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velmawhite
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发表于 2008-1-19 11:59:45 |只看该作者 |倒序浏览

ARGUMENT51 - The following appeared in a medical newsletter.
"Doctors have long suspected that secondary infections may keep some patients from healing quickly after severe muscle strain. This hypothesis has now been proved by preliminary results of a study of two groups of patients. The first group of patients, all being treated for muscle injuries by Dr. Newland, a doctor who specializes in sports medicine, took antibiotics regularly throughout their treatment. Their recuperation time was, on average, 40 percent quicker than typically expected. Patients in the second group, all being treated by Dr. Alton, a general physician, were given sugar pills, although the patients believed they were taking antibiotics. Their average recuperation time was not significantly reduced. Therefore, all patients who are diagnosed with muscle strain would be well advised to take antibiotics as part of their treatment."
字数：498                   日期：2008-1-18

提纲：1针对调查调查人是否足够两组是否可比年轻的受伤部位情况是否相同，没有说明处了用药不同外其他情况是否相同
   2是否所有人都可用抗生素

In this argument, the arguer asserts that all patients who are diagnosed with muscle strain would be well advised to take antibiotics as part of their treatment. To support his assertion, the arguer cites preliminary results of a study of two groups of patients. Patients of one group that took antibiotics regularly healed quickly than expected, while patients of other group who just took sugar pills did not cure not significantly quickly,. By comparing the differences of the results of healing, the arguer assumes that all patients will be heal quickly. It seems logical at first glance, but after careful scrutiny it is full of flaws, and it might be wiser to survey whether the majority are suit for the antibiotics as medicine.

To begin with, the study is too vague to be reliable. First, it does not provide the number of the patients of the two groups. Whether they were equal and whether the number is plenty enough to representative of the general. It is well accepted that if to want to get a validity of a statistical study, one should ensure the sampling extensive. Secondly, it does not indicate how the study was conducted. For example, Can the patients' condition of the two groups be comparable? If the first patients of group are younger than the second one, and if the majority of the first group have never encountered such muscle strain before，while the situation of the second was otherwise. And also the recuperation time will be diverse with differences of the muscle strain position.  Muscle strain in waist may be more difficult to cure than strain in leg. And the study does not point out these variety various factors that can cause the different of recuperation time between the two groups. Thirdly, the study also does not indicate that the treatment besides they have took taking different pills. As the arguer fails to take Without considering and ruling out those possible factors,into account of all those factors that may contribute the validity of the result, the result of the study is not wealthdoubted as an evidence to be cited.

In addition, the arguer fails to believe all patients who face with muscle strain should take antibiotics as part of their treatment. Even if antibiotics can contribute to the healing of muscle strain, not all patients should be advised to do so, as what is well known is that not all people are suit for antibiotics in treatment. Antibiotics as a kind of medicine may arise in side effect treatment. The arguer fails to hasten to draw conclusion that any one should take antibiotics as part of their treatment.

In sum, the arguer fails to believe that all patients who suffer from the muscle strain should be advised to take antibiotics as part of their treatment. To strengthen the argument the arguer should take the situation of the study mentioned above into account, and ensure the factors that influence the validity of the result have been ruled out. To better evaluate the argument, we would need move information about the kind of the antibiotics such as the percentage of patients who suit for this antibiotics in treatment.

红色是我自己改过不要的

[ 本帖最后由 velmawhite 于 2008-1-19 12:12 编辑 ]