicist Francis Crick in 1953. Another convictive example is the putting up of Nash’s “game theory”----it was first derived from “the game of go”, an ancient Chinese chess and further served as a basic rule in the realm of economy. Therefore certain subject’s revolutions have some reference to the experiences and knowledge of others.
[两个问题。
先说不那么重要的。让步段最好不要用To begin with。别人以为你开始正题了呢。而且我师父（鬼鬼）及我个人都不赞成开篇让步。这个问题一直有争议。你可以去搜搜imong或paisley前辈的文章自己决定。
严重问题是。你两个例子都孤零零地摆那儿。完全没有对例子的illustration。因而也就毫无convictive可言。记住要把例子展开。说明它们为什么能为你的TS服务。]
However, this is not the case in respect of every significant advance in each field simply in that not every subject is necessarily an accretion [这个红宝词汇用在这里不知道合适不] to one another. In spite of some cross-disciplines, such as biochemistry (a connectional subject of biology and chemistry), there still exist numerous subjects so independent that have little to do with others. Commonly as it maybe, a rhetorical approach may not appear twice in a physicist’s experimental report, neither could it give any help to put the ax in the helve in carrying out the experiment, let alone giving rise to a significant advance in physics.
[这个例子没说明白。让人晕乎乎的。也没有illustration对其进行解释。
整个例子很牵强。说服力不够。]
In other words, the significant advances in one field mainly comes [come] inside the field itself rather than the outside intervention. On the one hand, the generation, existence as well as the development of a field are [单复数！] determined by its own attraction to fascinate human beings, motivated by people’s desire to probe further into the world and their imagination of future. Had people lost their courage in conquering the sky, the airplane will not exist in our life. One the other hand, inner experiences can also give rise to significant advances in field because the accumulation is the basis to step forward in prior to a walking stick from outsiders. Take the history of economics for example, the three founders of “Marginal revolution”(the analysis framework of microeconomics) and Keynes established two main branches (microeconomics and macroeconomics) in economics respectively at the same time, by studying the assimilated former economists’ research. Hence the inner experiences and knowledge plays a more important part in making significant advances.
[老问题]
Moreover, the coming-up of a significant advance is usually resulted in by the cooperation of various factors, including financial resources, human resources and even natural environment; while outsider’s knowledge and experience is only one of them. Without ruling out these factors, it is not justifiable to say that unless outsiders bring their knowledge and experience to a field can it achieve significantly.
[这一段个人认为没多大必要。读起来像Argument了。呵呵。]
In sum, admitting that outsiders’ knowledge and experience do give rise to some contribution to the significant improvement in another field, its own accumulation in development cannot be denied as a basis. In addition, financial support, developmental prospective should be taken into consideration as well.
[这个结尾实际上是对立场的重复或对分论点的总括。这样写当然可以。但是如果升华一下或at least做做变换。就会好一些。比如那个专才通才的6分范文。]
[文章例子不少。但几乎没有例证。这可能是你最大的毛病了。语言方面还不错。注意一下单复数问题。加油！:)]

[ Last edited by 嘶喊的牧歌 on 2005-8-21 at 14:14 ]

你过去的理想如今已变成工具了

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violayuan
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5楼

发表于 2005-8-21 01:59:17 |只看该作者

呵呵
谢谢
欢迎互拍！！

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6楼

发表于 2005-8-21 03:10:02 |只看该作者

secondly, the assistance of outsiders’ knowledge and experience is only one factor in attributing to a momentous progress of a field since the accumulation of former experiences and knowledge, financial support as well as its foreground should all be taken into consideration.

how about this:
secondly, the assistance of outsiders’ knowledge and experience is among factors attributing to a momentous progress of a field that should all be taken into consideration such as the accumulation of former experiences and knowledge, financial support as well as its foreground.

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7楼

发表于 2005-8-21 08:40:58 |只看该作者

感觉倒数2，3段不怎么相关。
要论证的是outsiders不是必须，说起他的干什么？
就好像你要证明b不是a的必要条件，你却说c,d是a的必要条件，这和b有关系吗？

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8楼

发表于 2005-8-21 10:51:01 |只看该作者

According to this statement, no field of study can advance significantly unless outsiders bring their knowledge and experience to that filed of study. In my point of view this statement is too extreme, in two aspects. First, there exist certain fields of study, which can have a revolution internally despite the reference of outsiders; 驳必要，goodand secondly, the assistance of outsiders’ knowledge and experience is only one factor in attributing to a momentous progress of a field since the accumulation of former experiences and knowledge, financial support as well as its foreground should all be taken into consideration.驳充分？题目好像没说充分呀……
To begin with, it is undeniable that some significant discoveries’ appearance have much to do with cross-discipline红包词汇^^ communication. It is known to all that the discovery of the double-spiral structured DNA, which stands as a milestone in life sciences and marks the beginning of genetic industry, was described under the cooperation of American biochemist James Watson and British biophysicist Francis Crick in 1953. 人名和时间都记得，赞啊赞，但是如果提及那个搞x-ray衍射照像的女科学家，她是outsider，就更充分了Another convictive example is the putting up of Nash’s “game theory”----it was first derived from “the game of go”, an ancient Chinese chess and further served as a basic rule in the realm of economy. Therefore certain subject’s revolutions have some reference to the experiences and knowledge of others.关于Nash只知道'You are all my reasons' -,-
However, this is not the case in respect of every significant advance in each field simply in that not every subject is necessarily an accretion to one another. In spite of some cross-disciplines, such as biochemistry ( a connectional subject of biology and chemistry), there still exist numerous subjects so independent that have little to do with others. Commonly as it maybe, a rhetorical approach may not appear twice in a physicist’s experimental report, neither could it give any help to put the ax in the helve in carrying out the experiment, let alone giving rise to a significant advance in physics.这段结构很好，论点+论据+例证
In other words, the significant advances in one field mainly comes inside the field itself rather than the outside intervention. On the one hand, the generation, existence as well as the development of a field are determined by its own attraction to fascinate human beings, motivated by people’s desire to probe further into the world and their imagination of future. Had people lost their courage in conquering the sky, the airplane will not exist in our life. One the other hand, inner experiences can also give rise to significant advances in field because the accumulation is the basis to step forward in prior to a walking stick from outsiders. Take the history of economics for example, the three founders of “Marginal revolution”(the analysis framework of microeconomics) and Keynes established two main branches (microeconomics and macroeconomics) in economics respectively at the same time, by studying the assimilated former economists’ research. Hence the inner experiences and knowledge plays a more important part in making significant advances.
Moreover, the coming-up of a significant advance is usually resulted in by the cooperation of various factors, including financial resources, human resources and even natural environment; while outsider’s knowledge and experience is only one of them. Without ruling out these factors, it is not justifiable to say that unless outsiders bring their knowledge and experience to a field can it achieve significantly.是不是有点像argu呀：P觉得还是改成支持新观点比较好
In sum, admitting that outsiders’ knowledge and experience do give rise to some contribution to the significant improvement in another field, its own accumulation in development cannot be denied as a basis. In addition, financial support, developmental prospective should be taken into consideration as well.

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9楼

发表于 2005-8-21 14:15:40 |只看该作者

改好了。
晚上上线可以把word版的传给你。

你过去的理想如今已变成工具了

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10楼

发表于 2005-8-22 01:23:07 |只看该作者

It is tempting to agree with the assertion that only by reference to outsiders' knowledge and experiences can a field achieve signigicant advance on the basis that each field interplays with others. However, the speaker overlooks the inner motivation and devotion of a field during its developmental process.

In one respect I agree with the speaker's contention. It is undeniable that  interworks between different fields plays an increasingly important role in our daily life in respect that a number of theories are derived from , put up with and adapted to several fields respectively. One convictive example is the putting up of Nash’s “game theory”----it was first derived from “the game of go”, an ancient Chinese chess and further served as a basic rule in the realm of economy. Without probing into  "the game of go", there is no material for him to build up the mathmetical mode; without adpating to economics, this theory deserve little to win the Nobile Prize. Therefore certain subject’s revolutions have some reference to the experiences and knowledge of others.

However, this is not the case in respect of every significant advance in each field simply in that not every subject is necessarily  symbiosis  to one another. In spite of some cross-disciplines, such as biochemistry (a connectional subject of biology and chemistry), there still exist numerous subjects so independent that have little to do with others. Commonly as it may be, the development of biography lends little help from literature or economics yet still thrives with numerous momentous accomplishments.
In other words, the significant advances in one field mainly  come inside the field itself rather than the outside intervention. On the one hand, the generation, existence as well as the development of a field is determined by its own attraction to fascinate human beings, motivated by people’s desire to probe further into the world and their imagination of future. Had people lost their courage in conquering the sky, the airplane will not exist in our life. One the other hand, inner experiences can also give rise to significant advances in a field because the accumulation is the basis to step forward in prior to a walking stick from outsiders. Take the history of economics for example, the three founders of “Marginal revolution”(the analysis framework of microeconomics) and Keynes established two main branches (microeconomics and macroeconomics) in economics respectively at the same time, by studying the assimilated former economists’ research rather than resorting to outsiders'. Hence the inner experiences and knowledge plays a more important part in making significant advances.

Without  inner accumulation, a field becomes dependent on outside world and eventually contabesence. Without sharing outsiders' experiences and knowledge, a field becomes inward-looking and hard to step forward. Thus, while impressive progess of a study filed necessitates its own accumulation, outsider's devotion sometimes serve as a thruster.

[ Last edited by violayuan on 2005-8-22 at 04:05 ]

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