PERM绿卡,无论是EB2还是EB3,要经过三步:PERM劳工短缺证明,I-140移民申请,和I-485调整身份(如果人在美国)或者领事程序申请移民签证(如果人不再美国)。
作为第一步, 雇主需要和律师一起确定合适的工作岗位以及相应的要求。然后刊登广告,做招聘努力。在雇主无法找到合格的美国工人的情况下,提交劳工短缺证明申请。 劳工证批准后,提交I-140 移民申请。I-140批准通过后等待排期,排期到后申请I-485调整身份或者通过领事程序申请移民签证。
在提交劳工证申请前, 大约要三四个月做广告。提交劳工证以后,通常需要四到八个月才知道结果,但也可能遇到审查而需要数年时间才知道劳工证是否被批准。 劳工证批准以后,可以马上递交I-140。 I-140常规需要六个月处理,也可以要求加速审理。
I-140批准后,需要等排期到了以后才能递交I-485调整身份或者安排移民签证面谈。前面 第一第二步可以在一年内完成。 第二步到第三步之间的排期目前不得而知,希望不超过两三年。 第三步递交上去后, 一般半年有结果。
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Q2. 绿卡申请中的各种缩写都是什么意思?
A#, A-Number: Alien Registration Number
AC21: American Competitiveness in the 21st Century Act of 2000
ACWIA: American Competitiveness and Workforce Improvement Act of 1998
AD: Approval Date
ADIT: Alien Documentation, Identification and Telecommunications system
AILA: American Immigration Lawyers Association
AO: Administrative Officer
AOS: Adjustment of Status (485 pending) or Affidavit of Support
AP: Advance Parole or Assistant Professor
ARC: Alien Registration Card (also called Green Card or Permanent Residence
Card)
ASC: Application Service Center (local USCIS service center)
BC: Birth Certificate or Background Check
CBP: U.S. Customs and Border Protection
CDP: Card/Document Production
CFR: Code of Federal Regulations
CIR: Comprehensive Immigration Reform
CO: Certifying Officer (of DOL)
COS, C/S: Change of Status
CP: Consular Processing
CPT: Curricular Practical Training
CSC: California Service Center (= WAC)
DACA: Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals
DHS: Depart of Homeland Security
DIY: Do-It-Yourself
DOE: Date of Entry
DOL: Department of Labor
DOS: Department of State
D/S: Duration of Status
EAC: Eastern Adjudication Center (= VSC)
EAD: Employment Authorization Document
EB: Employment-based
EB2C: EB2 China
EB2I: EB2 India
EB3C: EB3 China
EB3I: EB3 India
EIN: Employer Identification Number
ETA: Employment and Training Administration (of DOL)
EVL: Employment Verification Letter
FEIN: Federal Employer Identification Number
FOIA: Freedom of Information Act
FP: Finger Print
GC: Greed Card (also called Alien Registration Card or Permanent Residence
Card)
ICE: U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement
INA: Immigration and Nationality Act
INS: Immigration and Naturalization Services (transferred to USCIS, ICE, and
CBP in 2003)
IO: Immigration Officer
IR: Initial Review
LC: Labor Certification
LCA: Labor Condition Application
LIN: Lincoln, NE (= NSC)
LPR: Lawful Permanent Resident
LUD: Last Updated Date
MSC: Missouri Service Center
NAICS: North American Industry Classification System
NBC: National Benefits Center
NC: Name Check
ND: Notice Date
NIW: National Interest Waiver
NOID: Notice of Intent to Deny
NPWC: National Prevailing Wage Center
NSC: Nebraska Service Center (= LIN)
NVC: National Visa Center
OES: Occupational Employment Statistics
OMB: Office of Management and Budget
OPT: Optional Practical Training
OR: Outstanding Researcher
PD: Priority Date
PERM: Program Electronic Review Management System
PL: Petition Letter
POE: Port of Entry
PP: Premium Processing
PR: Permanent Residence
PRC: Permanent Residence Card (also called Alien Registration Card or Green
Card)
PW/PWR: Prevailing Wage/Prevailing Wage Rate
PWD/PWRD: Prevailing Wage Determination/Prevailing Wage Rate Determination
RD: Receipt Date or Received Date
RFE: Request for Evidence (注意不是REF,也不是reference)
RL: Reference Letter
ROW: Rest of world
SEVIS: Student and Exchange Visitor Information System
SO: Spill Over
SOC: Standard Occupational Classification
SR: Service Request
SRC: Southern Regional Center (= TSC)
STEM: Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics
SWA: State Workforce Agency
TSC: Texas Service Center (= SRC)
USCIS: U.S. Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services
VB: Visa Bulletin
VSC: Vermont Service Center (= EAC)
WAC: Western Adjudication Center (= CSC)
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Q3. 什么是PERM,其基本流程是什么?
申请人不能查询PERM申请状态。雇主和律师登陆在DOL网站的账号使用PERM case number (A-xxxxx-xxxxx格式)查询。
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Q18. 什么情况下PERM会被audit?被audit了怎么办?
PERM申请的核查(Audit)是劳工局确保PERM系统审核标准的一个关键步骤。目前的PERM系统依赖于雇主的“诚意”(good faith)招聘活动。雇主必须采用了公平合理且没有偏见的所有措施和方式来检验劳工市场,确信并没有符合要求的美国工人可以从事自己提供的这项工作,才可通过网络提交PERM申请。网络申请仅仅是递交PERM申请,雇主无须另外提交任何招聘记录,应聘人员的简历,招聘结果以及最终招聘报告。PERM申请程序旨在提高劳工证申请的效率和减少过去劳工证申请长期积压的情形。
由于PERM并不要求雇主在申请时提交任何支持文件,劳工局预计到有些雇主和律师可能会利用PERM系统的这一特点,在没有遵寻PERM规定的招聘程序下,递交不真实信息或者在招聘过程中违反劳工局的相关规定。为此,劳工局设定了一些预防措施,比如随机审查(random audit)、有目标的审查(targeted audit)、或者是惩罚有关的违规行为,以确保系统的有效性和完善性。另外,劳工局也规定只要是律师给雇主提供服务或递交PERM申请,雇主必须承担所有与PERM律师费和其他相关的费用,雇员严格不能支付直接或间接费用(雇员可支付PERM之外的其他费用)。这一规定是为了减少雇员对PERM申请过程的控制。通过这些办法,劳工局一直不断地在改善PERM系统,减少对PERM的滥用情况的发生。
一般来说,Audit敏感的情况可以分为如下几种:
● 申请本身比较复杂,比如说学士学位加5年经验申请第二优先;
● 职位要求超出了劳工局OES系统的“正常”的相同或相关职业要求(Job requirements for the occupation are beyond “normal” in same or related occupation);
● 公司为同一种职位申请多份PERM。比如一家计算机软体公司申请多个Computer Programmers,那么劳工局有可能抽查其中一个申请,劳工局通过向该申请发出Audit来进行检查,确认该公司的同类申请满足PERM的广告招聘 要求;
● 最近新出现的Audit,便是劳工局对于小型的公司(Employer with less than 10 employees)招聘存在较大怀疑,劳工局将发出Audit通知要求小型公司雇主详细说明;
● 外国申请人与雇主有拥有权利益(ownership interest)或有家庭关系(family relationship);
● 雇主有拥有权利益(ownership interest)或有家庭关系(family relationship);
● 雇主在相同或相关的职业内,有罢工,停工和裁员的记录 (Strikes, Lockouts and Layoffs in same or related occupation)。