求教：晦涩！＋郁闷！ [复制链接]

qindingsy
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电梯直达

楼主

发表于 2004-3-22 23:16:34 |只看该作者 |倒序浏览

各位高手：
这是篇No.题中的短文，小弟看了N遍也没看懂，甚至连题目对着答案也不是很清楚，哪位高手能帮忙逐个解答一下这几道题，万分感谢！
　　　Some modern anthropologists hold
　　that biological evolution has shaped not
　　only human morphology but also human
　　behavior. The role those anthropologists
(5) ascribe to evolution is not of dictating
　　the details of human behavior but one
　　of imposing constraints—ways of
　　feeling, thinking, and acting that
　　"come naturally" in archetypal situations
(10) in any culture. Our "frailties" –emotions
　　and motives such as rage, fear, greed,
　　gluttony, joy, lust, love—may be a
　　very mixed assortment, but they share at
　　least one immediate quality: we are, as
(15) we say, "in the grip" of them. And thus
　　they give us our sense of constraints.
　　　Unhappily, some of those frailties—
　　our need for ever-increasing security
　　among them—are presently maladaptive.
(20) Yet beneath the overlay of cultural
　　detail, they, too, are said to be
　　biological in direction, and therefore as
　　natural to us as are our appendixes. We
　　would need to comprehend thoroughly
(25) their adaptive origins in order to
　　understand how badly they guide us now.
　　And we might then begin to resist their
　　pressure.

　　某些当代人类学家坚持认为，生物进化不仅仅塑造了人类形体，而且亦塑造了人类
行为。这些人类学家所归诸于生物进化的作用，不是规定人类行为的种种细节，而是将
各种限制强加于人类——即在任何文化的典型情景中都会“自然表露”的情感、思维、
以及行动方式。我们的“弱点”——诸如愤怒、恐惧、贪婪、暴食、快乐、淫欲、爱恋
等情感和动机——或许是一种极为含浑的范畴，但它们至少会享着一个直接的特性：如
同我们所说的那样，我们受着它们的“控制支配”。因而，它们赋予我们以某种压抑感。
不幸的是，在所有这些弱点中，某些弱点——其中对不断增加的安全感的需要——
目前处于失调状态。然则，透过文化功节的层迭覆盖，它们同样也被说成是带有生物演
化的趋向，因此对我们来说如同我们的阑尾那样与生俱有，自然正常。我们需要彻底理
解它们适应性的起源，方能弄懂它们现在何等不利地在误导我们。这样一来，我们或许
可以开始抵制它们的压力。

1.
The primary purpose of the passage
is to present
a position on the foundations of
human behavior and on what those
foundations imply
a theory outlining the parallel
development of human morphology and
of human behavior
a diagnostic test for separating
biologically determined behavior patterns
from culture-specific detail
a practical method for resisting the
pressures of biologically determined drives
an overview of those human emotions and
motives that impose constraints on human
behavior

答案：(A)
————————————————————————

2.
The author implies that control to any
extent over the "frailties" that constrain
our behavior is thought to presuppose
that those frailties are recognized as
currently beneficial and adaptive
that there is little or no overlay of
cultural detail that masks their true nature
that there are cultures in which those
frailties do not "come naturally" and from
which such control can be learned
a full understanding of why those
frailties evolved and of how they function
now
a thorough grasp of the principle that
cultural detail in human behavior can differ
arbitrarily from society to society
答案：(D)

————————————————————————

3.
Which of the following most probably
provides an appropriate analogy from human
morphology for the "details" versus
"constraints" distinction made in the passage
in relation to human behavior?
The ability of most people to see all
the colors of the visible spectrum as against
most people's inability to name any but the
primary colors
The ability of even the least fortunate
people to show compassion as against
people's inability to mask their feelings
completely
The ability of some people to dive to
great depths as against most people's
inability to swim long distances
The psychological profile of those
people who are able to delay gratification
as against people's inability to control
their lives completely
The greater lung capacity of mountain
peoples that helps them live in oxygen-poor
air as against people's inability to fly
without special apparatus

答案：(E)
————————————————————————

4.
It can be inferred that in his discussion
of maladaptive frailties the author assumes
that

evolution does not favor the emergence
of adaptive characteristics over the
emergence of maladaptive ones
any structure or behavior not positively
adaptive is regarded as transitory in
evolutionary theory
maladaptive characteristics, once fixed,
make the emergence of other maladaptive
characteristics more likely
the designation of a characteristic as
being maladaptive must always remain
highly tentative
changes in the total human environment
can outpace evolutionary change

答案：(E)
————————————————————————

diver's goal is the ocean!

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yshuai
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沙发

发表于 2010-5-22 22:10:53 |只看该作者

/......我也是，对着答案也看不懂。。。

【2025FALL】全站祈福已开放~~来领祈福章，求offer得offer

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oldboy61
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板凳

发表于 2013-11-4 22:25:19 |只看该作者

我的文章出自36套，题目有所不同，只讲3，4
3, analogy 类比，讲一是detail 即具体特征，constrain即约束，即具体表现对比其所带来的约束。
人可有呼吸的特征，但人的具体特征也决定了没有辅助工具不能飞翔。
4.看原文We would need to comprehend thoroughly their adaptive origins in order to
　　understand how badly they guide us now.　And we might then begin to resist their
　　pressure.
即我们发现原因，我们可以抵制。即我们可以通过改变我们的环境以抵制进化所带来的不足。只有在我们改变的速度超过了evolution时，这一观点才能成立。

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