ARGUMENT中如何攻击无依据的假设 [复制链接]

wisle
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电梯直达

楼主

发表于 2009-8-9 00:32:18 |只看该作者 |倒序浏览

在ARGUMENT中，有些论据往往就直接说了一个理由并没有给出依据，如此的话如何攻击呢？

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GTB
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沙发

发表于 2009-8-9 00:54:42 |只看该作者

是这样的LZ我告诉你如何攻击也只是我的经验之谈，倒不如你先说说你是怎么攻击的我们交流一下效果应该会更好~

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wisle
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板凳

发表于 2009-8-9 15:21:57 |只看该作者

2# GTB
比如我今天看到的两篇A，算搭点边的
36.The following appearedin an article written by Dr. Karp, an anthropologist.
"Twenty years ago Dr. Field, a noted anthropologist, visited the island of Tertia and concluded fromhis observations that children in Tertia were reared by an entire village rather than by their own biological parents. However, my recent interviews with children living in the group of islands that includes Tertia show that these children spend much more time talking about their biological parents than about other adults in the village. This research proves that Dr. Field's conclusion about Tertian village culture is false, and thus that the observation-centered approach to studying cultures is invalid. Because they are using the interview-centered method, my team of graduate students working in Tertia will establish a much more accurateunderstanding of child-rearing traditions there and in other island cultures."

中的这句“and thus that the observation-centered approach to studying cultures is invalid. ”就是一个无依据推断，我就会通过举出反例攻击，就是寻求他因

还有
140.The following appearedin a report of the Committee on Faculty Promotions and Salaries at Elm City University.
"During her seventeen years as a professor of botany, Professor Thomas hasproved herself to be well worth her annual salary of $50,000. Her classes are among the largest at the university, demonstrating her popularity among students. Moreover, the money she has brought to the university in research grants has exceeded her salary in each of the last two years. Therefore, in consideration of Professor Thomas' demonstrated teaching and research abilities, we recommend that she receive a $10,000 raise and a promotion to Department Chairperson; without such a raise and promotion, we fear that Professor Thomas will leave Elm City University for another college."

其中without such a raise and promotion, we fear that Professor Thomas will leave Elm City University for another college.这句就说一个教师决定留下来的条件，不仅仅取决于工资地位，还有学校的科研环境之类的

第一个用了他因法攻击，第二个再找他的必要条件。

这两道题还不算是很明显的那种与结论无关的premise，我忘了哪道更加典型，待我看看再提出来
反正就是说这种与结论无关的premise怎么攻击？

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firefly1984
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地板

发表于 2009-8-9 17:01:27 |只看该作者

我的观点：
36.那个，错在两方面：
(1)由于Dr.F的研究结果错=>Dr.F的研究方法错。没有考虑其他可能性，比如：研究方法是合理的，但样本不合理，可能导致研究结果错。对于题目而言，就是错误的因果关系，可用他因法驳斥
(2)Dr.F的研究结果错=>Dr.F的研究方法错，有个前提，就是作者研究是正确，而这正式本文应该怀疑的，所以，还应该攻击前提吧，就是怀疑一下作者研究的正确性。
140.那个，错在两方面：
(1)前文没有有效说明需要给这个校长增加工资，否则她就走，可能人家根本就不想走；
(2)如果她想走，就算加了工资，也不见得能留住她，考虑其他原因。

请求指正。

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